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SIPS-based resilience augmentation of power system network

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Abstract

Natural calamities that include heavy storms, earthquakes, snowfall, and drought/heat waves are now predominant over the world. These natural calamities cause high impact low frequency (HILF) events, such as multi-location faults and multi-area stressed conditions, that may cause large blackouts and reduce system resilience. This paper proposes a system integrity protection scheme (SIPS) to accurately identify the multi-location faults and multi-area stressed system conditions. The proposed SIPS accurately detects the multi-location faults for synchronized operation of distance relay and simultaneously provides backup distance relay blocking in higher operating zones, during stressed system conditions. For the entire operation, data from WAMS are used to first detect the abnormal operating areas followed by identification of vulnerable buses in the system. Further, by comparing the phase angles of transmission lines connected to vulnerable buses, faulted lines are identified. The effectiveness of the method is tested for multiple scenarios carried out on the WSCC 9-bus system and New England 39-bus system in MATLAB/Simulink platform. For practical implementation, the performance is validated on a 4-bus test network on Typhoon hardware in loop (HIL) system. Adequate and synchronized relay operation results in the augmentation of resiliency in the power system network. Calculated resistance indices reflect increase in transmission capacity up to 140%, load loss reduction percent up to 0%, and improvement in the active power deficiency up to 57% during different operating conditions for considered test systems.

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Abbreviations

V ST :

Steady-state bus voltage matrix

I ST :

Steady-state branch current matrix

I ST :

Steady-state branch current matrix

V M :

Measured bus voltage matrix

I M :

Measured branch current matrix

Z AB :

Impedance of section AB

\(\delta_{vi\_}\) :

Phase angle between voltage and current

P :

Active power flow

Q :

Reactive power flow

L ni :

Load demand under normal condition

L di :

Actual load demand during disaster

C k_d :

Power flowing in link k during disaster

G g_d :

Real power output of unit g during disaster

SIPS:

System integrity protection scheme

HILF:

High impact low frequency

WAMS:

Wide-area monitoring system

PMU:

Phasor measurement unit

ANN:

Artificial neural network

NIAC:

National infrastructure advisory council

CR:

Current ratio

ACR:

Area current ratio

ACRTH :

Threshold value of area current ratio

CLPP:

Current load loss percent

ATCS:

Available transfer capacity of section

APDA:

Available power deficiency in area

AOA:

Abnormal operating area

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of EEE, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India

    Nilesh Kumar Rajalwal & Debomita Ghosh

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  1. Nilesh Kumar Rajalwal
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Correspondence to Nilesh Kumar Rajalwal.

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Rajalwal, N.K., Ghosh, D. SIPS-based resilience augmentation of power system network. Electr Eng 105, 827–851 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01700-7

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