PERCH-CIC Congress VII

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PERCH-CIC Congress VII 

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การประชุมวิชาการ 

ศูนยความเปนเลิศดานนวัตกรรมทางเคมี ครั้งที่ 7 

4-7 พฤษภาคม 2554 

โรงแรมจอมเทียน ปาลมบีช แอนด รีสอรท เมืองพัทยา จังหวัดชลบุรี 

The International Congress for Innovation in Chemistry 

4-7 May 2011, Jomtien Palm Beach Hotel & Resort Pattaya, Chonburi 

Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) 

Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC), Ministry of Education

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รวบรวมและเรียบเรียง 

ศูนยความเปนเลิศดานนวัตกรรมทางเคมี (PERCH-CIC) 

ISBN 978-974-11-1459-7 

จำนวนพิมพ 1,000 เลม 

เมษายน 2554

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Contents 

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Introductory Remarks.................................................................................. (5) 

Conference Schedule ................................................................................... (9) 

Presentation Schedule ............................................................................... (12) 

Special Lecture.................................................................................................. 1 

Plenary and Invited Lectures........................................................................ 3 

Abstracts for Oral Presentations 

- S1: Analytical Technologies................................................................. 43 

- S2: Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products ................................. 59 

- S3: Materials Science and Nanotechnology ................................... 77 

Abstracts for Poster Presentations 

- S1: Analytical Technologies................................................................. 97 

- S2: Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products and Synthesis ..... 179 

- S3: Materials Science and Nanotechnology ................................. 345 

List of Participants ....................................................................................... 483 

Keyword Index.............................................................................................. 501 

Author Index................................................................................................. 513 

Comments on PERCH Congress VI, May 3-6, 2009, Pattaya 

by Foreign Participants ...............................................................................523 

Sponsors.......................................................................................................... 533

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Introductory Remarks 

The Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) was favorably evaluated by 

the 2010 Review Group appointed by The Office of the Higher Education Commission (OHEC). 

The Phase III operation of the Center for 2012-2017 has been approved. The three 

strategic and cutting-edge research areas: Analytical Technology, Innovation in Natural 

Products, and Materials Science and Nanochemistry together with the excellent track 

record of the Center will be the driving forces for the overall activities in the next five years. 

It will be a very challenging task in synchronizing the research excellence, innovation and 

human resources development for enhancing the crucial national strategies in four areas, 

i.e. environment and human security, food security, energy security and high value-added 

industries. PERCH-CIC is determined to attain excellence in all relevant categories. The 

Center has thirteen universities as its members, i.e. Mahidol (MU), Prince of Songkla (PSU), 

Khon Kaen (KKU), Chiang Mai (CMU), Kasetsart (KU), Ramkhamhaeng (RU), Burapha 

(BUU), Mahasarakham (MSU), Lampang Rajabhat (LPRU), Suratthani Rajabhat (SRU), 

Naresuan (NU), Ubon Rajathanee (UBU) and Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat (BSRU) 

Universities. The operational harmonization among all the members is crucial for the 

success of the Center in its effort to strengthen research excellence, innovation and 

research training, and to provide education opportunities in chemical sciences and related 

disciplines on a nation-wide basis. It is gratifying to be able to report that the member

(6) 


universities have contributed financially both in-kind and in-cash toward the research and 

education of the Center. 

The Congress series has become one of the milestone activities of the Center; it 

creates team spirit, allows researchers from the thirteen member universities to discuss and 

share their research results as well as their facilities and opportunities. The Congress has 

also become the most important international meeting in the chemical sciences in Thailand 

with the attendance of distinguished participants from abroad and from within Thailand. 

The general meeting at each Congress with the participation of staff, students and supporting 

personnel has been an extremely important forum for strategic planning of the Center. 

In its operation over approximately ten years, the Center has admitted a total of 

1,721 graduate students (1,329 M.Sc. and 392 Ph.D.), of which 772 have graduated (649 

M.Sc. and 123 Ph.D.). The members have published 870 papers in international journals 

together with 25 patents and 7 knowledge-based innovative products arising from the 

research results. The Center has invested heavily in the research facilities and infrastructure 

necessary for high-quality research and education in the chemical and pharmaceutical 

sciences. These facilities have allowed the faculty members to carry out state-of-the-art 

multidisciplinary research in the three strategic and cutting-edge research areas. 

The collaboration with industry has been further expanded. The main projects are 

as follows. Further development of the second generation products Plaitanoids TM and 

Lotusia TM with a group of companies led by Kovic Kate International (Thailand) Co., Ltd. 

and International Laboratory Corporation (ILC), respectively, are on-going. Chemical test 

kits for field use for trace analysis have been commercialized in co-operation with Higher 

Enterprise Co., Ltd. In addition, a spin-off company “TESTKIT INNOVATION” has been 

registered by Professor Yuwadee Shiowatana for the commercialization of the field test kits 

products. PERCH-CIC is one of the beneficiaries of the company. Researchers of the Center 

have been awarded 10 of The RGJ-Industry Ph.D. scholarships for research collaboration 

with industry; six of these are in Analytical Technologies, two in Materials Science and two 

in Innovation of Natural Products. Research collaboration with SCG Siam Cement Group 

is continuing in olefin polymerization catalysis research with the award of a grant worth 

approximately 25 million baht for five Ph.D. scholarships. An MOU has been signed with a 

food company Betagro on the development analytical methods for food products analysis. 

The collaboration with Bruker on the proteomics technology using high resolution NMR 

for food analysis is being initiated. 

The International PERCH-CIC Congress VII, having the theme “Chemistry, 

Environment and Society”, will offer an opportunity for students and faculty members of

4-7 May 2011 (7) 

the Center to present their research work both orally and by posters. Eleven countries are 

represented at this Congress. Plenary and invited speakers are drawn from noted researchers 

within and outside the Center. There are 12 plenary and 26 invited lectures plus 48 oral 

and 385 poster presentations. It is worth noting that the participants include 18 graduate 

students from Singapore, Taiwan and Belgium, together with 4 graduate students and 

faculty members from other institutions in Thailand that are non- members of the Center. 

An industrial meeting entitled “Chemistry for Innovation-Industry Forum” is organized in 

conjunction with the Congress to facilitate discussion between researchers and entrepreneurs 

about the utilization of research outcomes. There are 4 presentations from food, chemical, 

scientific equipment and petroleum industries together with 8 oral and 15 poster presentations 

from PERCH-CIC members. The total number of participants attending the Congress is 850. 

The Center has come a long way since its official inception in December 1999. 

I would like to quote a statement from the 2010 Review Group, which summarizes the 

achievement as follows. 

“The Center has a rigorous systematic administrative procedures which are 

flexible and conducive to achieving excellence, to enhancing the motivation and 

satisfaction of its members. The Center has exceeded its set targets of outputs. It is cost 

effective economic investment, especially in the areas of training high-quality human 

resources, the creation of new knowledge and new technology relevant to Thailand, 

comparing with the cost needed to acquire these resources from abroad. The Center has 

potential to attain a World Class Center of Excellence status in the three strategic and 

cutting-edge research areas, i.e. Analytical Technology, Innovation in Natural Products, 

and Materials Science”. 

I have to thank every member of the Center for making PERCH-CIC possible and 

for keeping the faith during the difficult path to realization of our vision of a World Class 

Center of Excellence in Chemistry. 

I would like to welcome all of you to this exciting Congress. I hope the experience 

gained during this event will be rewarding for your professional career. 

Finally, I wish the Congress every success. 

Vichai Reutrakul 

Director 

Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) 

May 2011

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Conference Schedule 


Theme: Chemistry, Environment and Society 

4-7 May 2011 

Jomtien Palm Beach Hotel & Resort Pattaya, Chonburi 

Wednesday, 4 May 2011 

15.00 - 18.30 Registration and Poster Set Up 

18.30 - 19.00 Opening Ceremony and Opening Address 

by Sumate Yamnoon, 

Secretary-General, Office of the Higher Education Commission 

19.00 - 19.30 SL-1: “Framework for Collaboration with Industry” 

by Wilaiporn Chetanachan, Director, Corporate Technology Office, 

The Siam Cement PLC, Thailand 

19.30 - 21.00 Cocktail / Welcome Party 

Thursday, 5 May 2011 

8.00 - 8.30 Registration 

8.30 - 9.10 PL-1: “Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage Chemistry Research 

in the US DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence” 

by Lennie Klebanoff, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, USA. 

9.10 - 9.50 PL-2: “Discovery and Development of New Drugs from TCM 

Based on “System to System” Mode” 

by Guoan Luo, Tsinghua University, China

(10) 


9.50 - 10.10 Coffee Break 

10.10 - 10.50 PL-3: “Organic Field-effect Transistor/Memory Devices with 

Pentacene Films Embedding Metallic and Organic Charge 

Traps: Structure and Electric Bistability Study” 

by Yu-Tai Tao, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 

10.50 - 11.30 PL-4: “Some Medicinal and Mechanistic Aspects of Asymmetric 

Organocatalysis: From Stem-Cell Differentiation to 

Combined Organo/Biocatalysis” 

by Albrecht Berkessel, University of Cologne, Germany 

11.30 - 12.10 PL-5: “Last Development in Phosphinine Chemistry” 

by Franois Mathey, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

12.10 - 13.00 Lunch 

13.00 - 14.30 Poster Presentations 

S1: Analytical Technology 

S2: Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products 

S3: Materials Science and Nanotechnology 


15.00 - 17.20 Oral Presentations 

Session S1 S2A S2B S3 

Venue Marine I Marine II Marine IV Marine III 

S1-L1 S2A-L1 – S2A-L3 - S3-L1 

S1-O1 – S1-O4 S2A-O1 – S2A-O3 - S3-O1 – S3-O6 


18.30 - 19.30 General Meeting of PERCH-CIC 

by Vichai Reutrakul, PERCH-CIC Director 

Evening —Free— 

Friday, 6 May 2011 




S1-L2 S2A-L4 – S2A-L6 - S3-L2 



10.30 - 12.10 Oral Presentations

4-7 May 2011 (11) 



S1-L3 S2A-L7 – S2A-L9 - 

S1-O9 – S1-O12 S2A-O6 – S2A-O8 S2B-O1 – S2B-O4 S3-O11 – S3-O15 

12.10 - 13.00 Lunch 






S1-L4 S2A-L10 – S2A-L11 S2B-L1 – S2B-L5 S3-L3 – S3-L5 


18.30 Dinner / Recreation 

Saturday, 7 May 2011 

9.00 - 9.40 PL-6: “Electrochemical Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds 

in Ionic Liquids Toward Green Sustainable Chemistry” 

by Toshio Fuchigami, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 

9.40 - 10.20 PL-7: “Using NMR-based Methods to Assign the Stereochemistry 

of Natural Products” 

by Mary J. Garson, The University of Queensland, Australia 


10.40 - 11.20 PL-8: Asymmetric Formation of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters 

by Sung Ho Kang, KAIST, Korea 

11.20 - 12.00 PL-9: “Cycloaddition Reactions of Masked o-Benzoquinones with 

Cyclopentadiene and Furans and Their Synthetic Applications” 

by Chun-Chen Liao, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan 

12.00 - 13.00 Lunch 

13.00 - 13.40 PL-10: Materials based on Bowl-shaped Polynuclear Aromatics 

by Jay S. Siegel, University of Zurich, Switzerland 

13.40 - 14.20 PL-11: “Development of Natural Products to More Potent Bioactives” 

by Zhu-Jun Yao, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 

14.20 - 15.20 Presentation of Awards and Closing Ceremony

Presentation Schedule 

Thursday, 5 May 2011 

Session S1 - Analytical Technology: Analytical Method Development 

Oral Presentations (Venue: Marine I) 

Chairpersons: J. Sabine Becker / Proespichaya Kanatharana 

15.00 - 15.20 S1-L1 High-Throughput Natural Products Chemistry for Drug Discovery: Is it Possible Mark O’Neil-Johnson 

15.20 - 15.40 S1-O1 Enhancement of Fluorescence Quenching Ability of DPPHby Colloidal Nanocrystalline Quantum เตือนใจ นอยพา Tuanjai Noipa 

Dot in Aqueous Micelle 

15.40 - 16.00 S1-O2 Photon Flux Densitometry of Agricultural Area in Thailand: The Study Through Ground Truth ศุภโชค อุปาลี Suphachock Upalee 

Remote Sensing 

16.20 - 16.40 S1-O3 High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Penicillin Residues in Milk Samples After ชัญภักต คูคูสมุทร Chunyapuk Kukusamude 

Mixed Micelle-cloud Point Extraction 

16.40 - 17.00 S1-O4 Development of Simultaneously Carbaryl, Dimethoate and Fenvalerate Residual Extraction in วชิราภรณ เขียวมั่ง Wachiraporn Kheowmung 

Tangerine (Sai Nam Pung) by Using SPE Technique and Detection with HPLC and LC/MS 

Session S2 - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Synthetic Methodologies and Organic Materials 

Oral Presentations (Venue: Marine II) 

Chairpersons: Rungnapha Saeeng / Yaowapa Sukpondma 

15.00 - 15.20 S2A-L1 Palladium(II)-catalyzed Ortho Arylation of 2-Phenoxypyridines and 2-Phenaminopyridines with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates Ming-Jung Wu 

15.20 - 15.40 S2A-L2 Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Phenylbenzothiazoles and Bis(benzylidene-benzenamine)-1-disulfides as Anticancer Agents Jeh-Jeng Wang 

15.40 - 16.00 S2A-L3 Transition Metal-catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalizations for Sustainable Synthesis Lutz Ackermann 

16.00 - 16.20 S2A-O1 Electroluminescent and Photophysical Properties of Metallotetraazaporphyrin Complexes Anurach Poloek 

16.20 - 16.40 S2A-O2 Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oligothiophenes Bearing Dialkylaniline End-capped for OFETs ดวงรัชนีกร เหมือนมาตย Duangratchaneekorn Muenmart 

16.40 - 17.00 S2A-O3 Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluoro-1-azabicyclic Compounds วัชราภรณ ทาหาร Watcharabhorn Thaharn 

Session S3 - Materials Science & Nanotechnology: Catalysis 

Oral Presentations (Venue: Marine III) 

Chairpersons: Ekasith Somsook / Chomjai Suksai 

15.00 - 15.20 S3-L1 Design of Vanadium Complex Catalysts for Efficient Olefin Insertion/Metathesis Polymerization Kotohiro Nomura 

15.20 - 15.40 S3-O1 Modified Ceria-based Catalyst for Water Gas Shift Reaction: Influence of Preparation Methods กิ่งแกว ฉายากุล Kingkaew Chayakul 

on the Role of Added Metal 

(12) 

PERCH-CIC Congress VII

15.40 - 16.00 S3-O2 Synthesize, Characterize and Kinetic Studies of the Ring-opening Bulk Polymerization of มานิตา ดุมกลาง Manita Dumklang 

ε-Caprolactone Using Novel Soluble Tin(II) Alkoxide Initiators 

16.00 - 16.20 S3-O3 Graphene Based Titanium Dioxide Composites for Water Treatment ณุตตรา หลาสกุล Nuttara Lasakul 

16.20 - 16.40 S3-O4 Photocatalytic Activity of TiO 2 

-immobilized Sheets Prepared by Different Methods ชวาลย ศรีวงษ Chaval Sriwong 

16.40 - 17.00 S3-O5 Serendipitous Discovery of a Phospherene-Phosphindole Rearrangement Duanghathai Panichakul 

17.00 - 17.20 S3-O6 Photochemistry of Iodine Solution and Titanium Oxalate Complex ธานินทร ทัดระเบียบ Tanin Tudrabiab 

Friday, 6 May 2011 

Session S1 - Analytical Technology: Plasma Spectrochemistry and Sample Preparation 

Oral Presentations: (Venue: Marine I) 

Chairpersons: Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit / Supalax Srijaranai 

8.30 - 8.50 S1-L2 Progress and Trends in Elemental Imaging and Metallomics of Biological Tissue from Micrometer to Nanometer Scale J. Sabine Becker 

8.50 - 9.10 S1-O5 Gel Electrophoresis with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for อุษารัตน คำทับทิม Usarat Kumtabtim 

Investigation of Metal Binding Rice Protein 

9.10 - 9.30 S1-O6 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Trace Elements and Speciation Analysis นพรัตน วรพลาวุฒิ Nopparat Vorapalawut 

in Petroleum Matrices 

9.30 - 9.50 S1-O7 Development of Eggshell Membranes as Solid Phase Adsorbent for Preconcentration of Cd(II), ธนวัฒน ดวงคำ Tanawat Duangkum 

Pb(II) and Ni(II) Coupled with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 

9.50 - 10.10 S1-O8 Preparation and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Coumaphos ปรัตถกร เอี่ยมอราม Paratthakorn Iamaram 


Session S1 - Analytical Technology: Flow-based and Microfluidic Technology 


Chairpersons: Peter C. Hauser / Jaroon Jakmunee 

10.30 - 10.50 S1-L3 Chemical Analysis Using Reagents and Materials Around Ourselves: Green Chemical Analysis-Green Innovation เกตุ กรุดพันธ Kate Grudpan 

10.50 - 11.10 S1-O9 Determination of Glucosamine by Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) with Fluorescence Detector อาทิตย บุญมา Arthit Bunma 

11.10 - 11.30 S1-O10 Chemiluminescence Microfluidic Device for Monitoring of Nitrite in Water นันทนภัส ลายทิพย Nunnapus Laitip 

11.30 - 11.50 S1-O11 Direct Analysis of Urine for Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder จิรายุ สิตานุรักษ Jirayu Sitanurak 

11.50 - 12.10 S1-O12 Size Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared from Various Synthesis Conditions พรวิลาส เอ็มเอ็ม Pornwilard M-M 

12.10 - 13.00 Lunch 



4-7 May 2011 (13)

Session S1 - Analytical Technology: Sensors and Sensing Technology 


Chairpersons: Kate Grudpan / Duangjai Nacapricha 

15.00 - 15.20 S1-L4 Contactless Conductivity Detection for Microseparation Techniques Peter C. Hauser 

15.20 - 15.40 S1-O13 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) with Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection ฐิติรัตน แมนทิม Thitirat Mantim 

(C 4 D) for Chiral Separation of Stimulants in Urine Samples 

15.40 - 16.00 S1-O14 Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp Pond Water by a Highly Sensitive Capacitive Biosensor สาลูมา สมานหมาน Saluma Samanman 

16.00 - 16.20 S1-O15 Ru/Rh-Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of แ-Ketoglutarate สุจิตรา ภูระหงษ Sujittra Poorahong 

16.20 - 16.40 S1-O16 Cost-Effective Formaldehyde Sensing Device for Industry Applications โอภาส บุญเกิด Opas Bunkoed 

(14) 

Session S2A - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Synthetic Methodologies and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds 


Chairpersons: Boonsong Kongkathip / Vachiraporn Ajavakom 

8.30 - 8.50 S2A-L4 Fun with Organic Electrochemistry Istvn E. Mark 

8.50 - 9.10 S2A-L5 The Development of New Organocatalysts for Enantioselective C-C Bond Formation through Michael Reaction of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins Biing-Jiun Uang 

9.10 - 9.30 S2A-L6 Is There a General Rule to Predict the Regiochemical Pathways in the Ring Opening Reactions of 2-Substituted Aziridines Hyun-Joon Ha 

9.30 - 9.50 S2A-O4 Total Synthesis of Tamiflu and Tamiphosphor from D-Ribose ภาวิณี วิเชียรนุกูล Pawinee Wichienukul 

9.50 - 10.10 S2A-O5 Synthesis of the Disaccharide Moiety of an Anticancer OSW-1 จันจิรา รุจิรวณิช Janjira Rujirawanich 


Session S2A - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Isolation and Synthesis 


Chairpersons: Somyote Sutthivaiyakit / Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul 

10.30 - 10.50 S2A-L7 New Chemical Scaffold Starting Points for Targeting Inflammation Preferred, Novel and Neglected Scaffolds in a Drug Discovery Program Mark O’Neil-Johnson 

10.50 - 11.10 S2A-L8 Stemona Alkaloids and Derivatives with Potential Agricultural and Medicinal Applications Stephen G. Pyne 

11.10 - 11.30 S2A-L9 Total Syntheses of Structurally Complex Polycyclic Alkaloids Hidetoshi Tokuyama 

11.30 - 11.50 S2A-O6 Phthalide and 2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl Butanone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus อุบลทา สมมารถ Ubonta Sommart 

Microsphaeropsis arundinis PSU-G18 

11.50 - 12.10 S2A-O7 Clauraila A-D, Cytotoxic Carbazole Alkaloids from the Roots of Clausena harmandiana อุไรวรรณ สงเสียง Uraiwan Songsiang 

12.10 - 12.30 S2A-O8 New Cyclopeptide Alkaloids with Antiplasmodial and Antimycobacterial Activities from the ณัฏฐกัลย ลมเชย Natthakaln Lomchoey 

Root of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 


12.30 - 13.00 Lunch 



Session S2A - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Organic Sensors and Synthesis 


Chairpersons: Palangpon Kongsaeree / Uthai Sakee 

15.00 - 15.20 S2A-L10 “Reactive” Fluorescent Probes for Heavy Metal Species Kyo Han Ahn 

15.20 - 15.40 S2A-L11 Development of Molecular Probes for Imaging of Gene Expression and Bacteria Functions Bengang Xing 

15.40 - 16.00 S2A-O9 PhI(OAc) 2 

-mediated Iminobromination for Synthesis of Bromomethyl Cyclic Imine Starting Stephen Sanjaya 

from Alkenyl Carbonitriles and Grignard Reagents 

16.00 - 16.20 S2A-O10 Palladium- and Gold-catalyzed Hydroamination of C-(Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)allene เฉลียวศักดิ์ คำวงษ Chaleowsak Khamwong 

16.20 - 16.40 S2A-O11 Synthetic Development and Mechanistic Study on Pd(II)-catalyzed Cyclization of Enediynes to Chen-Chau Chen 

Benzo[a]carbazoles 

16.40 - 17.00 S2A-O12 Synthesis and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties of Novel Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid นิษานาถ รีนับถือ Nisanath Reenabthue 

Carrying 3-Aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic Acid Spacer 

17.00 - 17.20 S2A-O13 Ring-Closing Metathesis of Vinyl Bromides: Construction of Tricyclic Compounds พจนีย พันดอกรักษ Potchanee Pandokrak 

Session S2B - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Biological Activities & Pharmaceuticals Sciences 

Oral Presentations (Venue: Marine IV) 

Chairpersons: Klaokwan Srisook / Nanteetip Limpeanchob 

10.30 - 10.50 S2B-O1 Investigation of Anti-androgenic Compounds from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. หนึ่งฤทัย สุพรม Nungruthai Suphrom 

10.50 - 11.10 S2B-O2 The Efficacy of Cryptolepis buchanani Oil Formulation versus Indomethacin Solution in Symptomatic ณัฐิยา หาญประเสริฐพงษ Nutthiya Hanprasertpong 

Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee 

11.10 - 11.30 S2B-O3 An ELISA Using Monoclonal Antibody against Shatavarin IV for Determination of Steroidal ณัฏธยานภรณ เริ่มยินดี Nattayaporn Reamyindee 

Saponins in Asparagus racemosus Roots 

11.30 - 11.50 S2B-O4 Effect of Green Tea Extract on Human Fibroblast and Type I Collagen Production วุฒิชัย วิสุทธิพรต Wudtichai Wisuitiprot 

12.10 - 13.00 Lunch 



4-7 May 2011 (15)

Session S2 - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products: Bioorganic and Chemical Biology 

Oral Presentations (Venue: Marine IV) 

Chairpersons: Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul / Pitak Chuawong 

15.00 - 15.20 S2B-L1 Synthesis of Dierctly Linked Azo-Pyrrole-Polyamide Capable of DNA Photocleavage and Mixed Sequence Recognition Chi Wi Ong 

15.20 - 15.40 S2B-L2 Effect of Highly Fluorinated Amino Acids on Protein Secondary Structure Stability Richard P. Cheng 

15.40 - 16.00 S2B-L3 Methylation Effects on Charge Transport in Duplex DNA Fangwei Shao 

16.00 - 16.20 S2B-L4 RXR Ligand Discovery from Natural Sources: Crystal Structure Analysis with Biological Function Assay Xu Shen 

16.20 - 16.40 S2B-L5 Unraveling the Structural Energetics of Protein Cages and Their Application to Nanomaterials Brendan P. Orner 

(16) 

Session S3 - Materials Science & Nanotechnology: Altermative Energy 


Chairpersons: Vinich Promarak / Metha Rutnakornpituk 

8.30 - 8.50 S3-L2 High Performance Solution Processable Small Molecular Host Material SimCP2 for Blue and White Phosphorescence OLEDs Chin-Ti Chen 

8.50 - 9.10 S3-O7 Porphyrin Dyes for Dye Solar Cells (DSCs) : The Effect of meso- Substituted π-Conjugation กนกกรณ ศิริทิพย Kanokkorn Sirithip 

9.10 - 9.30 S3-O8 Novel Carbazole-Fluorene based D-π-A Conjugated Organic Dyes as Dye-Sensitizer in ธนิสร ยาขันทิพย Thanisorn Yakhanthip 

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: DFT/TDDFT 

9.30 - 9.50 S3-O9 D-π-A Type Organic Dyes Bearing Carbazole-Triphenylamine as Donor for DSC ธนิกา ขันอาสา Tanika Khanasa 

9.50 - 10.10 S3-O10 Molecular Simulations of Ion Sputter Coating on Nafion and Carbon Models as Alternative Catalyst จันทรฉาย ยานะ Janchai Yana 

in PEMFC Application 


Session S3 - Materials Science & Nanotechnology: Materials Science 


Chairpersons: Thapanee Sarakonsri / Jonggol Tantirungrotechai 

10.30 - 10.50 S3-O11 Cationic Modification of Zeolite NaY for Ethylene Adsorption ณภสินธุ พัฒนากุล Nopbhasinthu Patdhanagul 

10.50 - 11.10 S3-O12 Structural, Electronic and Gas Adsorption Properties of Metal Doped Single Wall Carbon Nanotube: ฌาณุกรณ ทับทิมใส Chanukorn Tabtimsai 

A Theoretical Study 

11.10 - 11.30 S3-O13 Preparation of Sn-carbon Composites Used as Anode Materials for Li-ion Battery กัญญาพร อาจผักปง Kanyaporn Adpakpang 

11.30 - 11.50 S3-O14 Effect of Phase Transformation on the Luminescent Properties of the Eu 3+ Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Crystals รังสิต ลันดา Rungsit Lunda 

11.50 - 12.10 S3-O15 Ultrafast Vibrational Relaxation Dynamics of Carbonyl Stretching Modes in Os 3 

(CO) 12 

Suxia Yan 

12.10 - 13.00 Lunch 




Session S3 - Materials Science & Nanotechnology: Catalysis & Materials Science 


Chairpersons: Winita Punyodom / Kampanart Chayajarus 

15.00 - 15.20 S3-L3 Chiral Ar-M Complexes Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Chiral Phosphines Pak-Hing Leung 

15.20 - 15.40 S3-L4 Matrix Effect in the quasi-Homogeneous Nanogold Catalyst Hidehiro Sakurai 

15.40 - 16.00 S3-L5 Amazing Chemistry of Silanols: to Next Generation Materials Masafumi Unno 

16.00 - 16.20 S3-O16 Photocatalytic Activity of Flower-like ZnO Derived by a D-Gluclose-assisted Sonochemical Method อัษฎาวุธ ศรีขาว Assadawoot Srikhaow 

16.20 - 16.40 S3-O17 MRI-visible Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Cell Detection แมน ธีระศิลป Man Theerasilp 

16.40 - 17.00 S3-O18 Synthesis and Characterization of Biocompatible Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-chitosan สมเกียรติ เจนจบ Somkieath Jenjob 

Core-shell Hydrogel Particles 

17.00 - 17.20 S3-O19 NR-g-PVA/zeolite-g-PAA Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) for Dehydration Pervaporation ฤทธเนศ วัฒนวิบูลยกิจ Ridhaned Wattanawiboonkid 

of Water-ethanol Mixtures 

17.20 - 17.40 S3-O20 Effect of Porous 3-Dimensional Scaffolds of Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) on the บุณฑริกา เทพสุคนธ Boontharika Thapsukhon 

Biocompatibility of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 

4-7 May 2011 (17)

Poster Presentations 

Session S1 - Analytical Technology 

Coordinators: Prapin Wilairat / Panote Thavarungkul / Sunanta Wangkarn / Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun / Waret Veerasai / Apinya Navakhun / Rattikan Chantiwas / Kanchana Uraisin 

Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul / Chongdee Thammakhet / Warakorn Limbut / Apon Numnuam 

S1-P1 Fabrication of a Home-made Spectrophotometric Detector for Flow Injection System อภิเดช ทองโสม Apidech Thongsom 

S1-P2 A Compact Flow Injection Colorimetric Detection for Determination of Ethanol in Distilled Liquor วัญเพ็ญ คงเพ็ชร Wanpen Khongpet 

S1-P3 Determination of Salinity in Seawater with a Reagent-free Flow Injection System ปยวรรณ พันสี Piyawan Phansi 

S1-P4 A Simple Flow Injection Analysis Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Nitrite in Water Samples ปวีรลดา ประเสริฐบุญใหญ Paweelada Prasertboonyai 

S1-P5 Determination of Ammonia by Reverse Flow Injection Analysis นพวรรณ ทับขัน Nopphawun Thunkhun 

S1-P6 Comparison of the Efficiency of Gas Collection Units for Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide by Flow Injection Analysis นพดล มะโนเย็น Noppadon Manoyen 

S1-P7 Application of Cds Quantum Dots as Luminescent Probes for Arsenic Determination by Gas-Diffusion Flow Injection Analysis ณัฏฐธยาน บุตรวงศ Nutthaya Butwong 

S1-P8 Development of a Flow Injection-capillary Electrophoresis System ธรารัตน มูลตะ Thararat Moonta 

S1-P9 Sequential Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium(III) Using Quercetin พจนีย หนอฝ น 

Poachanee Norfun 

S1-P10 Spectrophotometric Sequential Injection Analysis for Determination of Phenol in Water ธนากร เปลื้องกลาง Thanakorn Pluangklang 

S1-P11 Determination of Orthophosphate by Cross Injection Analysis ศศินันท จรรยา Sasinan Janya 

S1-P12 Possibility Study of Continuous-Flow Sequential Extraction and Determination of Phosphorus in Soil ศิรินารถ ปรีชา Sirinart Preecha 

S1-P13 Monolith-based Immobilized Enzyme Micro-reactor for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides ภารวี รัตนกิจ Parawee Rattanakit 

S1-P14 Monolithic Materials for a Microfluidic System วิสาขะ ชุนหกรณ Visakha Chunhakorn 

S1-P15 Rapid Fabrication of PMMA Chips Using mini-CNC Machine Modified with Laser Diode ณรภัทษ รัญนุรักษ Narabhat Rannurags 

S1-P16 Low Cost Lithography and Sputtering Process for Electrochemical-based Microfluidic Device Fabrication จันทรเพ็ญ ครุวรรณ Chanpen Karuwan 

S1-P17 Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor Based on Immobilized Antibody on Electropolymerized Poly(o-phenylenediamine) ศุภมาศ ยอดบุตร Supamas Yodbutr 

S1-P18 Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for Melioidosis Detection สุภาพร ดาวัลย Supaporn Dawan 

S1-P19 Detection of Total Bacteria Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Affinity Biosensor จงจิตร จันตรา Jongjit Jantr 

S1-P20 Capacitive DNA Sensor Using Immobilized PNA สุพรรณี สันเกาะ Supannee Sankoh 

S1-P21 Capacitive Immunosensor Using para-Phenylenediamine Modified Electrode for HSA Detection อรวรรณ ทิพยมณี Orawan Thipmanee 

S1-P22 Multilayer Modified Electrode for Label-free Impedimetric Immunosensing of Small Molecule กชพร จุลสัตย Kochaporn Chullasat 

S1-P23 Preparation of Magnetic Iron Oxide Particles by Co-precipitation ชรินรัตน ศิริธรรม Charinrat Siritham 

S1-P24 Utilization of Metal Oxide Semiconductor as Sensor for Determination of Ethanol อำนาจ เรืองชัยวัตร Amnat Ruangchaiwat 

S1-P25 Simple and Direct Determination of Ethanol in Gasohol by Raman Spectrometry พูนทวี แซเตีย Phoonthawee Saetear 

S1-P26 Sensitivity Enhancement of Glucose Fluorescence Sensor Based on Alizarin-Boronic Acid Complex in Aqueous Micelle เกษรินทร งามดี Kessarin Ngamdee 

S1-P27 Development of Oxygen Biosensor Based on Entrapping of Laccase on the Nanocomposite Film of Carbon Nanotubes-Chitosan ยุวากร เสนศรี Yuwakorn Sensri 

S1-P28 Electrochemical Analysis of Enrofloxacin Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrode Applied to Homemade Flow through Cell ไพโรจน จันทรหอม Phyroajne Janhom 

S1-P29 Bismuth Film Modified Electrode For Tetracycline Detection จารุวรรณ แซลอ Jaruwan Saelor 

(18) 


S1-P30 A Membraneless Unit for Measuring Calcium Carbonate with pH-ISFET Detection via Vaporization of CO 2 

พันธุวดี วัฒนสิน Panwadee Wattanasin 

S1-P31 Cadmium Ionophore Based Tripodal Aniline Calix[4]arene Derivatives for Fabrication of Polymeric Membrane Cd-ISE อุทศาวดี คำจุมพล Uisawadee Khamjumphol 

S1-P32 Optimization of the Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Waveform for b-Lactam Analysis สุธาสินี บุญเชียงมา Suthasinee Boonchiangma 

S1-P33 Determination of Vitamin B 12 

by Voltammetry ปยพร มังสังคำ Piyaporn Mangsangkam 

S1-P34 Flow Injection Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Determination of Cadmium and Lead วนิตา ปาวสกุล Wanita Powsakul 

S1-P35 Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for Determination of Some Inorganic Arsenic Species สุทิศา เงินเรืองโรจน Suthisa Ngoenruangrote 

S1-P36 Study of Trehalose Immobilization on Si Surface ภาติยา ภาสกนธ Patiya Pasakon 

S1-P37 XANES Investigations of the Final Product of Ni(II) Chelate with Nitrogen Dioxide อภิชัย ทองธำรงรัตน Apichai Thongtomroungrat 

S1-P38 Development of Home-made Digestion Apparatus for Trace Elements Analysis in Biological Samples รสสุคนธ สิทธิพรต Rossukon Sittipout 

S1-P39 Solid Phase Extraction for Preconcentration and Determination of Lead in Environmental Sample by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry สุรียรัตน แสงอุทัย Sureerat Sanguthai 

S1-P40 Improving of the Calcium and Magnesium Separation Method from Dolomite วลัยลักษณ สงรักษ Walailak Songrak 

S1-P41 The Study on Bioaccessibity of Cd and Pb in Oyster and Seabass Samples Using Physiologically Based Extraction Test สุพัตศา ศรีรักษา Supatsa Sriraksa 

S1-P42 Speciation Analysis of Antimony And Arsenic in Chilli Pepper and Tomato Samples by Continuous Flow Hydride นิตยา ทาหาร Nitaya Thaharn 

Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 

S1-P43 Determination of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM10 Samples by ICP-OES จตุพร ชัยชนะ Jatuporn Chaichana 

S1-P44 Development of a Vapour Generation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ประดับ มีสวัสดิ์ Pradup Mesawat 

(VG-ICP-OES) for Determination of Sulfur and Halogen 

S1-P45 Analysis of Multielement in Thai Rice by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) สิริพร ยศบรรเทิง Siriporn Yodbuntung 

S1-P46 Application of Laser Ablation ICP-MS for Shrimp Samples ประชา เจียเจษฎากุล Pracha Cheajesadagul 

S1-P47 Fractional Extraction of Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic Clove and Effect of Some Heavy Metals on their Antioxidant Capacity จันทรทิวา ทรงสังขาร Jantiwa Songsungkan 

S1-P48 Extraction of Tetrabromobisphenol-A in Polystyrene by Ultrasonic Extraction Method อนุรักษ จันทรแกว Anurak Chankaew 

S1-P49 Cryogel: Sorbent for Sample Preparation กนกรัตน เจริญพรภักดี Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee 

S1-P50 On-line Preconcentration of Xylene and Styrene with a Tubetrap จินดาพร แซลิ่ม Jindaporn Saelim 

S1-P51 Determination of Absorption Efficiency for VOCs by Methanol and Acetonitrile and Analysis by GC-FID เอกชัย สิงหคำ Eakachai Singcom 

S1-P52 Determination of Lauric acid in Virgin Coconut Oil by Gas Chromatography อะไอเสาะ ตึงเงาะ Aisah Tenngah 

S1-P53 Application of an Automated Headspace-Gas Chromatographic (HS-GC) Technique with a Nitrogen-Phosphorous Detector (NPD) พิทยาพร บุญทาคำ Pittayaporn Boontakham 

for the Determination of an Aroma Compound in Rice Leaves 

S1-P54 Optimization of Micro-Hydrodistillation for Some Aroma Compounds in Citronella Grass Leaf and Herbal Incense Priorto Analysis by GC ธนาวัฒน จูมแพง Thanawat Jumepaeng 

S1-P55 Survey of Acrylamide Contamination in Fried-fruit Snacks from Nong Mon Market, Chonburi Using GC-MS Technique พงษพันธ คำทอง Phongphan Komthong 

S1-P56 Possibility of Purifying the Spermatogenic Cells in Rat Using Gravitational Split-flow Thin Cell Fractionation นันทิยา เภาทอง Nanthiya Paothong 

S1-P57 Determination of Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography จารุวรรณ ดรเถื่อน Jaruwan Donthuan 

S1-P58 Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Using Solid-Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography นิทัชชา พลเกง Nithachcha Phonkeng 

S1-P59 Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Fruits by Cloud-Point Extraction Followed by HPLC-DAD เกษริน สีบุญเรือง Ketsarin Seebunrueng 

4-7 May 2011 (19)

S1-P60 On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction Using Sequential Injection Bead Injection Lab-On-Valve and HPLC for จิตรลดา วิชาผง Jitlada Vichapong 

Determination of Carbamate Insecticides 

S1-P61 Sample Preparation and Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticides Using Solid-phase Extraction นิยม วงศา Niyom Wongsa 

Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

S1-P62 Comparison of Two Extraction Methods for Determination of Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid and สุวารุณีย แกวคงสุข Suwarunee Kaeokhongsuk 

Salicylic Acid in Some Dried Fruits by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

S1-P63 Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterization of Macromolecules in Pineapple Juices เกวลีน ทวมกลาง Kawaleen Thuamklang 

S1-P64 Field-Flow Fractionation for Investigation of Protein-Nanoparticles Association พนิดา วิมุกติวรรณ Panida Wimuktiwan 

S1-P65 Application of Field-Flow Fractionation for Sub-Micrometer Particles ระเบียบ สุวรรณเพ็ชร Rabiab Suwanpetch 

S1-P66 Possibility of Purifying the Spermatogenic Cells in Rat Using Gravitational Split-Flow Thin Cell Fractionation นันทิยา เปาทอง Nanthiya Paothong 

S1-P67 Determination of Iron Using 1,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one as Reagent ไกรวิณี ประเกาพันธ Kraivinee Pragourpun 

S1-P68 Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Vitamin B 12 

Using Nitroso-R-salt นงคราญ ดวงสิน Nongkran Duangsin 

S1-P69 Application Of UV-Digestion for the Determination of Orthophosphate in Natural Rubber Latex เบญญานันท พันธวงศ Benyanan Panwong 

S1-P70 Determination of Copper Contents in Natural Rubber Latex by Visible Spectrophotometry ขวัญนภา รัตนเดชา Khwannapha Rattanadaecha 

S1-P71 Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Phosphate in Concentrated Latex จรรยาภรณ ศิริกาญจน Janyaporn Sirikarn 

S1-P72 Digital Image-based Colorimetry for Protein Assay in Natural Rubber นนทวัฒน บางเอี่ยม Nontawat Bang-iam 

S1-P73 A Green Analytical Chemistry for Determination of Curcuminoids ประภัสสร เวียงนนท Prapussorn Wiengnon 

S1-P74 Screening Method for Determination of Nitrosamines in Baby Nipples สุจรรยา จิตรหลัง Sujanya Jitlang 

S1-P75 Spectrofluorometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide ลักษณากรณ ศิริมุสิกะ Laksanaporn Sirimusika 

S1-P76 Some Chemometrics Approaches for the Assay of Each Component in Ternary Mixture ระพีพรรณ ฐิลานันท Rapeephan Thilanan 

S1-P77 Chemical Interactions Between β-Carotene and Chitosan by Coagulation and Flocculation: สุภลักษณ คงศรี Supalak Kongsri 

A Study on Light Scattering Intensity and Infrared Spectrum 

S1-P78 Using Physical Property for Ore Dressing กิตติทัต ทานทา Kittitat Tanta 

S1-P79 Production and Determination of Total Reducing Sugars from Cassava Stem by Hydrolysis with Diluted Sulfuric Acid เสรี มหาวิชัด Seri Mahavichad 

S1-P80 Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Shell ไพจิตร กลับศรี Paijit Klubsri 

S1-P81 Extraction and Separation of Fulvic Acid from Leonardite กนิษฐา แสงศร Kanitha Sangsorn 

S1-P82 In Vitro Release and Characterization of PLGA Fiber as Dexamethasone Carrier ขวัญชนก วนะวนานนท Kwanchanok Wanawananon 

Session S2 - Innovation in Bioactive Natural Products 

Coordinators: Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul / Somdej Kanokmedhakul / Ngampong Kongkathip / Shuleewan Rajviroongit / Chatchanok Karalai / Thitima Rukachaisirikul / Sirirat Chancharunee / 

Korakot Navakun / Wanchai Pluempanupat / Arisara Issaree / Darunee Soorukram / Natthinee Anantachoke 

S2-P1 Benzophenone, Chromone, Cyclohexene and Dibenzyl Ether Derivatives from the Mangrove-derived ศรัณยู ใคลคลาย Saranyoo Klaiklay 

Fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. PSU-MA69 

(20) 


S2-P2 Benzopyranone, Xanthone and Anthraquinone Derivatives from the Sea Fan-derived Fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51 นันทพงศ ขำทอง Nanthaphong Khamthong 

S2-P3 Cytotoxic Lasiodiplodin Derivatives from the Fungus Syncephalastrum racemosum มงคล บัวใหญรักษา Mongkol Buayairaksa 

S2-P4 Pyranone Derivatives from the Seagrass-derived Fungus Polyporales PSU-ES83 ศิริกานต กันนัย Sirikan Kannai 

S2-P5 Biologically Active Cytochalasins from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. CGLA B8 ธวัชชัย ทองคงแกว Tawahchai Thongkongkaew 

S2-P6 Cyclohexenone, Mellein, Pyrone and Quinone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30 สาธิต บัวดำ Sathit Buadam 

S2-P7 Tetralone, Isocoumarin, δ-Lactone and Naphthol Derivatives from the Seagrass-derived Fungus Xylariales PSU-ES163 จิราพร อรุณพาณิชเลิศ Jiraporn Arunpanichlert 

S2-P8 Microbial Transformation of Neoandrographolide by Aspergillus Species ทิพวรรณ ดวงสงค Tippawan Duandsong 

S2-P9 Bioassay-guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds from Allamanda cathartica. ปสุตา กีรติยาพงษ Pasuta Keeratiyapong 

S2-P10 Chemical Constituents from Rhizomes of Alpinia purpurata ณัฐพัชร สังเฉวก Natthapat Sungchawek 

S2-P11 Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Leaves of Agapetes hosseana พรพนา กรวงษวาล Pornpana Kornwongwan 

S2-P12 Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Hybrid between Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integer กนกวรรณ โตะดี Kanogwan Tohdee 

S2-P13 Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Amomum uliginosum Rhizome วรรณพร ชะเต Wannaporn Chatea 

S2-P14 Polymethoxyflavones from the Leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco (cv. Som Cho Kun) บุสรอ ยะลาแป Busro Yalapae 

S2-P15 Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Citrus hystrix ยุรนันท ศรีสุด Yuranan Srisud 

S2-P16 Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Citrus reticulata Blanco (Som Cho Khun) ณัฐทกาณ หวันลาโสะ Nutthakran Wanlaso 

S2-P17 1-O-Isopropyl-β-D-glucoside Conjugates from Citrus hystrix Fruit Peels จุฑามณี อยูขวัญ Juthamanee Youkwan 

S2-P18 Chemical Constituents from Clausena excavata and Their Biological Activities ถวนันท ศรีพิสุทธิ์ Tawanun Sripisut 

S2-P19 Chemical Constituents from Clausena lansium วิษณุ มณีรัตน Wisanu Maneerat 

S2-P20 Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities from the Roots of Decaschistia parviflora นิคม วงศา Nikhom Wongsa 

S2-P21 Isolation and Structure Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Leaves and Twigs of Diospyros ranongensis (Ebenaceae) ศริญารัชจ ธนสารสุรพงศ Sariyarach Thanasansurapong 

S2-P22 Biflavonoid and Flavonoid Derivatives from the Roots of Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz var. tomentosus จรินทร ศรประสิทธิ์ Jarinthon Sonprasit 

S2-P23 Chemical Constituents from Etlingera littoralis Rhizomes โชติกา จีระพงศ Chotika Jeerapong 

S2-P24 Xanthones from the Twig of Garcinia cowa Roxb. นภาพร เจริญรัมย Napaporn Charoenram 

S2-P25 Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Garcinia speciosa วิรวรรณ อนุอินทร Wirawan Anuin 

S2-P26 Xanthones from the Root of Garcinia fusca Pierre จันทรนรินทร นนทะขาม Jannarin Nontakham 

S2-P27 Labdane-type Diterpenes from the Flowers of Hedychium coronarium กานตชิษชนก สารสุข Ganchitchanuk Sarasuk 

S2-P28 Chemical Constituents from the Twigs of Homalium tomentosum ฐิตา ยอดสวัสดิ์ Thita Yodsawad 

S2-P29 Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Maytenus mekongensis ธิติมา หลินหะตระกูล Thitima Lhinhatrakool 

S2-P30 Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume อรวรรณ เกษแกว Orawan Geskeaw 

S2-P31 C-7 Oxygenated Coumarins from the Fruits of Micromelum minutum รัศมี เหล็กพรม Ratsami Lekphrom 

S2-P32 Chemical Constituents from Murraya koenigii Stems ชลพิสุทธิ์ ตันตาปกุล Cholpisut Tantapakul 

S2-P33 Diterpenoids from the Roots of Premna obtusifolia อับดุลวาหาบ สาและ Abdulwahab Salae 

S2-P34 Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Premna pyramidata ครองขวัญ มนตประสาธน Khrongkwan Monprasart 

4-7 May 2011 (21)

S2-P35 Bioactive Alkaloids from the Tuber of Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng สำอาง หมอกขุนทด Samang Mogkhunto 

S2-P36 Diterpenoids from the Roots of Trigonostemon reidioides ประภากร แคมจันทึก Parphakorn Kaemchantuek 

S2-P37 Chemical Constituents from Dichloromethane Extract of Vernonia scandens Twigs อนุรักษ ใชยลังกา Anuruk Chailungka 

S2-P38 Phenolic Alkanones from Zingiber officinale Rhizomes with Cytotoxic Activity Against Cancer Cell Lines อนันต อธิพรชัย Anan Athipornchai 

S2-P39 Anticancer Compounds in Bran of Black Rice Cultivar Riceberry พนาวัลย สุทธิอาภรณ Panawan Suttiarporn 

S2-P40 Total Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Rice Bran Extract from Colored and Non-colored Thai Rice Cultivars กมลชนก ชากุทน Kamonchanok Chakuton 

S2-P41 The Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds from Corn and Ground Nut Husks by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Solid State Fermentation กีรติ ตันเรือน Keerati Tanruean 

S2-P42 Protein Engineering of OsBADH1 from Rice (Oryza sativa) for Substrate Specificity กุลธิดา เจียมสมบุญ Kultida Jiamsomboon 

S2-P43 The Total Phenolic Contents and Their Antioxidant Activity from Leaves in Different Growth Stage of Thai Glutinous Rice Cultivars จิราภรณ กระแสเทพ Jirapora Krasaetep 

S2-P44 Volatile Metabolite Profile of the Brown Planthopper Resistance Thai Rice Varieties cv. Supan Buri กฤษดา ปติจะ Kitsada Pitija 

S2-P45 Investigation of Metabolites and Precursors Involved in Biosynthetic Pathway of an Aroma วัชรพงษ ชุมพลศรี Watcharapong Chumpolsri 

Compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), in Rice 

S2-P46 Rice Vinegar Production by Using Solid State Fermentation พีรนาฏ ใจมาลัย Peranart Jaimalai 

S2-P47 Chlorophyll-A, B, Total Carotenoids Contents and Phytochemical Screening of Gynura procumbens Extract นิวัฒน แกวสีจันทร Niwat Kaewseejan 

S2-P48 Total Phenol and Anthocyanidin Content of Andidesma thwaitesianum Mll. Arg. Seeds and Marcs Extract ทนงศักดิ์ ราชโยธา Tanongsak Rachyotha 

S2-P49 Black Pepper and Piperine Regulate Cholesterol Transporter Proteins อัจฉราภรณ ดวงใจ Acharaporn Duangjai 

S2-P50 Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors from Kaempferia parviflora ประภาพรรณ เต็มกิจถาวร Prapapan Temkitthawon 

S2-P51 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pluchea indica Less. Leaf Extracts in Macrophage ดวงนภา บัวพูล Doungnapa Buapool 

S2-P52 Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Acute Toxicity of Alpinia purpurata Rhizome Extract เนตรฤทัย หมายชม Nedruthai Maichom 

S2-P53 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Some Selected Plants in the Zingiberaceae Family in RAW264.7 Cells ธีรทัศน สุดสาย Teeratad Sudsai 

S2-P54 Potential for Acrylamide Biodegradation of Kluyvera ascorbata Isolated from Wastewater in Thailand อุทุมพร ธัญญเจริญ Uthumporn Thanyacharoen 

S2-P55 Anti-allergic Activity of Some Selected Plants in the Genus Boesenbergia and Kaempferia ฟามีรา มะดากะ Fameera Madaka 

S2-P56 Effects of Piper betle Leaf and Areca catechu Nut Extracts Against Bacterium Causing Malodor อิงดาว รอดเลี้ยง Ingdao Rodleang 

S2-P57 Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. Root Extracts จุรัญญา ออนลอม Churanya Onlom 

S2-P58 Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity to Human Skin Cell of Artocarpus incisus’s Heartwood Extract ขวัญจิต อิสระสุข Khwunjit Itsarasook 

S2-P59 In vitro Anti-oxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of the Leaf Extracts from Amomum biflorum Jack. เยาวลักษณ เจริญสุข Yaowalak Charoensuk 

S2-P60 Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)’s Bark Extract and Cytotoxicity ปวีณา อมรนพรัตนกุล Paveena Amornnopparattanakul 

of the Extract to Human Skin Fibroblast 

S2-P61 Biological Activities Study of Terminalia Chebula Retzius, Terminalia bellirica and Rafflesia kerrii Meijer Extracts วิจิตรา นิตยใจพรหม Wijittra Nittayajaiprom 

S2-P62 Study of Immunomodulatory Activity of β-Glucan from Wild Mushroom พรทิพา มีพยุง Phonthipa Meephayoong 

S2-P63 Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Inhibitory Effect on Nitric Oxide Production of Etlingera paviena มัลลิกา ปาละโชติ Mullika Palachot 

(Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.Sm. Rhizome Extract 

S2-P64 Lutein and Vitamin E Inhibit UV-B Induced Oxidative Stress in Retinal Epithelial Cells สาธิต เอี่ยมจงจันทร Sathid Aimjongjun 

(22) 


S2-P65 Effect of Vernonia cinerea Less. Extracts on Nicotine-induced Withdrawal Symptoms in Mice พัทธชัย ปนนาค Pattachai Pinnak 

S2-P66 Effects of Thai Edible Plants on Lipofuscin and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Formation in Caenorhabditis elegans ขวัญตา แกวนรินทร Khwanta Kaewnarin 

S2-P67 Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Sericin and Its Effect on Liver Protein Expression ขนิษฐพร ไตรศรัทธ Kanittaporn Trisat 

S2-P68 Sericin Consumption Suppresses Development and Progression of Colon Tumorigenesis in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine–treated Rats วราภรณ แกวคอน Waraporn Kaewkon 

S2-P69 Effect Of Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-1β on Hyaluronan Synthase Gene Expression and Hyaluronan Synthesis นวรัตน วิริยะเขษม Nawarat Viriyakhasem 

S2-P70 Immunostaining Chromatographic Determination of Bacopaside I and Its Application in Metabolic Studies in Rat Model สนธยา สุขยิ่ง Sontaya Sookying 

S2-P71 Effects of Curcuminoids on Ethanol Induced Toxicity in HepG2 Cells and Rats รัตติยา ทองรุง Ruttiya Thongrung 

S2-P72 Antimetastatic Effect of Isomorellinol in Human Cholangiocarcinoma KKU-M156 Cells ฐิติพร สหกุลบุญญรักษ Thitiporn Sahagunboonyarak 

S2-P73 Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest by Rhinacanthin-C in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines วิศนุกร พุทธบาล Wissanukorn Puthabaln 

S2-P74 Effect of Cyclopentanone–anthracene Adducts on Activity of Cytochrome P450 ลัดดาวัลย พจนพรหมมณี Laddawan Potprommanee 

S2-P75 Identification of Endophytic Actinomycete by 16S rRNA Sequence จุฬาลักษณ แตงอ่ำ Julaluck Tang-um 

S2-P76 Endophytic Fungi from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Which Produced Antimicrobial Substances จุฑาทิพย จีนแกวเปยม Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam 

S2-P77 Callus Production from Drumstick Trees (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as an Alternative Source of Enzymes and Secondary Metabolites ปฐมา อุดมสันติ Patama Udomsanti 

S2-P78 Screening for Antimicrobial Substance Producing Actinomycetes from Soil สุนันทา สวัสดี Sunanta Sawasdee 

S2-P79 Proteomic Analyses of Rat Liver Proteins Affected by “Trikatu” A Thai Herbal Formulation ชาติชาย ไชยชนะ Chartchai Chaichana 

S2-P80 Proteome Analysis of Murine Macrophage Cell in Response to EAMA จิรภา จันทิมาลย Jirapa Chantiman 

S2-P81 Proteomic Study of Proteins Involved in 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline Biosynthesis in Isogenic Rice Seedlings อภิญญา วงศเปย Aphinya Wongpia 

S2-P82 Molecular Cloning of Alpha-amylase Inhibitor from Kaw Dok Mali 105 Indica Rice นัฐวุธ พุมศิลา Natthawut Poomsila 

S2-P83 Development of Heamorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine Using Microencapsulation Technique ภัทรนภา นิ่มตระกูล Pataranapa Nimtrakul 

S2-P84 Change in Biochemical Composition of Spermatozoa from Cryopreserved Seabass (Lates calcarifer) milt. พัชรี คลายวัฒนะ Patcharee Klaiwattana 

S2-P85 Development of Facial Cream Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract Loaded Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) ณุกัญญา ตกตน Nukanya Tokton 

S2-P86 Potential of Broussonetia papyrifera Leaf Extract as a Whitening Agent สุรัติวดี ทั่งมั่งมี Suradwadee Thungmungmee 

S2-P87 Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts for Application in Cosmetics as Skin Anti-aging สวรรยา ยาแกว Swanya Yakaew 

S2-P88 Development of Hydrogel Patch Containing Breadfruit’s Heartwood Extract for Application in Skin Lightening จุฑาทิพย ขวัญแกว Jutatip Kwankaew 

S2-P89 Whitening Activities of Bio-actives, Extracted from Stem of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) with Different Solvents ชินดนัย ใยระยา Shindanai Yairaya 

S2-P90 Skin Wound Healing Promoting Effect of Some Thai Medicinal Plant Extracts on ex-vivo Porcine Skin Wound Healing Model รัชนี คำลือ Ratchanee Kumlue 

S2-P91 Development of Nanoemulsion Containing Asparagus racemosus Extract Complexation ธรรมนูญ รุงสังข Tammanoon Rungsang 

S2-P92 Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing GABA อรรถวิช ภักดีอาษา Atthawith PAkdee-asa 

S2-P93 Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Asparagus racemosus Extract จิรศิต อินทร Jirasit Inthorn 

S2-P94 Chitosan-dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles for Lutein Delivery: Preliminary Preparation and Characterization วรรณฉัตร ใจยะสัน Wanachat Chaiyasan 

S2-P95 The Relation between UV Absorption and Color of Sericin Extracts from Polyvoltine (Nang-Noi), Bivoltine (SW1), สุพัฒศร เชื้อลี Supatsorn Chuelee 

Eri (Philosamia Cynthhia ricini) and Fagara (Attacus atlas Linn.) Silk Cocoons 

S2-P96 Development of Sericin Nanoparticles Using Water in Silicone Emulsion Technique ฐาปนา อรชุน Thapana Orachun 

4-7 May 2011 (23)

S2-P97 Thiourea-base Charge Neutral Host Molecule with Methanol รัฏฐา หนูราช Rattha Noorat 

S2-P98 The Deacylation of Aminoacyl-tRNAs: Mechanistic Study Using Linear Free Energy Relationship ณิชาภา ชนะวังเมือง Nichapa Chanawungmuang 

S2-P99 Development of Cell-based Model for NFAT Nuclear-cytoplasm Translocation for Bioactive Immuno-modulator Screening นิคม นาคสุพรรณ Nikhom Naksupan 

S2-P100 Mapping Molecular Evolution of the Non-discriminating Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase (ND-AspRS) from Helicobacter pylori วิโรจน ลิขิตตระกูลวงศ Wirot Likittrakulwong 

S2-P101 Conformation Analysis of 8-Hydroxy Germacrene B Using Variable-temperature NMR Spectroscopy จักรินทร ศรีวิไล Jukkarin Srivilai 

S2-P102 An Effort toward Structural Study and Domain Communication in the Non-discriminating Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase (ND-AspRS) พิชญดา เฟองฟูลอย Pitchayada Fuengfuloy 

from the Human Pathogen Helicobacter pylori 

S2-P103 Efficacy Immobilization of Peptide Nucleic Acid on Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles for DNA Sequencing กฤษฎา ตันกันยา Kritsada Tankanya 

S2-P104 A Coumarin-based Ratiometric and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Magnesium Ions กนกอร เวชกรณ Kanokorn Wechakorn 

S2-P105 Design of Novel Compounds as Potential DPP-4 Inhibitors ไชยยันต ทาวมะลิ Chaiyun Taomali 

S2-P106 Molecular Design of Anticancer Drug Derivatives of Microtubule Inhibitors by Molecular Docking and ADMET Methods พิรดา สุดประเสริฐ Pirada Sudprasert 

S2-P107 Synthesis of an Acid Labile Reagent for the Purification of Specific tRNAs สุวิมล สืบคา Suwimon Suebka 

S2-P108 Synthesis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Substrate Analogs for the AsptRNA(Asn)/Glu-tRNA(Gln) กฤษณา กลิ่นจันทร Krisana Klinchan 

Amidotransferase (Asp/GluADT) from Helicobacter pylori 

S2-P109 Multifunctional Polar Head Cholesterol-based Cationic Lipids for DNA Delivery น้ำฝน เบาทองคำ Namfon Baowthongkum 

S2-P110 The Electrostatic Polarization is Essential to Differentiate the Helical Propensity in Polyalanine Mutants Wei Caiyi 

S2-P111 Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Natural Amide Analogues Using Reusable Linker ณัฐธิสา นิยมธรรม Nattisa Niyomtham 

S2-P112 Silica Supported Base in Organic Synthesis ปริญทิพย รัตนบุรี Parintip Rattanaburi 

S2-P113 Enzyme Responsive Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tumor Intracellular Drug Delivery and Imaging Yanmei Yang 

S2-P114 Synthesis and of Cationic Lipids with Ether Spacer between Cationic Head and Linker for DNA Delivery ขนิษฐา รุงวิทยวทัญู Khanitha Roongwitwathunyoo 

S2-P115 Synthesis of Cationic Lipids Having Triterpene as a Hydrophobic Tail วิศิษฎ แซจิ๋ว Wisith Saejew 

S2-P116 Effect of Arginine Side Chain Length and Charge on Helix Formation and Capping Energetics, Cell Penetration, and RNA Recognition Cheng-Hsun Wu 

S2-P117 Reduced Ecdysteroid Analogue with Plant Growth Regulating Activity ศศิธร กลิ่นสาคร Sasithorn Klinsakorn 

S2-P118 Chemically Modified Analogues of 3-Hydroxyflavanones, Khonklonginols ศานิตย ทองเนตร Sanit Thongnest 

S2-P119 Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 2-Deoxy-2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl Glycosides ญาดา ศิริจันทร Yada Sirichan 

S2-P120 Synthesis of Bioreductive Anticancer Agents of Zerumbone Derivatives from Zingiber zerumbet Smith สิริพิศ พิศชวนชม Siripit Pitchuanchom 

S2-P121 Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Fmoc-Aeg-Artemisinin-OtBu Oligomers in HT-29 Cells สุพรรณี โพธิ์ทองคำ Supannee Phothonkam 

S2-P122 Synthesis of Anti-cancer Hydroxynaphthoquinone Derivatives วันทนีย แพงศรี Wanthani Paengsri 

S2-P123 Synthesis of Eugenol Derivatives for Anasthetic Test in Aquatic Animals ฐิติพงษ คำเคน Thitiphong Khumkhen 

S2-P124 Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Fluvastatin Derivatives ธัญญะ รักษกิจการ Thanya Rukkijak 

S2-P125 Synthesis of Capsaicin Analogues as a Novel Anti-pain Agent ธเนศ เหลารบ Thanet Laorob 

S2-P126 Synthesis of Capsiate Analogues as a Novel Anti-Pain Agent ปรินธร เอี่ยมสะอาด Parintorn Eiamsa-ard 

S2-P127 Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity Against NCI-H187 Cell Line of (1E,4E,6E)-Heptatrien-3-one Analogues of Curcuminoids ทิพวรรณ จูประจบ Thipphawan Chuprajob 

(24) 


S2-P128 Efficient Synthesis of Anti-tumor Activity of Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines Chung-Yu Chen 

S2-P129 A New Synthetic Approach to Oseltamivir Phosphate from D-Mannose ณัฐวัชร เชื้อนพรัตน Nutthawat Chuanopparat 

S2-P130 Synthesis of Tamiflu from D-Glucose สุนิสา อัคคะรัสมิโย Sunisa Akkarasamiyo 

S2-P131 Plant Growth Regulating Action of 5α-Ecdysteroid Analogue ดรุณี เจนการ Darunee Chenkan 

S2-P132 Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Simple Diols Jian Zhang 

S2-P133 Synthetic Strategy to α-gem-Difluoromethylenated Bicyclic Compounds ธีรชัย ภูนิรันดร Teerachai Punirun 

S2-P134 Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Eudesmadiene-12,6-olide Yu-Yu Chou 

S2-P135 Fluoride-catalyzed Addition of PhSCF 2 

TMS to Succinic Anhydrides: Synthetic Approach to gem-Difluoromethylated γ-Lactams วรรณภา ไพรครบุรี Vannapha Pharikronburee 

S2-P136 Microwave-accelerated Preparation of 5-Ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl-[α,α,β,β-H 4 

]- and [α,α,β,β-D 4 

]-Tryptamines รัชนก เธียรวาริช Ruchanok Tearavarich 

S2-P137 Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction of Chiral Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentenones ชลธิชา มะสุใส Chonticha Masusai 

S2-P138 Camphorquinone-mediated Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation by Oxidation-reduction Condensation ปรินทร เต็มญารศิลป Parinthorn Temyarasilp 

S2-P139 Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones by the Reaction of Aryl Sulfinates with Alkenes and Alkynes แพรวพรรณ กาศรุณ Praewpan Katrun 

S2-P140 Molecular Iodine Mediated the Reaction of Aryl Sulfinates with Alkenes and Alkynes: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones ทัศพร แสวงผล Tassaporn Sawangphon 

S2-P141 Difluorophenylsulfanylmethane: A New Alternative Electrophilic Formylating Agent of Aromatic Compounds in HFIP โสภณัฐ คงศรีประพันธุ Sopanat Kongsriprapan 

S2-P142 Efficient Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepines and 2-Vinyl Indolines via Gold Catalyzed Dewi Susanti 

Cyclization of 2-Tosylaminophenyl Cyclopropyl Methanols 

S2-P143 Rhodium-catalyzed Homocoupling of (1-Acyloxyvinyl)silanes: Synthesis of 1,3-Diene-2,3-diyl Diesters and Their Derivatives Yanni Yue 

S2-P144 Palladium(0) Mediated Heck-type Reactions of (Bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene นคินทร สุรพานิช Nakin Surapanich 

S2-P145 Synthesis of Pterosin A via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions Shao-Chian Hsu 

S2-P146 Synthesis of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production สิริพร คงนิยาย Siriporn Kongniyai 

S2-P147 A New Fluorine-containing Chiral Derivatizing Agent for Determination of Absolute Configuration of Secondary Alcohols กุลวดี ดลโสภณ Kulvadee Dolsophon 

S2-P148 Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based High-performance Space-charge-limited Transistor with Well-ordered Nanoporous Aluminum Base Electrode Kun-Yang Wu 

S2-P149 The Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes with Osmium Clusters Liu Yu 

S2-P150 [3+2] Cycloaddition on Carbohydrate Templates: Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines Shuting Cai 

S2-P151 Application of Benzotriazoles as Mild and Stable Esterifying Agents พัทจารี เทียบแสน Pattajaree Teabsaen 

S2-P152 Benzoin Condensation Catalyzed by N,N-Dimethylbenzimidazolium Iodide in Aqueous Medium วิจิตรา แวงดงบัง Wijitra Waengdongbung 

S2-P153 Study, Development and Application of a Novel Multi-component Reaction in Heterocyclic Chemistry Florian Schevenels 

S2-P154 Synthesis and Characterization of D-π-A Dyes Having Oligothiophene π-Conjugated Bridges for DSCs นิตยา จันทะสิงห Nittaya Janthasing 

S2-P155 Synthesis Toward Conjugated Thiophene-quinone Systems เดือนเพ็ญ อุนเจริญ Duenpen Unjaroen 

S2-P156 Carbazole-Thianapthene Derivatives as Emitting Materials for OLED ศักดิ์ระวี พันสาย Sakravee Punsay 

S2-P157 An Efficient Synthesis of Dinaphthothiophene Derivatives การุณย สาดออน Karoon Sadorn 

S2-P158 Synthesis and Characterization of Bulky D-D-π-A Type Organic Dyes for DSCs เทอดเกียรติ แกวเพวง Teadkait Kaewpuang 

S2-P159 Pyrene Derivatives: Synthesis and Their Photo- , Electrochemical and Electroluminescence Properties กิจณิชญ เนรานนท Kitjanit Neranon 

4-7 May 2011 (25)

S2-P160 Synthesis and Characterization of N-Coumarin Derivatives for OLEDs ทิติยา สุนนทนาม Thitiya Sunonnam 

S2-P161 An Alternative Non-photochemical Approach Toward [9]-Heterohelicenebisquinone นันทิยา บุญบำรุง Nantiya Bunbamrug 

S2-P162 Carbazole Dendronized O-Coumarins as Electroluminescent Materials for OLEDs สิรินทรา พจนาโสภา Sirintra Potjanasopa 

S2-P163 Synthesis and Characterization of D-π-A Dyes Having Carbazole Dendrons as Donor for DSCs อมรรัตน แทงทอง A-monrat Thangthong 

S2-P164 D-π-A Type Organic Dyes with Oligo(phenyl fluorene) as π-Conjugation for DSSCs ปาลิตา คชประดิษฐ Palita Kochpradist 

S2-P165 Analysis of Organic Components in Bio-oils from Tea Waste by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry เรือนทรัพย เจริญผล Rueansap Charoenphon 

Session S3 - Materials Science and Nanotechnology 

Coordinators: Sumpun Wongnawa / Sujittra Youngme / Ruangsri Watanesk / Apisit Songsasen / Apinpus Rujiwatra / Chanaiporn Danvirutai / Kanidtha Hansongnern / Sunan Saikrasun 

Supranee Kaewpirom / Siwaporn Meejoo Amith / Sayant Saengsuwan / Taweesak Sudyoadsuk 

S3-P1 Fabrication and Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalyst CaO Supported on Silica for Biodiesel Pilot Plan ภาวิณี พงษวัน Pawinee Pongwan 

S3-P2 Ligninolytic Enzymes Secreted by Lentinus polychrous Lv. and their Potential Application for Black Liquor from Paper Industry Decolorization วิภาวดี บุดดา Wipawadee Budda 

S3-P3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange by Using ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO ณัตติยา เรืองทิพย Nattiya Reungtip 

S3-P4 Treatment of Methylene Blue by Titanium Dioxide Supported Charcoal from Corncob (TiO 2 

/C) รัศณีญา ทับปลา Rassaniya Tabpla 

S3-P5 Preparation and Characterization of N-S Co-doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst วัลลภา จิตตเจียรนัย Wanlapa Chitchiaranai 

S3-P6 Screening and Characterization of Fungal Lipase from Soil ปรีดาพร ยศเมฆ Preedaporn Yotmek 

S3-P7 Screening and Characterization of Bacterial Lipase from Soil สุธาสินี นาคนอย Suthasinee Naknoi 

S3-P8 Chemical Analysis in Virgin Coconut Oil สุนีย ชินโคตร Sunee Chinkort 

S3-P9 Corundum Alumina Supported Strontium as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production ศิต บุญชูชวย Zit Boonchuchauy 

S3-P10 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Catalyzed by Cu/Bidentate Ligand with Ferrocene Moiety อุดมชัย เทวะเศกสรรค Udomchai Tewasekson 

S3-P11 Copper Complexes Featuring Tripodal “Click” Ligand นงลักษณ ขุนโอษฐ Nonglak Khunoad 

S3-P12 Copper-catalyzed ATRP of MMA Supported by Click-substituted Tripodal Ligands เพิ่มพูน ใหมโสภา Purmpoon Maisopa 

S3-P13 Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Incorporated Mesoporous Silica ภารวี ธนานุภาพไพศาล Pharawee Thananupappaisal 

S3-P14 Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Nitrogen and Iron(III) Co-doped TiO2 ภัทรศยา ทรงคำ Patsaya Songkhum 

S3-P15 Development of Asymmetric Catalysts for Diethylzinc Addition Reaction ปณณพัฒน โชติมงคลทรัพย Pannapat Chotmongkolsap 

S3-P16 Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Produced with SrO/Al2O3 Solid Base Catalyst อธิตยา อารีย Atitaya Aree 

S3-P17 Synthesis of Complexes Supported by Nitrogen-based Tetradentate Ligands Featuring “Click Reaction” กรรณิกา สิทธิสุวรรณกุล Kannika Sitthisuwannakul 

S3-P18 Synthesis and Characterization of the Single-site N2O2 Tin(II) Complexes for Ring-opening Polymerization of Lactide ศิริวรรณ พราบรรณ Siriwan Praban 

S3-P19 Transesterification of Vegetable Oils from Different Sources Catalyzed by Catalysts Prepared by Using Vermicelli as a Template ศศิณิฎา คงแชมดี Sasinida Khongchamdee 

S3-P20 Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Catalyzed by Ferricinium Doped-MnO2 อัจจนา ขำทิพย Achjana Khamthip 

S3-P21 Synthesis of Stereo-block Polylactide ศรีสุดา ปาทำมา Srisuda Patamma 

S3-P22 Synthesis and Characterization of Tin(II) Complexes for the Polymerization of Cyclic Esters ปาริชาติ ภิรมจิตรผอง Parichat Piromjitpong 

S3-P23 Synthesis and Characterizations of Tin(II) Complexes Containing 2-Iminopyrrolyl Ligands ศดานันท เกิดโพชา Sadanan Kerdpocha 

(26) 


S3-P24 Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles on C-C Bond Forming in the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction พัชรินทร แกวมาธิ Patcharin Kaewmati 

S3-P25 Degradation of Dye Using M(II)-Titanium Compound Photocatalyst เพชรดาว กาเราะ Petdaw Karoh 

S3-P26 Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye by TiO2 Doped with Some Anions สุธาทิพย เจียรศิริ Sutatip Jiansiri 

S3-P27 Photocatalytic Activities of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-gel Dip-coating Method กนกวรรณ ทองสุริวงศ Kanokwan Thongsuriwong 

S3-P28 Photocatalytically Active Amorphous TiO2 Doped with M(III) Ions สุพัฒน บุตรดี Supat Buddee 

S3-P29 Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Using Ag – TiO2 Catalyst ฮาซัน ดอปอ Hasan Dopo 

S3-P30 Kinetic Studies of Polyesterification of D-Lactic Acid อนุชิต แถมสุข Anuchit Thaemsuk 

S3-P31 Theoretical Study of Ring-opening Polymerization of ε–Caprolactone Initiated by Tin(II) Alkoxides ชาญชัย สัตยนนท Chanchai Sattayanon 

S3-P32 Kinetic Studies of the Titanium(IV) Alkoxide-initiated Bulk Ring-opening Polymerization วิจิตรา มีเหลือ Wijitra Meelua 

of ε-Caprolactone by Differential Scanning Calorimetry 

S3-P33 A New Recipe for Studying the Chemical Oscillation in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction ฐิติกานต สมบูรณ Titikan Somboon 

S3-P34 Turbulence Pattern in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction ศุภรินทร อนุพงศ Suparinthon Anupong 

S3-P35 Effect of Large Particle TiO 2 

Content in Light Scattering Layer on the Efficiency of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell สมภพ มรดา Somphop Morada 

S3-P36 Theoretical Investigation of Carbazole-fluorene Derivatives for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs): DFT and TD-DFT Study เยาวรัตน สุระโคตร Yaowarat Surakhot 

S3-P37 Optimization of Multilayer TiO 2 

Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) ธีรวัชร เนาวนนท Theerawat Naowanon 

S3-P38 Preparation of Novel Gel Polyelectrolyte for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells ฐิตาพร ขวัญประชาธรรม Thitaporn Kwanprachatham 

S3-P39 The Preparation Pt-based Ternary Catalysts Support on Treated Carbon N115 by Reflux Method for PEMFC ศิวัช ตั้งประเสริฐ Siwat Thungprasert 

S3-P40 Structural Study of Iron-arrowroot Starch and Iron-cassava Starch in the Solution by EXAFS อัจชลีญา จิณเสน Atchaleeya Jinasan 

S3-P41 (Fe, Sb, Cu or Zn)-doped Tin Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis: Doping Influence จำเนียร พุฒพันธ Jumnain Putpan 

on the Structural and Optical Properties of Film 

S3-P42 Preparation and Characterization of Iron Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films by Dip-coating Technique ประพันธ เคนทาว Praphan Kenthao 

S3-P43 Preparation of Fluorine Doped SnO 2 

Nanoparticle by Sol-gel Method พงศธร ทองกระสี Pongsathorn Thongkasee 

S3-P44 Improvement of the Properties of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash-geopolymer with Aluminum Hydroxide ศิวานันท ไทยวิชญเจริญ Siwanant Thaiwitcharoen 

S3-P45 The Effect of Microwave Curing on the Properties of Fly–ash Geopolymer สมภพ แตบวนฮวด Sompop Taebuanhuad 

S3-P46 Adsorption Kinetics of Extracted Dye from Artocarpus heterophyllus onto Cotton ชไมพร อินชู Chamaiporn Inchoo 

S3-P47 Preparation of Meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensing for Determination of Metal Cation เธียรกุล กังวานวงษ Tienkul Kangwanwong 

S3-P48 Anion Recognitions of Disubstituted Isophthalamide-base Anion Receptors: Experimental and Theoretical Studies เรณู สวางศรี Ranu Sawangsri 

S3-P49 Structural, Electronic and Gas Adsorption Properties of Transition Metal Doped Boron Nitride Nanotubes: A Theoretical Study ศราวุฒิ ตนตะภา Sarawut Tontapha 

S3-P50 A Theoretical Study of Anion Recognition Based on bis-Thiourea Derivative Receptor วันดี รักไร Wandee Rakrai 

S3-P51 Adsorption and Thermodynamic of Reactive Dyes onto Chitosan ยุวรัตน อินทรเชื้อ Yuwarat Inchue 

S3-P52 DFT Calculations of Ferrocenylbenzoic Acid and Its Derivatives ประทานพร ชวนประสิทธิ์ Pratanphorn Chuanprasit 

S3-P53 Effects of Solid Lipid to Drug Distribution in Lipid Nanoparticles นัฐกาญจน ระหงษ Natthakarn Rahong 

S3-P54 Nanoparticulate Matters in the Atmospheric Environment of Songkhla,Thailand ไพจิตรา ชัยชะนะ Paichittra Chaichana 

4-7 May 2011 (27)

S3-P55 Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Mononuclear Mixed-ligand Silver(I) Complexes of Triphenylphosphine and Acetylthiourea ปยะพงษ จันทรมาศ Piyapong Jantaramas 

S3-P56 Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Binuclear Copper(I) Complexes Containing Phenylthiourea ฤทัยรัตน นิ่มทอง Ruthairat Nimthong 

and Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane Bridges 

S3-P57 Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Dinuclear Copper Complex with 2,22 -Bipyridine and N-Cyanoaniline วัฒนา เรืองวุฒิ Wattana Ruangwut 

S3-P58 Study on The Complex Formation between Curcumin with Some Metal Ions ชไมภรณ เฉลิมวรรณ Chamaiporn Chalermwan 

S3-P59 Interaction of Cu(II) Ion with Malva Nut Fiber ณาฏวดี เอี่ยวเจริญ Natwadee Eowjarern 

S3-P60 Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 

(azine)](PF 6 

) 2 

(dcbpy = 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, azine = 2-(phenylazo)pyrazine) นุดา หวาหลำ Nuda Walam 


(3aazpy)](PF 6 

) 2 

, (dcbpy = 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine,3aazpy = 3-amino-2-(phenylazo)pyridine) ทัศนีย โรมินทร Thassanee Romin 

S3-P62 Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of a Ru(II)-azoimine Complex: A Light Harvesting วาสนา รื่นเริง Wasana Runrueng 

Dye Promising Application in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell 

S3-P63 Study of Interaction between Some Metal Ions and Malva Nut กนกกาญจน เกตุเกิดเกลา Kahnokkan Kedkoedklao 

S3-P64 Surface Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-gel Method พัชรี จงนวกิจ Patcharee Jongnavakit 

S3-P65 Synthesis and Characterization of the Ruthenium(II) Complex Containing 4-4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine and 2,6-(Diphenylazo)pyridine สุกานตภิรมย ศิริธรรม Sukanpirom siritam 

S3-P66 Synthesis and Characterization of the Ruthenium(II) Complex Containing 4,4’-Dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridine and ภราดร วารีศรี Paradorn Wareesri 

4-Methyl-2-(phenylazo)pyridine Ligands 


(5mazpy)](PF 6 

) 2 

(dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, 5mazpy = นันทนัช ยาทิพย Nanthanach Yathip 

5-methyl-2-(phenylazo)pyridine) 

S3-P68 Synthesis and Characterization of the [Ru(dcbpy) 2 

(bsazpy)](PF 6 

) 2 

Complex (dcbpy = 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, อลิษา บือราเฮง Alisa Buerahenga 

bsazpy = 2-(phenylazo)benzothizole) 

S3-P69 Synthesis, Characterizations and Fluorescence Properties of Chalcones and Heteroaryl Chalcone Derivatives ธวัลรัตน กอบเกียรติถวิล Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin 

S3-P70 Synthesis and Effect of Substituent Groups on Fluorescent Properties of New Hydrazone Derivatives พัชราภรณ จันทรศรีสวางวงค Patcharaporn Jansrisewangwong 

S3-P71 The Effect of Substituted Groups and Solvent Polarity on Fluorescence Property of Nicotinonitrile Derivatives ฐิติพร สุวรรณวงศ Thitipone Suwunwong 

S3-P72 Effect of 4-Substituent on Aromatic Moiety of 4-[(4-Substituted benzylidene)amino]benzenesulfonic Acid Derivatives ภูมิศักดิ์ เรือนวาส Pumsak Ruanwas 

to Their Fluorescent Properties 

S3-P73 Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of MFe 2 

O 4 

(M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) Ceramics Prepared by Sol-gel Process รวิพงษ วงศนิล Rawiphong Wongnin 

S3-P74 Synthesis and Characterization of Thiocyanate-Bridge Co II –Cu II Bimetallic Complex: [CoCu(2,2'-bpy) 2 

(SCN) 2 

Cl 2 

] สิทธิชัย พานจำนงค Sittichai Phanjamnong 

S3-P75 Rapid and Energy Saving Route Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Hydroxyphosphat สายฝน กัลยากุล Saifon Kullyakool 

S3-P76 Effects of Calcining Temperature on Structural and Dielectric Properties of LiAlNiO Giant Dielectric Materials ชุลีรัตน พันธุยาง Chulirat Phanyang 

S3-P77 Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Copper (II) with 1,10-phenanthroline Ligand นิตยา ทุยเวียง Nittaya Thuyweang 

S3-P78 DNA Purine Base-binding to (N-(Methylpyridin-2-yl)-amidino-O-methylurea)copper(II) Chloride รมยระวี ประทุมเวียง Romrawee Pratumwieng 

S3-P79 Formation of CuO-Montmorillonite Hybrid ณัฐพร ขำชู Nuttaporn Khumchoo 

S3-P80 Magneto-structural Correlations in Ferromagnetic Triply Bridged Dinuclear Cu(II) Compounds นันทวัฒน วรรณฤทธิ์ Nanthawat Wannarit 

Containing Carboxylato and Hydroxo Bridges 

(28) 


S3-P81 Study of Physical Properties of Li 0.30 

Cr 0.02 

Ni 0.68 

O Powders Prepared by Sol-gel Process with Varying Cross-linking Agents บัวหลัน คุมไพทูลย Bualan Khumpaitool 

S3-P82 Thermal Dehydration Kinetics of LiZnPO 4 

H 2 

O นันทวัท ผลจันทร Nantawat Phonchan 

S3-P83 The Studies of Dehydration Mechanism of Potassium Nickel Phosphate Monohydrate พิทยากรณ นอยทรงค Pittayagorn Noisong 

S3-P84 Carbazole Dendronized Triphenylamines as High Tg Amorphous Hole-transporting Materials for OLEDs ปรีชา มูลสิน Preecha Moonsin 

S3-P85 Hydrogen-bonding Supramolecular Assembly of cis-Diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline-K 2 

N,N’) nickel(II) Nitrate โยธิน ฉิมอุปละ Yothin Chimupala 

S3-P86 CTAB-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide Microflowers อรนุช ยะยาเปา Oranuch Yayapao 

S3-P87 Luminescence of Uniform LaPO 4 

Nanorods Synthesized by a Facial Microwave Method หนึ่งฤทัย เอกธรรมทัศน Nuengruethai Ekthammathat 

S3-P88 Synthesis of α-MoO 3 

Nanobelts by Facile Hydrothermal Method and Its Optical Properties หทัย สินอิ่ม Hathai Sinaim 

S3-P89 Degradation Behaviors of Eri Silk Fibroin Exposure to Protease Enzymes ชุลีรัตน วงศณรัตน Chuleerat Wongnarat 

S3-P90 Effect of Silk Concentration on Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers คัทลียา ครองยุติ Kuttaleeya Krongyut 

S3-P91 Preparation and Characterization of Porous and Crosslinked Styrene Based Copolymers พรพรรณ สีลาผอง Pornpun Seelaphong 

S3-P92 Adsorption of Cu 2+ Ions on Chelating Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymer Micro-beads นิตยา เตยหลา Nittaya toeyla 

S3-P93 Curing Characteristics of UV-curable Coating based on Urethane Acrylate Oligomer ดาภะวัลย คุณวงค Dapawan Kunwong 

S3-P94 Synthesis and Modification of Polymeric Adsorbent Microspheres Containing Epoxy Groups for Cd(II) Removal วิภาวดี ทองนาค Wiphawadee Thongnak 

S3-P95 Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable PLA/starch Blends ศศิประภา นราพันธ Sasiprapa Naraphan 

S3-P96 Surface Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticle with External Stimuli-responsive Polymer via ATRP and Click Reaction ภาวิณี เทียมดี Pawinee Theamdee 

S3-P97 Polysiloxane-poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate Amphiphilic Block Copolymer บัณฑิต ทองออน Bandit Thong-On 

Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 

S3-P98 Sorbitol Derivatives for Using as a Nucleating Agent and Their Effect on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber ธนิตา สุทธะตั้ง Thanita Sutthatang 

S3-P99 Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted Carboxymethyl Chitosan นันทรักษ รอดเกตุ Nantharak Rodkate 

S3-P100 Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte-grafted Magnetite Nanoparticle พัชรินทร กันหาเขียว Patcharin Kanhakeaw 

S3-P101 Influences of Cassava Starch on the Mechanical Properties and Degradation Behavior of LDPE/impact Modifier Blends สุนันท วิจิตขจี Sunan Wichitkhachee 

S3-P102 The Depletion of the Lubricant Films After Being Heated by a Laser Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy สุทธิลักษณ สุขทนารักษ Suttilak Suktanarak 

S3-P103 Magnetite Nanoparticles Stabilized with Polydimethylsiloxane Brush ศิรประภา มีรอด Siraprapa Meerod 

S3-P104 Effects of Chemical Linkers on Color Switching Behaviors and Fluorescence Properties of ชนิตา ขนันทอง Chanita Khanantong 

Polydiacetylene Assemblies Prepared from Diamidodiacetylene Monomers 

S3-P105 Improvement of Adhesion between High Density Polyethylene Fiber and Cementitious Matrix ฐาปณี วงศปรีดี Thapanee Wongpredee 

S3-P106 Rheological, Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Bound Rubber of NBR Filled with Precipitated Silica and TESPT มนุเชศวร นิลวงษ Manuchet Nillawong 

S3-P107 Chitosan/Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Polymer Particles as Drug Delivery Carriers ณัฏฐชิสา มหัทธนาดุลย Natshisa Mahattanadul 

S3-P108 Formulation Development for the Production of Packaging Film from Poly(L-lactide) Modified with Cellulose Acetate Butyrate พิมภนิจภา กันทาดง Pimpanitpa Kunthadong 

S3-P109 Preparation of Plai Oil Nanoemulsion Using Chitosan-SDS Complex as an Emulsifying Agent กรรญาพร พุมดวง Kunyaporn Pumduang 

S3-P110 Synthesis of Quaternized Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery Application ดลพวรรณ ตันวิลัย Dolphawan Tanwilai 

S3-P111 Adhesion Improvement of Natural Rubber/Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber (XNBR) Interface by Blending XNBR with Polychloroprene สุรชัย ศิริพัฒน Surachai Siripat 

4-7 May 2011 (29)

S3-P112 Modification of Natural Rubber to Improve Compatibility between Rubber and Filler Phases ดวงฤทัย ศรีนุน Duangruthai Srinun 

S3-P113 The Study of Functionalized Natural Rubber by UV Radiation as a Continuous Process บงกช กุลจิตร Bongkot Kulajit 

S3-P114 Nanostructure of Protein-lipid membrane of Natural Rubber Particle from Hevea Brasiliensis by Atomic Force Microscopy รัฐภูมิ กาละ Ruttapoom Kalah 

S3-P115 Rheological Study for Predicting Molecular Characteristics of Polyethylene Melts ยอดปรารถนา สมณะ Yodpradthana Samana 

S3-P116 A Study of Reinforcement in Fluoroelastomer (FKM) สุพัฒน เจริญศิลป Supat Charoensilp 

S3-P117 Preparation of Polyethylene Porous Membrane วิสรินทร นาควัชระ Wisarin Nakwatchara 

S3-P118 Enhancement of NBR-CB Interaction by the Use of Functionalized Liquid Polybutadiene กรรณิกา หัตถะปะนิตย Kannika Hatthapanit 

S3-P119 Preparation and Electrical Properties of PVA/CNT Films อำนวย เลิศพันธวงศ Amnuey Lertpuntawong 

S3-P120 Preparation and Study of Polypropylene/Macca Charcoal Composite ๛bers ชาติชาย สรฤทยางกูร Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor 

S3-P121 Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Blends for Drug Delivery วิชุดา นันทกาศรี Wichuda Nanthakasri 

S3-P122 Effect of Silk Surface Modification Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on Adsorption กัลยาณี บุญหลา Kanlayanee Boonla 

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Lac Dyeing on Silk 

S3-P123 Uniaxially Oriented Short PALF Reinforced PP Composites: Fibre Content and Mechanical Properties นันทยา เกงเขตรกิจ Nanthaya Kengkhetkit 

S3-P124 Preparation of Injectable Polymeric Implants from Tri-component Copolymers of D,L-Lactide, วรรณรงค คำเหลา Wannarong Khamlao 

Epsilon-caprolactone, and Poly(ethylene glycol) 

S3-P125 Versatile PLGA-PEG-PLGA Rods as Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Chemotherapy ธารารัตน จันเลน Tararat Chanlen 

S3-P126 UV-induced Grafting of Poly(acrylic Acid)(PAA) onto Silica Nanoparticles ประภาสินี จิระสุโข Prapasinee Jirasukho 

S3-P127 Properties Characterization of Silk Fibroin-Rice Starch Blend Film by Differential Scanning อนุชา รักสันติ Anucha Racksanti 

Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 

S3-P128 An Approach on Blending Silk Fibroin with Polymers for Eco-friendly Food Packaging Films ภูษิตา คูชัยภูมิ Pusita Kuchaiyaphum 

S3-P129 Adsorption Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Sodium Polyacrylate on Ceramic Glaz อภิรดี เทิดพุทธคุณ Apiradee Terdputtakun 

S3-P130 Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber with Soft Nanomatrix Structure รัชนีวรรณ ศุทธางกรู Ratchaniwan Sutthangkul 

S3-P131 Preparation of Composite Macca charcoal/PET Fibers วรรณิตา เลิศชีวานันท Wannita Lerdcheewanan 

S3-P132 Study of Stability of PNADNA and PNAPNA Duplexes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations วัชราภรณ ไชยทุม Watcharaporn Chaiyatoom 

S3-P133 Computational Alanine Scanning and Binding Free Energy for Predicting Mutations of scFv Anti-p17 พันธุทิพย ถือเงิน Panthip Tue-ngeun 

S3-P134 Molecular Simulation of HIV-1 p17 Epitope Adsorbed on Polystyrene ภาคภูมิ ตาอินทร Pakpoom Ta-intorn 

S3-P135 Molecular Docking Studies of Peptide Based Inhibitors of an American Foulbrood Metalloprotease from Paenibacillus larvae ศศิประภา ครองแดง Sasiprapa Krondang 

S3-P136 Removal of Crystal Violet Dye by Adsorption on Titanium Dioxide พิมพาภรณ ศรีปรางค Pimpaporn Sriprang 

S3-P137 Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(amidinate) Tin(II) Complexes for Ring-opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone วิภาวี ธำรงพัฒนารักษ Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks 

(30) 


Abstract 

Special Lectures

SL-1 

Wilaiporn Chetanachan 

The Siam Cement PLC, Thailand 

Framework for Collaboration with Industry

Abstracts 

Plenary and 

Invited Lectures

PL-1 

Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage Chemistry 

Research in the US DOE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence 

Lennie Klebanoff 

Director, Metal Hydride Center of Excellence, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA. 

For the past 5 years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE) has funded three materials research centers devoted to finding a solidstate 

hydrogen storage material that can enable hydrogen-powered light duty vehicles. One of these 

Centers was the Metal Hydride Center of Excellence (MHCoE), led by Sandia National Laboratories. 

The purpose of the MHCoE has been to conduct highly collaborative and multi-disciplinary applied 

R&D to develop new reversible hydrogen storage materials with high hydrogen capacity and excellent 

volumetric and gravimetric efficiencies. The MHCoE, consisting of 6 US National Laboratories, 10 

universities and several companies, combined two broad areas: mechanisms and modeling (which 

provided a theoretically driven basis for pursuing new materials) and materials development (in which 

new materials were synthesized and characterized). The MHCoE work has focused on modifying the 

thermodynamics of hydrogen release through chemical modification, finding new high-capacity 

amide and borohydride compounds containing hydrogen, improving the hydrogen absorption 

properties of metal hydrides and exploring the effects of nanoconfinement on hydrogen storage 

chemistry. Selected results from these areas will be presented. In addition, directions for future 

hydrogen storage chemical research will be discussed. 

Lennie Klebanoff 

Research field: materials chemistry, surface science, hydrogen storage, interactions of 

radiation with matter, analysis of fuel cell systems

PL-2 

Discovery and Development of New Drugs from TCM Based on 

“System to System” mode 

Guoan Luo and Yiming Wang 

Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. 

(luoga@tsinghua.edu.cn) 

The conventional drug (western medicine) is screened based on single entity and its interaction 

with single target, representing as ‘point to point’ (P2P) mode. However, its R&D productivity has 

experienced decades of decline with the greatly increased cost and lengthened time. Some of those 

problems of single-target-based screening may be overcome with the proposal of systems biology 

which believe that the body system is a holistic well-organized system composed of ordered networks 

including genes, proteins, metabolites, and so on. The network pharmacology based on the 

development of systems biology may represent an interaction mode of single (or multiple) point and 

biological system (point to system, P2S). 

TCM has not been fully accepted by mainstream medicine whereas it has a long history of clinical 

practice in China and beyond China. Besides of the complex nature of the formulae, as well as a lack 

of stringent quality control, the main obstacles of understand may be attributed to the fact that TCM is 

compound medicine with a treatment concept quite different with the “P2P” mode of western 

medicine. The TCM is a complex system, so that the treatment of TCM represents the interaction of 

both complex systems. 

In the past study we have introduced approaches of “omics” and systems biology so that a novel 

approach Chemomics was proposed to study the composition of a chemome (e.g. a TCM formula) and 

the correlation between its change and biological effect. Chemomics provides a new “omics” 

approach to develop “modernized composite medicine” (MCM), where “the phytochemical 

composition of a herbal formula with demonstrated clinical efficacy is regarded as a global chemome, 

which can be simplified successively through bioactivity-guided screening to achieve an optimized 

chemomome with minimal phytochemical composition for further drug development, while 

maintaining its curative effect for a specific disease”. 

Here we present a mode of “system to system” (S2S) by integrating Chemomics and systems 

biology which is so called Integrative System Biology approach to study the interaction of drug 

system and biological system. Different from western conventional mode by screening lead 

compound based on the selected target (P2P mode), the presented methodology (S2S) is advantaged 

for TCM formula with proven clinical efficacy, characterizing the chemical composition and their 

relationship of the TCM drug system by means of Chemomics, characterizing the response of the 

biological system by means of Systems Biology, providing a comprehensive approach for 

understanding the interaction of both systems. 

Guoan Luo 

Research field: research and development of new drugs, focusing on Capillary 

Electrophoresis(CE) and it’s application technology, Bio-MS, and Bio-electrochemistry

PL-3 

Organic Field-effect Transistor/Memory Devices with Pentacene 

Films Embedding Metallic and Organic Charge Traps: Structure and 

Electric Bistability Study 

Yu-Tai Tao 

Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. 

Pentacene films are widely used as the channel material in the fabrication of field-effect 

transistor. The crystallinity and packing orientation of the pentacene film are critical to the 

performance of the devices. Carrier traps within the films are commonly suggested to be one reason 

for degrading performances. However, traps can also be utilized to influence or even switch the 

device between different conductivities, allowing the fabrication of a memory device. In this work, we 

purposely introduced various metallic or organic moieties at the organic semiconductor/insulating 

dielectrics interface as carrier traps and assessed their effects on the crystallinity and morphology on 

the pentacene films deposited on top. Transistor properties as well as electrical bistability as a 

function of the gate bias were studied. Strategy to improve memory window, on/off ratio will be 

discussed. 

Selected References: 

1. Tseng, C. W.; Tao, Y. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 12441. 

2. Tseng, C. W.; Tao, Y. T. ACS Appl. Mater. & Interf., 2010, 2, 3231. 

Yu-Tai Tao 

Research field: organic materials chemistry and surface chemistry, structure of 

self-assembled molecular thin films, development of organic electronic materials, including 

electroluminescent materials and devices, organic thin film transistor materials and devices, 

organic memory devices

PL-4 

Some Medicinal and Mechanistic Aspects of Asymmetric 

Organocatalysis: From Stem-Cell Differentiation to Combined 

Organo/Biocatalysis 

Albrecht Berkessel 

Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany. (www.berkessel.de) 

Over the last decade, organocatalysis has secured its role as the "third pillar" of asymmetric 

catalytic methodology (besides metal-based and enzymatic/biocatalytic methods). As evidenced by a 

wealth of publications, the search for new organocatalysts and new enantioselective transformations 

accounts for the majority of the work in this flourishing field of chemical research. In this context, our 

laboratory has, for example, contributed by providing access to the novel and enantiopure diamine 

building blocks DIANANE (endo,endo-2,5-diaminonorbornane) 1 , IPDA (isophorone diamine) 2,3 , and 

monoprotected cis-DACH (1,2-diaminocyclohexane) 4 . Catalysts derived from these building blocks 

perform excellently e.g. in asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman 3 and aldol reactions 4 . Both 

organocatalysis and enzymatic catalysis were used for the (dynamic) kinetic resolution of oxazinones, 

affording enantiopure 2 - and 3 -amino acids 5,6 . 

The lecture will focus on two (as yet) less elaborated facets of organocatalysis: (i) The potential 

of organocatalysts to interact with biological systems, and (ii) the combination of organocatalytic 

transformations with other catalytic methodology, e.g. metal- or bio-catalysis. 

Ad (i): Screening of organocatalyst libraries has indentified compounds that affect stem-cell 

differentation, inducing significantly increased formation of cardiomyocytes. 7 

Ad (ii): Stereochemically uniform 1,3-diols are important synthetic building blocks. A method was 

elaborated which establishes one center of chirality by asymmetric aldol reaction, and the second one 

by enzymatic ketone reduction. As the result, each one of the four diol stereoisomers can be obtained 

in > 98 % ee by simple combination of the appropriate organo- and biocatalyst. 8 The success of the 

method is based on mechanistic studies which revealed unexpected and "contra-intuitive" effects of 

e.g. catalyst loading on enantioselectivity. 9 


1. Berkessel, A.; Schröder, M.; Sklorz, C. A.; Tabanella, S.; Vogl, N.; Lex, J.; Neudörfl, J.-M. J. Org. Chem., 

2004, 69, 3050-3056. 

2. Berkessel, A.; Roland, K.; Schröder, M.; Neudörfl, J.-M.; Lex, J. J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71, 9312-9318. 

3. Berkessel, A.; Roland, K.; Neudörfl, J.-M. Org. Lett., 2006, 8, 4195-4198. 

4. Berkessel, A.; Ong, M.-C.; Nachi, M.; Neudörfl, J.-M. ChemCatChem, 2010, 2, 1215-1218. 

5. Berkessel, A.; Cleemann, F.; Mukherjee, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, 7466-7469. 

6. Berkessel, A.; Jurkiewicz, I. Mohan, R. ChemCatChem, 2011, 3, 313-330. 

7. Berkessel, A.; Seelig, B.; Schwengberg, S.; Hescheler, J.; Sachinidis, A. ChemBioChem, 2010, 11, 208-217. 

8. Baer, K.; Kraußer, M.; Burda, E.; Hummel, W.; Berkessel, A.; Gröger, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 

9355-9358. 

9. Rulli, G.; Duangdee, N.; Baer, K.; Hummel, W.; Berkessel, A.; Gröger, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 

50, in press. 

Albrecht Berkessel 

Research field: metal-, organo- and biocatalysis, mechanistic studies, medicinal 

chemistry, combinatorial chemistry

PL-5 

Last Developments in Phosphinine Chemistry 

François Mathey 

Nanyang Technological University, CBC-SPMS, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore. (fmathey@ntu.edu.sg) 

During these last two years, we have described three new methods for the synthesis of 

phosphinines. The first route relies on the oxidation of the bridge of the readily accessible 1- 

phosphanorbornadienes, followed by the elimination of formol and the aromatisation of the resulting 

6-membered rings. [1] The second route involves the decomposition of 1-diazoalkylphosphole 

sulfides. [2] It proceeds through intermediate phosphinine sulfides. The third route starts by the [4+2] 

cycloaddition of furans with methylenechlorophosphine as stabilized by pentacarbonyltungsten. [3] This 

last method produces 2-phosphaphenols whose chemistry has been investigated. 

Me 

Ph 

P 

Me 

R 2 

R 1 

Me 

Me R 1 

Me 

Me 

R 

Ph P R 2 P 

S C(N2 )CO 2 Et R P CO 2 Et 

Me 

Me 

H 2 C P 

Cl 

W(CO) 5 

O 

0 o C, 2h HO P 


1. Wang, H.; Li, C.: Geng, D.; Chen, H.; Duan, Z.; Mathey, F. Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 10659-10661. 

2. Chen, H.; Li, J.; Wang, H.; Liu, H.; Duan, Z.; Mathey, F. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2011, in press. 

3. Mao, Y.: Mathey, F. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 3384-3385. 

François Mathey 

Research field: organophosphorus chemistry, transition metal chemistry, homogeneous 

catalysis

PL-6 

Electrochemical Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds in Ionic 

Liquids: Toward Green Sustainable Chemistry 

Toshio Fuchigami 

Department of Electronic Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 G1-2 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, 

Japan. (fuchi@echem.titech.ac.jp) 

In sharp contrast to widely used anhydrous HF, ionic liquid HF salts like Et 3 N-nHF and Et 4 NFnHF 

are stable enough and easy to use. We have developed highly selective electrochemical 

fluorination of organic compounds in organic solvents containing ionic HF salts. Volatile organic 

solvents (VOC)s are flammable and not always safe from health and environmental perspectives. 

Therefore, we have developed VOC-free selective electrochemical fluorination of organic molecules 

and conducting polymers in ionic liquid HF salts. 

1) Mediatory Use of Task-Specific Ionic Liquid for Selective Anodic Fluorination: A taskspecific 

ionic liquid having iodoarene was prepared and it was successfully used as a mediator for 

anodic fluorination and fluorodesulfurization ion ionic liquid fluoride salts (Scheme 1). 1,2) Both the 

mediator and ionic liquid fluoride salt were repeatedly used for the fluorination. 

2) Selective Anodic Fluorination of Polymer in Ionic Liquid: Although it is quite difficult to 

carry out "Polymer Electrochemical Reaction", we have achieved selective anodic 

fluorodesulfurization of poly(fluorene) derivatives in ionic HF salt as shown in Scheme 2. 3) 

3) Selective Anodic Fluorination Under Ultrasonication”: High viscosity of ionic liquids cause 

extremely slow mass transport of substrates to the surface of electrode, which results in low 

fluorination efficiency. However, we found that ultrasonication markedly increased the yield and 

changed product- and stereoselectivity (Scheme 3). 4) 

In addition, “Organic Synthesis like Prins Cyclization in Ionic Liquids” will be mentioned 

(Scheme 4). 5) 

-2e, 2F - 

Iodobenzene 

with IL moiety 

IF 2 

N 

N S EWG Et 3 N-3HF 

EWG = COOEt, COMe, CN 

I 

N F 

N S EWG 

without mediator: 0 - 39% 

with mediator: 65 - 87% 

Octyl 

Octyl 

Anode 

S 

S 

n 

-2e, +2F 

in Et 4 NF-5HF 

Octyl 

Octyl 

Anode 

F 

F 

n 

(Scheme 1) (Scheme 2) 


1. Sawamura, T.; Kuribayashi, S,; Inagi, S,; Fuchigami, T. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 644. 

2. Sawamura, T.; Kuribayashi, S,; Inagi, S,; Fuchigami, T. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2010, 352, 2757. 

3. Inagi, S.; Hayashi, S.; Fuchigami, T. Chem. Commun., 2009, 1718. 

4. Sunaga, T.; Atobe, M.; Inagi, S.; Fuchigami, T. Chem. Commun., 2009, 956. 

5. Kishi, Y.; Nagura, H.; Inagi, S.; Fuchigami, T. Chem. Commun., 2008, 3809. 

Toshio Fuchigami 

Research field: organofluorine electrochemistry, new electrolytic systems toward green 

sustainable chemistry

PL-7 

Using NMR-based Methods to Assign the Stereochemistry of Natural 

Products 

Ken W. L. Yong, James J. De Voss and Mary J. Garson 

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia. 

Natural product researchers, armed with a suite of 2D NMR methods and knowledge of 

biosynthetic pathways, can usually deduce the structure of a complex natural product without 

difficulty. The more complex task of assigning stereochemistry (that is relative and absolute 

configuration) presents more of a challenge. 

R 

R 

24 23 

7 

O 

S R 

R 

O 

(1) R = H; plakortolide K O 2 

H 

(3) R = OH; plakortolide M 

S 

O O 

(2) R = H; plakortolide L H 

(4) R = OH; plakortolide N 

(7) plakortone L 

S 

O 

H 

S 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O 

R 

(5) seco-plakortolide K 

(6) seco-plakortolide L 

O 

X 

(8) R = H or OH 

(9) X = OH or OOH 

OH HO 

H 

OH HO 

H 

O O 

H 

O O 

H 

This talk focuses primarily on the metabolite-rich extract of the Australian sponge Plakinastrella 

clathrata Kirkpatrick, 1900. 1 Structural elucidation of new plakortolides (eg. 1 - 4), seco-plakortolides 

(eg. 5-6), and plakortones (eg. 7), including relative configurational assignment, was based on 

extensive spectroscopic analysis, while the absolute configurations were deduced from Mosher ester 

analysis. Diastereomeric sets of plakortolides differed in configuration at C-3/C-4 rather than at C-6, a 

stereochemical result which suggested a biosynthesis involving cyclization of a 6-hydroperoxydienoic 

acid intermediate. During the isolation work, some seco-plakortolides converted under mild 

conditions into plakortones with full retention of configuration, an observation that enabled us to 

correct errors in the published literature on plakortolide metabolites. Other metabolites isolated 

include side chain-truncated plakortolide metabolites (eg. 8-9), including some examples with the 

very rare hydroperoxy functionality. 

Selected Reference: 

1. Yong, K. W. L.; De Voss, J. J.; Hooper, J. N. A.; Garson, M. J. “The configurational assignment of cyclic 

peroxy metabolites provides an insight into their biosynthesis: new plakortolides, seco-plakortolides, and 

plakortones from the Australian marine sponge Plakinastrella clathrata Kirkpatrick, 1900.,” J. Nat. Prod., 

article publication date January 24 2011, DOI: 10.1021/np100620x. 

Mary J. Garson 

Research field: marine natural products 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O

PL-8 

Asymmetric Formation of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters 

Sung Ho Kang 

Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea. (shkang@kaist.ac.kr) 

Enantioselective construction of quaternary carbon centers belongs to one of the most challenging 

functionalizations in organic synthesis. The most prevalent centers comprise hydroxyl and amino 

functional groups, and all-carbon substituents, which correspond to tertiary alcohols, tert-alkylamines 

and all-carbon-substituted methanes, respectively. In particular, they are intriguing because they are 

found in a variety of biologically potent natural and artificial compounds. Much effort has been 

devoted to exploiting their stereoselective preparation due to their synthetic values as building blocks. 

Chiral tertiary alcohols have been formed by epoxidation and dihydroxylation of alkenes, and 

nucleophilic addition reactions to ketones such as cyanide addition, aldol condensation and alkylzinc 

addition. tert-Alkylamines have been built asymmetrically through alkylation of alanine and glycine 

esters, allylic alkylation of azlactones, and cyanide addition of ketoimines. All-carbon-substituted 

methanes have been synthesized enantioselectively via Lewis acid-mediated Diels-Alder 

cycloaddition, Rh-promoted C-H bond insertion and cyclization, amino acid-activated aldol 

cyclization, Cu-catalyzed tosylation, Pd-induced coupling reactions and PTC-delivered 

transesterification. 

If the chiral quaternary building blocks can be generated from meso stereoisomers by asymmetric 

desymmetrization, the synthetic route is conceivably useful and versatile. Although the 

desymmetrization has been sometimes implemented to resolve meso compounds, their prostereogenic 

centers are mostly tertiary but rarely quaternary. It is of remarkable value to extend the 

desymmetrization method to their enantioselective synthesis. In this presentation, we will discuss 

the desymmetrization approaches to the chiral quaternary carbons 1-3,5 and their synthetic application to 

some of the physiologically significant compounds. 4 


1. Jung, B.; Kang, S. H. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2007, 104, 1471. 

2. Jung, B.; Hong, M. S.; Kang, S. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2007, 46, 2616. 

3. Hong, M. S.; Kim, T. W.; Jung, B.; Kang, S. H. Chem. Eur. J., 2008, 14, 3290. 

4. Kim, H. C.; Kang, S. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 1827. 

5. Lee, J. Y.; You, Y. S.; Kang, S. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 1772.

Sung Ho Kang 

Seoul National University, Korea, Chemistry, B.S. 1972 

Seoul National University, Korea, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 1977 

University of Texas at Austin, USA, Organic Chemistry, Ph.D. 1982 

KAIST, Korea, Professor, Department of Chemistry, 1985–present; Chairman, 

Department of Chemistry, 1994–1995; Dean, College of Natural Sciences and 

Director, Natural Science Research Institute, 2003–2004 

Director, School of Molecular Science (BK21 project), 2006–2009 

Research field: synthesis of natural products, development of asymmetric 

reactions

PL-9 

Cycloaddition Reactions of Masked o-Benzoquinones with 

Cyclopentadiene and Furans and Their Synthetic Applications 

Chun-Chen Liao 

Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. (ccliao@cycu.edu.tw) 

Masked o-benzoquinones (MOBs), which are 6,6-dialkoxy-2,4- cyclochexadienones and easily 

prepared from oxidative dearomatization of 2-alkoxyphenols, are one of the most readily accessible 

types of 2,4-cyclochexadienones with immense synthetic potentials. We have examined the Diels- 

Alder reactions of MOBs with various dienophiles inter- and intramolecularly to construct 

bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ones with high regio- and stereoselectivites in good yields, 1 and recently 

some asymmetric modes of the Diels-Alder reactions of MOBs. 2 We have also applied these 

methodologies to the constructions of structures of various skeletons, and to the total syntheses of 

several natural products. 1,3 In this lecture, the cycloaddition reactions of MOBs with cyclopentadiene 

and furans, and their synthetic applications will be presented. 4 


1. (a) Liao, C.-C.; Peddinti, R. K. Acc. Chem. Res., 2002, 856. (b) Liao, C.-C. Pure Appl. Chem., 2005, 77, 1221. 

2. (a) Lu, P.-H.; Yang, C.-S.; Devendar, B.; Liao, C.-C. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 2642. (b) Luo, S.-Y.; Jang,Y.-J.; 

Liu, J.-Y.; Chu, C.-S.; Liao, C.-C.; Hung, S.-C. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl., 2008, 47, 8082. 

3. (a) Kao, S.-Y.; Chuang, G. J.; Chittimalla, S. K.; Liao, C.-C. J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74,1632. (b) Chang, C.- 

P.; Chen, C.-H.; Chuang, G. J.; Liao, C.-C. Tetrahedron Lett., 2009, 50, 3414. (c) Kao, T.-C.; Chuang, G. J.; 

Liao, C.-C. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl., 2008, 47, 7325. (d) Lu, Y.-B.; Lee, T.-H.; Liu, W.-C.; Chuang, G. 

J.; Liao, C.-C. Chem. Asian J., 2008, 3, 1422. (e) Hsu, D.-S.; Liao C.-C. Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 4563. (f) Shiao, 

H.-Y.; H.-P. Hsieh; Liao, C.-C. Org. Lett., 2008, 10, 449. 

4. (a) Hsu, D.-H.; Chou, Y.-Y.; Tung, Y.-S.; Liao, C.-C. Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 3121. (b) Chou, Y.-Y.; 

Peddinti, R. K.; Liao, C.-C. Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 1637. (c) Yen, C.-F.; Liao, C.-C. Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. 

Engl., 2002, 41, 4090. 

Chun-Chen Liao 

Research field: photochemical reactions, total syntheses of natural products

PL-10 

Jay S. Siegel 

Materials Based on Bowl-shaped Polynuclear Aromatics 

Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8006 Switzerland. 

The formula C 10n H 10 includes a series of bowl-shaped carbon-rich structures where in corannulene 

(1) represents n=2. Derivatives of class n=2 continue to lead to many interesting materials. 2 

Sym-pentakisarylalkynylcorannulenes offer a different type of materials application in the area of 

oriented solids and liquid crystals with efficient fluorescence activity. Decachlorocorannulene (2) 

serves as the starting material for many decasubstituted derivatives like decamethylcorannulene (3) 

with modified structure and physical properties. 

Among other isomers, the class of n=4 (C 40 H 10 ) is represented by decaethynylcorannulene (4) and 

the simplest capped nanotube (5). A simple bond energy estimate for the energetics of 4 compared 

to 5 results in a remarkable value of 300-400 kcal/mol in favor of 2, and leads one to a family of 

derivative of 3 as high energy yet an "inert" materials. 

From 2, decapentynylcorannulene (6) can be prepared with the hope of making decaalkyl versions 

of 2. Such an approach would open a solution phase method to the synthesis of mono-disperse 

single-walled carbon nanotubes. Alternatively, cognates of 6 could form the base of new discotic 

liquid crystals. Thio derivatives like 7 drastically alter the electrochemistry of the corannulene core, 

while maintaining the possibility for liquid crystal behavior. In general, recent advances in the 

chemical synthesis of molecular bowls now makes investigation of their materials properties possible. 

Cl 

Cl 

H 3 C 

CH 3 

Cl 

Cl 

H 3 C 

CH 3 

Cl 

Cl 

H 3 C 

CH 3 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

H 3 C 

CH 3 

H 3 C CH 3 

1 2 3 

4 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

S 

5 

6 

Jay S. Siegel 

Princeton University, USA, Ph.D. 

ETH Zurich, Swiss Universites Fellow 

University of Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, NSF-CNRS postdoctoral fellow 

University of California, San Diego, Assistant Professor, 1986; Associate Professor, 

1992; Professor, 1996 

University of Zurich, Professor and co-director of the Organic chemistry institute of 

the and Director of its laboratory for process chemistry research (LPF), 2003; Dean 

of Studies and Head of the Research Council for the Faculty of Sciences, present 

Research field: Synthesis and stereochemistry of designed supramolecular 

architectures 

7

PL-11 

Zhu-Jun Yao 

Development of Natural Products to More Potent Bioactives 

Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 22 

Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 

Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China. (yaoz@sioc.ac.cn) 

Naturally occurring compounds have attracted wide attentions from various fields including 

chemistry, biology, medicine and materials. Though a very small component is shared in total organic 

compound number, the bioactive natural products and their derivatives gain extremely high priority in 

sciences. In the cross fields of chemistry and biology, many bioactive natural products have been 

employed as the powerful probes in biological investigations; and some have been regarded as the 

privileged scaffold of further innovations leading to successful drugs for human healthcare. 

In the past decade, we have attempted quite a number of syntheses of bioactive natural products 

and some have been accomplished. Using the methodologies established in these syntheses, we 

continuously explored further chemistry innovations for new molecular tools/probes of biological 

investigation, and created new chemical entities for the drug discovery. These experiences also clearly 

show that bioactive natural products are a bonanza of scientific discovery, which constantly provides 

us new challenges to initiate new ideas and protocols leading to new discoveries. In this lecture, 

couple examples in our research projects will be illustrated to address the importance of bioactive 

natural products. 

Zhu-Jun Yao 

Fudan University, China, B.Sc. 1990 

Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), China, Ph.D. 1995 

NIH, USA, NIH Visiting fellow, 1995-1998 

SIOC, Professor and Principle Investigator, 1999-2007 

Nanjing University, China, Cyrus Tang Professor, 2008 

Research field: chemical biology of natural products

S1-L1 

High-Throughput Natural Products Chemistry for Drug Discovery: 

Is It Possible 

Mark O’Neil-Johnson, a Gary Eldridge a and Oskar Schett b 

a Sequoia Sciences, Inc. 1912 Innerbelt Business Center Drive Saint Louis, MO 63119, USA. (moj@sequoiasciences.com) 

b Bruker Biospin AG, Industriestrasse 26, CH-8117 Faellanden. (Oskar.Schett@bruker.ch) 

Sequoia Sciences identifies novel chemistry from its library of structurally diverse small molecules 

isolated from plants. The proprietary design of this library allows for the biological screening of these 

compounds at optimal HTS concentrations without non-drug-like interferences. Sequoia built this 

analytical process such that rapid isolation and structure elucidation of active compounds could be 

accomplished. Using the extremely sensitive TCI MicroCryoProbe, structure elucidation of active 

compounds is completed on samples of limited mass. Relative to synthetic library HTS, the question 

remains, is it really high-throughput natural products chemistry Can the rate limiting step, structure 

elucidation process, be a higher throughput process 

The scientific strategy and hardware that Sequoia employs in order to rapidly uncover the chemical 

diversity contained in plant natural products will be outlined. This presentation will expand upon the 

ground breaking cryoprobe introduced by Bruker BioSpin, the TCI 1.7mm MicroCryoProbe. For the 

structure elucidation process, this advanced capillary scale NMR cryoprobe acquires complete NMR 

data sets on micrograms (10 micrograms) of material. The Bruker TCI 1.7mm MicroCryoProbe has 

now extended the high-throughput process to include NMR data acquisition. 

This talk presents Sequoia’s analytical approach to extraction, purification and isolation of plant 

biomass. Examples showing the sample loading and data acquisition ease of the 1.7mm probe will be 

detailed. Data will be presented on biologically active compounds isolated from preparative HPLC 

fractions from Sequoia’s library. Sequoia’s inclusion of the TCI 1.7mm MicroCryoProbe compliments 

its current platform technologies for high-throughput natural products research for drug discovery. 

Mark O’Neil-Johnson 

Research field: drug discovery

S1-L2 

Progress and Trends in Elemental Imaging and Metallomics of 

Biological Tissue from Micrometer to Nanometer Scale 

J. Sabine Becker 

Research Centre Jülich, Germany. (www.brainmet.com) 

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying elemental distribution (imaging) in 

biological and especially in clinical tissues. Metal ions such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Na, Ca, K, Co, Mn, Mg 

and others required for cell development, differentiation, function and survival, play an important role 

in all biological processes. About one third of all proteins are believed to require a metal cofactor, 

usually a transition metal, such as copper, iron or zinc. In most neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal 

metal deposition has been observed within the brain [e.g. in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or Wilson 

diseases]. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) with spatial 

resolution on the 12 – 160 µm scale has been successfully applied as a powerful imaging (mapping) 

technique to produce quantitative images of detailed regionally specific element distributions in thin 

tissue sections of biological and clinical samples. 

Bioimaging of essential metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and toxic metals (e.g., Pb) in human brain 

tissue on human hippocampus, cortex and brain hemisphere and on rat and mouse brain tissue (e.g., 

aging studies, Parkinson's diseased brain, Alzheimer's diseased studies and investigation of brain 

infarct and tumour growth) from micrometre to nanometre scale will be discussed. 

To improve the spatial resolution of LA-ICP-MS we created a new experimental arrangement 

using a laser microdissection system (LMD) for tissue ablation coupled together with a sensitive 

quadrupole-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS, XSeries 2, Thermo 

Scientific, Bremen) for the analysis of ablated material. First experiments by LMD-ICP-MS on brain 

tissues at low µm scale will be presented. This novel LMD-ICP-MS technique with sub-cellular 

spatial resolution down to the 300 nm will open up the field of quantitative imaging to study the metal 

distribution in tissue, single cells and cell organelles. 

Selected References: (http://www.brainmet.de/publikationen/) 

1. Becker, J. S. Inorganic Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Applications, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 2007. 

2. Becker, J. S. Intern. J. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 289, 65–75. 

3. Becker, J. S.; et al. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2010, 29, 156–175, Trends in Anal. Chem., 2010, 29, 966–978. 

J. Sabine Becker 

Research field: LA-ICP-MS

S1-L3 

Kate Grudpan 

Chemical Analysis Using Reagents and Materials around 

Ourselves: Green Chemical Analysis-Green Innovation 

Department of Chemistry and and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for 

Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

(kgrudpan@gmail.com) 

This presentation will discuss aspects in novel approaches in modern chemical analysis by using reagents and 

materials around ourselves including simple aqueous clude extracts of natural reagents such guava leaf or tea 

for iron determination; soap bubbles for gas determination. Modification of soap bubbles even could be possible 

for chiral separation. 

This is possible by incorporating some flow based analysis techniques. This leads to novel approaches in green 

analytical chemistry .It would be parts of green innovation. 

Some specific example cases will be discussed. 


1. Wongwilaia, W.; Lapanantnoppakhuna, S.; Grudpan, S.; Grudpan, K. Webcam camera as a detector for a 

simple lab-on-chip time based approach. Talanta, 2010, 81, 1137–1141. 

2. Grudpan, K.; Kradtap Hartwell, S.; Lapanantnoppakhun, S.; McKelvie I. The case for the use of unrefined 

natural reagents in analytical chemistry—A green chemical perspective. Anal. Methods, 2010, 2, 1651–1661. 

3. Kanyanee, T.; Borst, W. L.; Jakmunee, J; Grudpan, K.; Li, J.; Dasgupta, P. K. Soap Bubbles in Analytical 

Chemistry-Conductometric Determination of Sub-Parts Per Million Levels of Sulfur Dioxide with a Soap 

Bubble. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78, 2786–2793. 

4. Kanyanee, T.; Jakmunee, J.; Grudpan, K.; Dasgupta, P. K. Doped Soap Membranes Selectively Permeate a 

Chiral Isomer. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 18045–18047. 

Kate Grudpan 

Research filed: Analytical technology

S1-L4 

Contactless Conductivity Detection for 

Microseparation Techniques 

Worapan Pormsila, a,b Thitirat Mantim, a,c Thanh Duc Mai, a,d Hong Heng See, a, e Marko Stojkovic, a 

Benjamin Bomastyk a and Peter C. Hauser a 

a Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. 

b Department of Chemistry, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, 2 Nanglingi, Sathorn, 10120 Bangkok, 

Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 

Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

d Centre for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), Hanoi University of Science, Nguyen Trai 

Street 334, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 

e Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 

Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) has gained considerable popularity 

over the last few years for quantification in electrophoresis (CE) carried out in conventional 

capillaries as well as with lab-on-chip devices. The method allows the facile detection of all charged 

inorganic as well as organic and biochemical analytes with good sensitivity, but of particular interest 

are those species which are not readily accessible by optical means. The detectors have been 

thoroughly investigated and a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties has been 

reached. Commercial devices which have been optimized in accordance to these findings are now 

available and can be retrofitted to existing instruments. 

A range of projects based on C 4 D are carried out in our laboratory. Applications in conventional 

capillary electrophoresis as well as chip based separations are developed. 

These include the separation of cationic and anionic enantiomers, the determination of native 

inorganic and organic blood electrolytes, the clinical analysis of illicit drugs as well as therapeutic 

drug monitoring (TDM). The monitoring of enzymatic reactions is also investigated, including the 

study of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and the electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) 

approach. 

Field portable CE-instruments have been designed and are further refined. An automated system 

based on a sequential injection analysis (SIA) mainfold has been developed for unattended monitoring 

operations in environmental or process analysis. This system also allows the introduction of a 

hydrodynamic flow. This is a useful additional parameter for optimisation of separation and analysis 

time which is only possible when using narrow capillaries in combination with a C 4 D. 

Contactless conductivity detection is furthermore suitable for detection in chromatographic 

separations. The combination with capillary electrochromatography (CEC) using miniature 

monolithic columns is investigated as well as the detection in miniaturized pumped HPLC and ionchromatography. 

Peter C. Hauser 

Research field: analytical applications, including portable CE, lab-on-a-chip, with detection 

by gas sensor, contactless conductivity and micro plasma

S2A-L1 

Palladium(II)-catalyzed Ortho Arylation of 2-Phenoxypyridines and 

2-Phenaminopyridines with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates 

Ming-Jung Wu 

Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. (mijuwu@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw) 

The palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylphenols and carbazoles via carbon-hydrogen (C-H) 

bond activation is described. Treatment of 2-phenoxypyridines 1 with two and half equivalents of 

potassium aryltrifluoroborates 2 and 10 mol % of Pd(OAc) 2 in the presence of two equivalents of 

Ag 2 CO 3 and one equivalent of p-benzoquinone (BQ), four equivalents of DMSO and with (or without) 

H 2 O at 130-140 o C for 48 h in CH 2 Cl 2 gave the ortho arylated 2-phenoxypyridines 3 in modest to 

excellent yields. The investigation of kinetic isotope effect (k H /k D ) is determined to be 5.25, which 

indicates that C-H bond cleavage occurs in the rate-determining step. One of the arylated compound, 

2-(4'-nitrobiphenyl-2-yloxy)pyridine, was treated with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and 

subsequently sodium methoxide to give the 2-(4-nitrophenyl)phenol (4a) in 79% yield to demonstrate 

the pyridine is a removable directing group. 

cat. Pd(OAc) 

R 

2 

N 

N 

Ag 2 CO 3 , BQ 

+ 

O 

O 

130-140 o C, 48 h 

up to 95% yield 

BF 3 K 

H 

R 

1 2 3 

C-H bond activation (k H /k D = 5.25) 

(a) MeOTf/dried 

Toluene, 100 o C, 2 h 

(b) Na/MeOH, reflux, 

15 min O 2 N 

HO 

4a, 79% 

On the other hand, a novel one-pot synthesis for 9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazoles (6) by the 

reaction of N-phenylpyridin-2-amines 5 with potassium aryltrifluoroborates 2 using Pd(OAc) 2 as the 

catalyst is presented. For instance, reaction of 5 with two equivalents of 2a (R = H) under the 

described reaction conditions gave carbazole 6a in 80% yield along with 7a in 10% yield. The 

investigation of kinetic isotope effect (k H /k D ) for the first C-H activation/C-C bond formation step is 

determined to be 2.14, and that of the second C-H activation/C-N bond formation step is 1.18. On the 

basis of KIE analysis, it might indicate that first C-H activation should undergo direct C-H bond 

cleavage, and second step should be via electrophilic aromatic substitution. 

N 

HN 

H 

5 

+ 

R 

2a 

BF 3 K 

10 mol % Pd(OAc) 2 

AgOAc (3 equiv) 

BQ (1 equiv) 

DMSO (4 equiv) 

1,4-dioxane 

130-140 o C, 48 h 

R 

HN 

N 

7a 

+ 

R 

N 

6a 

N 

Ming-Jung Wu 

Pennsylvania State University, USA, Postdoctoral fellow, 1987-1989 

Smith Kline & Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Research Fellow, 1989-1990 

Kaohsiung Medical University, Associate Professor, 1990-1994; Professor, 1994-2008 

National Sun Yat-sen University, Professor, 2008-prsent 

Research field: transition metal catalyzed organic reactions, design and synthesis of new 

antitumor agents, total synthesis of natural products

S2A-L2 

Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Phenylbenzothiazoles and 

Bis(benzylidene-benzenamine)-1-disulfides as Anticancer Agents 

Jeh-Jeng Wang, a 

Wan-Ping Hu b and Jaya Kishore Vandavasi a 

Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, b Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung 

Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. (jjwang@kmu.edu.tw) 

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employing exogenous photosensitizers is currently being approved 

for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and Bowen’s disease. 

2-phenyl-benzothiazoles (6), a group of chromophoric structure, absorb light in the UVA (315-400 

nm) whereupon it becomes phototoxic through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In 

this presentation, we report a synthesis of 6 from phenylthiobenzamides (4) mediated by oxidative 

reagents. 1,2 While reaction of 4 with DDQ formed bis[benzylidene-benzenamine]-1-disulfides (7) in 

high yields. The biological activities of compound 6 and 7 will also be reported. 3 


1. 

Hu, W. P.; Yu, H. S.; Chen, Y. R.; Tsai, Y. M.; Chen, Y. K.; Liao, C. C.; Chang, L. S.; Wang, J. J. Bioorg. 

Med. Chem., 2008, 16, 5295-5302. 

2. Hu, W. P.; Chen, Y. K.; Liao, C. C.; Yu, H. S.; Tsai, Y. M.; Huang, S. M.; Tsai, F. Y.; Shen, H. C.; Chang, L. 

S.; Wang, J. J. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2010, 18, 6197-6207. 

3. Lo, W. S.; Hu, W. P.; Lo, H. P.; Chen, C. Y.; Kao, C. L.; Vandavasi, J. K.; Wang, J. J. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 5570. 

Jeh-Jeng Wang ( 王志鉦 ) 

b. 1956 in Taichung, Taiwan 

National Chung-Hsiung University, Taiwan, B.S. 1979 

The Ohio State University, USA, Ph.D. 1989 (Prof. H. G. Floss) 

University of Texas at Austin, USA, Postdoc. 1989-1991 (Prof. L. Hurley) 

Koahsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Associate Professor, 1991; Professor, 

2001-present; Chairman, Department of Biotechnology, Koahsiung Medical University, 

2003-4; Dean, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University; 2006-present 

Research field: drug design and synthesis, new synthetic methodologies, and biological 

chemistry

S2A-L3 

Transition Metal-catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalizations for 

Sustainable Synthesis 

Lutz Ackermann 

Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 

Göttingen, Germany. 

Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between organic halides and organometallic 

reagents are among the most important tools for C(sp 2 )–C(sp 2 ) bond formations (a). The 

corresponding organometallic nucleophilic starting materials are, however, often not commercially 

available, and lead to the formation of undesired side-products. Therefore, focus has shifted in recent 

years to the development of catalytic direct arylations through C–H bond cleavages as economically 

attractive alternatives (b). [1] 

The use of ruthenium, palladium or copper catalysts for efficient direct arylations of (hetero)arenes 

will be presented. Particularly, the development of generally applicable C–H bond functionalizations 

with aryl tosylates, [2] and mesylates [2b,c] as well as unactivated alkyl halides bearing β-hydrogens [3] as 

inexpensive electrophilic substrates will be discussed. 

M X 

(a) conventional cross‐coupling 

H 

R 2 

R 1 R 1 cat. [TM],-MX 

R 2 

X, cat. [TM] 

R 1 

R 2 

(b)directarylation 

Keywords: C–H bond functionalization, catalysis mechanism, palladium, ruthenium 


1. (a) Ackerman, L; Vicente, R.; Kapdi, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 9792–9826. (b) Ackermann, L. 

Modern Arylation Methods, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2009. (c) Alberico, D.; Scott, M. E.; Lautens, M. 

Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 174–238. 

2. (a) Ackermann, L.; Althammer, A.; Born, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, 45, 2619–2622. (b) Ackermann, 

L.; Althammer A.; Fenner, S. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 201–204. (c) Ackermann, L.; Fenner, S. 

Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 430–432. 

3. (a) Ackermann, L. Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 4866–4877. (b) Ackermann, L.; Novák, P.; Vicente, R.; 

Hofmann, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009, 48, 6045–6048. 

Lutz Ackermann 

b 1972 in Kiel, Germany 

Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mühlheim/Ruhr, Germany, Ph.D. 2001 

Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany, Organic Chemistry, Professor since 2007 

Research field: C–H bond functionalizations, air-stable preligands for cross coupling 

chemistry, syntheses of biologically active compounds

S2A-L4 

Fun with Organic Electrochemistry 

István E. Markó 

Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 

Over the years, chemists have been faced with growing ecological concerns and atom economical 

reactions. Beautiful multi-component reactions have been discovered and cascade processes have 

been developed to increase the efficiency of our synthetic transformations. In this regard, the use of 

electrochemistry in the selective reduction or oxidation of various functions is particularly important. 

Indeed, electricity is the cheapest and less polluting source of electrons and, by adjusting the reaction 

parameters properly, high chemoselectivity can be observed. 

In this lecture, the selective removal of a hydroxyl group under electrochemical and 

metal-promoted conditions will be presented. Subsequently, the exquisite selectivity displayed by 

allylic benzoates will then be discussed in the context of their alpha versus gamma allylation reaction. 

Reduction of hydroxyl functions 

SmI 2 , THF, HMPA or 

O 

O 

R 

C graphite electrodes 

DMF, Bu 4 NBr 

O 

OH 

+ H 

R 

Alpha versus gamma allylations 

R 

OH 

R 2 

R 1 

Cgr-Pt 

DMF 

O 

R O Ar 

+ 

O 

R 2 

R 1 

SmI 2 

HMPA 

R 

OH 

R 2 

R 1 

alpha adduct 

gamma adduct 


1. Lam, K.; Markó, I. E. Org. Lett., 2008, 10, 2773-2776. 

2. Lam, K., Markó, I. E. Chem. Commun., 2009, 95-97. 

3. Lam, K., Markó, I. E. Org. Lett., 2009, 11, 2752-2755, 

4. Lam, K., Markó, I. E. Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, 10930-10940. 

5. Lam, K., Markó, I. E. Org. Lett., 2011, 13, 406-409. 

István E. Markó 

Research field: short, efficient and stereocontrolled total synthesis of natural products, 

development of new methodologies based on multiple bonds and rings formation, 

asymmetric catalysis with and without metals, new organometallic reagents, anionic 

polycyclisation reactions, electroorganic synthesis

A2A-L5 

The Development of New Organocatalysts for Enantioselective C-C 

Bond Formation through Michael Reaction of Aldehydes to 

Nitroolefins 

Yu-Cheng Yeh, Yu-Han Tsao and Biing-Jiun Uang 

Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. (bjuang@mx.nthu.edu.tw) 

In recent years, organocatalysis has received considerable attention as one of the most important 

carbon-carbon bond formation reactions in organic synthesis. Much effort has been devoted toward developing 

efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure molecules under mild, metal-free, nontoxic, 

environmentally benign conditions. 

Since the great significances of all-carbon quaternary centers in organic synthesis, unmet challenges of 

developing efficient organocatalysts for the synthesis of -nitrocarbonyl compounds possess all-carbon 

quaternary center has attracted much interests from chemists. In addition, there were some -aminoacids with 

-substitution that possess interesting biological activity. For example, (S)-baclofen 1 (an antispastic agent), 

(R)-pregabalin 2 (an anticonvusant), (S)-rolipram 3 (an antidepressant). It is envisaged that this class of 

molecules could be synthesized from the Michael addition of acetate to -nitroolefins. 

Cl 

O 

O 

O 

O 

HO 

NH 2 

HO 

NH 2 

O 

N 

H 

(S)-baclofen 1 

(R)-pregabalin 2 

(S)-rolipram 3 

We have developed (-)-2-exo-morpholinoisoborne-10-thiol (MITH) as an effective catalyst that catalyzed 

asymmetric addition of organozinc reagents to aldehydes and give high ee in the addition products. There were 

some reports that dealt with catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of aldehydes with -nitroolefins with 

proline-camphor derivative-coupled organocatalysts. It will be interesting to know if the unique structure of 

MITH when coupled with proline to form an organocatalyst is able to catalyze asymmetric Michael reaction of 

aldehydes to trans--arylnitroalkenes. The detail of our findings will be discussed. 

Ar 

NO 2 + H 

O 

R 

R = H, Me 

catalyst (1~20 mol%) 

ArCO 2 H (0~20 mol%) 

neat, rt 

H 

O Ar 

NO 2 

R 

up to 99% ee 

Biing-Jiun Uang 

Research field: natural product synthesis, asymmetric synthetic methods (chiral auxiliary 

and chiral catalytic reactions), development of new reagents, synthesis of protease 

inhibitors

S2A-L6 

Is There a General Rule to Predict the Regiochemical Pathways 

in the Ring Opening Reactions of 2-Substituted Aziridines 

Hyun-Joon Ha 

Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 449-791, Korea. (hjha@hufs.ac.kr) 

The value of aziridine as a synthetic building block stems from the ring opening reactions whose 

reactivity depends on the substituent of the aziridine ring nitrogen. When the ring nitrogen has an 

electron-donating substituent the aziridine becomes more stable and less reactive than that bearing 

hydrogen or electron-attracting substituent. Those aziridines should be activated as aziridinium 

intermediate prior to the nucleophilic ring opening reactions. Most of the ring-opening reactions 

preceed either at C2 or C3 depending on the substituents at C2 of the aziridine. When the substituent 

is alkyl the coming nucleophile attacks at C3 while the C2 attacking occurs for the substrate bearing 

vinyl or acyl substituent at C2. 1 However, the ring opening of N-alkyl aziridinium ions by bromide 

exclusively occurs at the substituted aziridine carbon atom (C2) in a stereospecific way, whereas the 

opposite regioselectivity was observed for hydride-induced ring opening at the unsubstituted C3 

position. 2 The reactions with fluoride afforded regioisomeric mixtures of primary and secondary 

fluorides, whereas secondary β-chloro, and β-iodo amines were obtained as the sole reaction products 

from the corresponding halides by regiospecific ring opening at the substituted position. 3 With the 

same bromide ion a different regioisomer was obtained from protonated aziridinium ion with the 

breakage of bond at C3 in a stereospecific way. 4 An extensive study to explain these controversial 

regiochemical pathways of aziridine ring opening reactions made us draw a general rule counting the 

structure of substrate, the method generating aziridinium ion and the attacking nucleophile. 


1. Kim, Y.; Ha, H.-J.; Yun, S. Y.; Lee, W. K. Chem. Commun., 2008, 4363. 

2. Yun, S. Y.; Catak, S.; Lee, W. K.; D’hooghe, M.; De Kimpe, N.; Van Speybroeck, V.; Waroquier, M.; Kim, 

Y. Ha, H.-J. Chem. Commun., 2009, 2508. 

3. D’hooghe, M.; Catak, S.; Stankovic, S.; Waroquier, M.; Y.; Kim; H.-J. Ha; Van Speybroeck, V.; De Kimpe, 

N. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2010, 4920. 

4. Catak, S.; D’hooghe, M.; Verstraelen, T.; Hemelsoet, K.; Van Nieuwenhove, A.; Ha, H.-J.; Waroquier, M.; 

Van Speybroeck, V.; De Kimpe, N. J. Org. Chem., 2010, 75, 4530. 

Hyun-Joon Ha (하현준, 河炫俊 ) 

Seoul National University, Korea, B.S. (Hons) 1982 

Brown University, USA, Ph.D. 1987 

Stanford University, USA, Postdoc. 1987-1988 

Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST), Senior Research Scientist, 1988-1991 

Cambridge University, Visiting Scholar, 1993 

Research field: synthetic methods, stereoselective synthesis, enzyme and medicinal 

chemistry

S2A-L7 

New Chemical Scaffold Starting Points for Targeting Inflammation 

Preferred, Novel and Neglected Scaffolds in a Drug Discovery Program 

Mark O’Neil-Johnson, a Russell Williams, a Courtney Starks, a Gary Eldridge a and Oskar Schett b 

a Sequoia Sciences, Inc. 1912 Innerbelt Business Center Dr., Saint Louis, MO 63119, USA. (moj@sequoiasciences.com) 

b Bruker Biospin AG, Industriestrasse 26, CH-8117 Faellanden. (Oskar.Schett@bruker.ch) 

Plants have a history of producing compounds with antibacterial, cancer and CNS activities 

against multiple species for defensive purposes. Since homologous biological mechanisms exist 

across species, searching for compounds isolated from plants for novel anti-inflammatory activities 

warrants investigation. Sequoia has built an analytical process such that rapid isolation and structure 

elucidation of active compounds could be accomplished. Utilizing these advanced analytical 

techniques, Sequoia Sciences has identified preferred, novel and neglected drug-like scaffolds from its 

library containing extensively purified plant compounds. These compounds exhibit activities against 

bacteria, virus and tumor cells. Based upon these novel discoveries and the fact that Sequoia’s library 

has yet to be screened in anti-inflammatory assays, Sequoia believes that compounds with these 

biological activities are waiting to be discovered from its library and will inspire lead optimization 

programs. Some of the scaffolds Sequoia has identified have more chiral centers and non-aromatic 

rings when compared to synthetically inspired compounds. Since recent evidence from Lipkus and 

coworkers 1 suggests that the majority of known scaffolds have been neglected in drug discovery 

programs, examining preferred, novel and neglected drug-like scaffolds from plants may inspire the 

anti-inflammatory drugs of 2020. This presentation will outline the robust analytical process that 

Sequoia utilizes in the isolation of minor or secondary metabolites in plants. Certain representative 

scaffolds and compounds identified from Sequoia’s library that exhibit biological activity will be 

presented. 


1. Lipkus, et. al., J. Org. Chem., 2008, 73(12), 4443–4451. 

Mark O’Neil-Johnson 

Research field: drug discovery

S2A-L8 

Stemona Alkaloids and Derivatives with Potential Agricultural and 

Medicinal Applications 

Stephen G. Pyne 

School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. (spyne@uow.edu.au) 

The extracts of the roots of the Stemona species of plants have been used in traditional medicine 

in China, Japan and S. E. Asia to treat the symptoms of bronchitis, pertussis and tuberculosis and have 

been used as anti-parasitics on humans and animals. 1 The major bioactive phytochemicals found in 

these roots extracts are Stemona alkaloids. Some of these alkaloids have been shown to have 

significant antitussive activity in guinea pig after cough induction 2 as well as insect toxicity, 

antifeedant and repellent activities. 3,4,5 

The Stemona group of alkaloids includes more than 100 unique natural products which have been 

structurally classified into five different groups. 1 The pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine nucleus is common to all 

compounds in these groups (croomine (1) for example). In 2003 we 6 and then Greger 3 reported the 

structures of Stemona alkaloids with a pyrido[1,2-a]azepine A,B-ring system, including 

stemocurtisine 2 and oxystemokerrin 3. In 2004 we disclosed the structure of another pyrido[1,2- 

a]azepine Stemona alkaloid, stemocurtisinol 4. 4 These alkaloids comprise a new and sixth structural 

group. We 4 and Greger 3 also published the isolation of 5, a new pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine alkaloid. 

We found that compounds 2, 3 and 5 had significant larvicidal activity on malaria-carrying 

mosquito larvae (Anopheles minimus HO). 4 Stemona alkaloids have also been shown to be inhibitors 

of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 7 a property associated with insecticidal activity. 8 There is also current 

interest in AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). 8 These inhibitors act by 

increasing the acetylcholine concentration in the brain which helps improve cognitive, behavioural 

and functional impairments. The identification of new AChE inhibitors is therefore of importance for 

new applications in both agriculture and medicine. 

This lecture will overview our work on the isolation and structural elucidation of new Stemona 

alkaloids and other natural product components and report on their biological activities and indicate 

their potential applications in agriculture and medicine. 


1. Pilli, R. A.; Rosso, G. B. de Oliveira, M. C. F. “The Stemona alkaloids”, The Alkaloids, (Editor G. A. Cordell) 2005, 

Vol 62, Chapter 2, pp 77-173, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

2. Chung, H.-S.; Hon, P.-M., Lin, G.; But, P.-H.; Dong, H. Planta Med., 2003, 914–920. 

3. Kaltenegger, E.; Brem, B.; Mereiter, K.; Kalchhauser, H.; Kahlig, H.; et al. Phytochemistry, 2003, 63, 803–816. 

4. Mungkornasawakul, P.; Pyne, S. G.; Jatisatienr, A.; Supyen, D.; et al. J. Nat. Prod., 2004, 67, 675–677. 

5. Brem, B.; Seger, C.; Pacher, T.; Hofer, O.; Vajrodaya, S.; Greger, H. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 6383–6388. 

6. Mungkornasawakul, P.; Pyne, S. G.; Jatisatienr, A.; Supyen, D.; Lie, W.; et al. J. Nat. Prod., 2003, 66, 980–982. 

7. Wang, P.; Liu, A. -L.; An, Z.; Li, Z.-H.; Du, G.-H.; Qin, H.-L. Chem. Biodiv., 2007, 4, 523–530. 

8. Houghton, P. J.; Ren, Y.; Howes, M.-J. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2006, 23, 181–199. 

Stephen G. Pyne 

Research field: organic synthesis, natural products, drug discovery

S2A-L9 

Total Syntheses of Structurally Complex Polycyclic Alkaloids 

Hidetoshi Tokuyama 

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. 

(tokuyama@mail.pharm.tohoku.ac.jp) 

Since nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings are the common structural motifs in biologically 

important natural products and functional molecules, development of new synthetic methodologies for 

formation of nitrogen heterocycles have been one of the major research topic in the field of synthetic 

organic chemistry. In this talk, recently accomplished total syntheses of architecturally complex 

alkaloids will be discussed. I would like to emphasize that the development of new synthetic 

methodologies and strategies were crucial for the stereo- and regioselective assembly of the complex 

polycyclic structures. For the formation of the per-substituted indole structure contained in 

dictyodendrin A (1), we have devised a one-pot benzyne-mediated cyclization-functionalization 

strategy, which led to the completion of total syntheses of all the members of the dictyodendrin 

family. 1,2 In our total synthesis of a dimeric indole alkaloid, haplophytine (2), we have established an 

oxidative skeletal rearrangement for the construction of the characteristic left-hand segment 

containing aminal and bridged ketone. 3 The quinolizidine rings in petrosin (3) and the 16-membered 

ring have been effectively constructed by stereoselective aza-Michael reaction and ring-closingmetathesis, 

respectively. 4 

HO 

MeO 2 C 

HO 

N 

OSO 3 Na 

NH 

OH 

OH 

O 

HO 

N 

O 

Me 

N 

MeO 

MeO 

N 

H 

Me 

N 

O 

O 

O 

N 

H 

H 

N 

O 

HO 

Dictyodendrin A (1) 

(+)-Haplophytine (2) 

(–)-Petrosin (3) 


1. Okano, K.; Fujiwara, H.; Noji, T.; Fukuyama, T.; Tokuyama, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 5925. 

2. Tokuyama, H.; Okano, K.; Fujiwara, H.; Noji, T.; Fukuyama, T. Chem. Asian. J., 2011, 6, 560. 

3. Ueda, H.; Satoh, H.; Matsumoto, K.; Sugimoto, K.; Fukuyama, T.; Tokuyama, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 

2009, 48, 7600. 

4. Toya, H.; Okano, K.; Takasu, K.; Ihara, M.; Takahashi, A.; Tanaka, H.; Tokuyama, H. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 5196. 

Hidetoshi Tokuyama 

Research field: development of novel synthetic methodologies, total synthesis of structurally 

complex natural products

S2A-L10 

“Reactive” Fluorescent Probes for Heavy Metal Species 

Kyo Han Ahn, Mithun Santra, Mi Eun Jun, Yong-Suk Cho, Hyewon Seo and Olga A. Egorova 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Materials, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, 

Republic of Korea. (ahn@postech.ac.kr) 

Molecular sensing of analytes of biochemical, clinical and environmental concern with high 

selectivity and sensitivity have attracted continuing research interest, for their potential applications to 

biochemical study, disease diagnosis, and monitoring of hazardous substances. Particularly, fluorescent 

probes have attracted much attention for their high sensitivity and operational simplicity. Traditionally, 

fluorescence probes have been developed by combining a fluorophore (signaling unit) with a receptor 

that interacts with a target analyte by weak molecular interactions such as H-bonding, Lewis acid-base, 

and electrostatic interactions, namely through the receptor/signalling subunit approach. Although many 

fluorescent probes have been developed for heavy metal species, still it is challenging to achieve a 

desired level of selectivity toward some target species among competing ones, in addition to realize 

turn-on type fluorescent response for the analytes that act as quenchers. Therefore, it is highly desirable 

to devise turn-on fluorescent probes based on new disciplines. To this end, we have been exploring 

turn-on fluorescent probes based on chemical reactions, which is named as reactive probes (Scheme 1). 

Reaction-based fluorescent sensing 

through 

chemical transformations by a specific analyte, 

such as addition, displacement, lysis, etc 

Fl 

X 

Analyte 

Fl 

Y 

In this conference, I will present our recent efforts in the rational design of turn-on fluorescent 

probes for heavy metal species such as mercury, silver, gold, and palladium species. 1–5 


1. Chatterjee, A.; Santra, M.; Won, N.; Kim, S.; Kim, J. K.; Kim, S. B.; Ahn, K. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 

131, 2040. 

2. Santra, M.; Ryu, D.; Chatterjee, A.; Ko, S.-K.; Shin, I.; Ahn, K. H. Chem. Commun., 2009, 2115. 

3. Egorova, O. A.; Seo, H.; Chatterjee, A.; Ahn, K. H. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 401. 

4. Santra, M.; Ko, S.-K.; Shin, I.; Ahn, K. H. Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 3964. 

5. Jun, M. E.; Ahn, K. H. Org. Lett., 2010, 12, 2790-2793. 

Seoul National University, Korea, B.Sc. 1980 

KAIST, Korea, Ph.D., Organic Chemistry 1985 (Professor Sunngak Kim) 

Yuhan Pharmaceutical Company, Korea, 1985–1986 

POSTECH, Korea, Professor of Chemsitry, 1986 

Research field: molecular recognition and sensing, nano/bio-molecular probes and 

imaging agents, synthesis of bioconjugated hybrid molecules

S2A-L11 

Development of Molecular Probes for Imaging of 

Gene Expression and Bacteria Functions 

Bengang Xing, Qing Shao and Tingting Jiang 

Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological 

University, 637371, Singapore. (bengang@ntu.edu.sg) 

Biologically specificity is mediated by the precise and selective regulation of gene expression in 

response to intrinsic development programs and extrinsic signals. In order to understand the 

regulation of gene expression, it is essential to apply an assay with high sensitivity and fidelity that 

reports the expression at single cell level. In general, fluorescent imaging modality is among the most 

powerful assays for in vitro and in vivo detecting protein or the enzyme expression because of their 

extreme sensitivity, relative safety, and very easily handling. By studying the fluorescence molecules 

conjugated enzyme or protein substrates and evaluating their stability, cellular permeability and 

internalization properties in vitro and in vivo, the specific enzymes or proteins functions can be 

non-invasively monitored in a highly effective manner not only from cellular level but also from the 

living subjects. In our group, a series of simple and specific fluorescent probes have been developed 

to real-time image the special reporter gene expression in vitro and in vivo. The similar chemical 

probes were also applied in bacterial imaging to understand the mechanisms of the antibiotic activities 

and to monitor the inactivation of drug resistance bacterial strains. 


1. Xing, B. G.; Jiang, T. T.; Bi, W.; Yang, Y. Y.; Li, L. H.; Ma, M. L.; Chiang, C.; Xu, B.; Yeow, E. et al. 

Chem. Comm., 2011, 47, 1601. 

2. Aw, X.; Shao, Q.; Yang, Y. M.; Xing, B. G. et al. Chem. Asian. J., 2010, 5, 1317. 

3. Shao, Q.; Xing, B. G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2010, 39, 2835. 

4. Xing, B. G.; Rao, J. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 4158. 

5. Xing, B. G.; Rao, J. H.; Liu, R. R. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem., 2008, 8, 455. 

Bengang Xing 

Research field: fluorescent imaging and bionanotechnology

S2B-L1 

Synthesis of Dierctly Linked Azo-Pyrrole-Polyamide Capable of DNA 

Photocleavage and Mixed Sequence Recognition 

Chi Wi Ong 

Department of Chemistry, National Sun yat Sen University, Kaohsisung, Taiwan 804. (cong@mail.nsysu.edu.tw) 

We have devised an efficient synthesis for directly linked azo-pyrrole polyamide as a DNA minor 

groove binder. The azo-pyrrole polyamide showed moderate binding affinity, which is surprising 

since computational studies predict that an ethylene bond (a close relation to the azo-bond) should 

improve the fit to DNA minor groove. This newly designed groove binding small molecules produced 

DNase I footprints with the Hex B fragment at A-T rich as well as other mixed sequences. 

Photocleavage of DNA is produced upon irradiation with long wavelength UV light. Interestingly, the 

photoirradiation convert the azo-moiety into the Z-configuration without decomposition of the ligand, 

as substantiated by mass spectroscopy study. 

Chi Wi Ong FRSC ( 王志偉 ), b 1956 

University of Liverpool, UK, Chemistry and Pharmacology, B.Sc. (Hons) 1979 

University of Cambridge, England, Ph.D. 1982 

University of Alberta, Canada, Postdoc. 1982-1983 

National Sun Yat Sen University, Associcate Professor, 1983; Professor, 1987-present 

Research field: organic synthesis, material chemistry, medicinal chemistry, synthetic 

methodology

S2B-L2 

Richard P. Cheng and Hsien-Po Chiu 

Effect of Highly Fluorinated Amino Acids on 

Protein Secondary Structure Stability 

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. 

Introduction and Objective 

Highly fluorinated amino acids have been used to stabilize helical proteins for potential 

applications in protein-based biotechnologies, with limited studies on sheet-containing proteins. 

Herein, we present the effect of these highly fluorinated amino acids on two protein secondary 

structures: -helix and -sheet. 

Methods 

The helix propensity was measured using Ala-based peptides, whereas the effect on -sheet 

stability was explored in the protein G B1 domain (GB1). Various amino acids were studied including 

5,5,5,5’,5’,5’-hexafluroleucine, 5,5,5’,5’-tetrafluoroleucine, pentafluorophenylalanine, and 2-amino- 

4,4,4-trifluorobutyric acid. The peptides and proteins were synthesized by solid phase peptide 

synthesis. The circular dichroism spectra of the Ala-based peptides were used to derive the helix 

propensity based on modified Lifson-Roig theory. Thermal denaturation of GB1 derivatives were 

monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy and used to examine the effect on sheet stability. 

Results 

Helix propensity decreased significantly upon fluorination. In contrast, sheet stability increased 

upon introducing the fluorines. 

Conclusion 

Highly fluorinated amino acids may be more suitable for stabilizing -sheets in sheet-containing 

proteins compared to helical proteins for future biotechnological applications. 

Keywords: fluorinated amino acid, -helix, -sheet 


1. Chiu, H.-P.; Suzuki, Y.; Gullickson, D.; Ahmad, R.; Kokona, B.; Fairman, R.; Cheng, R. P. J. Am. Chem. 

Soc., 2006, 128, 15556. 

2. Chiu, H.-P.; Cheng, R. P. Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 5517. 

3. Chiu, H.-P.; Kokona, B.; Fairman, R.; Cheng, R. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 13192. 

Richard P. Cheng ( 陳平 ) 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1992 

California Institute of Technology, USA, Chemistry, Ph.D. 1998 

Research field: bioorganic chemistry, peptides and proteins, non-natural amino acids

S2B-L3 

Methylation Effects on Charge Transport in Duplex DNA 

Fangwei Shao, a Tashica T. Williams b and Jacqueline K. Barton b 

a Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological 

University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371. 

b Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125 USA. 


The core structure of duplex DNA has an array of aromatic nucleobase pairs, which provides a 

good media for efficient charge transport (CT) over long distance. Substantial evidences indicate that 

this electronic phenomenon of duplex DNA is extremely sensitive to the integrity of base pair 

stacking. [1] Nuleobase modifications, especially methylation, occur on a quite high frequency in 

human genome. Methylated bases, such as 5-methylcytosine (mC), N 6 -methyladenine, play pivotal 

roles in many biological and pathogenic processes. [2] Exocyclic methyl group in these nucleobase 

derivatives extends the hydrophobic area and significantly affects the base pair stacking. In this work, 

the effects of genome methylation on the efficiency of duplex DNA mediated charge transport are 

investigated. 

Methods 

A series of duplex DNA with identical sequence were covalently linked to a photo-oxidant 

[Rh(phi) 2 (bpy’)]Cl 3 . 5-methylcytosine was incorporated at the positions either opposite to the two 

guanine doublets or in CpG island. Charge transport through DNA was initialized via 365nm 

irradiation of Rh complex. The CT efficiency was demonstrated by guanine oxidation at proximal, 

distal doublets and CpG island. Denature PAGE gel electrophoresis was used to reveal the oxidation 

pattern and intensity liable to piperidine treatment and was visualized by phosphorimage. 

Results 

Methylated strands are successfully hybridized to [Rh(phi) 2 (bpy’)] 3+ tethered strands to form 

model duplexes. mC containing duplexes exhibit higher melting temperatures than natural duplex 

with identical sequences. Guanine oxidation at couple decade base pairs away from charge injection 

site is observed in all of the duple DNAs containing mC. The CT efficiencies are modulated by 

methylation pattern to certain extend, but not significantly. 

Conclusion 

Methylated duplex DNA achieves higher stability in base pair stacking. However, the effects 

from methylation are not pronounced well enough to facilitate DNA-mediated charge transport. 

Multiple factors from mC, besides enhanced hydrophobicity, should be taken into account. 

Keywords: methylation, methylcytosine, charge transport, DNA. 


1. Shao, F.; Augustyn, K.; Barton, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 17445-17452. 

2. Bobertson, K. D.; Jones, P. A. Carcinogenesis, 2000, 21, 461-467. 

Fangwei Shao 

b 1977 in Shanghai, China 

Fudan University, China, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1999, M.Sc. 2002 

California Institute of Technology, USA, Chemistry, Ph.D. 2008 

Research field: nucleic acid chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry and bioimaging

S2B-L4 

RXR Ligand Discovery from Natural Sources: Crystal Structure 

Analysis with Biological Function Assay 

Haitao Zhang, Lili Chen, Lihong Hu, Hualiang Jiang and Xu Shen 

Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China. 

(xshen@mail.shcnc.ac.cn) 

The nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR) functions potently in the regulation of 

homeostasis and cell development, while RXR ligands have proved their therapeutic potential in the 

treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. Natural products, for their inherently containing 

large-scale structural diversity, have been the major resources of bioactive agents. Currently, 

screening from the lab in-house natural product library, we discovered a series of compounds to be 

RXR agonists or antagonists, while their complex crystal structures with RXR have been determined. 

For example, the natural product bigelovin as a selective RXR agonist could not transactivate 

RXR:RXR homodimer, but enhance the transactivation of RXR:PPARγ heterodimer and repress 

that of RXR:LXR heterodimer. It had no effects on RXR:FXR heterodimer. Considering the 

effective role of LXR-response element (LXRE) involved transactivation of sterol regulatory element 

binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mediated by RXR:LXR in triglyceride elevation, such LXRE 

repressing by bigelovin has obviously addressed its potency for further research. The determined 

crystal structure of bigelovin-activated RXR-LBD with the coactivator SRC-1 peptide revealed that 

bigelovin adopted a distinct binding mode. Danthron was discovered as a specific RXR antagonist. 

The determined crystal structure of danthron-soaked RXR-LBD suggested a new mechanism for 

danthron antagonism against tetrameric RXR. Its ability to enhance glucose uptake and improve 

insulin sensitivity has made this natural product a promising lead compound for anti-diabetic drug 

developement. Our findings were expected to supply new insights into the structural basis of RXR 

ligand for its further potential therapeutic application. 

Xu Shen 

Research field: chemical biology

S2B-L5 

Unraveling the Structural Energetics of Protein Cages and 

Their Application to Nanomaterials 

Brendan P. Orner, Rongli Fan, Yu Zhang, Maziar S. Ardejani, Thomas A. Cornell, Aimee L. Boyle 

Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. 

Department of Chemistry, Southamption University, Southampton, United Kingdom. 

Protein-protein interactions control the assembly of higher order structure. In addition, the natural 

interactions between organic based biomolecules and minerals could be a model for the production of 

unique man-made materials. By the use of domain swapping, alanine shaving, and computer-based 

design we investigate their role in the formation of hollow, nano-scaled ferritin cage proteins. These 

mutagenesis studies have resulted in the identification of key domains and residues that strongly 

influence the assembly and the overall protein stability. Moreover, we have discovered many unique 

proteins that are highly structurally and energetically characterized which we intend to apply to the 

formation of novel inorganic nano-materials. We describe a novel two step reduction technique for the 

clean and homogeneous production of gold nano-particles and gold/silver mixed nano-particles inside 

unmodified nano-cage proteins. 

Brendan P. Orner 

Research field: chemical biology, sensors for small molecules and probes for cellular 

signal transduction,

S3-L1 

Design of Vanadium Complex Catalysts for Efficient Olefin 

Insertion/Metathesis Polymerization 

Kotohiro Nomura 

Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan. 

Transition metal-alkyl complexes are important reagents or intermediates in stoichiometric/ catalytic 

organic reactions as well as in olefin coordination and insertion polymerization. In particular, high-oxidationstate 

early transition metal alkyl complexes play essential roles for efficient olefin 

polymerization/oligomerization. High-oxidation-state early transition metal alkylidene (carbene) complexes 

have also attracted considerable attention, since they play key roles as catalysts in olefin metathesis and Wittigtype 

or group transfer reactions. Design and synthesis of the vanadium complex catalysts attract considerable 

attention, 1,2 due to the unique characteristics (notable reactivity toward olefins) observed in the classical Ziegler 

type catalysts. However, successful examples of the complex catalysts for olefin polymerization, examples for 

synthesis and reaction chemistry of vanadium–alkyls had been limited until recently. 1,2 

We focused on (imido)vanadium(V) complexes, and reported that (arylimido)vanadium(V) complexes 

containing anionic donor ligands, V(NAr)Cl 2 (L) [1-4; Ar: 2,6-Me 2 C 6 H 3 ; L: N=C t Bu 2 , OAr’], exhibited notable 

activities for ethylene (co)polymerization in the presence of Al cocatalysts, affording ultra high molecular 

weight (co)polymers. 1,3,4 The vanadium(V)-alkylidenes, prepared from the dialkyl complexes by α-hydrogen 

elimination, exhibited high activities for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (shown 

below). 2,5 

More recently, we demonstrated that the adamantly-imido analogues 

(shown right) exhibited remarkable activities for ethylene dimerization, 

affording 1-butene exclusively. 6 The TOF (turnover frequency) of 2730000 h -1 

(758 sec -1 ) with 97.0 % selectivity of 1-butene has been achieved under the 

optimized conditions. A steric bulk in the imido substituent afects the 

selectivity in this catalysis; the activity was affected by an electronic nature of 

the imido ligand. 

Keywords: catalyst design, vanadium, olefin polymerization, organometallic chemistry 

+ 

major 

(90.4->99 %) 

R N 

N V 

Cl 

R Cl 

N 


1. Nomura, K.; Zhang, S. Chem. Rev., 2011, 111, 2342. (review) 

2. Nomura, K.; Zhang, W. Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 161. (mini review) 

3. Nomura, K. et al. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 1583; 2005, 38, 5905; Adv. Synth. Catal., 2006, 348, 743. 

4. Nomura, K. et al. Organometallics, 2008, 27, 2590; 2009, 28, 5925. 

5. Nomura, K. et al. Organometallics, 2005, 24, 2248; 2008, 27, 3818; 6400; 2011, 30, ASAP (cover). 

6. Zhang, S.; Nomura, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 4960. 

R: Me, i Pr 

i Pr N 

i N 

Pr 

V 

Cl 

Cl 

N 

Kotohiro Nomura 

Research field: synthetic and mechanistic organotransition, metal chemistry, catalysis, organic 

chemistry and polymer chemistry. In particular, design of molecular catalysis for precise 

olefin polymerization, metathesis, chemoselective organic synthesis 

Vcat. 

toluene 

MAO 

Me 

Al O n 

MAO 

Vcat. 

minor

S3-L2 

High Performance Solution Processable Small Molecular Host 

Material SimCP2 for Blue and White Phosphorescence OLEDs 

Shun-Wei Liu, a Yung-Ting Chang, b Chih-Chien Lee, c Chih-Hsien Yuan, c Shi-Jay Yeh, a Min-Fei Wu, a 

Chin-Ti Chen a and Chih-I Wu b 

a Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. 

b Guraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan 

University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, Republic of China. 

c Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 10607, 

Republic of China. 

Single layer, efficient blue phosphorescence organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) utilizing a 

small molecule, bis(3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (SimCP2), as the host material are 

demonstrated. The triplet state energy (E T ) is derived from the high energy peak at 460 nm as 

measured by gated phosphorescence (10 msec of delayed time) of a SimCP2 thin film at 10 K. The 

estimated triplet state energy is about 2.70 eV, which is higher than that of blue phosphorescent 

iridium(Ш) bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2]picolinate (FIrpic) (E T = 2.64 eV). Charge 

carrier mobility is determined by the transient photocurrent of SimCP2 thin film based on the time-offlight 

(TOF) technique. At electric field of 9 10 4 V/cm, the estimated hole and electron mobility is 

about 2.4 10 -4 and 1.3 10 -4 cm 2 /Vs, respectively, a rather balanced and fast charge carrier. The 

glass transition temperature of SimCP2 is estimated to be 148 o C and no melting or crystallization 

temperature can be observed, which is indicative of amorphous nature and this is also verified by the 

featureless halo shown in power x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. Such amorphous properties are very 

unusual for small molecular material and enabling the thin film fabrication of SimCP2 by solution 

process. All active components including SimCP2, 1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl] 

phenylene (OXD-7), and FIrpic blue phosphorescent dopant are dissolved in organic solution for spincoating 

fabrication of single layer PHOLEDs. The device performances significantly exceeds other 

small-molecule-host, single layer, blue PHOLEDs fabricated by solution process. With minimum 

efficiency roll-off, maximum current efficiency of 13.6 cd/A, power efficiency of 8 lm/W, and 

Commision Internale de l’Eclairage (CIE x,y ) coordinates of (0.15,0.36) at 600 cd/m 2 have been 

achieved. Having success in blue PHOLEDs, Amorphous solution processable SimCP2 is also 

adopted in a similar method for the fabrication of white PHOLEDs. The results will be presented 

herein as well. 


1. Wu, M.-F.; Yeh, S.-J.; Chen, C.-T.; Murayama, H.; Tsuboi, T.; Li, W.-S.; Chao, I. ; Liu, S.-W.; Wang, J.-K. 

Adv. Funct. Mater., 2007, 17, 1887-1895. 

2. Tsuboi, T.; Liu, S.-W.; Wu, M.-F.; Chen, C.-T. Org. Electron., 2009, 10, 1372-1377. 

3. Jou, J.-H.; Wang, W.-B.; Chen, S.-Z.; Shyue, J.-J.; Hsu, M.-F.; Lin, C.-W.; Shen, S.-M.; Wang, C.-J.; Liu, 

C.-P.; Chen, C.-T.; Wu, M.-F.; Liu, S.-W. J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 8411-8416. 

4. Liu, S.-W.; Yuan, C.-H.; Yeh, S.-J.; Wu, M.-F.; Chen, C.-T.; Lee, C.-C. J. Soc. Inform. Displ., 2011, 19, in press. 

Chin-Ti Chen 

b 1959 in Taipei, Taiwan 

Tamkang University, Taiwan, Applied Chemistry, B.Sc. 1982 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 1984 

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Inorganic Chemistry, Ph.D. 1992 

Research field: organic optoelectronics

S3-L3 

Chiral Ar-M Complexes Mediated Asymmetric Synthesis of 

Functionalized Chiral Phosphines 

Pak-Hing Leung 


University, Singapore 637371, Singapore. (pakhing@ntu.edu.sg) 

In the past decade, we have designed the electronic and structural features of a family of chiral Ar-M 

complex systematically for various synthetic and spectroscopic applications. This family of chiral 

complexes can be used in many aspects of synthetic stereochemistry. For example, they have been used as 

highly sensitive diamagnetic shift reagents for the determination of enantiomeric purities by NMR 

spectroscopy, as clear and reliable stereochemical references for the NMR assignment of absolute 

configurations of new compounds in solution and as highly versatile catalysts in several stereochemically 

demanding asymmetric transformation reactions. In this talk, the synthesis and reactivity of a range of 

chiral Ar-Pd and Ar-Pt complexes will be presented. The application of these complexes in asymmetric 

hydroamination, hydrophosphination, hydroarsination, insertion, Claisen Rearrangement, stereospecific 

transformation of diastereomers to optically pure enantiomers, Diels-Alder reaction, stepwise asymmetric 

activation of prochiral substrates on phosphines and, of course, optical resolution will be illustrated . 

Me 

H 

Me 

N 

Me 

Pd 

NCMe 

NCMe 

H 

ClO 4 

- 

R 2 

O 

PPh 2H 

* R 1 

O 

Ph 2P 

[Pd] 

PPh 2H 

PPh 2H 

R 1 

R 2 

Proton transfer 

PHPh 2 

[P d] 

O 

R 2 

 

P R 1 

Ph 2 

[Pd ] 

R 2 

+ PPh 2H 

O 

[Pd] 

R 1 

PPh 2H 

Et 3N 

R 2 

deprotonate 

O 

PPh 2 

R 1 

Pak-Hing Leung ( 梁百興 ) 

b 1956 in Hong Kong 

Australian National University, Australia, Ph.D. 1986 

University of Toronto and University of Chicago, Posdoc. 1987-1989 

National University of Singapore, Singapore, Lecturer-Professor, 1989-2005 

Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Professor and Vice Dean, Associate Chair, HOD, 2005-present 

Awards: University Researcher Award (NUS, 1998), 12 Teaching Awards (1993-2008) 

Research field: asymmetric catalysis, chiral phosphine synthesis, gold anti-cancer drugs

S3-L4 

Matrix Effect in the quasi-Homogeneous Nanogold Catalyst 

Hidehiro Sakurai 

Research Center for Molecular Scale Nanoscience, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan. 

(hsakurai@ims.ac.jp) 

We have demonstrated that gold nanoclusters stabilized by hydrophilic polymers exhibits superior 

catalytic activity toward the aerobic oxidation including alcohol oxidation and homocoupling of 

organoboron compounds. 1 Poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (PVP) has been utilized as a typical and 

standard polymer for the stabilizer for the Au catalyst. In this paper we would like to discuss about 

the potentially useful features of the designer polymers in controlling the reactivity of quasihomogeneous 

metal clusters. 2 This tactic resembles that used in developing molecular catalysts by 

rational design of their ligands. We believe that the polymer-supported nanogold clusters should 

possess new characteristics that are quite different from those of heterogeneous catalysts, and 

effective collaboration with polymer scientists could be a fascinating direction to pursue. 


1. A review: Tsukuda, T.; Tsunoyama, H.; Sakurai, H. Chem. Asian J., 2011, 6, 736-748. 

2. For example, Kanaoka, S.; Yagi, N.; Fukuyama, Y.; Aoshima, S.; Tsunoyama, H.; Tsukuda, T.; Sakurai, H. 

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 12060. 

Hidehiro Sakurai 

Research field: chemistry of bowl-shaped aromatic compounds, chemistry of metal 

nanocluster catalysts

S3-L5 

Amazing Chemistry of Silanols: to Next Generation Materials 

Masafumi Unno 

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and International Education and Research Center for Silicon Science, 

Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan. 

Since the first synthesis of silicon compound in mid-19th century, silicon compounds have been 

widely utilized in organic synthesis. Among them, silanols are recognized as reactive intermediates to 

form siloxanes. Before our research, studies on silanols were limited to the isolation and structure 

determination by introducing bulky substituents for stabilization. Therefore the reactions starting from 

silanols were mostly undiscovered. 

We have found that introducing medium-size substituents is effective for isolation as well as 

utilization of silanols as starting materials. In this presentation, our 15 years of research on silanol 

chemistry is summarized. That includes composition of supramolecular aggregates and usages as 

starting compounds of the siloxanes or silsesquioxanes with highly regulated structures. Those 

compounds show various outstanding features like thermal stability, transparency, and physiological 

inertness. Among these compounds, ladder-type silsesquioxanes are highlighted this time. 

Keywords: Silanol, Silsesquioxane, Structure Determination, High-functional Materials 


1. Tanaka, R.; Kowase, S.; Unno, M. Dalton Trans., 2010, 39, 9235–9237. 

2. Unno, M.; Kakiage, K.; Yamamura, M.; Kogure, T.; Kyomen, T.; M. Hanaya, M. Appl. Organomet. Chem., 

2010, 24, 247–250. 

3. Liu, H.; Kondo, S.; Takeda, N.; Unno, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 10074–10075. 

4. Unno, M.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Kishimoto, Y.; Matsumoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 2256–2263. 

5. Unno, M.; Suto, A.; Matsumoto, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 1574–1575. 

Masafumi Unno (Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Director of 

International Education and Research Center for Silicon Science, Gunma University) 

b 1961 in Nishinomiya, Japan 

The University of Tokyo, Japan, Organic Chemistry, B.S. 1983 

The University of Tokyo, Japan, Organic Chemistry, D.S. 1988 

Research field: organosilicon, silicon materials, silanol and siloxane

Abstracts 

Oral Presentations

Session S1 

Analytical Technologies 

(S1–O1 - S1–O16)

S1-O1 

Enhancement of Fluorescence Quenching Ability of DPPH by 

Colloidal Nanocrystalline Quantum Dot in Aqueous Micelle 

Tuanjai Noipa, a Surangkhana Martwiset, a Nutthaya Butwong, a Thawatchai Tuntulani b and 

Wittaya Ngeontae a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 

Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 


Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that have been receiving much attention as 

fluorescent probe. Since the fluorescence intensity of QDs depends on the surface states of the QDs, 

one would expect that interactions between free radicals and the QDs surface may influence the 

efficiency of the electron-hole recombination process, leading to luminescence change of the QDs. 

The objective of this work is to study the quenching of thioglycolic acid-capped CdS quantum dots 

(CdS-TGA QDs) by an organic free radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ) and to enhance 

the quenching ability by an assistance of surfactants. 

Methods 

CdS-TGA QDs are synthesized and used for sensing DPPH . The effects of various parameters 

on the fluorescence quenching of CdS-TGA QDs are investigated. The CdS-TGA QDs are further 

modified by an addition of various types of surfactants, and their consequential fluorescence 

quenching abilities are studied. Possible mechanisms of the interactions between the QDs and DPPH 

in the absence and in the presence of surfactants are also discussed. 

Results 

The suitable working solution is 100 mM acetate buffer pH 4.6. A decrease in fluorescence 

intensity of CdS-TGA QDs is proportional to the concentration of DPPH and corresponds well with 

the Stern-Volmer’s relationship with K sv of 1.4×10 4 M -1 . Different types of surfactants are introduced 

into CdS-TGA QDs to increase the detection sensitivity. The fluorescence intensity of CdS-TGA QDs 

is greatly enhanced by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The quenching efficiency in 

CTAB micellar system is 10 times higher than that in the system without micelle. Moreover, the 

quenching mechanisms in the two systems are different. In the buffer solution, the DPPH can quench 

the fluorescence intensity of CdS-TGA QDs and retains its radical form, whereas in the presence of 

CTAB, the fluorescence quenching is due to the H + transfer to DPPH to generate DPPH-H species. 

Conclusion 

The fluorescence intensity of CdS-TGA QDs can be quenched by DPPH and corresponds well 

with the Stern-Volmer’s relationship. In addition, the quenching ability can be improved by the 

assistance of cationic surfactant. This approach may be further developed as a fluorescence probe for 

evaluation of antioxidant capacity. 

Keywords: cadmium sulfide, quantum dots, micelle, DPPH radical, fluorescence quenching 


1. Tansakul, C.; Lilie, E.; Walter, E.D.; Rivera III, F.; Wolcott, A.; Zhang, J.Z.; Millhauser, G.L.; Braslau, R. 

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 7793-7805. 

2. Maurel, V.; Laferriére, M.; Billone, P.; Godin, R.; Scaiano, J.C. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 16353-16358. 

Tuanjai Noipa (เตือนใจ นอยพา) Ph.D. Student 

b 1976 in Kalasin, Thailand 

Mahasarakham University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1999 

Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: nanoparticles

S1-O2 

Photon Flux Densitometry of Agricultural Area in Thailand: 

The Study Through Ground Truth Remote Sensing 

Suphachock Upalee, Sunanta Wangkarn and Saisunee Liawruangrath* 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 

Huay Kaew Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Remote sensing is referring to as an art of method that retrieves or collects data from targets 

without contacting them directly. Many parameters have been monitored with remote sensing and 

telemetry with various sensors. Photon flux is one of the most keys in agricultural extension which 

indicates the suite plants could be farmed on the focused area. Densitometry is a method that counts 

the flux of photon in the unit of Watt per square meter beyond the time of measure. The expert system 

has been used to determine whatever matching between the flux density and the requirement of the 

plant which has been tested by the phytotron. 

Methods 

Photon flux meter has been constructed using LDR (Light Dependency Resistor) and the static 

10 kilo Ohms wire value (accurate) resistor shown in schematic 1. PIN-1 is connected to ground and 

PIN-3 is connected to 5VDC. The output can be carried out by measure the potential between PIN-1 

and PIN-2. The mV count of output could be read by internal 10-bit ADC of ATMEGA8 AVR 

microprocessor where 1024 different steps are provided. The calibration can be archived by place the 

circuit under the phytotron and set the phytotron to generate the flux from 200 to 800 W/m 2 . The 

linear calibration between photon flux and the mV count could be defined related to the equation. 

Photon flux meters have been connected to data loggers to log the data through the storage 

devices. Place the photon flux meters in the focused area in rectangular, circular and triangular 

perimeter. The frequency of the data recorder is 30 minute all over the day. After a year, a flux 

densitometry is normalized and calculated by the expert system. The plant flux database has been paired 

with the flux data to perform suitable species to be planted in season on the focused area. 

Schematic 1: LDR circuit 

Results 

After a year, the circular, triangular and rectangular perimeter normalization have no 

significantly different. The flux density increases from November to May and drops from Jun to 

October. The data records are preparing to import to the expert system which is on progress for data 

coding using Microsoft Visual Basic as a programming tool. 

Conclusion 

LDR has been successfully used as a photon flux meter and the ground truth data has been 

successfully retrieved. 

Keywords: photon flux, LDR, ground truth, remote sensing 


1. Katsuyoshi I., Light and Plant Growth, Tokai University, Japan, 2003 

Suphachock Upalee (ศุภโชค อุปาลี) Ph.D. Student 

b 1973 in Chiang Mai, Thailand 

Maejo University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2001 

The University of Jinan, China P.R., Mechatronic and Sensor, Cert., 2009 

Research field: intelligence processor and sensors on analytic device

S1-O3 

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic 

Analysis of Penicillin Residues in Milk Samples 

After Mixed Micelle-cloud Point Extraction 

Chunyapuk Kukusamude, Apichai Santalad, Suthasinee Boonchiangma, Rodjana Burakham, Supalax 

Srijaranai 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 



Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics which are widely used in livestock for treatment of bacterial 

infections, promote growth and maintain animal health. The antibiotic residues can have undesirable 

effects on consumer health such as allergies and the appearance of drug-resistant strains. To protect 

the health of consumers, food should be monitored and controlled the penicillin residues using a 

sensitive and reliable analytical method. Therefore, an appropriate method for the determination of 

penicillin residues in milk should be developed. The objective of this work is to develop cloud-point 

extraction (CPE) based on mixed micellar extractants of triton x-114 and CTAB for extraction and 

preconcentration of penicillin antibiotics including ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin and cloxacillin in 

milk samples prior to analysis by HPLC. 

Methods 

The parameters affecting CPE include pH of sample solution, concentration of reagents (CTAB, 

Triton X-114 and electrolyte salt), equilibration temperature and incubation time, were optimized. 

Results 

The proposed method showed good linearity in the range 0.002-10 μg mL -1 with correlation 

coefficients greater than 0.999. CPE provided LODs 15-40 times enhancement compared to those 

without preconcentration. Limits of detection were 2-3 ng mL -1 . Good reproducibility (RSD < 5%), 

and high accuracy (recovery > 80 %) were obtained. 

Conclusion 

The proposed mixed micelle-CPE-HPLC method has shown to be of high potential for the 

analysis of penicillin residues in milk with LOD comparable to the established maximum residue 

limits (4-30 ng ml -1 ). 

Keywords: antibiotics, penicillins, mixed micelle-cloud point extraction, HPLC, milk 


1. Kantiani, L.; Farré, M.; Barcelό, D. Trends Anal. Chem., 2009, 28, 729-744. 

2. Santos, S. M.; Henriques, M.; Duarte, A. C.; Esteves, V. I. Talanta, 2007, 53, 731-737. 

Chunyapuk Kukusamude (ชัญภักต คูคูสมุทร) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Khon Kaen, Thailand 

Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2005 

Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: antibiotics, high performance liquid chromatography, cloud-point extraction

S1-O4 

Development of Simultaneously Carbaryl, Dimethoate and 

Fenvalerate Residual Extraction in Tangerine (Sai Nam Pung) 

by Using SPE Technique and Detection with HPLC and LC/MS 

Wachiraporn Khewmung, a Orn-anong Arquero, a, b Teraboon Pojanagaroon, a and Krisana Jitmanee a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 


b Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Huay Kaew Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


The application of pesticides on fruits for pest control has progressively increased. The persistence 

and toxicity of residue has led to the serious in food safety problem and human health. It has been 

necessary to develop accurate analytical method for quantitative analysis. The purpose of this research 

is to develop the simultaneously carbaryl, dimethoate and fenvalerate residual extraction in Tangerine 

(Sai Nam Pung) including HPLC and LC/MS Optimization. 

Methods 

The method is based on solvent extraction by ultrasonication. The extract was evaporated to near 

dryness and redissolved in distilled water after that passed through a SPE cartridge. The analytes were 

eluted with eluting solvent. The eluate of each eluting solvent was combined and finally injected to 

HPLC and LC/MS system. The extracting solvent, sonication time and the clean-up step were studied 

including the extraction procedure without clean-up step. 

Results 

The sonication time at 15 min in the presence of a mixture of ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol in 

a ratio of 1:1:1 (v/v) was much more effective and appropriate than the others. The clean-up step was 

accomplished on a C18 cartridge, which carbaryl and fenvalerate were eluted with acetone-water in a 

ratio of 7:3 (v/v) and acetonitrile, respectively. However, dimethoate was not retained in the cartridge 

owing to its polar property. 

Conclusion 

The HPLC and LC/MS were satisfactory and sensitivity techniques. LC/MS does offer advantages 

for the simultaneous determination of dimethoate, carbaryl and fenvalerate pesticides in orange peel. 

Keywords: orange, dimethoate, carbaryl, fenvalerate, SPE, liquid chromatography 


1. Liu, M.; Hashi, Y.; Song, Y.; Lin, J. M. J. Chromatogr. A., 2005, 1907, 183-187. 

2. De Kok, A.; Hiemstra, M.; Brinkman, U. A. Th. J. Chromatogr., 1992, 623, 265-276. 

3. Marvin, C. H.; Brindle, I. D.; David Hall, C.; Chiba, M. Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 1495-1498. 

Wachiraporn Kheowmung (วชิราภรณ เขียวมั้ง) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.S. 2002 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.S. 2005 

Research field: pesticide, environment and agriculture

S1-O5 

Gel Electrophoresis with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma 

Mass Spectrometry for Investigation of Metal Binding Rice Protein 

Usarat Kumtabtim, Juwadee Shiowatana and Atitaya Siripinyanond 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 



Metal binding rice proteins are major focus of research in biotechnology and agriculture because 

of their functions that are related to transportation, storage and detoxification of trace elements in 

different parts of rice organism. In this study, gel electrophoresis and laser ablation inductively 

coupled plasma mass spectrometry for investigation of metal binding rice proteins was carried out. 

Methods 

Rice samples were ground with a laboratory mill. The flour was defatted with hexane and dried 

under a hood at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Rice flour (0.1 g) was suspended in 1,000 l of 

SDS extraction buffer to obtain total rice protein in supernatant. Albumin, globulin, glutelin and 

prolamin were extracted from rice flour following a method of Osborne’s classical fractionation 

scheme. Twenty milliliters from each rice protein fraction was separated with native and denatured 

PAGE. The gel was air-dried on a cellophane film for 2-3 days. Metal binding rice proteins were 

analyzed directly by LA-ICP-MS after 1D gel electrophoresis. Enriched metal gel standards with 

well-defined concentrations of interested metals were prepared for the quantification of analytical 

data. 

Results 

The patterns of total rice protein and proteins from individual fraction were successfully 

examined by native and denatured PAGE. The total rice proteins were resolved into distinct bands 

that spanned a broad range of apparent molecular weights from 13 kDa to higher than 86 kDa. 

Differences in four soluble protein band patterns were observed. The elemental distributions of 

extracted rice protein obtained from native and denatured PAGE were compared. The good linear 

correlation coefficients of enriched metal gel standards were obtained. 

Conclusion 

SDS-PAGE was shown to be a suitable method for separation of rice proteins. Gel 

electrophoresis with LA-ICP-MS was shown to be a suitable method for investigation of metal 

binding rice protein. 

Keywords: rice protein, metal binding protein, gel electrophoresis, LA-ICP-MS 


1. Ahmed, A.; Sukumar, S.; Krishnan, H. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 476-482. 

2. Padhye, V. W.; Salunkhe, D. K. Cereal Chem., 1979, 56, 389-344. 

3. Becker, J. S.; Zority, M.; Przybylski, M. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 2007, 22, 63-68 

Usarat Kumtabtim (อุษารัตน คําทับทิม) Ph.D. Student 

b 1977 in Suphanburi, Thailand 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1998 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: trace metal analysis and elemental imaging of biological samples

S1-O6 

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Trace Elements 

and Speciation Analysis in Petroleum Matrices 

Nopparat Vorapalawut, a,b Pawel Pohl, b,c Brice Bouyssiere, b Atitaya Siripinyanond, a Juwadee Shiowatana a 

and Ryszard Lobinski b,d 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 


b CNRS/UPPA, Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2, Av. Pr. 

Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. 

c Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland. 

d Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland. 


Quadrupole based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- Q MS) is a reliable and 

fast multielement trace analysis of petroleum samples. However, the inherent problems related to 

plasma instability, carbon deposition on the interface cones and carbon-related polyatomic 

interferences are presented. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a method for trace 

element analysis and investigate the molecular binding of trace element in petroleum samples using 

double focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SF MS) allowing the 

elimination of polyatomic interference from organic matrix. 

Methods 

ICP-SF MS instrument (Element XR, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) operated at 

resolution of 4000 was used. The mass spectrometer was fitted with a modified DS-5 micro flow total 

consumption nebulizer (CETAC, Omaha, NE) mounted to a laboratory-made low-volume (8 ml) 

single-pass jacketed glass spray chamber without drain. Micro-SEC separation was carried out using 

three micro-type styrene-divinylbenzene gel permeation columns connected in series. Normal phase 

HPLC separation was carried out using column packed with 5 mm totally porous silica gel. 

Results 

The developed method based on the micro-flow (FI) injection total consumption sample 

introduction ICP-SF MS (R=4000) offered the detection limits down to 1 ng g -1 . The calibration 

curves were linear (R0.998) up to 1000 ng g -1 . The precision was about 1% RSD. The method was 

validated by the analysis of NIST 1084a and 1085b SRMs. The results demonstrated the good 

agreement between the determined and certified concentrations. The method was applied to 

multielement (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn) analysis of two crude oil and two oil residue samples. 

An insight into the chemical forms of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, S, Si, V and Zn was gained by SEC coupled 

with ICP-SF MS. The results show element- and sample origin-dependent morphology. Normal phase 

HPLC-ICP-SF MS and SEC-ICP-SF MS were proposed to evaluate the purity of the silicon standard 

compounds, their reactivity with different petroleum related matrices and speciation of silicon. 

Conclusion 

The combination of a FI sample introduction via total consumption nebulizer and single-pass 

low-volume spray chamber with ICP-SF MS allowed the development of a sensitive, free from 

polyatomic interferences and reliable method for the determination of trace element and speciation 

analysis in petroleum samples. 

Keywords: petroleum, trace analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, laser ablation 


1. Duyck, C.; Miekeley N.; Porto da Silveira, C. L.; Aucélio, R.Q.; Campos, R. C.; Grinberg, P.; Brandão, G. 

P. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B., 2007, 62, 939-951. 

Nopparat Vorapalawut (นพรัตน วรพลาวุฒิ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Nakhonpathom, Thailand 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc.2006 

Research field: trace element analysis in petroleum samples

S1-O7 

Development of Eggshell Membranes as Solid Phase Adsorbent for 

Preconcentration of Cd(II), Pb (II) and Ni(II) Coupled with Flame 

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 

Tanawat Duangkum, Prinya Masawat, Yuthapong Udnan and Wipharat Chaiyasit 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 

Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


Eggshell membrane (ESMs) has several surface functional groups such as carboxyl groups 

(R-COOH), amines (R-NH 2 ), amides (R-CO-NR 2 ). These functional groups could therefore capture 

metal ions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop the preconcentration material from 

natural source, which is inexpensive, environmentally benign and biodegradable to use as a solid 

phase adsorbent for preconcentration of some heavy metals contaminated in Nan River. 

Methods 

ESMs of hen and duck were studied in two types; natural and boiled ESMs. ESMs were kept from 

waste and thoroughly washed with deionized water. Then the ESMs were carefully peeled, soaked in 

nitric acid and rinsed with DI water. Finally, the ESMs were dried and milled. Fourier Transform 

Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used for 

characterization of natural and boiled ESMs. The ESMs were studied for preconcentration of Cd(II), 

Pb(II) and Ni(II) in batch method. 

Results 

The FT-IR spectra showed broad -OH stretching absorption band at 3419 cm -1 and C-H stretching 

at 2930 cm -1 . The peaks observed at 1652 and 1534 cm -1 represented the amide I and II absorption 

bands, respectively. These functional groups could therefore capture metal ions. The SEM images 

showed that the boiled hen and duck ESMs were more destroyed than natural ESMs. 

Conclusion 

The information of ESMs by FT-IR showed that the important functional groups of ESMs in two 

types is resemble but SEM images of boiled hen and duck ESMs showed that the membrane fibers 

were mostly destroyed. This may be having an effect on adsorption of heavy metals. Therefore, the 

natural duck eggshell membranes (Dn-ESMs) were selected as preconcentration sorbent, which waste 

Dn-ESMs were collected from the biggest Thai dessert factory. 

Keywords: cadmium, lead, nickel, eggshell membranes and preconcentration 


1. Zhang,Y.; Wang, W.; Li, L.; Huang, Y.; Cao, J. Talanta. 2010, 80, 1907-1912. 

2. Sweileh, J. A. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003, 375, 450-455. 

Tanawat Duangkum (ธนวัฒน ดวงคํา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Phetchabun, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: analytical chemistry

S1-O8 

Preparation and Characterization of 

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Coumaphos 

Paratthakorn Iamaram, a Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit a and Somyote Sutthivaiyakit b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 

Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 

University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 


Molecularly imprinting technology (MIT) refers to preparation of a polymer with special 

recognition properties of a specific target molecule. Coumaphos is an acaricide widely used to control 

Varroa jacbsoni in beehives. It implies a risk of contamination of honey. The aim of this work was to 

prepare and characterize molecularly imprinted polymer for coumaphos. 

Methods 

The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by using coumaphos template, 

suitable type of monomer and crosslinker in toluene as via non-covalent method. The non-imprinted 

polymer (NIP) was synthesized using the same procedure but without template. The template: 

monomer: crosslinker (T:M:X) ratio was then optimized using three level full factorial design to 

predict a MIP with the highest rebind capacity in a solid phase extraction (SPE). To characterize MIP, 

three models i.e., Langmuir (L), Freundlich (F) and Langmuir-Freundlich (LF) were fitted to log plot 

of the experimental adsorption isotherm. The selectivity of the template for coumaphos was also 

tested. All experiments were done at least in duplicate. 

Results 

The predicted optimum containing a T: M: X ratio of 1:10:51.25 was produced in duplicate. The 

average percentage of rebind capacity by this MIP was 90.67±1.05 % (n=4). The prediction of 

percentage from chemometrics method was 91.70 %. The system provided highest capacity and 

selectivity for coumaphos while low capacity and selectivity for other compounds. Binding properties 

of MIP can be calculated from the binding isotherm by fitting the adsorption isotherm to specific 

binding model using the solver function to minimize the coefficients of determination (R 2 ) to 1 by 

varying fitting parameters. Coefficients of determination (R 2 ) were 0.9776, 0.8774 and 0.9996 for L, F 

and LF model, respectively. The number of binding sites (N t ), median binding affinity constant (K 0 ) 

and heterogeneity index (m) obtained from the best model were 63.731±0.914 µmolg -1 , 1.550 mM -1 

and 0.802±0.048, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Chemometrics proved useful in predicting an optimum T: M: X ratio for the synthesis of MIP. 

The coumaphos MIP can effectively discriminate coumaphos in a mixture sample indicating the 

potential use of MIP as a selective solid phase extractant to determine coumaphos in honey. 

Keywords: molecularly imprinted polymer, coumaphos 


1. Davies, M. P.; Biasi, V. D.; Perrett, D. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, 504, 7-14. 

2. Pereira, L. A.; Rath, S. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2009, 393, 1063-1072. 

Paratthakorn Iamaram (ปรัตถกร เอี่ยมอราม) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Khonkean, Thailand 

Kasetsart University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.S. 2007 

Research field: molecularly imprinted polymer and pesticide analysis

S1-O9 

Determination of Glucosamine by Sequential Injection 

Chromatography (SIC) with Fluorescence Detector 

Arthit Bunma, Kate Grudpan and Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun 


Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand. 


Glucosamine is reported for treatment for osteoarthritis pain, rehabilitating cartilage, renewing 

synovial fluid and repairing joints. Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP- 

HPLC) with ultraviolet detector is widely used for determination of glucosamine. Disadvantages of 

the technique include long time analysis, expensive and toxic mobile phase used. In this work, 

Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) with fluorescence detector and derivatization technique is 

investigated for glucosamine assay. 

Methods 

The Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) was set up for the study on determination of 

glucosamine using derivatization method. The fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) was 

used for derivatizing agent and methanol in water was used as mobile phase. 

Results 

The excitation wavelength and emission wavelength were 265.0 nm and 315.0 nm, respectively. 

The optimum of mobile phase ratio for separated glucosamine without interfere was 22% of methanol. 

Conclusion 

The Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) with fluorescence detector was investigated for 

the determination of glucosamine. The methanol can be used as mobile phase. This can replace most 

toxicity mobile phase used in the conventional RP-HPLC. 

Key words: glucosamine, SIC, FMOC-Cl 


1. Zhang, L.; Huang, T.; Fang, X.; Li, X.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Sha, X. J. Chromatogr. B., 2006, 842, 8-12. 

2. Zhu, X.; Cai, J.; Yang, J.; Su, Q. Carbohydr. Res., 2005, 340, 1732-1738. 

Arthit Bunma (อาทิตย บุญมา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Phichit, Thailand 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. student 

Research field: analytical

S1-O10 

Chemiluminescence Microfluidic Device for 

Monitoring of Nitrite in Water 

Nunnapus Laitip, a Napaporn Youngvises b and Waraporn Threeprom a,c * 


Rajathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit center, Prathum Thani 

12121, Thialand. 

c* Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi campus, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand. 

c* Email: wthreeprom@yahoo.com, Tel: 034-585059 ext. 1326 Fax: 034-585077 


Nitrite, a common inorganic compound and toxic pollutant, represents as one of wide spread 

contaminants in environment. Drinking water is one of major source of human exposure to nitrite. The 

nitrite is mainly concern due to its significant effects on human health and has been found to form a 

carcinogenic. Therefore, determination of nitrite has attracted much attention for environmental 

protection purposes. In this work, a technique was developed for fast and cost effective detection on 

nitrite and the suitability of chemiluminescence microfluidic device for determination of nitrite in 

water was investigated. 

Methods 

This method is based on chemiluminescence detection. The reaction of nitrite is occurred between 

peroxynitrous acid produced from a mixing of acidified hydrogen peroxide and alkaline luminol 

solution resulting in emissing a CL intensity, which can be detected by photomultiplier tube. The 

reaction was run on the microfluidic device. 

Results 

The interrelated chemical parameters involved in the CL reaction were investigated by univariate 

and simplex optimization method at the flow rate of 110 µL/min. Under optimized condition, the 

method provided a linear range from 1.0 x 10 -6 M to 1.0 x 10 -4 M, the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2.7 

x 10 -7 M and a sampling frequency of 20 h -1 . The relative standard deviation of ten repeated 

determinations of 5.0 x 10 -5 M nitrite was 3.6 %. The major potential ions interference were studied 

and eliminated by cation exchange column. 

Conclusion 

The CL microfluidic device for nitrite analysis base on oxidation of analyte with hydrogen 

peroxide in the present of luminol exhibited a simple and sensitive technique with fewer reagents and 

sample consumption. The proposed method presented a low limit of detection of 0.27 µM nitrite 

which was lower than the WHO regulation level of nitrite in drinking water. 

Keywords: chemiluminescence, microfluidic device 


1. Mikuska, P.; Vecera, Z. Anal. Chem.Acta, 2003, 495, 225-232. 

2. Lu, C.; Qu, F.; Lin, J.M.; Yamada, M. Anal.Chem. Acta, 2002, 474, 107-114. 

Nunnapus Laitip (นันทนภัส ลายทิพย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Phattalung, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied analytical and inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2010 

Research field: microfluidic device

S1-O11 

Direct Analysis of Urine for Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder 

Jirayu Sitanurak, a,b Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong, a,c Prapin Wilairat a,b and Duangjai Nacapricha a,b 

a Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (First labs). 

b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumwit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. 


Trace urinary iodine is a major biochemical marker for evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder 

or IDD, which affects body growth and brain development. A recommended WHO method for 

measuring iodine in urine utilizes kinetic property of iodide on a redox reaction between Ce(IV) and 

As(III) (known as Sandell and Kolthoff reaction). In this method, manual acid digestion is necessary 

to eliminate matrix interferences prior the kinetic determination. Herein, we report development of a 

new method for direct analysis of iodine in urine. The new method utilizes strong anion exchange 

resin together with flow injection system for automatic sample clean-up and detection. 

Methods 

A flow injection system furnished with a minicolumn packed with strong anion exchange resin 

was investigated for urine pretreatment prior the analysis by Sandell and Kolthoff reaction. Iodide 

was trapped and eluted from the minicolumn using NaNO 3 eluent solutions. Selected zone of the 

eluate was switched for injection and merging with streams of asenious and ceric solutions, 

respectively. Disappearance of yellow color of ceric was spectrophotometrically monitored at 420 nm. 

Results 

A linear calibration curve (r 2 = 0.997) was obtained from 0 to 100 µg I/L. The calibration was a 

plot between logarithm of absorbance of Ce(IV) and iodide concentration. The results have shown 

that the use of anion exchange resin was effective in terms of urine clean up and preconcentration of 

iodide. The method will be applied in urine samples and the results will be compared with the 

standard method. 

Conclusion 

A flow system with on-line minicolumn was successfully developed for determination of iodine 

in urine. The minicolumn consisted of a strong anion exchange resin performed well in selectively 

trapping of iodide ion in urine. The proposed system is simple, fully automated and is a direct 

analysis. As the developed system can accommodate large number of samples thus the flow system 

can be a valuable tool for evaluation of Iodine Deficiency Disorder in populations. 

Keywords: iodine, urine, iodine deficiency disorder, flow injection analysis, anion exchange resin, 

on-line solid phase extraction 


1. Abraham, G.E.; Flechas, J.D.; Hakala, J.C. The Original Internist, 2004, 19–32. 

2. Nacapricha, D.; Muangkaew, S.; Ratanawimarnwong, N.; Shiowatana, J.; Grudpan, K. Analyst, 2001, 126, 

121–126. 

Jirayu Sitanurak (จิรายุ สิตานุรักษ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Bangkok, Thailand 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 

Research field: flow-based technique, sensor development

S1-O12 

Size Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared from 

Various Synthesis Conditions 

Pornwilard M-M, Wilaiwan Somchue, Juwadee Shiowatana and Atitaya Siripinyanond 




Selenium is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans, plays important roles in 

antioxidant defense systems, regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism, and cell growth. It is known 

that the bioavailability and toxicity of Se depends on the chemical form. Several studies have shown 

that organic selenium such as selenomethionine (selenium yeast) is more bioavailable than inorganic 

sources of selenium such as selenate or selenite. However, selenomethionine preparation is 

complicated because it involves the use of fermentation process of yeast. Therefore, this work reports 

the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using various stabilizers. Characterization of SeNPs 

with different techniques was also performed. 

Methods 

Selenium nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction of sodium selenite at room 

temperature. Various stabilizers solution was mixed with reducing agent under magnetic stirring. 

Sodium selenite solution was then added into the mixtures to initiate the reaction. The solutions 

changed from colorless into red. The products were characterized by flow field-flow fractionation 

(Fl-FFF) and TEM. Moreover, the SeNPs were studied for their bioaccessibility by continuous flow 

dialysis system. 

Results 

The particle size of selenium nanoparticles varies depending upon the type of stabilizers. In this 

study, albumin from chicken egg white (OVA) and two polysaccharides (pectin and alginate) were 

selected as stabilizer because they have high nutritional value and generally recognized as safe. From 

the result, the SeNPs with alginate stabilizer show the uniform size, however the stability is very poor. 

The continuous flow dialysis system was performed for evaluation of the bioaccessibility of selenium 

nanoparticles. 

Conclusion 

The SeNPs can be easily prepared. The results from Fl-FFF and TEM present the different sizes 

of selenium nanoparticles with different stabilizers. The continuous flow dialysis system is a suitable 

method for investigating the bioaccessibility of SeNPs. 

Keywords: selenium, nanoparticles, Fl-FFF, continuous flow dialysis system, bioaccessibility 


1. Wang, H.; Zhang, J.; Yu, H. Free Radical Bio. Med., 2007, 42, 1524-1533. 

2. Peng, D.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Q.; Taylor, E. W. J. Inorg. Biochem., 2007, 101, 1457-1463. 

Pornwilard M-M (พรวิลาส เอ็มเอ็ม) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Trang, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2010 

Research field: analytical method development

S1-O13 

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) with Capacitively Coupled Contactless 

Conductivity Detection (C 4 D) for Chiral Separation of Stimulants in 

Urine Samples 

Thitirat Mantim, a,b Peter C. Hauser c and Prapin Wilairat a,b,d 

a Flow Innovation Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (First labs) 



c Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, Basel 4056, Switzerland. 

d National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Stimulant is a class of substances prohibited in competition because they provide an unfair 

advantage, such as increased alertness, diminished fatigue and cardiovascular. The chiral stimulants, 

amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), ephedrine (EP), pseudoephedrine (PE), 

norpseudoephedrine (NPE), are examples of such stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping 

Agency (WADA). WADA also requires the identification of enantiomers (d-, l-form) of 

methamphetamine, but not the other chiral compounds. In this work, a simple and low cost CE-C 4 D 

method was developed for enantiomeric separation of the prohibited stimulants in urine samples of 

athletes. 

Methods 

The simple and cost-effective method, capillary electrophoresis (CE), was employed for chiral or 

enantiomeric separation of prohibited stimulants by addition of small amounts of chiral selectors to 

background electrolyte (BGE). The enantiomeric separation of chiral compounds is based on the 

formation of inclusion complex between the chiral analyte and chiral selector. Capacitively coupled 

contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D), a universal and low cost detector, was used for detection of 

the enantiomers. 

Results 

The optimum BGE for enantiomeric separation of AP and MA was 150 mmol/L acetic acid 

containing 3 mmol/L of carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CMBCD) as chiral selector and 0.2 (% 

w/v) of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) as modifier. The linearity range was 5 to 75 µmol/L 

for both d/l-AP and d/l-MA. The limits of detection (blank + 3 SD blank ) for d-AP, l-AP, d-MA and 

l-MA were 3.60, 4.54, 4.44, 3.89 µmol/L, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The developed CE-C 4 D method is simple and cost-effective for chiral separation. This method 

was successfully applied to separation of the enantiomers of AP amd MA in urine samples. 

Keywords: capillary electrophoresis, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, 

enantiomers, amphetamine, methamphetamine 


1. Tábi, T.; Magyar, K.; Szöko, E. Electrophoresis, 2003, 24, 2665–2673. 

2. Gong, X.Y.; Kubáň, P.; Tanyanyiwa, J.; Hauser, P.C., J. Chromatrogr. A, 2005, 1082, 230–234. 

Thitirat Mantim (ฐิติรัตน แมนทิม) Ph.D. Student 

b 1982 in Kanchaburi, Thailand 


Research field: flow-based technique, separation technique

S1-O14 

Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp Pond Water by 

a Highly Sensitive Capacitive Biosensor 

Saluma Samanman, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c 

and Panote Thavarungkul a,b,e 

Wilaiwan Chotigeat, d Panchalika Deachamag d 

a Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 

90112, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

e Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 


d Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


White-spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a major pathogen affecting shrimp cultivation. It can 

cause 100% mortality rates within 3-10 days. Diagnostic tools use to detect WSSV are such as 

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR. However, they are quite expensive and require 

many steps. In addition these assays have been mainly used to detect WSSV in shrimp tissues. Since 

water is the major pathways of WSSV entering the aquaculture facilities and at present there are no 

treatments available to control the disease, a sensitive, specific and rapid method to detect WSSV in 

water would be very useful. This work describes the capacitive biosensor for the quantitative 

detection of WSSV in shrimp pond water using glutathione-S-transferase tag white spot binding 

protein (GST-WBP) that can bind specifically to WSSV. 

Methods 

GST-WBP was immobilized on a gold electrode through a self-assembled monolayer of thiourea. 

Binding between WSSV and the immobilized GST-WBP was directly detected by a flow through 

capacitive system. Parameters affecting the system response were optimized. 

Results 

Under optimum conditions, the capacitive biosensor provided a wide linear range between 1 and 

1x10 5 copies/µl with a very low detection limit of 1 copy/µl. The immobilized GST-WBP could be 

reused for up to 39 analysis cycles with a relative standard deviation of 2.4%. The system was highly 

selective to WSSV. For the detection of WSSV in real water samples the results from the capacitive 

system were in good agreement with those obtained by the real time PCR method (P > 0.05). 

Conclusion 

The capacitive biosensor provides quantitative detection of as little as 1 copy/µl of WSSV in 

shrimp pond water, a much better detection limit compared to real-time PCR (20 copies/l), short 

analysis time (20-25 min) and highly selective to WSSV. 

Keywords: white spot syndrome virus, trace analysis, shrimp pond water, capacitance 


1. Youtong, W.,; Deachamag, P.,; Phongdara, A.,; Chotigeat, W., Fish Shellfish Immunol., 2010, 1-7. 

b 

Saluma Samanman (สาลุมา สมานหมาน) Ph.D. Student 

1984 in Songkhla, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemistry-Biology, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: Biosensor, Trace analysis and Nanoelectrochemistry

S1-O15 

Ru/Rh-Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Biosensor for Sensitive Detection 

of α-Ketoglutarate 

Sujittra Poorahong, a,b,c Padmanabhan Santhosh, e Gabriela Valdés Ramírez, e Chongdee Thammakhet, a,b,c 

Panote Thavarungkul, a,b,d Joseph Wang e and Proespichaya Kanatharana a,b,c 






e Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. 


α-Ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle. It is produced from the oxidative 

decarboxylation of isocitrate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). IDH1 is frequently 

mutated in low grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. These monoallelic mutations inactivate 

the enzyme activity, inhibit the production of α-KG and increase the hypoxia inducible factor 1 which 

is responsible for the growth of tumor cells. Hence, the ability to follow the kinetics of α-KG 

formation would be useful in analyzing cellular activities. 

Methods 

This study describes the fabrication, optimization and characterization of an -KG amperometric 

microsensor based on the enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD), modified on the surface of 

single carbon fiber electrode (CFE) by co-deposition of ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh) 

nanoparticles (GLUD-Ru/Rh-CFE). Quantitation of -KG is achieved through a detection of the 

depleted NADH in the presence of ammonia and NADH into L-glutamate at the proposed electrode. 

Results 

The Ru/Rh coating offers a greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards NADH detection, 

with a substantial decrease in overpotential of ~400 mV compared to the bare CFE. Further 

modification with the enzyme, GLUD, leads to effective amperometric biosensing of -KG with rapid 

response time of only 6 s. No apparent amperometric response loss is observed for the detection of 

-KG during this extended period of operation (~1000s). The linearity between 100 and 600 μM with 

a sensitivity of 42 μA M −1 and a detection limit of 20 μM were obtained. 

Conclusion 

The GLUD-Ru/Rh-CFE exhibited a sensitive and stable response for the detection of -KG in 

phosphate buffer. In addition, the biosensor showed high reproducibility and stability. The new 

carbon fiber based biosensor holds considerable promise for practical applications involving real time 

intra/extra cellular detection of -KG. 

Keywords: -ketoglutarate, NADH, Ru, Rh, carbon fiber electrode, amperometric biosensor 


1. Schaur, J.; Schreibmayer, W.; Semmerlrock, J.; Tillan, M.; Schauenstein, E. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 

1979, 93, 293-300. 

2. Zhao, S.; Lin, Y.; Xu, W.; Jiang, W.; Zha, Z.; Wang, P.; Yu, W.; Li, Z.; Gong, L.; Peng, Y.; Ding, J.; Lei, 

Q.; Guan, L.; Xiong, Y. Science, 2009, 324, 261-265. 

Sujittra Poorahong (สุจิตรา ภูระหงษ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 


Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: trace analysis, gas chromatography, chemical- and bio-sensor, and 

electrochemistry

S1-O16 

Cost-Effective Formaldehyde Sensing Device for Industry Applications 

Opas Bunkoed, a,b,c Panote Thavarungkul, a,b,d Frank Davis, e Seamus P.J. Higson e and 

Proespichaya Kanatharana a,b,c 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 

Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 



e Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, MK43 OAL, United Kingdom. 


Formaldehyde is a widely used industrial chemical especially for the manufacturing of adhesives. 

Indoor and outdoor air could be contaminated by formaldehyde because of its release from household 

products or during production processes. Due to its toxicity constant monitoring is necessary. 

However, a conventional method for its detection is still quite expensive for both the sampler and the 

measuring instrument. In this work we described a simple, cost-effective and easy to use method for 

the monitoring of trace formaldehyde in workplace environment. 

Methods 

Formaldehyde sensing device was developed based on a transparent sol-gel with entrapped 

sensitive reagent (acetlyacetone). The sol-gel solution and acetylacetone solution were mixed with a 

1:1 ratio and 0.3 mL of the mixture was placed in a 1.5 mL disposable cuvette. After 10 min at room 

temperatures a colourless gel containing entrapped acetylacetone was formed. Exposure to 

formaldehyde vapour turned the transparent sol-gel to yellow and allowed screening by visual 

detection. Quantitative measurement could easily be done using a spectrophotometer. The developed 

sensing devices were applied to monitor formaldehyde in an adhesive factory that produces 

formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde glue. 

Results 

Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity in the range 0.05-3.0 ppmv was obtained 

(R 2 =0.997). A detection limit of this device is 0.03 ppmv which is lower than the maximum exposure 

concentrations recommended for formaldehyde by the World Health Organisation (0.08 ppmv) and 

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (0.75 ppmv). This sampling device showed good 

reproducibility, the relative standard deviation at 0.2 ppmv and 1.0 ppmv being 6.3 and 4.6% (n=15), 

respectively. The proposed method showed high selectivity, the detection of formaldehyde was not 

interfered by other carbonyl compounds i.e. acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone and butanone. 

Application of the device in the workplace environment provided results that were in good agreement 

with a conventional method. 

Conclusion 

The developed sensing device is simple, cost-effective (7 baht), portable, contains no overly 

aggressive chemicals, consumes a small amount of low toxicity reagent, operates at room 

temperature, and requires no post sample preparation. Moreover, this method was found to offer high 

selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The proposed method can be used as a screening and a 

quantitative method for on-site detection in a workplace such as adhesive industry. 

Keywords: formaldehyde, sol-gel, sensing device, cost-effective, industry applications 


1. Bunkoed, O.; Davis, F.; Kanatharana, P.; Thavarungkul, P.; Higson, S.P.J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2010, 659, 

251-257. 

Opas Bunkoed (โอภาส บุญเกิด) Ph.D. Student 


Thaksin University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 


Research field: chemical sensor, and analytical chemistry

Session S2 

Innovation in Bioactive 

Natural Products 

(S2A–O1 - S2A–O13)

S2A-O1 

Electroluminescent and Photophysical Properties of 

Metallotetraazaporphyrin Complexes 

Anurach Poloek, a Chin-Ti Chen a and Chao-Tsen Chen b 

a Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Rd, Sec.2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. 

b Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University,Taipei, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. 


Metal Phthalocyanine derivatives have attracted attention due to their diverse electronic, optical 

and structural properties. Especially OLEDs application, Organic materials for green and blue 

OLEDs exhibiting high-intensity luminescence have been developed over recent years. Corresponding 

materials for red electroluminescence (EL) remain relatively rare. Phthalocyanine is leading 

candidates for red OLEDs. In this work, we report on the synthesis and photophysical properties of 

octa(ortho-trifluormethylphenyl)tetraazaporphyrin bearing with metals, cadmium(II), lead(II), 

palladium(II), platinum(II), zinc(II), tin(II), or chloroaluminum (III) with the general formula 

[MCF 3 TAP]. These metal complexes have been used as dopants for red organic light emitting diodes. 

Methods 

We will demonstrate the synthetic pathways of metallotetraazaporphyrin complexes and organic 

light emitting diode configurations. 

Results 

We will exhibit photophysical and electroluminescent profiles of metallotetraazaporphyrin complexes. 

Conclusion 

1. A series of MCF 3 TAP, M = cadmium(II), lead(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), zinc(II), tin(II), or 

chloroaluminum (III), have been synthesized and characterized. 

2. Their emissions are tentatively assigned to excited states with mixed 3 IL/ 3 MLCT character. 

3. These metal complexes can be thermally vacuum-sublimed as dopants for the fabrication of OLED 

Keywords: metallotetraazaporphyrin, Electroluminescence, metal OLEDs 


1. Brown, R. J. C.; Kucernak, A. R. New. J. Chem., 2004, 28, 676–680. 

2. Albrecht, K.; Kasai, Y. J. Inorg Organomet. Polym., 2009, 19, 118–123. 

Anurach Poloek Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Phitsanulok, Thailand 


National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

TIGP Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Nanoscience and Technology 

program, Ph.D. 2009-Present

S2A-O2 

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oligothiophenes Bearing 

Dialkylaniline End-capped for OFETs 

Duangratchaneekorn Muenmart, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin, Sayant Saengsuwan, 

Siriporn Jungsuttiwong and Vinich Promarak 

Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34190 Thailand. 


Oligothiophenes are mostly investigated as organic semiconductors for organic field-effect 

transistors (OFETs) with high on-off current ratio and charge transport properties. The molecular 

structure of desired molecules can be modified using various organic synthetic methodologies. In this 

work, we reported on the synthesis, 

characterization and electronic properties of 

novel oligothiophenes with dialkylaniline endcapped 

for using as organic semiconductor in 

OFETs. 

Methods 

Suzuki coupling was carried out with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as catalyst and Na 2 CO 3 as base in THF/H 2 O. 

Bromination was done by NBS in THF. The chemical structures were confirmed by NMR and IR 

analysis. UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectra were recorded in CH 2 Cl 2 . CV was measured with glassy 

C, Pt and SCE electrodes in the present of n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as supporting electrolyte in CH 2 Cl 2 . 

Results 

A series of oligothiophenes was synthesized using a combination of alkylation, iodination, 

bromination and Suzuki coupling reactions in moderate yields. The desired molecules were soluble in 

common organic solvents at room temperature. The number of thiophene units increased within the 

molecules result in red shift in absorption and fluorescence spectra due to the extended π-conjugation 

length of oligothiophenes. CV traces exhibit the oxidation of dialkylaniline donor. 

Conclusion 

Oligothiophenes with dialkylaniline end-capped were successfully synthesized. According to their 

electronic properties, it expected that these oligothiophenes can be used as organic semiconductor in 

OFETs. 

Keywords: olgothiophenes, OFETs, organic semiconductor 


1. Yamao T.; Ota S.; Miki T.; Hotta S.; Azumi R. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516, 2527–2531. 

2. Iosip M. D.; Destri S.; Pasini M.; Porzio W.; Pernstich K. P. Synthetic Metals, 2004, 146, 251–257. 

Duangratchaneekorn Muenmart (ดวงรัชนีกร เหมือนมาตย) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Srisaket, Thailand 

Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2006 

Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand, Chemistry M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: organic synthesis and organic materials

S2A-O3 

Asymmetric Synthesis of gem-Difluoro-1-azabicyclic Compounds 

Watcharabhorn Thaharn, Teerawut Bootwicha, Darunee Soorukram, Chutima Kuhakarn, 

Vichai Reutrakul and Manat Pohmakotr 




To study the syntheses of chiral gem-difluoromethylenated pyrrolizidines (6, n=0) and 

indolizidines (6, n=1) employing L-tartaric acid (1) as a chiral starting material. 

Methods 

Results 

Chiral imides 2 were prepared by using L-tartaric acid (1) in 6 steps. The fluoride-catalyzed 

difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methylation of imides 2 using PhSCF 2 SiMe 3 afforded gemfluoromethylated 

lactams 3. Intramolecular radical cyclization was achieved by using 

Bu 3 SnH/AIBN to afford azabicyclics 4 possessing a hydroxylactam unit, which was transformed into 

5 via reduction employing Et 3 SiH/BF 3 .OEt 2 . Treatment of 5 with Grignard reagents (EtMgCl, 

BuMgCl and i-PrMgCl) followed by reduction of the resulting aminal with NaBH 3 CN/HCl and 

hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting group employing H 2 /PdCl 2 in MeOH provided the expected 

products 6 in moderate to good yields. 

Conclusion 

Asymmetric synthesis of substituted gem-difluoromethylenated pyrrolizidines (6, n = 0) and 

indolizidines (6, n = 1) were successfully accomplished by using fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic 

addition of 1 to chiral imides 2 followed by radical cyclization as the key steps. 

Keywords: indolizidine, pyrrolizidine, gem-difluoro-1-azabicyclic compounds 


1. Nukui, S.; Sodeoka, M.; Sasai, H.; Shibasaki, M. J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 398404. 

2. Prakash, G. K. S.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y.; Olah, G. A. Org. Lett., 2004, 6, 43154317. 

Watcharabhorn Thaharn (วัชราภรณ ทาหาร) Ph.D. Student 

b 1979 in Phare, Thailand 

Chiangmai University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2001 

Kasetsart University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2005 

Research field: organofluorines

S2A-O4 

Total Synthesis of Tamiflu ® and Tamiphosphor from D-Ribose 

Pawinee Wichienukul, Sunisa Akkarasamiyo, Nutthawat Chuanopparat, Ngampong Kongkathip and 

Boonsong Kongkathip 

Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit (NPOS), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for 

Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Tamiflu ® is an orally available anti-influenza prodrug. After taken into the body, it is hydrolysed 

hepatically to its active form, the free carboxylate, which is a potent inhibitor of neuraminidases A 

and B. Moreover, scientists have developed an anti-influenza drug candidate name Tamiphosphor 

which is a phosphonate analog of Tamiflu ® . This compound shows higher potency than Tamiflu ® 

against neuraminidases of both wild-type H5N1 and H1N1 viruses. Herein we report the synthesis of 

Tamiflu ® and Tamiphosphor from inexpensive and commercially available D-ribose. 

Methods 

The synthetic route of Tamiflu ® and Tamiphosphor were summarized as shown in scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Results 

D-Ribose was converted to the functionalized diene via a metal-mediated domino reaction using 

an appropriate allylbromide derivative, followed by ring-closing metathesis to create the cyclohexene 

core structure. The syntheses were completed with the sequence involving reductive amination, 

regioselective reductive ring-opening of pentylidene ketal and nucleophilic replacement to azide. 

Conclusion 

The total synthesis of Tamiflu ® was accomplished in 14 steps starting from D-ribose with 5% 

overall yield. Tamiphosphor could be synthesized from D-ribose by employing the same steps 

sequence. 

Keywords: tamiflu, tamiphosphor, ribose, metal-mediated domino reaction, ring-closing metathesis 


1. Wichienukul, P.; Akkarasamiyo, S.; Kongkathip, N.; Kongkathip, B. Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, 51, 3208-3210. 

2. Shie, J. J.; Fang, J. M.; Wong, C. H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 5788-5791. 

Pawinee Wichienukul (ภาวิณี วิเชียรนุกูล) M.Sc. Student 


Kasetsart University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 

Research field: organic synthesis

S2A-O5 

Synthesis of the Disaccharide Moiety of an Anticancer OSW-1 

Janjira Rujirawanich, Boonsong Kongkathip and Ngampong Kongkathip 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 

Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


OSW-1, a natural product isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, exhibited 

extremely potent cytotoxicity against the NCI 60-cell in “in vitro” screening, with a mean IC 50 of 0.78 

nM. The structure of saponin OSW-1 contains the steroidal aglycone with a sugar moiety at 16-OH. 

In this research, facile synthesis of the OSW-1 disaccharide having 2-O-p-methoxybenzoyl--Dxylopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-acetyl-L-arabinopyranoside 

structure was investigated. 

Methods 

The synthetic strategy was summarized as shown in Scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Results 

The xylopyranose donors were synthesized by a short synthetic approach via convenient 1,2- 

diacetal protection. Also, the arabinose acceptors were prepared in a three-steps sequence from easily 

available benzyl - and thiophenyl -L-arabinopyranosides. Glycosylation of xylopyranose donors 

and arabinopyranose acceptors gave the title compound in the form of a partially protected derivative. 

Conclusion 

The facile syntheses of both xylopyranose donors as well as their arabinopyranose acceptors 

could be favorably elaborated. The partially protected OSW-1 disaccharide was obtained by 

glycosylation of xylopyranose donors and arabinopyranose acceptors. 

Keywords: anticancer, OSW-1, disaccharide 


1. Yu, W.; Jin, Z. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 6576-6583. 

2. Suhr, R.; Thiem, J. J. Carbo. Chem., 2004, 23, 261-276. 

Janjira Rujirawanich (จันจิรา รุจิรวณิช) Ph.D. Student 




S2A-O6 

Phthalide and 2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl Butanone Derivatives from the 

Endophytic Fungus Microsphaeropsis arundinis PSU-G18 

Ubonta Sommart, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit b and Jariya Sakayaroj c 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 

Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

c National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 



The Microsphaeropsis genus is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial 

microsphaerins A-D and antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic preussomerins E-I. The ethyl 

acetate extracts from the culture broth and mycelia of the endophytic fungus Microsphaeropsis arundinis 

PSU-H18 exhibited moderate antifungal (against Microsporum gypseum SH-MU-4) and antioxidant (in the 

DPPH assay) activities. Moreover, chemical investigation from M. arundinis has never been reported. 

Thus, we are interested in the isolation of bioactive compounds from the fungus M. arundinis PSU-H18. 

Methods 

The culture of the fungus M. arundinis PSU-H18 was filtered to give two parts: the filtrate and 

mycelia. Both filtrate and mycelia were extracted with EtOAc and evaporated to dryness under reduced 

pressure to give the crude EtOAc extracts I and II. The crude EtOAc extract I was combined with the crude 

EtOAc extract II because they showed similar 1 H NMR signals. The combined extracts were purified by 

Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to afford four fractions. Selected fractions were further purified 

by column chromatography and/or precoated TLC. 

Results 

The investigation of the combined EtOAc extracts from the broth and mycelia of the fungus M. 

arundinis PSU-H18 led to the isolation of three new (1-3) and six known compounds; deoxycyclopaldic 

acid (4), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphthalide (5), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-6- 

methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one (6), 3,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone 

(7), 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-buten-1-one (8), 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1- 

butanone (9). Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods. Their antifungal and antioxidant 

activities are being evaluated. 

Conclusion 

Three new phthalides (1-3) together with four known phthalides (4-7) and two known 2,5- 

dihydroxyphenyl butanones (8-9) were isolated from the fungus M. arundinis PSU-H18. 

R 6 O 

1:R 

R 1 =R 2 =H,R 3 =CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 ,R 4 =OH,R 5 =CH 3 ,R 6 =OCH 3 

5 

2: R 

O 1 =H,R 2 =OCH 2 CH 3 ,R 3 =CH 2 OCH 3 ,R 4 = OH, R 5 =CH 3 ,R 6 =OCH 3 

3: R 

R 1 =H,R 2 =R 6 =OCH 3 ,R 3 =CH 2 OCH 3 ,R 4 = OH, R 5 =CH 3 

4 R 1 

R R 4: R 2 1 =R 2 =H,R 3 = CHO, R 4 = OH, R 5 =CH 3 ,R 6 =OCH 3 

3 

5: R 1 =R 2 =H,R 3 =R 5 =CH 3 ,R 4 = OH, R 6 =OCH 3 

OH 

OH 

O 

R 2 

R 1 

CH 3 

8:R 1 +R 2 = double bond 

9: R 1 = OH, R 2 = H 

6: R 1 =R 2 =H,R 3 =CH 2 OCH 3 ,R 4 =OH,R 5 =CH 3 ,R 6 =OCH 3 

7: R 1 =H,R 2 =R 4 =OH,R 3 =CH 2 OCH 3 ,R 5 =CH 3 ,R 6 =OCH 3 

Keywords: endophytic fungus, Microsphaeropsis arundinis, phthalides, 2,5-dihydroxyphenyl butanones 


1. Kraus, G. A.; Kirihara, M. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3256-3257. 

2. Tsuda, M.; Mugishima, T.; Komatsu, K.; Sone, T.; Tanaka, M.; Mikami, Y.; Kobayashi, J. J. Nat. Prod., 

2003, 66, 412-415. 

Ubonta Sommart (อุบลทา สมมารถ) Ph.D. Student 



Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: bioactive natural products

S2A-O7 

Clauraila A-D, Cytotoxic Carbazole Alkaloids from the Roots of 

Clausena harmandiana 

Uraiwan Songsiang, a Tula Thongthoom, a Chantana Boonyarat b and Chavi Yenjai a 

a Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Clausena harmandiana (Rutaceae), known in Thai as “Song Fa”, is a medicinal plant which has 

shown some therapeutic activities against stomach ache, headache, sickness. The crude extracts of C. 

harmandiana were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford compounds 

1–19. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic assay. 

Methods 

The air-dried roots of C. harmandiana (Rutaceae) were sequentially extracted with hexane, ethyl 

acetate, and methanol. The extracts were evaporated in vacuo to obtain three crude extracts. 

Separation of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was performed by column chromatography. The 

structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including IR, HRMS 

and 1D and 2D NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC and HMBC). 

Results 

Isolation and purification of the roots of C. harmandiana led to four new carbazole alkaloids, 

clauraila A-D (1-4) as well as 12 known carbazoles and three known coumarins. Then, all isolated 

compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against KB, NCI-H187 and Vero cell lines. 

Conclusion 

Four new carbazole alkaloids, clauraila A-D (1-4), as well as 12 known carbazoles and three 

known coumarins were isolated from the roots of Clausena harmandiana. 

Keywords: Clausena harmandiana, carbazole alkaloid, coumarin, cytotoxicity 


1. Ito, C.; Itoigawa, M.; Katsuno, S.; Omura, M.; Tokuda, H.; Nishino H.; Furukawa, H. J. Nat. Prod., 2000, 

63, 1218-1224. 

2. Wu, T. S.; Huang, S. C.; Wu, P. L.; Kuoh, C. S. Phytochemistry, 1999, 52, 523-527. 

Uraiwan Songsiang (อุไรวรรณ สงเสียง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1979 in Amnat Charoen, Thailand 

Ramkhamhaeng University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2003 

Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: natural products

S2A-O8 

New Cyclopeptide Alkaloids with Antiplasmodial and Antimycobacterial 

Activities from the Root of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. 

Natthakaln Lomchoey, a Panomwan Panseeta, a,b Samran Prabpai, c Palangpon Kongsaeree, c,d 

Apichart Suksamrarn, e Somsak Ruchirawat f and Sunit Suksamrarn a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot 


b Department of Chemistry, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakornnayok Province 26001, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, and d Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol 


e Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 

f Chulabhorn Research Institute; Chemical Biology Program, Center for Environmental Health, Toxicology and Management 

of Chemicals (ETM), Chulabhorn Graduate Institute,Vipavadee Rangsit Highway, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. 


Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. or Phut-sa in Thai is a medium-sized tree, native to Thailand and Asian 

countries and has been used traditionally for treatment of diarrhea, ulcers, vomiting and indigestion. 

In continuation of our work on new antimalarial substance of new structural type from Thai Ziziphus 

plant, the root extract of Z. mauritiana which exhibited antiplasmodial activity was selected for 

further investigation. 

Methods 

The pulverized, air-dried root (4.5 kg) of Z. mauritiana was extracted successively with EtOAc 

and MeOH at room temperature to yield the EtOAc (29.5 g) and MeOH (45.6 g) extracts, 

respectively. Chromatographic separations 

of the MeOH extract resulted in the 

isolation of two new (12), in addition to 

three known cyclopeptide alkaloids (35). 

Results 

The structure of two new cyclopeptide 

alkaloids, mauritines L (1) and M (2), were 

elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR 

spectroscopic analysis. The known compounds were identified to be nummularine H (3), 

nummularine B (4) and hemsine A (5), respectively. The X-ray diffraction analysis from crystals of 

nummularine B methiodide (4) revealed all S configurations on the amino acid residues. The isolated 

alkaloids exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum with the IC 50 range of 2.5-6.1 

g/mL and also displayed antimycobacterial property with the MIC of 3.1 g/mL. 

Conclusion 

Phytochemical investigation of Z. mauritiana root led to the isolation of a 4(14)-type and three 

5(13)-type cyclopeptide alkaloids with potent antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities. 

Keywords: Ziziphus mauritiana, cyclopeptide alkaloid, mauritines L and M, antiplasmodial activity, 

antimycobacterial activity. 


1. Suksamrarn S.; Suwannapoch N.; Aunchai N.; Kuno M.; Ratananukul P.; Haritakun R.; Jansakul, C.; 

Ruchirawat, S. Tetrahedron, 2005, 61, 1175-1180. 

2. Panseeta, P.; Lomchoey K.; Prabpai S.; Kongsaeree, P.; Suksamrarn, A.; Ruchirawat, S.; Suksamrarn S. 

Phytochemistry, 2011, submitted. 

Natthakaln Lomchoey (ณัฏฐกัลย ลมเชย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Surin, Thailand 

Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: bioactive compounds from Ziziphus plants

S2A-O9 

PhI(OAc) 2 -mediated Iminobromination for Synthesis of Bromomethyl 

Cyclic Imine Starting from Alkenyl Carbonitriles and Grignard Reagents 

Stephen Sanjaya and Chiba Shunsuke 

Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological 

University, 21 Nanyang Link 637371, Singapore. 


PhI(OAc) 2 -mediated iminobromination was developed starting from alkenyl carbonitriles and 

Grignard reagents. This transformation involves nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to alkenyl 

carbonitriles 1 to form N-H imines, followed by iminohalogenation reaction after treatment of 

PhI(OAc) 2 as oxidant 2 . 

Methods 

To a Schlenk tube was added alkenyl carbonitriles in Et 2 O and Grignard reagent was added 

slowly and heated at 60 ºC. The mixture was then quenched with distilled MeOH at 0 ºC. DMF and 

PhI(OAc) 2 were added immediately and further stirred at rt for 30 min. The mixture was then poured 

into saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl and extracted with Et 2 O. The organic phase was washed with water, 

brine, and dried over MgSO 4 . After filtration and solvent evaporation, purification with flash column 

chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate) provides bromomethyl cyclic imine as product. 

Results 

The reaction of alkenyl carbonitriles with Grignard reagents may afford the formation of N-H 

imine in situ as intermediate. Bromide anion of Grignard reagents may be oxidized by PhI(OAc) 2 to 

bromonium cation which then reacted with alkene moiety followed by nucleophilic attack of iminyl 

nitrogen to provide bromomethyl cyclic imine. 

Me 

Me Me 

C N 

RMgBr 

Et 2 O, 60 C 

(sealed tube) 

then MeOH 

Me 

NH 

R 

Me Me 

PhI(OAc) 2 

DMF 

rt 

Br Me 

N 

R 

Me Me 

Conclusion 

A synthetic method for the preparation of bromomethyl cyclic imines has been developed starting 

from a variety of alkenyl carbonitriles and Grignard reagents via PhI(OAc) 2 -mediated 

iminobromination. 

Keywords: iminobromination, bromomethyl cyclic imines, alkenyl carbonitriles, Grignard reagents, 

PhI(OAc) 2 


1. Dechoux, L.; Jung, L.; Stambach, J.-F. Synthesis, 1995, 242. 

2. Fan, R.; Wen, F.; Qin, L.; Pu, D.; Wang, B. Tetrahedron Lett., 2007, 48, 7444. 

3. This work: Sanjaya, S.; Shunsuke, C. Tetrahedron, 2011, 67, 590. 

Stephen Sanjaya, Graduate Student 

Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, B.Sc. (2009) 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

Research field: transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of azaheterocycles

S2A-O10 

Palladium- and Gold-catalyzed Hydroamination of 

C-(Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)allene 

Chaleowsak Khamwong, Niwat Promthong, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham 

University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 


The amine functionality is one of the most ubiquitous in organic chemistry. Its importance is 

exemplified by the diversity of molecules that contain this functional group, which includes natural 

products and pharmacological agents. For this reason C–N bond formation is of great interest, which 

is apparent from the number of methodologies that have been developed for this purpose. Allenes 

constitute an important class of organic compounds with unusual chemical properties due to the 

cumulated double bond. The catalytic hydroamination of allenes should be a straightforward method 

for the synthesis of allylamines. The objective of this work is to investigate the Pd- and Au-catalyzed 

hydroamination of C-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)allene. 

Methods 

The reaction conditions were adjusted to find a suitable catalyst-ligand-solvent-carboxylic acid 

system for the desired transformation. 

Results 

The results suggested that Pd(0), Pd(II), Au(III) catalysts and carboxylic acid play a dramatic part 

on the yields of the desired allelic amine. In addition, a profound solvent effect on the reaction was 

observed. THF was found to be the best solvent for both catalysts. A possible reaction pathways for 

Pd(0)- and Pd(II)- catalyzed hydroamination will be discussed. 

Conclusion 

Both Pd and Au methods for catalyzed hydroamination of C-(tetra-O-acetyl-β-Dgalactopyranosyl)allene 

with a variety of aromatic amines have been successfully developed. 

Keywords: hydroamination, amine, palladium, allene, galactopyranosyl, gold 


1. Al-Masum, M.; Meguro, M.; Yamamoto, Y. Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 6071-6074. 

2. Nishina, N.; Yamamoto, Y. Angew. Chem., 2006, 118, 3392-3395. 

3. Khamwong, C.; Sakee, U. Carbohyd. Res., 2011, 346, 334-339. 

Chaleowsak Khamwong (เฉลียวศักดิ์ คําวงษ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Sisaket, Thailand 



S2A-O11 

Synthetic Development and Mechanistic Study on Pd(II)-catalyzed 

Cyclization of Enediynes to Benzo[a]carbazoles 

Chen-Chau Chen 

Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 

Treatment of N,N-dimethyl 2-[2-(2-ethynylphenyl)ethynyl]anilines (1) with ten mol % of 

palladium chloride and two equivalents of cupric chloride in refluxing THF gave benzo[a]carbazoles 

(6) in good yields. Mechanistic study showed this reaction must go through the haloindole (7) and 

following the palladium (II) catalyzed atom transfer cyclization reaction to give the 

benzo[a]carbazoles.

S2A-O12 

Synthesis and Nucleic Acid Binding Properties of Novel Pyrrolidinyl Peptide 

Nucleic Acid Carrying 3-Aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic Acid Spacer 

Nisanath Reenabthue, a Tirayut Vilaivan b and Chaturong Suparpprom a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 




Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic which deoxyribose phosphate is replaced by peptide 

backbone. From our previous study, a new conformationally rigid PNA base on a pyrrolidinyl 

backbone bearing a (1S,2S)-2-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (acpc) spacer showed excellent 

binding with DNA. In this research, novel pyrrolidinyl PNA bearing a 3-aminopyrrolidine-4- 

carboxylic acid (aza-acpc) spacer was synthesized and investigated its DNA binding properties for 

improve the solubility of this PNA and provide a handle for internal modification. 

Methods 

The trans-(3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-isomers of aza-acpc were synthesized following the known route. 

The synthetic protocol starting by diastereoselective reductive amination of the keto-ester 

intermediate, obtained via a Diekmann cyclization of Boc-glycine ethyl ester, with (S)- and (R)-methylbenzylamine 

followed by protecting group exchange gave the (3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-isomers of 

the protected spacers. These spacers have been successfully incorporated into model PNA sequences 

by Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. Successful incorporation of the new spacers was confirmed by 

MALDI-TOF MS and purified by HPLC. 

Results 

The trans-(3R,4S)- and (3S,4R)-isomers of aza-acpc were synthesized in 6.5% and 4.9% overall 

yield, respectively. The results of T m data showed that (3R,4S)-aza-acpc PNA and singly modified in 

the middle of the strand which possess the same absolute configuration as (1S,2S)-acpc could bind 

with complementary DNA in high T m (55.5 and 71.1 C) with T m only slightly lower than unmodified 

acpcPNA. The UV-titration data showed interesting manner of singly modified PNA with (3R,4S)- 

aza-acpc spacer formed complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry and fully modified formed PNA 2:DNA 1 

ratio while (3S,4R)-aza-acpc PNA not show any equivalent point. CD spectroscopy also clearly 

demonstrates the formation of stable hybrids between the singly modified (3R,4S)-aza-acpc PNA with 

dA 9 . These results confirm the ability of (3R,4S)-aza-acpc to mimic the (1S,2S)-acpc in PNA. 

Conclusion 

New pyrrolidinyl PNA carrying trans-(3R,4S)-aza-acpc spacer have been successfully 

synthesized. UV titration, Tm and CD experiments clearly revealed that this PNA can bind with DNA 

without compromising the ability of original (1S,2S)-acpc PNA. 

Keywords: aza-acpcPNA, acpcPNA, DNA, -amino acid 


1. Suparpprom, C.; Srisuwannaket, C.; Sangvanich, P.; Vilaivan, T. Tetrahedron Lett., 2005, 46, 2833-2837. 

2. Lee, H. S.; LePlae, P. R.; Porter, E. A.; Gellman, S. H. J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 3597-3599. 

Nisanath Reenabthue (นิษานาถ รีนับถือ) M.Sc. Student 


Research field: synthesis of peptide nucleic acid (PNA)

S2A-O13 

Ring-Closing Metathesis of Vinyl Bromides: 

Construction of Tricyclic Compounds 

Potchanee Pandokrak and Vachiraporn Ajavakom 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 



Metathesis-based methodology has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic 

and carbocyclic compounds containing brominated double bonds. Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) has 

been shown to be a viable method to provide the regio-controlled approach to cyclic vinyl bromoolefins 

which can be useful for the subsequent synthetic transformations. 

Methods 

A number of 5-, 6- and 7-membered ring precursors were synthesized following established 

methods. Sulfamide-linked dienes were obtained from the alkylation of the key sulfamide with 2,3- 

dibromopropene under basic conditions. Additional substrates were prepared from diethylmalonate 

and sulfonamide. RCM of vinyl bromodienes can proceed by using the second generation Grubbs 

catalyst (15 mol%, PhH, 65 o C) to produce 7-membered vinyl bromides in good yields. The metathesis 

product (1) can be useful for the subsequent synthetic transformations. An example of Suzuki cross 

coupling reaction provided the coupled product (2) in good yield. Treatment of the aldehyde with pTSA 

furnished tricyclic compound (3) in excellent yield. 

Results 

RCM of vinyl bromides has been shown to be effective for the synthesis of certain 7-membered 

carbocycles and heterocycles. In contrast, the corresponding reactions to form 5- and 6-membered 

rings were not generally successful. 

Conclusion 

We have shown that vinyl bromides participate in RCM reactions with use of the second 

generation Grubbs catalyst (GII) to afford carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. The metathesis 

products have been suggested as a useful building block for the subsequent synthetic transformations 

especially Suzuki cross coupling reaction. The metathesis methodology was also applied to the 

synthesis of tricyclic compound which may have the interesting biological activities. 

Keywords: Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM), cyclic vinyl bromide, carbocycle, heterocycle. 


1. Monfette, S.; Fogg, D. E. Chem. Rev., 2009, 109, 3783-3816. 

2. Van de Weghe, P.; Bisseret, P.; Blanchard, N.; Eustache, J. J. Organomet. Chem., 2006, 691, 5078-5108. 

3. Brown, R. C. D.; Satcharoen, V. Heterocycles, 2006, 70, 705-763. 

Potchanee Pandokrak (พจนีย พันดอกรักษ) M.Sc. Student 




Session S2 



(S2B–O1 - S2B–O4)

S2B-O1 

Investigation of Anti-androgenic Compounds from 

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. 

Nungruthai Suphrom, a Neti Waranuch, b Nanteetip Limpeanchob c and Kornkanok Ingkaninan a 

a Bioscreening unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 

Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

c Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


Androgens are known to involve with some symptoms and diseases such as androgenic alopecia 

and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Testosterone is converted to a more potent androgen, 

dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by 5-reductase and causes various hormonal actions. Anti-androgenic 

compounds may be useful for the treatment of several disorders related to male sex hormone. From 

previous studies, we found that the hexane extract from the rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. 

(Zingiberaceae) showed high anti-androgenic activity on in vitro and in vivo models. The aims of this 

study were to isolate and identify the chemical constituents in C. aeruginosa. The compounds were 

then tested for anti-androgenic activity as well as cytotoxic effects on normal and prostate cancer 

cells. 

Methods 

The anti-androgenic compounds were isolated using bioassay-guided fractionation technique. The 

in vitro anti-androgenic activity test was conducted by determination of the decrease of testosterone 

after enzymatic reaction using HPLC. The cell viability test was studied on human dermal fibroblast 

cell (HF cells) and prostate cancer cell (LNCaP cells) using MTT assay. 

Results 

Bioassay guided fractionation led to the isolation of 4 compounds (1-4). Compounds 1-4 were 

elucidated as sesquiterpenes, germacrone, zederone, dehydrocurdione and curcumenol, respectively 

[1-3]. The in vitro anti-androgenic activities were found in 1-3. Moreover, 1-3 together with the crude 

extract were tested for cytotoxic effect. At the concentrations of 0.0001–100 µg/mL, they did not 

show cytotoxic effect on HF cells. Interestingly, 3 tended to increase cell viability. For the study on 

LNCaP cells, 2 decreased cell viability (68-80% of control) at the concentrations of 0.00001–10 

µg/mL while 1 tended to decrease the cell viability significantly at the concentration of 10 g/mL. 

Conclusion 

Four sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified. Compounds 1-3 showed anti-androgenic 

activity. They can be leads for new anti-androgens for the treatment of the androgen-dependent 

disorders. 

Keywords: anti-androgen activity, Curuma aearuginosa, sesquiterpenes 


1. Aspollah, M. S.; Suhaila, Md. S.; Nordin, Md. L. Nat. Prod. Sci., 2007, 13, 175-179. 

2. Firman, K.; Kinoshita, T.; Itai, A. Phytochemistry, 1988, 27, 3887-3891. 

3. Kuroyanagi, M.; Ueno, A.; Koyama, K. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1990, 38, 55-58. 

Nungruthai Suphrom (หนึ่งฤทัย สุพรม) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Phichit, Thailand 


Research field: pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacognosy

S2B-O2 

The Efficacy of Cryptolepis buchanani Oil Formulation versus 

Indomethacin Solution in Symptomatic Treatment of 

Osteoarthritis of Knee 

Nutthiya Hanprasertpong, a Ampai Pantong, a Supanimit Teekachunhatean, b Chaichan Sangdee, b 

Puongtip Kunanusorn, b Nuntana Kasitanon c and Sorasak Lhieochaiphunt d 

a Department of Pharmacology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai 

University, Indhawaroros Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmacology ,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Indhawaroros Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Indhawaroros Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, 

Thailand. 

d Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Suthep Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Topical C. buchanani oil formulation (CBF) is the combination of C. buchanani and other Thai 

herbs. It is used for relieving of muscle and joint pain. But so far, there has yet neither 

pharmacological study nor clinical trial on this formulation. The purpose of this study was to compare 

the efficacy of CBF versus indomethacin solution in symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of 

the knee. 

Methods 

This study was a randomized, double-blind, active controlled trial. The 169 patients suffering 

from knee OA were randomized into the CBF and indomethacin group. The patients were evaluated 

after a run-in period of one week and then weekly during 4 weeks of treatment. The clinical 

assessments included visual analog scale (VAS) score for assessing joint’s pain and stiffness, 

Lequesne’s functional index (LI), time for climbing up 10 steps, as well as physician’s and patients’ 

overall opinion on improvement. 

Results 

154 patients completed the study. At the end of week 1-4 after treatment, the VAS of pain and 

stiffness, LI, and time for climbing up 10 steps of both groups were significantly reduced when 

compared to their own baseline. The mean changes in all variables as well as the physician’s and 

patients’ overall opinions on improvement at each time point were not significantly different between 

the two groups. The most common adverse events occurring in the CBF and indomethacin groups 

were pruritus at application sites (10.47% vs. 28.92%, p < 0.01). 

Conclusion 

CBF demonstrates clinically comparable efficacy to indomethacin solution on the treatment of 

mild to moderate symptomatic knee OA. CBF has lower rate of adverse events than indomethacin 

solution. Therefore, the application of CBF is a sensible treatment option in OA of the knee. 

Keywords: Cryptolepis buchanani, indomethacin, osteoarthritis, knee pain 


1. Laupattarakasem, P.; Wangsrimongkol, T.; Surarit, R.; Hahnvajanawong, C. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 

108, 349-354. 

2. Jordan, K. M.; Arden, N. K.; Doherty, M.; Bannwarth, B.; Bijlsma, J. W.; Dieppe, P. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 

2003, 62, 1145-1155. 

Nutthiya Hanprasertpong (ณัฐิยา หาญประเสริฐพงษ) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Doctor of Medicine, M.D. 1998 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Certified a Diplomat of the Thai Board of 

Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. 2003 

Research field: biochemical science

S2B-O3 

An ELISA Using Monoclonal Antibody against Shatavarin IV for 

Determination of Steroidal Saponins in Asparagus racemosus Roots 

Nattayaporn Reamyindee, a Watoo Phrompittayarat, b 

Kornkanok Ingkaninan a 

Waraporn Putalun, c Hiroyuki Tanaka d and 

a Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 

Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Regional Medical Sciences Center Phitsanulok, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Phitsanulok 


c Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

d Department of Medicinal Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812- 

8582, Japan. 


Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Asparagaceae) root has been widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. 

It is known for estrogenic property [1]. The major active constituents of A. racemosus roots are 

steroidal saponin glycosides such as Shatavarins I-IV [2]. These saponin glycosides can not easily be 

detected under uv-visible light due to the lack of chromophores. The immunological method [3] 

could be a solution of this problem. 

The aim of this study is to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) using 

monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Shatavarin IV for determination of steroidal saponins in A. 

racemosus. 

Methods 

Shatavarin IV was conjugated with bovine albumin serum to prepare an immunogen for 

immunization in mice. The splenocytes from an immunized mouse was fused with SP2/0-Ag14 

myeloma cell to produce the hybridoma secreting the MAb against shatavarin IV. The ELISA using 

anti-Shatavarin IV MAb was developed. 

Results and Conclusion 

The antibodies were raised specifically against shatavarin IV and showed a cross reactivity 

on the structural related saponin glycosides in A. racemosus. The ELISA method using the MAb 

against shatavarin IV was performed in the range of 2500.0-78.1 ng/mL of shatavarin IV with a 

limit of detection of 1.0 ng/mL. The method validation showed that the assay was accurate 

and precise. The method was successfully applied for determination of steroidal saponin 

glycosides in A. racemosus. The amounts of the saponins were reported as concentration 

equivalent to shatavarin IV. 

Keywords: Asparagus racemosus, ELISA, monoclonal antibody, steroidal saponin glycosides, 

Shatavarin IV 


1. Bopana, N.; Saxena, S. J. Ethnopharmacology, 2007, 110, 1-15. 

2. Hayes, P. Y.; Jahidin, A. H.; Lehmann, R.; Penman, K.; Kitching, W.; De Voss J. J. Phytochemistry, 2007, 

69, 796-804. 

3. Phrompittayarat, W.; Putalun, W.; Tanaka, H.; Jetiyanon, K.; Wittaya-Areekul, S.; Ingkaninan, K. 

Phytochem. Ana., 2007, 18, 411-418. 

Nattayaporn Reamyindee (ณัฏธยานภรณ เริ่มยินดี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Sukhothai, Thailand 


Research field: immunology, natural products

S2B-O4 

Effect of Green Tea Extract on Human Fibroblast and Type I 

Collagen Production 

Wudtichai Wisuitiprot, a Kornkanok Ingkaninan b and Neti Waranuch a 

a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, 

Phitsanulok, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 


Green tea extract containing catechins is the promising compound for skin nourishing. Several 

studies indicated that it did not produce cytotoxic effect on normal skin cells. Moreover, it also 

retarded extracellular matrix degradation by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting MMPs synthesis. 

Therefore, the current study aimed to further investigate the effect of green tea extract on human 

fibroblasts and type I collagen synthesis. 

Methods 

Dermal fibroblast cells isolated from the human skin were treated with green tea extract solution 

at 10 -8 -0.1 mg/ml. Cytotoxic effect was examined by MTT assay. The amount of type I collagen was 

determined by ELISA. 

Results 

The result showed that type I collagen production depended upon the concentration of green tea 

extract. Concentrations at 0.1-0.01 mg/ml of the extract in solutions decreased the amount of type I 

collagen substantially whilst at 10 -7 -10 -5 mg/ml of the extract significantly increased type I collagen 

synthesis. The possible explanation for the decreasing of type I collagen production at high 

concentration of the extract is the pro-oxidative property of catechins. Hydroxy radical is more potent 

than superoxide radical in decreasing type I collagen. However, cytotoxic effect of green tea extract 

on human fibroblast was not evidenced. 

Conclusion 

Green tea extract have no cytotoxic on human fibroblasts. High concentration of the extract 

decreased type I collagen and vice versa. 

Keywords: green tea, catechins, type I collagen, pro-oxidation 

Selected References 

1. Zhang, Q.; Kelly, A. P.; Wang, L. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2006, 126, 2607-2613. 

2. Dooley, A.; Gao, B.; Shi-Wen, X. Free Radical Bio. Med., 2007, 43, 253-264. 

Wudtichai Wisuitiprot (วุฒิชัย วิสุทธิพรต) Ph.D. Student 

b 1972 in Lampang, Thailand 

Khon kaen University, Thailand, Pharmacy, B.Sc. 2000 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetic Sciences, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: cosmetics, drug delivery, natural product

Session S3 

Materials Science and 

Nanotechnology 

(S3–O1 - S3–O20)

S3-O1 

Modified Ceria-based Catalyst for Water Gas Shift Reaction: 

Influence of Preparation Methods on the Role of Added Metal 

Kingkaew Chayakul, Tipaporn Srithanratana and Sunantha Hengrasmee 


Friendship highway , Muang, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. 


This study focuses on ceria-based catalysts that will be modified by metals to enhance the 

catalytic activity for water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The role of added metal in enhancing WGS 

reaction is studied by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique. 

Methods 

Ceria support was prepared by urea gelation method. Bimetallic catalysts (Re-Co/CeO 2 and 

Re-Ni/CeO 2 ) were prepared by co-impregantion method with aqueous solution of the desired metals. 

Mixed oxide catalyst (Ce-Sm-O) were prepared by co-precipitation method with addition of metal 

(Sm) during the gelation process of ceria. All of these catalysts were tested for their activities towards 

WGS reaction and characterized by XRD, BET, N 2 adsorption, Raman spectroscopy and 

H 2 -temperature programmed reduction. XANES was employed to describe the role of added metal in 

enhancing the WGS activity. 

Results 

The WGS activities of all modified ceria-based catalysts were higher than that of undoped ceria. 

Different metals plays different role in enhancing the WGS activity. For Re-Co/CeO 2 and Re-Ni/CeO 2 

bimetallic catalysts which were prepared by co-impregnation method XANES results indicated that 

d-electrons of Co and Ni were withdrawn by Re leading to Co-CO and Ni-CO bond weakening and 

CO 2 product could easily leave the catalyst surface. For Re/Ce-Sm-O, the role of Sm was to create the 

oxygen vacancies and improve the reducibility of the catalysts and the reduction step in WGS 

mechanism was catalyzed. XANES also confirmed that Sm did not catalyze the desorption step in 

WGS mechanism. 

Conclusion 

The three catalysts under studied enhanced the WGS reaction rates and they played different roles 

in catalyzing this reaction. For Re-Co/CeO 2 and Re-Ni/CeO 2 the desorption process of the product 

was catalyzed. For Re/Ce-Sm-O the reduction step of reaction was catalyzed. 

Keywords: Bimetallic catalyst, mixed oxide catalyst, X-ray absorption near edge structure 


1. K. Chayakul, T. Srithanratana, S. Hengrasmee, J. Mole. Catal. A: Chemical, submitted 

2. K. Chayakul, T. Srithanratana, S. Hengrasmee, Catal. Today, submitted 

Kingkaew Chayakul (กิ่งแกว ฉายากุล) Ph.D. Student 



Research field: catalysis

S3-O2 

Synthesize, Characterize and Kinetic Studies of the Ring-opening 

Bulk Polymerization of -Caprolactone Using Novel Soluble Tin(II) 

Alkoxide Initiators 

Manita Dumklang, a, b Puttinan Meepowpan, a, b Robert Molloy a and Winita Punyodom a, b 

a Biomedical Polymers Technology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 

Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

Objective 

The main objective of this work is to kinetic studies of the novel soluble tin(II) alkoxides, 

Sn(OnR) 2 where R = C 4 H 9 , C 6 H 13 and C 8 H 17 , for potential use as initiators in the ring-opening 

polymerization (ROP) of -caprolactone (-CL). Of particular interest is the development of Sn(OR) 2 

compounds which are readily soluble in cyclic ester monomers. 

Methods 

The soluble Sn(OnR) 2 initiators in liquid form namely: tin(II) n-butoxide (Sn(OnBu) 2 ), tin(II) 

n-hexoxide (Sn(OnHex) 2 ) and tin(II) n-octoxide (Sn(OnOct) 2 ) were synthesized using anhydrous 

tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2 ), diethylamine and the corresponding alcohols (ROH). Kinetic studies of ROP 

of the ε-CL using soluble Sn(OnR) 2 initiators were carried out via dilatometry and the results 

compared with Sn(OnR) 2 in solid form, tin(II) octoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) and Sn(Oct) 2 /ROH conventional 

initiating systems. 

Results 

The synthesized Sn(OnBu) 2 , Sn(OnHex) 2 and (Sn(OnOct) 2 ) were pale brown viscous liquids 

obtained in moderate yield (70-85%) and were completely soluble in ε-CL and organic solvents such 

as n-heptane, chloroform and toluene. The IR, 1 H-NMR and 119 Sn-NMR spectra confirmed the 

structure of soluble Sn(OnR) 2 . From kinetic studies by dilatometry it was found that, at the same 

initiator concentration, the Sn(OnBu) 2 in liquid form was the most effective in terms of the rate of 

polymerization. There was reasonable adherence to first-order kinetics with respect to monomer 

concentration and the first-order rate constants, k 1 , were determined from the linear portions of the 

kinetic plots. In contrast, the Sn(OnR) 2 in solid form showed closer adherence to zero-order kinetics 

due to their slow solubilization and the deaggregation-reaggregation equilibrium in solution. These 

results show that soluble Sn(OR) 2 initiators can be prepared which offer better reaction control than if 

generated in situ via the conventional Sn(Oct) 2 /ROH system. 

Conclusions 

This work has demonstrated that the new modified method of initiator synthesis is capable of 

producing soluble Sn(OnR) 2 initiator which has the potential to offer greater reaction control in terms 

of polymerisation kinetics and polymer molecular weight in the ROP of ε-CL. 

Keywords: soluble tin(II) alkoxides, ring-opening polymerisation, -caprolactone, dilatometry 


1. Ian, M. T, U. S. Patent No. 3946056 1976. 

2. Morrison, J. S.; Haendler, H. M. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 1967, 29, 393-400. 

Manita Dumklang (มานิตา ดุมกลาง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1974 in Phrae, Thailand 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Industrial Chemistry, B.Sc. 1997 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2002 

Research field: Polymer Chemistry

S3-O3 

Graphene Based Titanium Dioxide Composites for Water Treatment 

Nuttara Lasakul, a Kanchana Uraisin b and Siwaporn Meejoo Smith b 

a Materials Science and Engineering Programme and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

Introduction and objective 

Titanium dioxide has a limitation in utilizing the solar energy within a UV region (>390nm). 

Many researchers have attempted to extend absorption region to visible light. Graphite has been a 

candidate material to widen the absorption range of TiO 2 . This work aims to study the photoactivity of 

graphene based TiO 2 for degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution. Graphene structure from 

graphite can also enhance the adsorption capacity of aromatic pollutant molecules via – 

interactions. 

Methods 

Industrial grade graphite powder was commercially supplied by THAI CARBON AND 

GRAPHITECO., LTD. Next, graphite oxide was prepared by using a Hummers’ method, and further 

used to synthesize graphite oxide-titanium dioxide (GO-TiO 2 ) composites via a hydrothermal method. 

A series of GO-TiO 2 composites were obtained by varying that was carried out to obtain a series of 

GO-TiO 2 by varying mole ratio of Ti:C equal to 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The photocatalytic activity of 

Go-TiO 2 composites was tested by following the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV-Vis 

irradiation (OSRAM W lamp 2 x 300W). The catalyst (GO-TiO 2 , TiO 2 ) of 1 g/L was dispersed in 10 

ppm MO (aq) in dark condition. Subsequently, the concentration of MO was monitored by measuring 

absorbance at 464 nm after irradiation for 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes. 

Results 

After irradiation for one hour, all samples were high percentage of degradation of MO (>75%). 

GO-TiO 2 samples have higher photocatalytic activity (>80%) than TiO 2 for 45 minutes irradiation. 

Therefore, incorporation of graphite oxide with TiO 2 results in relatively high performance 

photocatalysts. 

Conclusion 

GO-TiO 2 composites possess higher photoactivty in degradation of MO in compared with that of 

TiO 2 , possibly due to a synergic effect. In GO-TiO 2 composites, bond conjugation could form 

between GO and TiO 2 assisting adsorption of MO, as well as, assisting electron transfer from TiO 2 

conduction band to graphene, which prevents e - /h + recombination. From our results, the GO-TiO 2 

composite with the mole ratio of Ti:C of 1:1 gave the highest photocatalytic activity. 

Keywords: Graphite oxide-Titanium dioxide, phocatalyst, methyl orange 


1. Ji, Z.; Wu, J.; Shen, X.; Zhou, H.; Xi, H., J Mater Sci, 2011, 46, 1190–1195. 

2. Zhang, H,; Lv, X.; Li, Y,; Wang, Y.; Li, J., ACS NANO, 2010, 4, 380-386. 

Nuttara Lasakul ( ณุตตรา หลาสกุล ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1988 in Chaiyaphum, Thailand 


Research field: Photocatalyst; TiO 2

S3-O4 

Photocatalytic Activity of TiO 2 -immobilized Sheets Prepared 

by Different Methods 

Chaval Sriwong, a Sumpun Wongnawa a 

and Orasa Patarapaiboolchai b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla 

University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Materials Science and Technoloty, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 



In recent years attention has been focused on heterogeneous photocatalysis for the treatment of 

recalcitrant chemical present in the wastewater. Due to the high photocatalytic activity and stability of 

TiO 2 , it is generally used as a photocatalyst for environmental applications. However, the application 

of powdered TiO 2 in wastewater treatment is limited since a post-treatment separation is required to 

recover the catalyst. In this work, TiO 2 -immobilized sheets were prepared by different methods to 

help eliminate the recovery stage of the catalyst and increase ease of use. 

Methods 

The TiO 2 -immobilized sheet was placed in a Petri dish containing 60 mL of indigo carmine (IC) 

dye at concentration 2.5 × 10 -5 M. The solution was then stirred for 15 min in the dark and 

subsequently the irradiation was initiated by using UV-light (fluorescent blacklight tubes). At given 

irradiation time intervals (every 1 h), 3 mL of solution samples were collected. The concentrations of 

dye after photodegradation were analyzed by using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. 

Results 

The TiO 2 -immobilized sheet prepared by method 3 (designated as Im-M3) showed the highest 

degradation of IC dye efficiencies than the others. The used TiO 2 -immobilized sheets can be 

recovered and reused. 

Conclusion 

All TiO 2 -immobilized sheets prepared from different methods still retain the photocatalytic 

property of TiO 2 particles showing the photodegradation of IC dye under UV-light illumination. The 

TiO 2 -immobilized sheets can be easily recovered after used and can be reused many times. 

Keywords: immobilized titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide photocatalyst, photodegradation, indigo 

carmine 


1. Othman, I.; Mohamed, R.M.; Ibrahem, F.M. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2007, 189, 80-85. 

2. Sriwong, C.; Wongnawa, S.; Patarapaiboolchai, O. Catal. Commun., 2008, 9, 213-218. 

3. Sriwong, C.; Wongnawa, S.; Patarapaiboolchai, O. Sci. Asia, 2010, 36, 52-58. 

Chaval Sriwong (ชวาลย ศรีวงษ) Ph.D. Student 



Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: photocatalyst and nano-materials

S3-O5 

Serendipitous Discovery of a Phospherene-Phosphindole Rearrangement 

Duanghathai Panichakul and François Mathey 




The phosphirenylium cation has been characterized for the first time by Regitz. 1 This cation 

appears to be quite difficult to make and must be kept in liquid SO 2 at low to temperature. By 

following our work on 2-aminophosphirenes 2 , we decided to investigate the potential conversion of 

1,2-diaminophosphirenes into 2-aminophosphirenylium cations by using amino substituents for 

stabilization. This research led us to discovery an unexpected rearrangement of 2-amino-3- 

phenylphosphirenes into 2-aminophosphindoles. 

Methods 

Phosphirene was dissolved in 5 mL of CH 2 Cl 2 , and AlCl 3 was then added and stirred at room 

temperature for 30 min. After evaporation of the solvent, CH 2 Cl 2 was added and the solid was 

removed by filtration. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel with hexane-ethyl acetate to 

give phosphindole. 

Results 

The reaction of AlCl 3 with 2-aminophosphirenes 1 at room temperature leads to the intermediate 

formation of the corresponding phosphindole 2 in good yields. No phosphirenium ion is observed and 

the β-chloroethyl substituent phosphorus remains intact. More results will be discussed in detail. 

Conclusion 

The reaction of strong Lewis acids with 2-amino-3-phenylphosphirene pentacarbonyltungsten 

complexes leads to the corresponding 2-aminophosphindoles through the unexpected formation of a 

bond between phosphorus and one of the ortho carbons of the phenyl ring. 

Keywords: phosphirene, phosphindole, pentacarbonyltungsten complexes 


1. Simon, J.; Bergsträsser, U.; Regitz, M. Organometallics, 1999, 18, 817. 

2. Panichakul, D.; Mathey, F. Organometallics, 2009, 283, 5705. 

3. This work: Panichakul, D.; Mathey, F. Organometallics, 2011, 30, 348. 

Duanghathai Panichakul, Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: phosphorus chemistry

S3-O6 

Photochemistry of Iodine Solution and Titanium Oxalate Complex 

Tanin Tudrabiab and Sumpun Wongnawa 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla 

University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112,Thailand. 


To study the photochemistry of the synthesized titanium oxalate with aqueous iodine solution 

under UV irradiation. 

Methods 

Titanium oxalate powders were freshly prepared by adding TiOSO 4 solution into oxalic acid 

dissolved in ethanol after which a precipitate of titanyl oxalate was formed. The precipitate was aged 

in the solution 8 hours at 60 °C. The air-dried product was studied by XRD and SEM. In the 

photochemistry studies, titanium oxalate powder was add to the iodine solution followed by 

irradiation with UV source ( max 366 nm) in a reactor compartment. The changes in absorbance of 

mixture solution were recorded at 290 nm for iodine using UV-vis spectrophotometer. 

Results 

When TiOSO 4 .H 2 O solution was poured into oxalic acid in ethanol solution, a white powder was 

precipitated which later was shown to be titanyl compounds with formula TiOC 2 O 4·H 2 O by the XRD 

technique. As the ageing time increased, titanyl compound turned into the crystalline phase with good 

crystallinity of the formula Ti 2 O 2 (C 2 O 4 )(OH) 2 .H 2 O. Finally, the titanium oxalate product could 

degrade the aqueous iodine solution (3 x 10 -4 M) from dark-orange to colorless iodide in 6 hours by 

means of UV-light irradiation. Oxalate ion was oxidized to carbon dioxide and iodine molecule was 

reduced to iodide. 

Conclusion 

The titanium oxalate complex could degrade the aqueous iodine solution which was used as a 

model for wastewater under UV irradiation. In the process, oxalate ion was oxidized to carbon dioxide 

and iodine molecule was reduced to iodide as evidenced by the color change from orange iodine 

solution to colorless iodide. 

Keywords: titanium oxalate complex, iodine solution, and photochemistry. 


1. Choi, H.L.; Chan P., J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, 3591-3596 

2. Potdar, P.H.; Deshpande, S.B.; Date, S.K., Mat. Chem. and Phys., 1999, 58,121-127. 

3. M. Kanna, K.; Wongnawa, S. Sol-Gel Tech., 2010, 53, 162-170. 

Tanin Tudrabiab (ธานินทร ทัดระเบียบ) M.Sc. Student 

b.1982 in Ranong, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 

Research field: titanium oxalate complexes, and photochemistry.

S3-O7 

Porphyrin Dyes for Dye Solar Cells (DSCs): 

The Effect of meso- Substituted -Conjugation 

Kanokkorn Sirithip, Tinnagon Keawin, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong and 

Vinich Promarak 


Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchumrap, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. 


Porphyrins are large -aromatic 

molecules with strong absorption at visible 

region (Soret band 400-450 nm and Q band 

500-700 nm), and high thermal and 

electrochemical stability. From these 

properties, it would be suitable to use 

porphyrins with modified structure as dye sensitizers for high efficiency DSC. 

Methods 

Porphyrin dyes were synthesized using a combination of ring closer condensation, heck 

coupling, Suzuki coupling and demethylation reactions. The chemical and physical properties were 

characterized. The DSC devices were fabricated under standard method with N3 dye used as reference 

and measured using solar simulator at AM 1.5G radiation (80 mW/cm 2 ). 

Results 

Dyes were obtained in moderate 

yields as red solids. UV-vis spectra in 

CH 2 Cl 2 show a characteristic absorption of 

porphyrin with Soret band (450 nm) and 

Q bands whereas the spectra of the dyes 

absorbed on TiO 2 exhibit broad and red 

shift spectra. CV traces show signs of the 

oxidation and reduction processes porphyrin ring and a reduction of –COOH accepter. The devices 

show power conversion efficiency between 1.51-2.12 % (V oc 0.54-0.56 V, FF 0.58-0.61). 

Conclusion 

Porphyrin dyes with different -conjugated lingers at meso-position were successfully 

synthesized. Dyes with thiophene as meso-linker showed better DSC device performance. 

Keywords: Porphyrin, DSCs, Thiophene 

0 

400 500 600 700 800 


1. Chen-Yu Yeh, et al. Energy Environ.sci., 2010, 516 , 857-980. 

%IPCE 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

Wavelength (nm) 

N3 

ZnP1 

ZnP2 

ZnP3 

Kanokkorn Sirithip (กนกกรณ ศิริทิพย) Ph.D. Student 

b 1979 in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand 

Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhut University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2001 

Ubon Ratchathai University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: Organic materials 

Current (mA/cm 2 ) 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 

Votage (V) 

N3 

ZnP1 

ZnP2 

ZnP3

S3-O8 

Novel Carbazole-Fluorene based D-π-A Conjugated Organic Dyes 

as Dye-Sensitizer in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: DFT/TDDFT 

Thanisorn Yakhanthip, a Nawee Kungwan, a 

Supawadee Namuangruk, b and Siriporn Jungsuttiwong c 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 


b National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang Pathumthani, 


c Center for Organic Electronics and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani 

University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. 


Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), a device for conversion of visible light into electricity based on 

the wide band gap semiconductors, was first introduced in 1991 by Grätzel’s group considering the 

used of ruthenium (Ru) complex as a photosensitizer. However, ruthenium is very expensive and 

not readily available due to the low natural abundance. Therefore, DSSC based on metal-free 

dye is subject of many recent researches for its potential use as photosensitizer. In this work, 

quantum chemistry calculations on properties of carbazole-fluorene based D-π-A organic dyes were 

performed. We are interested in modification on the oligomer backbone including the effect of π- 

spacer length and different acceptor groups. The calculated results would be useful information for 

further design new organic dyes for DSSC application. 

Methods 

The electronic and optical properties of four organic dyes, CFP1A, CFP2A, CFP1CA, and 

CFP2CA were theoretically studied using density functional theory (DFT). The ground-state 

structures were fully optimized using DFT on becke’s three parameter exchange potential and the 

Lee-Yang-Parr correlation potential (B3LYP) with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The optical properties as well 

as vertical excitation energies and UV/Vis absorption spectra were calculated using time-dependent 

DFT (TDDFT). 

Results 

These results indicate that increasing of benzene ring to the linker of dyes cannot obviously 

decrease the excitation energies of dyes. Moreover, the effect of different acceptor groups reveals that 

cyanoacrylic acid anchor will give more desirable properties than acrylic acid anchor. 

Conclusion 

The choice of appropriate conjugated bridge is an important role for controlling the electronic and 

optical properties of dyes. Moreover, the dyes containing cyanoacrylic acid group as acceptor, 

CFP1CA and CFP2CA, promise a better property since it is beneficial for absorbing the longerwavelength 

light than CFP1A and CFP2A. 

Keywords: Dye-sensitized solar cell, Intramolecular charge transfer, TDDFT, Carbazole, Fluorene 


1. Grätzel, M. J Photoch Photobio C, 2003, 4, 145-153. 

2. Li, Y.; Liu, S.; Zhao, X.; Chen, M.; Ma, F. J Mol Struc-Theochem, 2008, 867, 10-16. 

3. Cai-Rong, Z.; Zi-Jiang, L.; Yu-Hong, C.; Hong-Shan, C.; You-Zhi, W.; Li-Hua, Y. J Mol Struc-Theochem, 

2009, 899, 86-93. 

Thanisorn Yakhanthip (ธนิสร ยาขันทิพย) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Prachinburi, Thailand 



Research field: Computational Chemistry, Light-emitting Diode, Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

S3-O9 

D--A Type Organic Dyes Bearing Carbazole-Triphenylamine 

as Donor for DSC 

Tanika Khanasa, a Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, a Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, a Tinnagon Keawin, a 

Paul M. Lahti b and Vinich Promarak a 

a Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 


b Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States. 


Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with overall conversion efficiencies of 9.8% have 

been reached with D--A type organic dyes. This indicates the promising perspective of metal-free 

organic dyes. Due to the electron-donating nature of triarylamine and carbazole, they have been 

widely used as donor part of sensitizer in DSC and exhibit satisfying results. In this work, we have 

developed new sensitizer bearing a combined carbazole-triphenylamine (TPA) donor in which TPA as 

primary donor and carbazole as secondary donor. Oligothiophenes (1-3 units) and cyanoacrylic acid 

were used as spacer and accepter, respectively. 

Methods 

The target sensitizes were synthesized using a combination of bromination, Ullmann Coupling, 

Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. The chemical and physical properties were 

characterized. The DSC devices were fabricated under standard method with N3 dye used as reference 

and measured using solar simulator at AM 1.5G radiation (80 mW/cm 2 ). 

Results 

The dye-sensitizers were obtained in moderate to high yields as orange to red solids. Their 

absorption spectra in CH 2 Cl 2 solution show the same pattern of π-π* transition (300-370 nm) and 

charge transfer transition (>400 nm) whereas the spectra of the dyes absorbed on TiO 2 film exhibit red 

shift of latter bands. CV traces exhibit three 

12 

reversible waves for the oxidation process 

10 

corresponding to the oxidations of two carbazole 

N 

8 

NC COOH 

and one triphenylamine at 0.78, 0.75 and 0.71 V, 

6 

N 

S 

1-3 

respectively. The devices show power 

4 

conversion efficiency between 2.6-4.6 % (J sc 6.9- 

N 

2 

10.4 mAcm -2 0 

, V oc 0.66-0.68 V, FF 0.5). 

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 

Conclusion 

The carbazole-triphenylamine dye sensitizers were successfully synthesized and characterized. 

They show pleasing device performance when increase the thiophene spacer length. 

Keywords: carbazole, triphenylamine, thiophene, Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 


1. Ning, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Wu, W.; Pei, H.; Liu, B.; Tian, H. J. Org. Chem., 2008, 73, 3791-3797. 

Tanika Khanasa (ธนิกา ขันอาสา) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: natural product chemistry, organic optoelectronic materials 

J SC (mA/cm 2 ) 

V OC (V)

S3-O10 

Molecular Simulations of Ion Sputter Coating on Nafion and Carbon 

Models as Alternative Catalyst in PEMFC Application 

Janchai Yana, a,b Vannajan Sanghiran Lee, a,b Sornthep Vannarat, c Prayoon Songsiriritthigul b,d , 

Supaporn Dokmaisrijan, e Min Medhisuwakul, b,f Thirapat Vilaithong b,f and Piyarat Nimmanpipug a,b 

a 

b 

c 

d 

e 

f 

Computational Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Science,Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand. 

Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics,Commission on Higher Education,328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok,10400 Thailand. 

Large Scale Simulation Research Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, 112 Phahon Yothin Road, 

Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand. 

Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, CHE, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

Institute of Science, Walailak University, Thaiburi , Thasala District, Nakhonsithammarat, 80160 Thailand. 

Research Center in Particle Beam and Plasma Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 

Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand. 


The development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance was carried out by 

molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Nafion, polymer electrolyte membrane of fuel cell, was modified by 

ion beam bombardment to increase the interfacial area of electrolyte and electrode. In this work, molecular 

simulations of ion bombardment on Nafion side chain cluster model were accomplished. In addition, an 

alternative non-noble metal catalysts: Fe-N/C introduced via sputter coating on carbon were studied as a 

candidate for catalyst modification. 

Methods 

Ar + beam bombardment on Nafion side chain cluster model was performed using MD simulation. 

Surface roughness of Nafion model was analyzed in term of damaged cavity and implantation volume. The 

possibility of sulfonate group of Nafion side chain was indicated by analysis of potentially C-S bond 

dissociation. Molecular simulations of nitrogen plasma sputter deposition on graphite sheet as carbon 

model were carried out by Monte-Carlo and MD simulations. The amount of nitrogen interact within 3.5 Å 

around carbon model was analyzed to describe the possibility of nitrogen doping. 

Results 

Surface areas of Nafion model are increased after Ar + beam bombardment. Energy and dose of Ar + 

beam bombardment have effect on Nafion surface roughness. The possibility of sulfonate fragment 

sputtering of the MD simulations was compared with experimental mass spectrum of in-situ measurement 

in bombardment process and a good correlation was found. In molecular simulations of nitrogen plasma 

sputtering on carbon model, N 2 + contributes the highest nitrogen doping. 

Conclusion 

Molecular simulations of Ar + beam bombardment on Nafion side chain cluster model and nitrogen 

plasma sputter coating on carbon model can reveal the molecular level phenomena.MD simulations of Ar + 

beam bombardment on Nafion model can clarify the effect of ion energy and ion dose on damage profile 

and sulfonate fragment sputtering after bombardment. The simulations of plasma sputter deposition of 

nitrogen on carbon model indicated the different interaction among nitrogen plasma species and dose 

effected on possibility of nitrogen doping. 

Keywords: MD simulation, Ion bombardment, Fuel cell 


1. Cho, S. A.; Cho, E. .A.; Oh, I. H.; Kim, H. -J.; Ha, H.Y.; Hong, S.-A. Ju , J. B. J Power Sources, 2006, 155, 286–290. 

2. Charreteur, F.; Jaouen, F.; Ruggeri, S.; Dodelet, J-P. Electrochim Acta, 2008, 53, 6881–6889. 

3. Honma, I.; Hirakawa, S.; Yamada, K.; Bae, J.M. Solid State Ionics, 1999, 118, 29–36. 

Janchai Yana (จันทรฉาย ยานะ) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Computational Chemistry, Fuel Cell, Ion Bombardment

S3-O11 

Cationic Modification of Zeolite NaY for Ethylene Adsorption 

Nopbhasinthu Patdhanagul, a Tipaporn Srithanratana, a Kunwadee Rangsriwatananon, b 

Khatchrin Siriwong a and Sunantha Hengrasmee a 



b School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhonratchasima 30000, Thailand. 


Ethylene is a plant hormone, that is produced to control the ripening and decaying process in 

plants. Controlling of ethylene gas concentration will allow agricultural products to be held for a 

much longer period of time [1]. In our previous works, we have modified zeolite NaY by ion 

exchange with alkali metal ions and with cationic surfactants in order to increase the ethylene 

adsorption of the zeolites. For modification with alkali metal ions, the metal ions adsorbed within the 

micropore area while PTAB adsorbed on the external surface area and both species helped to increase 

the ethylene adsorptivity of zeolite. The purpose of this current study is to investigate the efficiency of 

ethylene adsorption on combined modified zeolite NaY with both PTAB and K + ions. 

Methods 

The zeolites faujasite NaY in the ratio of Si/Al as 2 was synthesized using the method 

described in previous work [2,3]. Three combined modification methods were performed such as 

sequencial modification (K + /PTAB-zeolites and PTAB/K + -zeolite) and simultaneous modification 

(PTAB+K + /zeolite). The XRD, surface area analysis and AES were carried out for particle analysis. 

Ethylene gas adsorptions of the modified materials were investigated using NOVA 1200e instruments, 

Quantachrome. Ethylene gas with 99.9% purity was obtained from MOX, Malaysia. 

Results 

The diffraction patterns displayed a single phase of zeolite NaY. The surface area analysis 

indicated that zeolite surface possesses 10 % of external and 90 % of internal surface area. The 

ethylene adsorption isotherm illustrated that co-modification with phenyl trimethyl ammonium 

bromide and potassium ions led to zeolite that could adsorbed the ethylene gas better than unmodified 

zeolite NaY. The volume of ethylene adsorbed by zeolite under combined modification method is 

almost twice the volume adsorbed by the unmodified one. 

Conclusion 

Both external and internal surface of the zeolite NaY were modified. PTAB exchanged at the 

external surfaces while potassium cations exchanged at both the external surfaces and the micropores 

of the zeolites. The simultaneous modification method gave better result than the sequential 

modification method. 

Keywords: ethylene adsorption, co-modification, zeolite Y, cationic surfactant 


1. L. Vermeiren, F. Devlieghere, M. van Beest, N. de Kruijf, J. Debevere, Trends Food Sci. Technol 1999, 10, 77-86. 

2. N. Sue-aok, T. Srithanratana, K. Rangsriwatananon, S. Hengrasmee, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, 256, 3997–4002. 

3. N. Patdhanagul, T. Srithanratana, K. Rangsriwatananon, S. Hengrasmee, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2010, 

131, 97–102. 

Nopbhasinthu Patdhanagul (ณภสินธุ พัฒนากุล) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand 


Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: gas adsorption

S3-O12 

Structural, Electronic and Gas Adsorption Properties of Metal Doped 

Single Wall Carbon Nanotube: A Theoretical Study 

Chanukorn Tabtimsai, a,b Nadtanet Nunthaboot, a Somchai Keawwangchai, a Sarawut Tontapha, a,b Vithaya 

Ruangpornvisuti c and Banchob Wanno a,b 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand. 

b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, 

Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable attentions, since they are promising 

materials for applications in several fields, such as gas sensing and hydrogen storage. There are many 

reports of both experimental and theoretical studies of the adsorption properties, reactivities and 

capacities of gas molecules on the CNTs. The aims of this study are investigated geometrical 

structures, electronic properties and the adsorption energies of gas molecules (NO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, CO 2 

and H 2 ) adsorbed on (5,5) pristine and transition metal (TM), Zn and Os atoms, doped single wall 

carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). 

Methods 

Geometrical structures, electronic properties and the adsorption energies of gas adsorption on 

(5,5) pristine and TM–SWCNTs were investigated by using density functional theory 

(B3LYP/LanL2DZ) method. All calculations were performed by using Gaussian 03 program. 

Results 

Adsorption of molecule gases on pristine and TM–SWCNTs is occurred via an exothermic 

process. The adsorption abilities of gases onto the Zn– and Os–SWCNTs are remarkably increased as 

compared with the pristine SWCNT. The adsorption abilities of all the studied gases on the pristine, 

Zn– and Os–SWCNTs are in orders: H 2 O > CO 2 > NO 2 > NH 3 > H 2 , NO 2 >> NH 3 > H 2 O >> CO 2 >> 

H 2 and NO 2 >> NH 3 >> H 2 O >> CO 2 >> H 2 , respectively. The structural and electronic properties of 

SWCNTs have been modified by gas adsorption. Based on calculated results, the TM–SWCNTs are 

expected to be a potential novel sensor for detecting the presence of NO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, CO 2 and H 2 

gases. 

Conclusion 

Adsorption energies of gases NO 2 , NH 3 , H 2 O, CO 2 and H 2 on the pristine armchair (5,5) SWCNT 

and on the Zn– and Os–SWCNTs were obtained using density functional method. The relative 

adsorption energies of these gases on the Zn– and Os–doped SWCNTs are in the same order: NO 2 > 

NH 3 > H 2 O > CO 2 > H 2 . The adsorption abilities of these gases onto the Zn– and Os–doped SWCNTs 

are remarkably increased as compared with the pristine SWCNT. 

Keywords: adsorption, carbon nanotube, Zn–SWCNT, Os–SWCNT, DFT 


1. Yeung, C.S.; Liu L.V.; Wang Y.A., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112, 7401–7411. 

2. Zhang Y.; Zhang D.; Liu C., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 4671–4674. 

Chanukorn Tabtimsai (ฌาณุกรณ ทับทิมใส) Ph.D. Student 

b 1980 in Mahasarakham, Thailand 


Khonkaen University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: Nanotechnology

S3-O13 

Preparation of Sn-carbon Composites Used as Anode Materials 

for Li-ion Battery 

Kanyaporn Adpakpang and Thapanee Sarakonsri 


Huay Kaew Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

Introduction and Objectives 

Battery technology is one of the important technologies progressing unceasingly due to its 

wide-range applications, mostly as energy storage for electronic devices. Anode materials are also the 

one of key materials in Li-ion battery. In order to achieve high performance Li-ion battery, anode 

materials need to have high capacity and long cycle-life. Metal-carbon composites have played an 

important role as anode materials with the superior performance to the commercial material, which is 

graphite. 

The objectives of this work are to prepare Sn-carbon composites by varying the types of carbon 

which possibly effect the physical properties, and therefore the electrical performance of a battery. 

Methods 

Powders of 50%w Sn-Carbon composite were prepared by the solution method using sodium 

borohydride as a reducing agent. The reaction process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere. Tin 

chloride was firstly dissolved in bubbled ethylene glycol which later added carbons. Then, solutions 

were sonicated for 30 minute, after that, reduced by NaBH 4 and further stirred at room temperature for 

24 hours. Finally, collecting the precipitates by filtration and dried at 70˚C for 2 hours. Types of 

carbon were varied as graphite AG, graphite NG, graphite MCMB, carbon N115, technical cellulose, 

nanofibrilled cellulose, and carbon nanotube. 

Results 

The XRD results showed that all product samples composed of Sn and carbon phases, although 

some sample, Sn-carbon N115 and Sn-graphite MCMB, were interfered by SnO 2 phase. The amount 

of Sn on carbon in all samples, studying by EDS technique, were acceptable. Moreover, the varied 

sizes of Sn particles for each type of carbon were observed as a good dispersion on carbon surface. 

Conclusion 

Sn-Graphite AG, Sn-Graphite NG, and Sn-Nanofibrilled Cellulose samples were supposed to 

have high electrical performance due to the small size and well dispersed of pure phase Sn on carbons. 

Pure phase and the dispersion of Sn depend on carbon types, despite using the same process for 

preparation. 

Keywords: Tin-carbon composites, Anode materials, Li-ion battery 


1. Zhang, Y., Zhang, X.G., Zhang, H.L.,Zhao, Z.G., Li, F., Liu, C., Cheng, H.M. Electrochim Acta, 2006, 51, 4994-5000. 

2. Huang, H., Kelder, E.M., Schoonman, J. J. Power Sources, 2001, 97-98, 114-117. 

3. Li, N., Martin, C.R., Scrosati, B. J. Power Sources, 2001, 97-98, 240-243. 

4. Broussely,M., Biensan, P., Simon, B. Electrochim Acta, 1999, 45, 3-22. 

5. Winter, M., Besenhard, J.O. Electrochim Acta, 1999, 45, 31. 

Kanyaporn Adpakpang (กัญญาพร อาจผักปง) M.Sc. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. present 

Research field: Anode materials for Li-ion battery, Chemical deposition synthesis.

S3-O14 

Effect of Phase Transformation on the Luminescent Properties of the 

Eu 3+ Doped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Crystals 

Rungsit Lunda, Rakchart Traiphol and Nipaphat Charoenthai 

Laboratory of Advanced Polymers and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

Objectives 

To synthesize and characterization the Eu 3+ doped yttria-stabilized zirconia crystals by using 

chemical method 

Methods 

In this research, ZrO 2 crystals co-doped with Y 3+ and Eu 3+ were prepared by chemical process. 

The quantity of Eu 3+ was fixed at 3 mol% whereas the ratio of Y 3+ was varied from 0 to 7 mol% 

(ZrO 2 :3%Eu: x%Y). The crystals were obtained by calcination at 800 0 C for 1 h. 

Results 

The phase transformation of ZrO 2 crystals co-doped with Y 3+ and Eu 3+ were investigated by 

utilizing X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that monoclinic 

phase of pure ZrO 2 crystals transform to tetragonal and cubic phase upon introducing Y 3+ and Eu 3+ 

into the crystals. The effect of structural change on optical property was investigated by using 

photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was found that the PL spectra of the Y 3+ and Eu 3+ doped ZrO 2 

crystal exhibited a red luminescent emission. Moreover, the phase transformation of ZrO 2 crystal was 

found to effect luminescent intensity significantly as shown in Fig. 1(a). The concentration of Y 3+ in 

the crystal that yielded highest luminescent intensity was 4 mol% as shown in Fig. 1(b). Morphology 

of crystal revealed by scanning electron microscopy showed irregular shape with average grain size 

of about 150-200 nm. 

(a) 

(b) 

Figure 1 (a) PL spectra and (b) Integrated PL area of ZrO 2 :3%Eu: x%Y (x=0-7 mol %) crystals. 

Conclusion 

Our results show that the phase transformation greatly affects the luminescent properties of 

Eu 3+ doped yttria-stabilized zirconia crystals. 

Keywords: ZrO 2 crystals, Calcination, Photoluminescence 


1. Feng, G.; Shu, F. W.; Meng, K. L.; Guang, J. Z.; Su, W. L.; Duo,. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 380, 185–189. 

Rungsit Lunda (รังสิต ลันดา) M.Sc. Student 

born 1986 in Phayao, Thailand 


Research field: Synthesis inorganic material

S3-O15 

Ultrafast Vibrational Relaxation Dynamics of Carbonyl Stretching 

Modes in Os 3 (CO) 12 

Suxia Yan, Marco Thomas Seidel, Zhengyang Zhang, and Howe-Siang Tan 




Os 3 (CO) 12 has been widely used in organometallic synthesis, and also as a model to study 

photo-induced reaction mechanisms. 1 Mid IR pump-probe spectroscopy was used to investigate the 

vibrational dynamics of the carbonyls stretches of Os 3 (CO) 12 in CHCl 3 . 2 

Methods 

A tunable ultrafast mid IR pulse was split into three channels: pump, probe, and reference. The 

pump and probe were focused and overlapped in the sample, pump-probe signals were frequency 

resolved by a monochromator and collected using an InSb detector. 

Results 

Transient absorption spectra at various time delays as well as pump-probe traces were obtained at 

these fundamental and overtone frequencies. The dynamics of the four modes exhibited marked 

differences (Figure below), an anomalous rising feature in the traces C and D was observed. 

Conclusion 

Os 3 (CO) 12 has been identified as a system with spectral overlap between combination and 

fundamental transition bands, 2,3 which provides possibilities of erroneous interpretation and 

ambiguities when measuring excited state population dynamics. 

Keywords: pump-probe, carbonyls, vibration, dynamics 


1. Leadbeater, N. J. Organomet. Chem., 1999, 573, 211. 

2. Yan, S.; Seidel, M.; Zhang, Z.; Leong, W.; Tan, H. submitted to J. Chem. Phys. 

3. Mills I.; Robiette, A. Mol. Phys., 1985, 56, 743. 

Suxia Yan, Ph.D. Student 

b 1981 in Jiangsu, China 

Northeast Normal University, China, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 

CIOMP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Physics, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: ultrafast spectroscopy, molecular dynamics

S3-O16 

Photocatalytic Activity of Flower-like ZnO Derived by a 

D-Gluclose-assisted Sonochemical Method 

Assadawoot Srikhaow a and Siwaporn Meejoo Smith b 


Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 



Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising material which is employed for degradation of organic 

pollutant compounds by solar and UV light utilization. It has high photosensitivity, low cost, is 

non-toxic and environmentally benign. One of limitations to use ZnO as a photocatalyst is a high rate 

of electron-hole recombination. It has been reported that defects play an important role to reduce 

recombination process and flower-like ZnO exhibited high activity. In this work, we investigated the 

optimum condition to prepare flower-like ZnO of highest photoactivity. 

Methods 

Flower-like ZnO was prepared by using a precipitation method through adding D-glucose as an 

ion stabilizer for flower-like formation. Ultrasonic irradiation was applied in the synthesis to give the 

different characteristics in the flower-like ZnO. The applied sonication times were 0, 10 and 20 

minutes, and the samples were calcined at 300, 400 and 500 ºC for 3 hours under an air atmosphere. 

Photocatalytic activity was performed by applying ten milligrams of ZnO into a 10 mL (10 ppm) of 

methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution. The suspensions were irradiated under UV-Visible light using 

a tungsten lamp (4 x 300W OSRAM ULTRA-VITALUX ® ), withdrawn from the reaction solution 

every 15 minutes, centrifuged and filtered. The absorbance at maximum absorption wavelength of 464 

nm was measured by using UV-analysis. 

Results 

The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared samples was investigated by carrying out the 

photocatalytic degradation of MO under UV-visible light irradiation for 45 minutes. The sample 

prepared by using 20 minutes sonication time and 300 C calcination temperature exhibited the 

optimum photocatalytic activity, with a 97.5% degradation of MO. 

Conclusion 

Flower-like ZnO can be successfully prepared via a D-glucose-assisted sonochemical method. 

Longer sonication time results in the clearer feature of flower like morphology and the higher values 

of average pore diameters. Specific surface area and structural defects (oxygen vacancies) play 

important roles to the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. By applying the sonication time of 20 minutes 

for each calcination temperature, the obtained flower-like ZnO samples tend to have relatively high 

photocatalytic activity. 

Keywords: flower-like ZnO, photocatalyst, sonochemical method 


1. Zhang, M.; Sheng, G.; Fu, J.; An T.; Wang, X.; Hu, X., Mater Lett, 2005, 59, 3641-3644. 

2. Cozzoli, P. D.; Kornowski, A.; Weller, H., J Phys Chem B, 2005,109, 2638-2644. 

3. Mishra, P.; Yadav, R.S.; Pandey, A. C., Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2010, 17, 560–565. 

Assadawoot Srikhaow (อัษฎาวุธ ศรีขาว) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Ubonratchathani, Thailand 

Khonkaen University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: photocatalyst, porous material and nanotechnology

S3-O17 

MRI-visible Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Cell Detection 

Man Theerasilp, a Witaya Sungkarat b and Norased Nasongkla a 

a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand 

b 

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 


The facilitated glucose transporter, especially Glut-1 plays an important role in the glucose uptake 

of cancer cells. The positron emission tomography (PET) successfully uses Glut-1 as a targeting 

receptor. Thus, Glut-1 may be adapted to target cancer cells for other imaging techniques. Polymeric 

micelles were studied extensively to use as a MRI probe for cancer detection. Our goal is to construct 

a MR contrast agent in the form of polymeric micelles that can bind to Glut-1 on surface of cancer 

cell. The super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) was encapsulated in micelle core due to its darkening 

effect as a result of MR T2(*)-weighted shortening properties. 

Methods 

Synthesis of SPIO. Iron(III) acetylacetonate, 1,2-hexadecanediol, oleic acid, and oleylamine were 

mixed in benzyl ether. The mixture was heated to 200 °C for 2 h under argon and then, heated to 

reflux for 1 h. The dark-brown product was precipitated by ethanol then was resuspended again in 

hexane in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine and reprecipitated with ethanol to give 6 nm 

SPIO. These SPIO were used as seeds to synthesize 8 nm magnetite nanoparticles. 

Encapsulation of SPIO in micelles. By evaporator method, 20 mg of PEG-b-PCL and 1.5 mg of 

SPIO were dissolved in 2 ml THF in vial then, was transferred to 20 ml of aqueous solution by 

dropping, while the mixture was sonicated continuously (SONIC, Model VCX 130) at 130 w. The 

resulted solution was gently stirred at room temperature until the organic phase was completely 

evaporated. After that, the solution was filtered through a 0.2 m syringe filter. 

Results 

The SPIO encapsulation was succeeded by evaporation method resulting in the encapsulation of 

SPIO by block copolymers which was well-soluble in aqueous solution. The size distribution was 

determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TEM image showed that clustering of SPIO were 

formed in the core of polymeric micelles. The T2-weighted MR image was found to be directly 

proportional to the amount of SPIO micelles. 

Conclusion 

SPIO was successfully encapsulated in polymeric micelles which could be detected by MRI. 

Keywords: Polymeric micelle, MRI, SPIO and Cancer 


1. Sun, S.; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 273-279 

2. Nasongkla, N.; Gao, J. Nano Lett., 2006, 6(11), 2427-2430. 

Man Theerasilp (แมน ธีระศิลป) Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2003 

Research field: Molecular imaging and Drug delivery system

S3-O18 

Synthesis and Characterization of Biocompatible Poly(2-hydroxyethyl 

methacrylate)-chitosan Core-shell Hydrogel Particles 

Somkieath Jenjob and Panya Sunintaboon 




Chitosan (CS) has been widely used in numerous pharmaceutical and biomedical applications 

because it is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible natural polymer. Herein, we report the 

synthesis and characterization of biocompatible core-shell hydrogel particles, having CS shell and 

PHEMA core by using an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. These hydrogel particles would be 

useful for many applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, or gene delivery. 

Methods 

The biocompatible nanoparticles possessing of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) 

core coated with CS shell were synthesized via an emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization. A redox 

initiating system was stemming from tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and amine groups on CS. The 

obtained nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron 

microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 

Results 

The percentages of HEMA monomer conversion increased from 62% up to 82% and solids 

contents from 1.4% to 2.1% with the increasing amount of CS. The amount of HEMA charged was 

found to have an effect on the stability of such particles as observed from the occurrence of coagulum. 

The prepared PHEMA-CS core-shell particles had diameter around 570-649 nm (observed from 

TEM) and displayed positive surface charges about 32 - 50 mV, depending on the CS content. FT-IR 

spectra were attained to confirm the chemical component of PHEMA-CS particles. The PHEMA-CS 

particles had spherical shape and core-shell morphology as illustrated by SEM and TEM. Moreover, 

the crosslinking agent added into this system can enhance the particle thermal stability as observed by 

TGA and water uptake ability. 

Conclusion 

The novel PHEMA-CS core-shell hydrogel particles were achieved via an emulsifier-free 

emulsion polymerization induced by TBHP. The CS behaved as co-initiator and also stabilizer to 

the formed particles. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the particles had a spherical shape. 

The obtained core-shell hydrogel particles would be useful for many applications such as a scaffold 

for tissue engineering, a delivery carrier, or a substrate for immobilization of enzyme, protein, or cell. 

Keywords: Core-shell particle, Chitosan, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 


1. Supharat Inphonlek, Nuttaporn Pimpha, Panya Sunintaboon, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 

2010, 77, 219-226 

2. Pei Li, Junnin Zhu, Panya Sunintaboon, Frank W. Harris, Langmuir, 2002, 18, 8641-8646. 

Somkieath Jenjob (สมเกียรติ เจนจบ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Surin,Thailand 


Research field: Nanotechnology

S3-O19 

NR-g-PVA/zeolite-g-PAA Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM) for 

Dehydration Pervaporation of Water-ethanol Mixtures 

Ridhaned Wattanawiboonkid and Sittipong Amnuaypanich 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 



To develop the MMMs from a composite of zeolite-graft-poly(acrylic acid) (Zeolite-g-PAA) 

and natural rubber-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (NR-g-PVA). 

To investigate the separation efficiency of the MMMs via a dehydration of water-ethanol 

mixtures through the pervaporation. 

Methods 

1) NR-g-PVA 

PVA was dissolved in DI water at 90 O C until obtaining homogeneous solution. The initiator 

was prepared by dissolving KPS. The KPS solution was poured into PVA solution and NR latex. 

Then the PVA solution and NR latex were heated to 70 O C for 15 min before they were mixed together 

in the reactor. The graft polymerization was allowed to proceed for 3 hr. Grafting percentage (%G) 

was determined by an extraction method. The properties of NR-g-PVA latex were characterized by 

1 H-NMR and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). 

2) Zeolite-g-PAA 

The zeolite 4A particles were stirred with 0.1 M HCl at room temperature for 8 hr. Then, the 

zeolites were washed with deionize water to remove HCl residue and were filtered and dried at 110 O C 

for 12 hr. Next, the dried zeolites were silylated using 10% vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) in xylene 

and reflux for 5 hr at 137 O C. After that, the reaction temperature was lower to 70 O C and maintained at 

this temperature for 1 hr to evapolate methanol by-product. The silylated zeolites were dried at 150 O C 

for 12 hr. before were stirred with xylene at room temperature for 48 hr to remove the unreacted 

VTMS. Next, the silylated zeolites were dispersed in ethanol at 70 O C and AA monomer was added 

with the zeolite reactor was carried on for 3 hr under nitrogen atmosphere and constant stirring. The 

product was filtered and dried at 70 O C. The zeolite-g-PAA was characterized by FT-IR and TG-DTA. 

To prepare the MMMs, the NR-g-PVA latex and zeolite-g-PAA were mixed at 70 O C and 

stirred for 3 hr. Then, the mixture was cast on a nylon substrate and dried at 40 O C. Swelling degree, 

sorption selectivity and pervaporation efficiency of the membranes were investigated. 

Results 

The results showed that the %G of NR-g-PVA increased with an increase of the amount of 

PVA. However %G of the NR-g-PVA was constant as increased the amount of KPS. 

Conclusion 

PVA can be grafted onto NR latex via the free radical polymerization. The amount of grafting 

depended on the amount of PVA added with NR ltex. 

Keywords: poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylic acid), NR latex, mixed matrix membrane, pervaporation 


1. Van, N.; Wayne, Y.; Yoram, C. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2003, 87, 300-310. 

2. Khoonsap, S.; Amnuaypanich, S. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 367, 182-189. 

Ridhaned Wattanawiboonkid (ฤทธเนศ วัฒนวิบูลยกิจ) M.Sc. Student 


Research field: surface modification, membrane separation

S3-O20 

Effect of Porous 3-Dimensional Scaffolds of Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) 

on the Biocompatibility of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 

Boontharika Thapsukhon, a Donraporn Daranarong, a Kewalin Inthanon, b Puttinan Meepowpan, a 

Robert Molloy, a Weerah Wongkham, b Pitt Supaphol c and Winita Punyodom a 



b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 


Porous scaffolds are useful in tissue engineering to allow vascularization or to promote rapid 

ingrowths of cells. The main objective of this work is to study the effects of porous 3-dimensional 

poly(L-lactide-co--caprolactone), PLC membranes for potential uses as absorbable nerve guides on 

the cell attachment and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 

Methods 

PLC copolymer 67:33 mole % was synthesized by ring-opening bulk polymerization (ROP) and 

characterized by 1 H and 13 C-NMR, GPC, viscometry, DSC and tensile testing. The non-porous and 

porous PLC membranes were fabricated by film casting (MC), phase immersion precipitation/ 

porosifying agent leaching (MP) and electrospinning (ME). The morphology of PLC membranes was 

studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro biocompatibility testing on MSCs from 

Wharton’s jelly (BCP-K1) was conducted on PLC membranes. 

Results 

An appreciated pore size of MP and ME membranes were about 9.46 3.49 and 2.94 1.52 µm, 

respectively. Nanofibrous ME with fiber diameters in the range of 480 121 nm and porosity of 

85.4% were obtained by electrospinning. The cell attachment efficiency of BCP-K1 shows the ME 

was significantly difference from control, MC and MP at 24 hour. The proliferation rate of the 

control and the ME was likely to be more BCP-K1 cell dividing rate than MC and MP. 

Conclusion 

The electrospun nanofibrous membrane was found to show favorable cell growth as a scaffold. 

The architecture of the proposed scaffold is also important for its performance as an absorbable nerve 

guides. 

Keywords: poly(L-lactide-co--caprolactone), porous 3-dimensional membranes, mesenchymal stem 

cells, biocompatibility 


1. Sangsanoh, P.; Suwantong, O.; Neamnark, A.; Cheepsunthorn, P.; Pavasant, P.; Supaphol, P. Eur Polym J, 

2010, 46, 428-440. 

2. Seda, T. R.; Karakeçili, A.; Gümüşderelioğlu M. J Mater Sci-Mater M, 2007, 18, 1665-1674. 

Boontharika Thapsukhon (บุณฑริกา เทพสุคนธ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1981 in Nan, Thailand 




Abstracts 

Poster Presentations

Session S1 

Analytical Technologies 

(S3–P1 - S3–P82)

S1-P1 

Fabrication of a Home-made Spectrophotometric Detector 

for Flow Injection System 

Apidech Thongsom, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 




The combination of flow injection analysis (FIA) with spectrophotometric detector is common 

instrument for quantitative analysis. But the commercial spectrophotometric detector for flow 

injection analysis system that widely used is very expensive. In this research, an inexpensive 

spectrophotometric detector for flow injection system is fabricated and applies a home-made 

spectrophotometric detector for determination of metal using a suitable reagent. 

Methods 

A home-made spectrophotometric detector had been designed. It is consisted of a polymethyl 

methacrylate (PMMA) as flow cell block, light emitting diode (LED) as light source and photo cell as 

detector. The FIA manifold was made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing, which was inserted 

into a PMMA flow cell for passing the solution to measures the absorbance using photo cell detector. 

Preliminary studied, a standard solution of 0.1 mM ferrozine and 0.1 mM Fe(II) were prepared in 

deionized water. A standard ferrozine and Fe(II)-ferrozine complex were scanned for the maximum 

absorption wavelength in the range of 400-800 nm using UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 

instrument, USA). 

Results 

The absorption signal of standard ferrozine and Fe(II)-ferrozine complex were scanned for the 

maximum absorption wavelength, it was found that, the maximum absorption wavelength of complex 

forming between 0.1 mM ferrozine and 0.1 mM Fe(II) was 562 nm while the absorption signal of 

standard ferrozine was not found in the visible region. The result obtained will be used for testing 

with a home-made spectrophotometric detector in further work. 

Conclusion 

A standard ferrozine did not absorb the light in the visible region. The Fe(II)-ferrozine complex 

with a magenta color solution provided the maximum absorption wavelength at 562 nm. The testing 

result of a home-made spectrophotometric detector is under investigation. 

Keywords: fabrication, home-made spectrophotometric detector, flow injection analysis 


1. Hirata, S.; Amma, B. V.; Karthikeyan, S.; Toda, K. Anal. Sci. 2003, 19, 1687-1689. 

2. Stookey, L. L. Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 779-781. 

3. Pascual-Reguera, M. I.; Ortega-Carmona, I.; Molina-Díaz, A. Talanta. 1997, 44, 1793-1801. 

Apidech Thongsom (อภิเดช ทองโสม) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Yasothon, Thailand 



S1-P2 

A Compact Flow Injection Colorimetric Detection for 

Determination of Ethanol in Distilled Liquor 

Wanpen Khongpet, a Somkit Pencharee, b Kate Grudpan, c Jaroon Jakmunee c and Orawan Kritsunankul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 


b Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathanee University, Ubon Ratchathanee 34190, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Ethanol in variety of local distilled liquors is the major product from yeast fermentation and 

distillation of agricultural products such as corn, rice and several fruits. It is the main compound for 

quality control of distilled liquors. Many methods are used for ethanol determination such as gas 

chromatography [1], high performance liquid chromatography [2], UV/Vis spectrophotometry [3] and 

flow injection analysis [4]. However, all these methods are perhaps tedious, high cost of 

instrumentation and high consumption of reagent/solvent. Therefore, in this work, a compact flow 

injection colorimetric system for ethanol determination in distilled liquor is reported. This proposed 

system offered a low cost of instrumentation, simple, fast and low chemical consumption. 

Methods 

A method based on a compact flow injection colorimetric system was investigated. A 

sample/standard solution was injected into a carrier stream of water to merge with a reagent stream of 

an acidic potassium permanganate and flowed further through a mixing coil to the detector. The 

decrease in color intensity of potassium permanganate was monitored using a green-LED as a light 

source. The recorder version 5.0 and an eDAQ Chart software were used to record the FI peaks and 

evaluate for peak heights. Some parameters affecting sensitivity and reproducibility of the system 

were optimized such as reagent concentrations (potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid 

concentrations), flow rates of both carrier and reagent streams, lengths of mixing coil, sample 

volumes and the stability of a reagent solution. 

Results 

The optimum conditions, 0.2 mmol/L of KMnO 4 + 0.25 mol/L of H 2 SO 4 as a reagent, 1.0 mL/min 

of flow rates of both carrier and reagent streams, 140 cm of mixing coil length and 90 µL of sample 

volume were selected. A linear calibration graph in the range of 10-40% (v/v) for ethanol was 

obtained. The detection limit was 0.15% (v/v). The relative standard deviation was less than 5% (30 

%v/v, n=3). 

Conclusion 

The proposed system was successfully applied for analysis of ethanol in commercially available 

Thai distilled liquor samples and the results obtained agreed well with those obtained by a 

potentiometric titration. This low cost system was simple, rapid (sample rate of 30 injections per 

hour), reproducible and low chemical consumption. 

Keywords: flow injection, colorimetric, ethanol, distilled liquor 


1. Wang, M. L.; Choong, Y. M.; Su, N. W.; Lee, M. H. J. Food Drug Anal., 2003, 11(2), 133-140. 

2. Yarita, T.; Nakajima, R.; Otsuka, S.; Ihara, T.; Takatsu, A.; Shibukawa, M., J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 976, 387-391. 

3. Magri, A. D.; Magri, A. L.; Balestrieri, F.; Sacchini, A.; Marini, D., Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 357, 985-988. 

4. Salgado, A. M.; Folly, R.O.M.; Valdman, B.; Cos, O.; Valero, F., Biotechnol. Lett., 2000, 22, 327–330. 

Wanpen Khongpet (วัญเพ็ญ คงเพ็ชร) M.Sc. Student 


Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: analytical chemistry 

1

S1-P3 

Determination of Salinity in Seawater with 

a Reagent-free Flow Injection System 

Piyawan Phansi, a,b Dollapun Jittaboonruang, a,b Panwadee Wattanasin, a,b Kamonthip Sereenonchai, a,c 

Saowapak Teerasong, a,d Wanchai Meesiri e and Duangjai Nacapricha a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST labs.) 


Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, 99 Paholyothin 

Road, Klongluang, Patumtani 12121, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Chalongkrung Rd. 

Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. 

e Bangkok High Lab Co., Ltd., 999/146 Soi Wipawadee 60, Wipawadee Road, Taladbangkhen , Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. 


This work presents a simple flow injection system by utilizing a positive side of Schlieren effect for 

determination of salinity in seawater samples. Generally, researchers dealing with flow injection analysis 

will try to avoid having Schlieren effect when using a spectrometric detection equipped with conventional 

cuvette flow-cell. Salt in the zone of seawater forms lens causing diffraction of light. This could result in 

signal detected by a UV-VIS spectrometer or a colorimeter. In this work, the lens effect will be utilized to 

developed a simple detection and quantization method for measuring salinity in seawater. The system 

should be a reagent-free flow analysis system. 

Methods 

The flow injection system shown in Fig. 1 was set up to test the idea of using the Schlieren effect for 

measuring salinity. 

Fig. 1. Flow injection manifold for determination of salinity; P = Peristaltic pump, IV = injection valve, 

S = seawater sample, D = detector at 900 nm. 

Results 

It has been observed that the higher the salinity, the greater the signal due to the difference between 

the refractive indices of the water carrier and of seawater. The proposed method was applied to determine 

the salinity in seawater samples that were found in from 27 to 35 g kg -1 . The results were agreed well with 

the results obtained from a commercial handheld refractometer. 

Conclusion 

It has been demonstrated that Schlieren effect can be utilized in quantitative analysis of salinity by 

flow analysis. The flow system is a reagent-free system, with high sample throughput (90 sample h -1 ) and 

high precision. Therefore the system is suitable for routine monitoring out in the field. 

Keywords: salinity, Schlieren effect 


1. Grosso, P.; Le Menn, L.; de Bougrent de Tocnaye, J.-L.; Wu, ZY.; Malarde, D. Deep-Sea Res. I, 2010, 57, 151- 156. 

2. Teerasong, S.; Chan-Eam, S.; Sereenonchai K.; Amornthammarong, K.; Ratanawimarnwong, N.; Nacapricha, 

D. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2010, 668, 47-53. 

3. Malarde, D.; Wu, ZY.; Grosso, P.; de Bougrent de Tocnaye, J.-L.; and Le Menn, M. Meas. Sci. Technol., 2009, 

20, 1-8. 

Piyawan Phansi (ปยวรรณ พันสี) Ph.D. Student 

b 1986 in Amnatcharoen, Thailand 


Research field: flow injection analysis, spectroscopic method

S1-P4 

A Simple Flow Injection Analysis Spectrophotometric Method for 

Determination of Trace Nitrite in Water Samples 

Paweelada Prasertboonyai, Orn-anong Arquero and Saisunee Liawruangrath * 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang 

Mai University, Huay Kaew Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Nitrite is one of the important water pollutants. Excess concentration of nitrite in drinking water 

is hazardous to health, especially for infants and pregnant women. Nitrite reacts readily with 

secondary and tertiary amines and amides in human body producing toxic and carcinogenic 

nitrosamines compounds [1]. In view of the increasing interest in the quality of natural and sewage 

water, nitrite levels, when correlated with other forms of nitrogen in water, can provide an index of 

organic pollution in water [2], making the determination of exact concentration of nitrite in water 

desirable. 

In this work, we have developed a simple and selective method for nitrite determination with low 

limits. The method is sensitive and does not suffer from most of the potential interferences. The 

proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of nitrite in water samples from Ping 

River and Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 

Methods 

In this work, a very simple and selective method for nitrite determination based on the reaction 

between nitrite, sulphanilamide, ammonium sulphamate and N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine 

dihydrochloride in 0.1 mol L -1 hydrochloric acid, yielding a red-purple colored complex product with 

a maximum absorption at 540 nm 

Results 

The optimized conditions were obtained with univariate method. The calibration graph was linear 

in the nitrite concentration ranges of 0.01-0.1 mg L -1 and 0.1-1.0 mg L -1 . The detection limit was 

0.002 mg L -1 of nitrite, the relative standard deviation (n = 10) was 0.30% and 0.31% for 0.3 mg L -1 

and 0.5 mg L -1 of nitrite respectively. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that, the recommended 

method is on par with the colorimetric method currently being used for the determination of nitrite. 

Conclusion 

The proposed method is simple, low cost, sensitive, selective for the determination of nitrite and 

the propose method was successfully applied for the determination of nitrite in water samples. The 

results obtained were good agreements with those received by colorimetric method verified by the 

student T-test. 

Keywords: nitrite, flow injection analysis, spectrophotometry, sulphanilamide, water samples 


1. Kazemzadeh, A.; Ensafi, A.A. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2001, 442, 319-326. 

2. Sreekumara, N.V.; Narayanaa, B; Manjunathab, B.R.; Sarojinic, B.K. Microchem. J., 2003, 74, 27–32. 

Paweelada Prasertboonyai (ปวีรลดา ประเสริฐบุญใหญ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1987 Nakhon Phanom, Thailand 


Research field: water analysis and flow injection analysis

S1-P5 

Determination of Ammonia by Reverse Flow Injection Analysis 

Nopphawun Thubkhun and Napa Tangtreamjitmun 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha 

University,Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


Ammonia is the important parameter for fish culture and water quality monitoring. Because 

ammonia is toxic to fish and aquatic organisms, even in very low concentrations. This work presents 

an optimization of a reverse flow injection spectrophotometric system for determination of ammonia 

in water samples by Indophenol blue reaction. 

Methods 

The FIA manifold for determination of ammonia was modified from other work 3 . The optimized 

manifold was presented in Figure 1. The selected concentration range of reagent to be optimized was 

presented in Table 1. 

Parameters 

Range 

Concentration of Sodium Hypochlorite 0% - 4% 

Concentration of Ortho Phenylphenol 1% - 4% 

Concentration of Sodium Nitroprusside 

1x10 -5 -1x10 -2 M 

Figure 1. The optimization manifold 

Table 1. The range of optimization parameter 

Results 

The determination of ammonia involved an injection of a 100 L reagent (a mixture of 

orthophenylphenol and sodium nitroprusside) into the sample stream containing ammonia. Ammonia 

and the reagents were then flowed through the reaction coil 1 (50 cm) to mix with a sodium 

hypochlorite solution at the reaction coil 2 (700 cm). The reaction coil 2 was heated in a 60°C water 

bath to accelerate the formation of the blue complex product. This product can absorb strongly at 670 

nm detected online by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The total flow rate was 4.50 mL/min, The 

optimization concentration of sodium hypochlorite, ortho-phenylphenol and sodium nitroprusside 

were 0.25%, 2%, and 1x10 -3 M respectively. 

Conclusion 

This method can analyse 40 samples per hour with small reagent consumption (100 L per sample). 

A calibration curve was linearly from 0.1-1 ppm NH 3 -N. The linear-regression equation was Y = 

0.4712X-0.0006 and the correlation coefficient was 0.9984. An advantage of small toxic reagent 

consumption leads to benefit the environment. 

Keywords: ammonia, indophenol blue, reverse flow injection 


1. Searle, P.L. Analyst, 1984, 109, 549-568. 

2. Kanda, J. Water Res., 1995, 29, 2746-2750. 

3. Tsuboi, T.; Hirano Y.; Shibata Y.; Motomizu S. Anal. Sci., 2002, 18, 1141-1144 

Nopphawun Thunkhun (นพวรรณ ทับขัน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Chonburi, Thailand 

Burapha University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: analytical chemistry, flow injection analysis

S1-P6 

Comparison of the Efficiency of Gas Collection Units for 

Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide by Flow Injection Analysis 

Noppadon Manoyen, a,b Chatchavalee Kalumpahete, c Siwaporn Mejoo Smith a and Kanchana Uraisin a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.) 



c PTT Research & Technology Institute, Phaholyothin Rd, Ayutthaya Province 13170, Thailand. 


The determinations of nitrogen dioxide were interested in recent year. Due to the nitrogen 

dioxide is in the gas form so the collection unit was necessary. Therefore, this work is attempt to 

compare and select the appropriate gas collection unit for determination of nitrogen dioxide by flow 

injection analysis. 

Methods 

In this work, on-line sampling and analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 (g) ) was performed by 

coupling gas collection unit with flow injection system. Sampling efficiency of various types of gas 

collection units, gas diffusion unit, pervaporation unit and membraneless vaporization unit, were 

studied. The standard NO 2 (g) was collected into the trapping solution of triethanolamine (TEA) to 

form NO 2 

- 

(aq) which was further propelled and reacted with Griess reagent along flow channel. The 

pink color of azo-compound was achieved which can be spectrophotometrically monitored at 540 nm. 

The performance in term of sampling capability and expediency obtained from 3 kinds of gas 

collection unit were compared. 

Results 

The performance of gas collection units were tested by injection of standard nitrogen dioxide gas 

(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ppmV) into the units. The calibration curve obtained from 3 units were 

constructed and compared in the view of sensitivity and linearity. In this work, gas diffusion unit was 

selected because it provides high sensitivity (Abs 540nm = (0.0058±0.0002)C NO2 – (0.0747±0.0122)) 

with good precision (%RSD of 50 ppmV = 1.63%) and short analysis time (5 min). 

Conclusion 

The efficiency of gas collection units was compared in order to achieve the most suitable 

sampling unit for determination of nitrogen dioxide in air. The gas diffusion unit is the best collection 

unit when compare with the others. Moreover, the selected unit is practical to use without 

sophisticated operations. 

Keywords: gas collection unit, nitrogen dioxide, flow injection analysis, griess reagent 


1. Zhao, Y.Z.; He, Y.Z.; Gan, W.E.; Yang, L. Talanta , 2002, 56, 619-625. 

2. Wei, Y.; Oshima, M.; Simon, J.; Motomizu, S. Talanta, 2002, 57, 355-364. 

3. Namieśnik, J.; Zabiegała, B.; Kot-Wasik, A.; Partyka, M.; Wasik, A. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2005, 381, 279- 

301. 

Noppadon Manoyen (นพดล มะโนเย็น) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied in Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 

Student , 2009-present 


S1-P7 

Application of CdS Quantum Dots as Luminescent Probes for Arsenic 

Determination by Gas-Diffusion Flow Injection Analysis 

Nutthaya Butwong, Supalax Srijaranai, Wittaya Ngeontae and Rodjana Burakham 




The determination of arsenic based on the fluorescence quenching of mercaptoacetic acid capped 

cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS-MAA QDs) after interacts with generated arsine via the 

automated flow system was proposed. 

Methods 

The sequential injection analysis system (SIA; donor stream) was used for the arsine generation, 

while flow injection analysis system (FIA; acceptor stream) was used to control the CdS-MAA QDs 

solution. A gas-diffusion unit (GDU) consisted of two rectangular Perspex blocks with a semipermeable 

PTFE membrane was used to separate the donor and acceptor chambers of the GDU. The 

parameters affecting to the detection sensitivity were investigated. 

Results 

For SIA, the optimum parameters were 0.5 mol L −1 HCl, 0.5 %( w/v) NaBH 4 , dispense flow rate 

of 20 µL min −1 and sample volume of 300 (100×3) µL. Whereas the optimum parameters of the donor 

stream were as followed: CdS-MAA QDs 1.8 mmol L -1 dissolved in acetic-acetate buffer 10 mmol L -1 

with deliver flow rate of 0.5 mL min −1 . Under the optimum conditions, the concentrations of As(III) 

were corresponded well with the fluorescence intensity according to Stern-Volmer equation with an 

excellent R 2 (0.9919). The calibration curve was in the range of 0.1-1.0 mg L -1 with LOD (3) of 70 

µg L -1 . The precision (%RSD) from eight replicates of the determination of 1.0 mg L −1 was found 

only 1.4%. 

Conclusion 

The method based on the fluorescence quenching of CdS-MAA QDs after interacts with generated 

arsine via the automated flow system was successfully developed. The proposed method is simple and 

can be used as an alternative to other spectrophotometric methods for As determination. 

Keywords: arsenic, cadmium sulfide quantum dots, hydride generation 


1. Wu, Ch-L.; Zhao, Y-B., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 388, 717–722. 

2. Chen, J.; Zheng, A.; Gao, Y.; He, Ch.; Wu, G.; Chen, Y.; Kai, X.; Zhu, Ch. Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2008, 

69, 1044–1052. 

Nutthaya Butwong (ณัฏฐธยาน บุตรวงศ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: determination and speciation of metal

S1-P8 

Development of a Flow Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis System 

Thararat Moonta, a,b Patcharin Chaisuwan, a,c Duangjai Nacapricha, a,b 

Kanchana Uraisin a,b 

Prapin Wilairat a,b and 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories(First-labs) 



C Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science,Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumwit 23 Rd, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. 


The capillary electrophoresis (CE) is able to apply other techniques such as ion chromatography, 

high pressure liquid chromatography and flow injection system. In this work, we develop a system of 

flow injection – capillary electrophoresis with capactively coupled contactless conductivity detection 

(C 4 D). 

Methods 

A flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FIA-CE) system with C 4 D was constructed. The FI 

and CE systems were coupled via a Tee ways splitter made from acrylic. All tubings used were made 

from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The constructed system allows both hydrodynamic and 

electrokinetic injections. For separation and electrokinetic injection, high voltage was applied across 

both ends of a fused silica capillary(100 µm i.d., 363 µm o.d.) using High Voltage Power Supply 

(SL15P30, Spellman). 

Results 

The FIA-CE system with C 4 D was successfully constructed. Three cations (K + , Li + , Ca 2+ ) were 

separated in order to test performance of the constructed system. Hydrodynamic sample introduction 

was used for introducing the cations into the system. Operational parameters such as injection time, 

internal diameter of the connected tubings and flow rate of the FI system were investigated. 

Separation of the cations could be achieved within 10 ppm using 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic 

acid and L-histidine as background electrolyte. Good precision in terms of relative standard deviation 

(R.S.D.) were less than 4% for migration time and peak area (n =10). 

Conclusion 

The FI-CE with C 4 D system was constructed. Performance test of the system was performed by 

separating K + , Li + , Ca 2+ . The method has been shown good precision or stability of the system. 

Keywords: flow injection analysis, capillary electrophoresis, hydrodynamic injection 


1. Kubáň, P.; Pirmohammadi, R.; Karlberg, B. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, 387, 55-62. 

2. Kubáň, P.; Karlberg, B. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, 648, 129-145. 

3. Kubáň, P.; Kubáň, P.; Kubáň, V. Electrophoresis, 2009, 24, 1935-1943. 

Thararat Moonta (ธรารัตน มูลตะ) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. Student, 

2009-present 


S1-P9 

Sequential Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of 

Aluminium(III) Using Quercetin 

Poachanee Norfun, Orn-anong Arquero and Saisunee Liawruangrath 




SIA has been introduced in 1990, as a new concept automatic sample analysis. It is simple, rapid, 

low sample and reagent consumption. Additionally, it is fully automated system to make it fast and 

efficient that is important to many routine tasks. In SIA, there is no need for special system 

reconfiguration of manifold to apply different chemicals into the systems, while all major parameters 

such as reagents and sample volumes, flow rate, order of mixing and reaction time can be optimized 

by computer-control. This work proposes the use of a SIA method for the spectrophotometric 

determination of aluminium(III), using quercetin as chromogenic reagent. The proposed method has 

been successfully applied to the determination of aluminium(III) in tap water samples. 

Methods 

The method was using quercetin as chromogenic reagent and Al(III)–quercetin complex was 

solubilized by CTAB. The yellow colored Al(III)–quercetin complex in micellar media was 

detected spectrophotometrically at 428 nm. 

Results 

Optimum conditions for determining Al (III) were optimized by studying the influences of the 

various parameters such as pH, concentration of reagents, aspiration volume of reagents, flow rate and 

holding time. The optimum conditions obtained by means of the univariate optimization procedure 

(changing one variable in every turn and keeping the others at their optimum values). Using the 

optimal experimental parameters, linear calibration graph over the ranges of 0.02-0.6 mg L -1 was 

established with a regression equation: y = 0.4828x + 0.0023 with the correlation coefficient of 

0.9996. The detection limit (3σ) was 0.013 mg L -1 while the quantification limit (10σ) was 0.044 mg 

L -1 Al (III) could be determined. 

Conclusion 

The proposed SIA system for aluminium(III) analysis respects to sensitivity, detection limit, 

simplicity, repeatability. The system is fully automated and is able to determine aluminium(III) 

concentration at a frequency of 40 samples/h with a relative standard deviation < 1.5 %. The 

calibration graph is linear between 0.02 and 0.6 mg L -1 of aluminium(III) with a detection limit of 

0.013 mg L -1 . The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of 

aluminium(III) in tap water samples. 

Keywords: aluminium(III), tap water, sequential injection analysis, quercetin 


1. Al-Kindy, S.M.Z.; Al-Ghamari, S.S.; Suliman, F.E.O. Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 2007, 68, 1174-1179. 

2. Al-kindy, S.M.Z.; Suliman, F.E.O.; Pillay, A.E. Instrum. Sci. Tech., 2006, 34, 619-633. 

Poachanee Norfun (พจนีย หนอฝน) Ph.D. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: metals analysis, flow analysis, and modified electrode

S1-P10 

Spectrophotometric Sequential Injection Analysis for Determination 

of Phenol in Water 

Thanakorn Pluangklang, a Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong b and Duangjai Nacapricha a 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumwit 23 Rd, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. 


Environmental concern about phenol pollution is resulting from its high toxicity to mammals, 

fish and other aquatic life. The official ASTM standard method for determination of phenol is based 

on Emerson reaction [1] that use oxidative coupling of phenol with 4-aminoantipyrine in an alkaline 

medium. The derivative compound is then extracted into chloroform before spectrophotometric 

analysis. However, the main disadvantages of this procedure are: the use of large amounts of 

chloroform, in which causing depletion of ozone layer and tedious operation procedure. Automated 

methods based on the colored derivative such as flow injection analysis coupled with gas diffusion 

unit was proposed. In addition, FIA system also brings an advantage of less waste generation 

compare to typical batch analysis. 

In this work, the second generation of flow-based technique, sequential injection analysis (SIA), 

is developed for measurement of phenol in natural water. The developed method is aimed to provide 

the automatic operation system without using organic solvent and reducing of reagents and sample 

consumption. 

Methods 

Firstly, preliminary batch analysis for phenol determination with Emerson reaction was tested 

concerning a formation of derivative product. The next step, spectrophotometric SIA system was 

designed and developed for optimization and application to real sample. 

Results 

For batch analysis, we found that reaction occurred instantaneously (within 60 s after mixing) 

and the generated product has the maximum absorption wavelength at 500 nm. The optimum 

parameters are reagent concentrations, which are ferricyanide and 4-aminoantipyrine, sequence of 

aspirating solutions and flow rate. Under optimal condition, calibration curve in the range of 0.5 – 2.5 

mgL -1 phenol was obtained. This developed system was able to apply for determination of phenol 

contaminated in natural water. 

Conclusion 

The proposed method offers clear advantageous analytical features in comparison to previously 

reported procedures for phenol determination in terms of automatic operation and sample loading. 

Moreover, this system avoids the use of organic solvents and reduces sample and reagent 

consumption and waste generation compared to batch method and other flow alternatives. 

Keywords: spectrophotometric, sequential injection analysis, phenol 


1. Rodenas-Torralba, E.; Morales-Rubio, A.; de la Guardia, M. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2005, 383, 138–144. 

2. Lacoste, R. J.; Venable, S. H.; Stone, J. C. Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 1246-1249. 

Thanakorn Pluangklang (ธนากร เปลื้องกลาง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1975 in Nakonratchasima, Thailand 

Nakonratchasima Rajabhat Institute, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Ed. 1999 



S1-P11 

Determination of Orthophosphate by Cross Injection Analysis 

Sasinan Janya, a,b Thitirat Mantim, a,b Nathawut Choengchan, a,d Duangjai Nacapricha, a,b 

Warawut Tiyapongpattana a,c and Kanchana Uraisin a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.), 

b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Mahidol University, Bangkok 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Prathum Thani 12121, 

Thialand. 

d Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. 


Phosphate is an essential nutrient for all living in the world and is a key factor in the 

eutrophication of surface water. Increased phosphate concentrations are linked with increasing rate of 

plant growth which can be harmful to environment, because it reduces the amount of free oxygen in 

water. Therefore, the method for analysis of phosphate content in natural and waste water is important 

for environmental monitoring. This work proposed to develop a new flow-based technique, so called 

“Cross Injection Analysis” or CIA for determination of orthophosphate in natural waters. 

Methods 

A CIA with molybdenum blue method was utilized for determination of orthophosphate. The 

method is based on the formation of molybdophosphoric acid and following reduction to molybdenum 

blue with stannous (II) chloride. The blue complex was monitored at 690 nm. The absorbance 

depends on the concentration of phosphate in water sample. The most important interference for 

orthophosphate analysis was silicate which could be reduced by controlling pH of the solutions and 

adding of tartaric acid. In this work, all reagents and sample were introduced into a CIA platform by 

using two peristaltic pumps for controlling the horizontal and vertical flow which was automatically 

manipulated by laboratory-made micro-controller incorporated with Visual Basic software. 

Results 

Several physical and chemical parameters affecting to the sensitivity were studied. Under the 

optimal conditions, the system provided working range of 0.5-5 mgP/L with good precision of 1.76 % 

(RSD = 1 mgP/L, n = 10). Quantitative recoveries ranging from 81 to 113% were obtained in water 

samples. By using tartaric acid as masking agent, the tolerance limit of silicate interference was found 

to be at 1,200 mgSi/L. The proposed method was applied to natural water samples with the 

satisfactory results and the results were in good agreement with standard method. 

Conclusion 

The developed CIA method for phosphate analysis in water sample is automatic and simple with 

less consumption of reagents and sample. The system provides high sample throughput of 25 

injections / hr. The CIA system can be used as an alternative method for analysis of phosphate in 

natural water with satisfactory results. 

Keywords: orthophosphate, cross injection analysis, molybdenum blue method 


1. Tiyapongpattana, W.; Pongsakul, P.; Shiowatana, J; Nachapricha, D. Talanta, 2004, 62, 765-771. 

2. Gimbert, J. L.; Haygarth, M. P.; Worsfold, J. P. Talanta, 2007, 71, 1624-1628. 

Sasinan Janya (ศศินันท จรรยา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1982 in Buriram, Thailand 

Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2005 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied analytical and inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 

2009-present

S1-P12 

Possibility Study of Continuous-Flow Sequential Extraction and 

Determination of Phosphorus in Soil 

Sirinart Preecha, a Duangjai Nacapricha a and Nongnuch Sungayuth b 



b Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, 199 LumSum, Saiyok Kanchanaburi 71150 , Thailand. 


Continuous-flow determination of phosphorus using spectrophotometric detection is useful to 

obtain more information of kinetic leaching of phosphorus and its association with other metals in 

soil. In this work, we try to optimize the continuous-flow system for quantitative analysis of standard 

solution phosphorus in three different soil-extractants: (1) 1.0 M NH 4 Cl, (2) 0.1 M NaOH and (3) 0.5 

M HCl. The standard calibration curves for the three extractants were obtained by the proposed 

system. 

Methods 

water 

Standard P 

T-way valve 

Tartaric acid 

Ammonium molybdate 

in 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 

Tin(II) chloride 

in 0.39 M H 2 SO 4 

1.6 

1.2 

0.6 

0.6 

mL/min 

coil length/i.d. (cm/mm) 

60/0.8 

60/0.8 

60/0.8 

Spectrophotometer 

(kinetic mode) 

waste 

Figure1 The continuous-flow system for determination of standard phosphorus solutions at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 

ppm using molybdenum blue method. 

Results 

The calibration curves for the three different of soil-extractants showed the linearity between the 

absorbance signals and their phosphorus concentrations in ranges 0.5-3.0 ppm of P using the 

continuous-flow system. 

Conclusion 

The continuous-flow system was useful for quantitative analysis of standard solution phosphorus 

in soil-extractants. However, in soil extracts, many interferences such as metals or metal complexes 

would be extracted, especially silicate. Therefore, the continuous-flow system should be investigated 

the interference effects before applying to the continuous-flow sequential extraction in soil later. 

Keywords: phosphorus, sequential extraction, spectrophotometric method 


1. Mirό, M.; Estela, J.; Cerdà, V. Talanta, 2003, 60, 867-882. 

2. Tiyapongpattana, W. Application of continuous flow technique for sequential extraction and for 

determination of phosphorus in soil and sediment, M.Sc. Thesis, Mahidol University, 2002, 95. 

Sirinart Preecha (ศิรินารถ ปรีชา) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009-present 


S1-P13 

Monolith-based Immobilized Enzyme Micro-reactor for 

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides 

Parawee Rattanakit, a,b Gillian M Greenway b and Saisunee Liawruangrath a* 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. 


Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) comprise a diverse group of chemicals that are extensively 

used as insecticides in modern agriculture. These compounds show low environmental persistence but 

have a high acute toxicity and the effect often leads to ecological and toxicological problems. For 

these reasons, there is a growing demand for sensitive and reliable pesticide monitoring in the 

environment. Here, we reported the development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric flow 

injection analysis for screening of OPs based on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which 

immobilized onto porous polymer monolith. 

Methods 

A micro-flow procedure for the determination of paraoxon as an example of organophosphorus 

pesticides based on inhibition of AChE immobilized on monolith materials was studied. The detection 

was carried out spectrophotometrically by means of enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide 

and reaction of the thiocholine from the enzymatic reaction with 5,5’-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) at 

410 nm. 

Results 

In this work, AChE was successfully immobilized on poly(GMA-co-EDMA)en inside 

a micro capillary column. Organophosphorus pesticide determination was studied based on 

AChE inhibition by flow injection system. The enzyme can be completely reactivated after inhibition 

with pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) and the immobilized enzyme can be used up to 40 

cycles. 

Conclusion 

The monolith based immobilized enzyme combine with flow injection analysis system 

has been shown to be a simple and reliable method for determination of OPs. The developed 

system can be used for an alternative green analytical chemistry. 

Keywords: enzyme immobilization, polymer monolith, organophosphorus pesticide, 

spectrophotometry, microreactor, flow injection analysis 


1. Ma, J.; Zhang, L.; Liang, Z.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Y. J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 30, 3050-3059. 

2. Bartolini, M.; Cavrini, V.; Andrisano, V. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1065, 135-144. 

Parawee Rattanakit (ภารวี รัตนกิจ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Songkla, Thailand 


Research field: flow injection analysis, pesticides analysis, and metal analysis

S1-P14 

Monolithic Materials for a Microfluidic System 

Visakha Chunhakorn, a Nitipon Puttaraksa, b,d Somsorn Singkarat, b,c Harry J. Whitlow d and 

Orapin Chienthavorna 



b Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang 

Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c 4Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

d Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35 (YFL), FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. 


Presently many microfluidic chips have been purpose-designed for bio- and biomedical 

separation. Monolithic materials have been developed and commercialised as chromatographic 

columns for separation of a broad range of compounds. The effective performance of monoliths for 

various types of the material led to an attempt in making a monolith on the chip. A combination of 

both is reported here as a monolithic channel in a PDMS microchip channel developed for the sample 

preconcentration step prior to the derivatisation and detection on the chip [1]. The aim of the work is 

to demonstrate the feasibility of separation of analytes on a microchip, imitating a commercial liquid 

chromatographic system. This type of microfluidic system will be particularly valuable in fieldmeasurement 

environments. 

Methods 

An organic-inorganic hybrid silica with octyl group monolith was fabricated in a microfluidic 

chip for microchannel liquid chromatography. The structure of hybrid monolith was optimized by 

changing the composition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TEOS) and 3- 

mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) in the mixture of precursors [2]. The monolithic 

microchannel formed was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force 

microscopy (AFM). The performance of microfluidic chip was evaluated by separating amines in the 

constructed microchannel connected to a laser induced fluorescence spectroscopic system. 

Results 

The fabricated structure in the microchannel was determined to be a monolith with an 

interconnected silica particle size of ca. 1 um by using SEM and AFM. A selected amine compound 

was separated in the monolithic channel on the microfluidic system. A high back pressure however 

caused by the microchannel was troublesome in improving the chromatographic peak of the model 

sample. Reducing the thickness of the chip gave a better result because the flow was more 

controllable. 

Conclusion 

A silica monolith was used in a PDMS microfluidics chip. Although the pressure along the 

microchannel is high, optimization by changing solvent system can improve chromatographic 

qualities. The configuration of the microchip needs to be developed to achieve a better performance. 

Keywords: monolith, microfluidic system, chromatography 


1. Puttaraksa, N.; Unai, S.; Rhodes, M. W.; Singkarat, K.; Whitlow, H. J.; Singkarat, S. Nuclear Instruments 

and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, in Press. 

2. Chen, M.-L.; Zheng, M.-M.; Feng, Y.-Q. J. Chromatogr. A, 2010, 1217, 3547-3556. 

Visakha Chunhakorn (วิสาขะ ชุนหกรณ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Samut Prakan, Thailand 


Research field: chromatography

S1-P15 

Rapid Fabrication of PMMA Chips Using Mini-CNC Machine 

Modified with Laser Diode 

Narabhat Rannurags and Saisunee Liawruangrath 




In recent years, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has been pioneered in analytical chemistry due 

to the requirement for rapidly analyzing samples in small volume of reagent and using automatic 

systems. The concept of LOC is developing the macro total analysis system into downsizing and 

integrating all chemical steps. There are many different techniques to fabricate a chip such as 

photolithography and wet etching, injection molding, and laser ablation. However, photolithography 

technique takes a long time to fabricate one chip and has to use a clean room with professional 

operation. Injection molding method is not easy to control the melt temperature of plastic substrates. 

Therefore, this work was developed a very simple and rapid laser technique for fabrication of A 

PMMA microfluidic chip using mini-CNC machine modified with laser diode and application into 

micro-flow analysis system. 

Methods 

The home-made mini-CNC system was fabricated. This machine is modified with 3w laser diode 

for fabrication of a PMMA chip with the maximum speed of 10 mm s -1 . The patterns of micro-channel 

is designed by commercial software and the configuration of micro-channel was sent into a sequence 

of command signals with Mach program to control the mini-CNC laser diode for direct writing on the 

PMMA sheet to produced a chip. A micro flow analysis system with the PMMA chip was applied into 

micro-flow analysis system for determination of some metals. 

Results 

The complete microchips were obtained with the T-channel and U-turns channel on 45 x 55 mm 2 

PMMA sheet with the length of 2, 10, and 20 cm of micro-channel according to design. SEM image 

displayed that the groove depth decreases with an increasing scanning speed. Moreover, the SEM 

images close up view were found that the width of the groove expand with climbing of laser energy. 

In addition, the micro-flow analysis system is tested with the reaction between Fe(III) and nitroso R 

salts resulting in green color and detected at 720 nm. It was found that Fe(III) provided the strong 

absorbance according to the concentration of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 µg mL -1 respectively. 

Conclusion 

The home-made mini-CNC modified with laser diode was successful fabrication. This laser 

diode machine was applied to engrave the small channels of PMMA chips for using in micro-flow 

analysis system. The methodology results have confirmed that the proposed technique represents the 

potential of creation PMMA microfluidic devices with simple and rapid procedure. 

Keywords: lab-on-a-chip, laser diode, micro-flow analysis system 


1. McCreedy, T., Trends Anal. Chem., 2000, 19, 396-401. 

2. Becker, H., Locasio, L.E., Talanta, 2002, 56, 267-287. 

Narabhat Rannurags (ณรภัทษ รัญนุรักษ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: metals analysis, flow analysis, and modified electrode

S1-P16 

Low Cost Lithography and Sputtering Process for Electrochemicalbased 

Microfluidic Device Fabrication 

Chanpen Karuwan, a,b Duangjai Nacapricha, a Anurat Wisitsoraat b and Adisorn Tuantranont b 

a Flow Innovative Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs.), Department of Chemistry and Center of 

Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400,Thailand. 

b Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Phahonyothin 

Rd,Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 


Microfluidic technology is a potential tool for chemical analysis due to its short time analysis and 

low sample and reagent consumption. As stated in some literatures, coupling between electrochemical 

detection with a microfluidic system provides high performance in chemical detection in terms of 

sensitivity and selectivity. Integration of electrochemical detection into a microfluidic system usually 

offers a low cost method. In this work, a simple fabrication method for integration of an 

amperometric electrochemical detection into a microfluidic chip was carried out and investigated for 

its performance. 

Methods 

Two main processes of fabrication were carried out utilizing SU-8 mold and microelectrode 

fabrication. The SU-8 mold of microchannel has been made using a standard photolithography 

processes including photoresist spinning, UV light exposure, and hard bake process. A liquid PDMS 

was then poured onto the mold. After polymerization, the PDMS microchannel piece was then peeled 

off from the mold. The three-electrode systems for amperometric detection were deposited onto a 

glass substrate using sputtering technique. The part of PDMS microchannel and the parts of the glass 

substrate were finally bonded using oxygen plasma treatment. 

Results 

Lithographic method was successfully utilized to make a mold for PDMS microchannel. In the 

process of sputtering electrode on the glass substrate, the chromium has been used to improve 

adhesion between the metal electrodes layer and glass surface. The power of oxygen plasma is very 

important for the surface bonding between PDMS and glass surface to obtain a proper sealing. The 

proposed conditions will be used to construct various designs of microfluidic platform for detection of 

electro active analyte. 

Conclusion 

A low-cost electrochemical-based microfluidic device was successfully fabricated using UV 

lithography process. A PDMS platform with patterned microchannel was made from a mold before 

closing the channels with a glass substrate previously sputtered with metal electrodes from a 

sputtering process. An oxygen-plasma condition was optimized suitable for bonding the PDMS 

platform onto the glass substrate with three electrodes positioning inside the microchannel. 

Keywords: lithography, sputtering, electrochemical, microfluidic device 


1. Virdi, G.S.; Chutani, R.K.; Rao, P.K.; Kumar, S. Sens. Acuators B, 2008, 128, 422-426. 

2. Wanna, Y.; Tuantranont A.; Wisitsoraat, A.; et al; J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 2006, 6, 3893-3896. 

Chanpen Karuwan (จันทรเพ็ญ ครุวรรณ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1981 in Trat, Thailand 



Research field: electrochemical sensor, lab-on-a-chip

S1-P17 

Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor Based on Immobilized 

Antibody on Electropolymerized Poly(o-phenylenediamine) 

Supamas Yodbutr, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c Warakorn Limbut, a,b,d Apon Numnuam, a,b,c 

Punnee Asawatreratanakul a,e and Panote Thavarungkul a,b,f 

a Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, 

Thailand. 




d Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

e Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

f Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) is a surface sensitive analytical method for chemical and 

biological detection based on the change of refractive index of the components on a metal surface. 

The preparation of biocompatible interface on the gold disk is very important for the construction of 

SPR biosensor. Carboxymethylated dextran and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiol 

compounds have been widely employed to form a layer on the gold disk for SPR biosensor. 

However, the formation of SAM on gold disk needs 12-24 hours. Electropolymerization of a 

nonconducting polymer which provides a thin film on a metal surface can overcome this problem. 

In this work, the electropolymerization of the nonconducting polymer (poly-o-phenelenediamine) 

on gold disk for the immobilization of antibody was investigated and applied in a flow injection 

surface plasmon resonance system. 

Methods 

Ortho-phenylenediamine was electropolymerized on the gold disk. Cyclic voltammetry was used 

to investigate the polymer film occurrence. Anti-human serum albumin (anti-HSA) was immobilzed 

on the prepared electrode. Finally, the activity of anti-HSA was tested using human serum albumin 

(HSA). 

Results 

The cyclic voltammograms showed that within a short time (10 min), a poly(o-phenylenediamine) 

layer was electrochemically fabricated on the gold disk. This can be confirmed with the decrease of 

the redox peak of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4- /[Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- after the electropolymerization. The increase of the SPR 

angle shift in the sensorgram after each step of immobilization implied that the layers were formed on 

the gold disk including anti-HSA. When injected HSA in the flow system, the SPR angle shift 

increased due to the binding of anti-HSA and HSA. The increased signals were directly proportional 

to the injected HSA concentration. 

Conclusion 

Poly(o-phenylenediamine) can be electrochemically fabricated and the modified gold disk can be 

employed as an alternative interface for biomolecule with a short preparation time. It can be applied 

for bioaffinity detection in a flow injection surface plasmon resonance system. 

Keywords: surface plasmon resonance, biosensor, poly-o-phenylenediamine, electropolymerization 


1. Wang, Q.; Tang, H.; Xie, Q.; Jia, X.; Zhang, Y.; Tan, L.; Yao, S. Colloids Surf. B., 2008, 63, 254-261. 

Supamas Yodbutr (ศุภมาศ ยอดบุตร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1974 in Phuket, Thailand 


Research field: analytical chemistry, and biosensor

S1-P18 

Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for Melioidosis Detection 

Supaporn Dawan, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c Wilaiwan Chotigeat, d Siroj Jitsurong e and 

Panote Thavarungkul a,b,f 


b Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 



d Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 


e Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand. 

f Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease that has become a serious public health problem. 

Current research is focused on developing a rapid test that can speed up the diagnosis time, as the 

conventional bacterial culture leads to delayed diagnosis and more serious outcomes. Since BipD is 

the protein that is highly specific to melioidosis antibody (Visutthi et al., 2008), in this work, we 

investigated a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor for the detection of the melioidosis 

antibody in serum by measuring the SPR response due to the affinity binding. 

Methods 

The sensing surface was immobilized with BipD via a 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid selfassembled 

monolayer. A flow system was applied for the analysis. Pooled positive and pooled 

negative sera were used to optimize the immunosensor system. The binding between the immobilized 

BipD protein and the melioidosis antibody in the serum samples could be observed by the shift of the 

SPR angle. 

Results 

Under optimum conditions the positive and negative pooled serum samples could be analyzed at a 

dilution of 1:6000. At a dilution factor of 6000, signal of the pooled negative serum (1.36 ± 0.05 m°) 

was well separated from the pooled positive serum (8.1 ± 0.2 m°). Therefore, the dilution factor of 

6000 was chosen for further analysis of individual serum samples. After each analysis the melioidosis 

antibody in the serum that bound to the immobilized BipD protein was removed by 25 mM NaOH, 

the regeneration solution. The system required only a short analysis time (20 min) and regeneration 

time (12 min). In addition, one immobilization of the sensing surface could be reused more than 30 

times. 

Conclusion 

The flow through SPR immunosensor system with immobilized BipD protein can detect 

melioidosis antibodies with short analysis time, required small serum samples and saving the cost of 

analysis. 

Keywords: melioidosis, immunosensor, BipD, SPR 


1. Visutthi, M.; Jitsurong, S.; Chotigeat, W. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2008, 39, 109-114. 

Supaporn Dawan (สุภาพร ดาวัลย) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: sensors, and trace analysis

S1-P19 

Detection of Total Bacteria using Surface Plasmon Resonance 

Affinity Biosensor 

Jongjit Jantra, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c 

Panote Thavarungkul a,b,f 

Punnee Asawatreratanakul, a,d Bo Mattiasson e and 


b Centerof Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, 

Thailand. 


d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

e Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 

f Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 


Contamination of bacteria in water is a major problem that causes human morbidity. 

Conventional method for bacteria detection requires a couple of days for the results. Therefore, a 

rapid, reliable and inexpensive method for bacteria detection is needed. This work investigated the use 

of affinity biosensor for total bacteria detection. Concanavalin A (Con A) was used as a 

biorecognition element that can bind to the cell wall of bacteria and the changes of refractive index 

was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). 

Methods 

Con A was immobilized on a gold disk via a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 11- 

mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA). The gold disk was placed in a flow cell and the SPR angle was 

determined when heat-killed E. coli bound to the immobilized Con A. The regeneration solution was 

used to dissociate the affinity binding of E. coli and immobilized Con A. Optimization of the SPR 

flow system was studied. Under the optimum conditions, linear range, limit of detection and 

reproducibility were investigated. 

Results 

The binding between E. coli and immobilized Con A caused an increase of the SPR angle. The 

optimum conditions of the SPR systems were obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of 

detection was 6.1 × 10 7 CFU ml -1 . The linear range was between 6.1 × 10 7 and 2.4 × 10 8 CFU ml -1 . 

Using the regeneration solution, the biosensor can be reused for 29 times with the residual activity to 

Con A 100 ± 3% (RSD = 3%). 

Conclusion 

Surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensor using Con A can be used to directly detect bacteria 

in real-time. The preparation of the modified gold disk is simple and the gold disk can be reused for 

several analysis. 

Keywords: bacteria, SPR, affinity biosensor 


1. So, L.L.; Goldstein, I.J. J. Biol. Chem., 1968, 243, 2003-2007. 

Jongjit Jantra (จงจิตร จันตรา) Ph.D. Student 

b 1980 in Chumphon, Thailand 



Research field: trace analysis, biosensor, and electrochemical-optical immunosensor

S1-P20 

Capacitive DNA Sensor Using Immobilized PNA 

Supannee Sankoh, a,b,c Orawan Thipmanee, a,b,c Saluma Samanman, a,b,c Warakorn Limbut, a,b,d Apon 

Numnuam, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c Tirayut Vilaivan e and Panote Thavarungkul a,b,f 

a Trace Analysis and Biosensors Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, SongKhla 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, SongKhla 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, SongKhla 90112, Thailand. 

d Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, SongKhla 90112, Thailand. 

e Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 

Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 

f Department of Physic, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, SongKhla 90112, Thailand. 


Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic that has the ability to form extremely stable 

complexes with the complementary DNA oligomers. This work reports the development of a flowinjection 

capacitive DNA sensor with immobilized lipoic acid modified PNA (Lip-PNA) probe for the 

direct detection of DNA using a capacitive system. 

Methods 

Lip-PNA was directly immobilized on cleaned gold electrode by chemical adsorption. The 

modification of the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The modified 

electrode was used as the working electrode (WE) in a flow injection system to detect the 

hybridization between DNA target and Lip-PNA probe by measuring the change in capacitance. 

Results 

The electrochemical characterization of the electrode surface studied using cyclic voltammetry 

confirmed that Lip-PNA probe was immobilized on the cleaned gold electrode. The affinity 

hybridization between DNA target and PNA probe causes the decrease of the measured capacitance. 

Under the optimum conditions, the linear dynamic range was 1.0 x 10 -11 to 1.0 x 10 -8 M with a 

detection limit of 1.0 x 10 -11 M. 

Conclusion 

The capacitive DNA sensor with Lip-PNA probe is suitable for the direct detection of affinity 

hybridization. 

Keywords: affinity biosensor, DNA sensor, PNA, capacitive biosensor 


1. Ananthanawat, C.; Vilaivan, T.; Hoven, V.P.; Su, X. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2010, 25, 1064-1069. 

2. Limbut, W.; Thavarungkul, P.; Kanatharana, P.; Wongkittisuksa, B.; Asawatreratanakul, P.; Limsakul, C. 

Electrochim. Acta, 2010, 55, 3268-3274. 

Supannee Sankoh (สุพรรณี สันเกาะ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Satun, Thailand 


Research field: sensors

S1-P21 

Capacitive Immunosensor Using para-Phenylenediamine 

Modified Electrode for HSA Detection 

Orawan Thipmanee, a,b,c Apon Numnuam, a,b,c Warakorn Limbut, a,b,d Proespichaya Kanatharan a,b,c and 

Panote Thavarungkul a,b,e 

a Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, 

Thailand. 

b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 

d Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 

e Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 


Capacitive immunosensors are based on the immobilization of antibody on the electrode surface 

and the detection of antigen through changes of capacitance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The 

most important step for the construction of the capacitive sensor is the immobilization of antibody on 

an insulating layer of the electrode surface. This layer is generally based on a self-assembled 

monolayer (SAM) of alkanethiol compounds. In this work, electropolymerization of para- 

Phenylenediamine (p-PD) on the electrode surface was investigated as an alternative for the 

immobilization of anti-Human serum albumin (anti-HSA) for the capacitive detection of HSA. 

Methods 

The capacitance change due to the binding between the immobilized anti-HSA and the HSA was 

detected using the potentiostatic step method. When the potential pulse is applied to the p-PD 

modified electrode (working electrode), the current will decay exponentially and the capacitance can 

be obtained from the current response. The modified electrode surface is then regenerated by the 

regeneration solution to break the non-covalent binding between anti-HSA and the HSA and the 

modified electrode could be reused. 

Results 

The affinity binding between HSA and anti-HSA on the poly-p-Phenylenediamine (PpPD) 

modified electrode increases the thickness of the layer and causes the decrease of the capacitance. 

Under optimum conditions, the linear range was 1.0 10 -15 to 1.0 10 -10 M with a detection limit of 

1.0 10 -15 M. This sensor was stable and could be reused up to 31 times with RSD lower than 3.0%. 

Conclusion 

The capacitive immunosensor based on modified pPD is suitable for the detection of the affinity 

binding with low detection limit and good reproducibility. 

Keywords: affinity biosensor, capacitive immunosensor, p-Phenylenediamine 


1. Teeparuksapun, K.; Kanatharana, P.; Limbut, W.; Thammakhet, C.; Asawatreratanakul, P.; Mattiasson, B.; 

Wongkittisuksa, B.; Limsakul, C.; Thavarungkul, P. Electroanal., 2009, 21, 1066-1074. 

2. Jonathan, D.; Pourmand, N. Electroanal., 2007, 19, 1239-1257. 

Orawan Thipmanee (อรวรรณ ทิพยมณี) Ph.D. Student 

b 1974 in Yala, Thailand 


Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2001 

Research field: biosensors

S1-P22 

Multilayer Modified Electrode for Label-free Impedimetric 

Immunosensing of Small Molecule 

Kochaporn Chullasat, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c Warakorn Limbut, a,b,d 

Apon Numnuam, a,b,c Punnee Asawatreratanakul a,e and Panote Thavarungkul a,b,f 





d Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

f Department of Physic, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Label-free impedimetric immunosensor is a technique that can directly measure the interaction 

between antigen and antigen without labeling. It is a highly sensitive and selective technique. However, for 

small molecules the change of a signal at the electrode/solution interface surface due to the immune 

interaction is normally quite small, leading to low sensitivity. One way to enhance the response is to raise 

the amount of antibody on the electrode to produce more binding. This could be achieved by immobilizing 

the antibody on the multilayer of self-assembled thiourea monolayer/ gold nanoparticles/ mercaptosuccinic 

acid. Chloramphenicol (MW = 321.13 g mol -1 ) was employed as a model of the small molecule analyte in 

this label-free impedimetric immunosensor. 

Methods 

The multilayer modified electrode with thiourea, gold nanoparticles and mercaptosuccinic acid, 

respectively (SATUM/AuNPs/MSA) was first prepared. Chloramphenicol antibody (anti-CAP) was then 

immobilized on the MSA. The immobilized anti-CAP on the SATUM/AuNPs/MSA modified electrode 

was tested in a flow injection impedimetric immunosensor by injecting different concentration of CAP. 

The CAP-anti-CAP interaction was monitoring via the change of the imaginary component of the 

impedance (Z) as a function of time at a single frequency. The immunosensor was then applied for real 

sample analysis of CAP from shrimp. 

Results 

Under optimum conditions, the immobilized antibody on SATUM/AuNPs/MSA layer provided a very 

low determination limit of 5.0 10 -17 M with a very wide linear range, 5.0 10 -17 – 1.0 10 -15 M. This 

modified electrode would be more than sufficient for quantitative analysis of amount of CAP in shrimp 

since the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) for analytical methods used for the determination 

of chloramphenicol set by European Communities is 0.3 g kg -1 (9.310 -10 M). This modified electrode 

can be reused up to 45 times with relative standard deviation lower than 4% and provide good 

reproducibility. 

Conclusion 

The multilayer SATUM/AuNPs/MSA modified electrode is well-suited for the detection at trace level. 

Small molecule can be detected at low concentration (5.0 10 -17 M) with high sensitivity. 

Keywords: small molecule, gold nanoparticles, impedimetric immunosensor. 


1. Loyprasert, S.; Thavarungkul, P.; Asawatreratanakul, P.; Wongkittisuksa, B.; Limsakul, C.; Kanatharana, P. 

Biosens. Bioelectron., 2008, 24, 78-86. 

2. Thavarungkul, P.; Dawan, S.; Kanatharana, P.; Asawatreratanakul, P. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2007, 23, 688-694. 

Kochaporn Chullasat (กชพร จุลสัตย) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: analytical chemistry, and biosensor

S1-P23 

Preparation of Magnetic Iron Oxide Particles by Co-precipitation 

Charinrat Siritham, a,b,c Chongdee Thammakhet, a,b,c Panote Thavarungkul a,b,d and 








Magnetic particles have attracted a great deal of research due to their unique size and 

superparamagnetic property. They can be easily separated from the matrix solution by simply placing 

an external magnetic field on the solution container. The aim of this work is to investigate the 

preparation of magnetic iron oxide particles by co-precipitation and characterize the magnetic iron 

oxide particles by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and later apply the synthesized particles in the 

sample preparation step. 

Methods 

FeCl 2·4H 2 O and FeCl 3·6H 2 O were used as the iron sources and sodium hydroxide was used as the 

precipitator under vigorous stirring. The coprecipitation process followed the equation 

Fe 2+ + 2Fe 3+ +8OH - 

Fe 3 O 4 + 4H 2 O 

The black colloidal of Fe 3 O 4 was collected using a magnet then dried in a vacuum atmosphere at 

60 °C. The iron oxide precipitates was milled at various rotation speeds. The size and morphology of 

Fe 3 O 4 particles were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). 

Results 

Iron oxide particles prepared from the co-precipitation process was obtained, unfortunately the 

particles tend to aggregate. The particles was milled by the ball mill, the highest rotation speed (600 

rpm) provide the smallest particles size of 0.25 – 1.25 µm. 

Conclusion 

The proposed method provides a simple method for the production of iron oxide particles. It is 

possible to apply for sample preparation. 

Keywords: magnetic iron oxide, co-precipitation 


1. Bonder, M. J.; Zang, Y.; Paraefthymiou, V.; Hadjipanayis, G.C. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2007, 311, 658-664. 

2. Kang, Y.S.; Risbud, S.; Rabolt, J.F.; Stroeve, P. J. Chem. Mater., 1996, 8, 2209-2211. 

Charinrat Siritham (ชรินรัตน ศิระรรม) M.Sc. Student 


Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Biological-Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: sample preparation, trace analysis, and electrochemistry

S1-P24 

Utilization of Metal Oxide Semiconductor as Sensor 

for Determination of Ethanol 

Amnat Ruangchaiwat, a Senee Kruanetr, b Titipan Thongtem, a Sukon Phanichphant a and 

Saisunee Liawruangrath a 



b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham 

University, Kantharawichai, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 


The metal oxides are used as gas sensors based on the variation in electrical conductivity of the 

material on exposure to gas as the main basic principle. Usually, the sensor can be made simply by 

coating a metal oxide layer on a substrate. The specially designed sensor head was coated with a thin 

film of certain sorbents (adsorbents or absorbents) for which gases/vapours of interests could be 

selectively by sorbed on it and detected electrochemically after de-sorption. Various metal oxides as 

nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO, TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CuO x and /or mixed oxides etc.,) were tested as sorbents. 

Methods 

The sensors were made useing metal oxides coated on glass substrate with drop-coated 

technique. The sensitivity of sensor was then tested with home-made device. This device consists of a 

carrier gas (air), an injection port, a packed column, a chamber with a sensor head, DC power supply, 

a temperature controller, a multimeter and a computer. The data of the response can be collected by a 

software program in the PC system. 

Results 

One L of each concentration of ethanol was injected into the sensor system. The resistance of 

the films at a potential difference of 6.5 V was determined when the films were exposed to 

atmospheres containing these vapours with various concentrations over the range of 300 – 1500 ppm, 

with a correlation coefficient (r 2 ) = 0.9852 (n = 3). 

Conclusion 

A binary mixture of metal oxide semiconductor sensor has been developed in which the 3 : 1 

ZnO : SnO 2 weight ratio of was used as the sensor head. It was successfully used to detect ethanol 

with reasonably high sensitivity. 

Keywords: ZnO, SnO 2 , semiconductor 


1. Saitzek, S.; Villain, S.; Nolibe, G.; Gavarri, J.R. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2007, 253, 7490–7496. 

2. Shen, W.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, C. Thin Solid Films, 2005, 484, 382–387. 

Amnat Ruangchaiwat (อํานาจ เรืองชัยวัตร) Ph.D. Staudent 




Research field: metals analysis, flow analysis, and semiconductor sensor

S1-P25 

Simple and Direct Determination of Ethanol in Gasohol by 

Raman Spectrometry 

Phoonthawee Saetear, a,b Sumonmarn Chan-Eam, a,b Jirayu Sitanurak, a,b Suchada Samrit, a 

Nuanlaor Rattanawimanwong, a,c Patcharin Chaisuwan a,c and Duangjai Nacapricha a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (First Labs). 


Bangkok, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand. 

* Tel.: +66 2201 5120, Fax: +66 2201 5127, e-mail: psaetear@gmail.com 


Gasohol is a mixture of based-gasoline and ethanol. Ethanol is added to based-gasoline as octane 

booster. Due to the volatilization property of gasoline and ethanol during storage at station, the level 

of ethanol must be closely monitored as part of the quality control. Thus, in this work a simple and 

direct method for direct determination of ethanol in gasohol will be developed. The work will be 

focused on use of Raman spectrometry. 

Methods 

In this method, a demonstration instrument of Raman Spectrometer (Model: RamanStation 400) 

belonging to Perkin Elmer (Thailand) equipped with 785-nm laser source was used. Gasohol sample 

was placed into a quartz cuvette (1-mm pathlengh) and the lid was used to prevent volatilization 

during analysis. The Raman shift at 884.70 cm -1 was selected to observe the change in Raman 

intensity relating to the concentration of ethanol. Eight gasohol samples were directly determined. The 

quantitative results between the developed method and gas chromatographic method were 

comparable. 

Results 

Under the operational condition, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0 %(v/v) 

to 100 %(v/v) ethanol standard in based-gasoline (y = 285.47x + 617.88, r 2 = 0.999). The Raman shift 

at 884.70 cm -1 was found suitable and clear from interference. The developed method provides a high 

accuracy and good precision (%RSD = 2.64 and 1.01 (n=5) for E10 and E20, respectively). The 

quantitative result obtained from Raman method agreed well with the results from gas 

chromatographic method (t stat = 3.49, t crit = 3.83). 

Conclusion 

It was found that Raman spectrometry is a suitable and convenient method for direct quantitative 

analysis of ethanol in gasohol. The selected Raman shift position gives a free-interference area for 

getting only the signal shift from ethanol. This method is simple, accurate and robust. Analysis of 

ethanol by Raman spectrometry is a recommended method for future development for miniaturization 

of the instrument for routine use as a portable device for quality control of the gasohol fuel. 

Keywords: ethanol, gasohol, Raman spectrometry 


1. Mendes, L. S.; Oliveira, F. C. C.; Suarez, P. A. Z.; Rubim, J. C. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2003, 493, 219-231. 

2. Qing, Y.; Qinfeng, X.; Yongai, Y.; Ronghui, Q.; Zujie, F. Opt. Commun. 2009, 282, 3785-3788. 

Acknowledgements: Research financial supports from the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and from the Center 

of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), given to DN are acknowledged. Collaborated 

technical supports from Bangkok High Lab Co., Ltd. and Perkin Elmer Co., Ltd. are gratefully accredited. 

Phoonthawee Saetear (พูนทวี แซเตีย) Ph.D. Student 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. (2 nd Honor) 2007 


Research field: sensor and meter for quality control, flow analysis

S1-P26 

Sensitivity Enhancement of Glucose Fluorescence Sensor Based on 

Alizarin-Boronic Acid Complex in Aqueous Micelle 

Kessarin Ngamdee, a Tuanjai Noipa, a 

Thawatchai Tuntulani b and Wittaya Ngeontae a 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,Thailand. 


Alizarin red S (ARS) is basically not a fluorescence active compound. However, the fluorescence 

emission can be observed when complexation with 2-formylphenyl boronic acid (2-FPBA). In 

addition, the fluorescence intensity of ARS/2-FPBA complex is decreased upon the addition of 

glucose. Incorporation of the fluorophore into the micelle sphere can improve the quantum efficiency 

and solubility of the hydrophobic compounds in the aqueous media. According to this principle, a 

glucose fluorescence sensor is designed and improved the detection sensitivity by assistant of 

surfactant. 

Methods 

The sensitivity of glucose fluorescence sensor is improved by incorporation of ARS/2-FPBA 

complex into the hydrophobic core of micelle. Various parameters can affect the fluorescence 

quenching ability are investigated, including solution pH, concentration of 2-FPBA, type of 

surfactants and concentrations of surfactant. 

Results 

The optimum parameters for the determination of D-glucose by this method are 50 mM phosphate 

buffer pH 7.0 containing 2 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The presence of micelle 

can enhance the fluorescence intensity of ARS/2-FPBA complex by 13 times higher than those in the 

buffer solution. Moreover, the linear working concentration range is found to be 0-80 mM and the 

calibration sensitivity is remarkably 14 times higher than the system contained only buffer solution. 

Conclusion 

The sensitivity of the proposed glucose fluorescence sensor in the presence of CTAB is 

significantly higher than the system contained only buffer solution. Thus, we can fabricate the 

sensitive glucose assay by very simple approach and without the need of modification a routine 

instrument. 

Keywords: alizarin red S, boronic acid, glucose, micelle, fluorescence sensor 


1. Musto, C. J.; Suslick, K. S. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2010, 14, 758-766. 

2. Wang, Q.; Li, G.; Xiao, W.; Qi, H.; Li, G. Sens. Actuat-B, 2006, 119, 695-700. 

3. Springteen, G.; Wang, B. Chem. Commun., 2001, 1068-1069. 

Kessarin Ngamdee (เกษรินทร งามดี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakhonphanom, Thailand 


Research field: fluorescence sensor

S1-P27 

Development of Oxygen Biosensor Based on Entrapping of Laccase on 

the Nanocomposite Film of Carbon Nanotubes-Chitosan 

Yuwakorn Sensri, a Sanoe Chairam, a Duangjai Nacapricha b and Maliwan Amatatongchai a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubonratchathani 

University, Ubonratchathani, 34190, Thailand. 


Rama 6 Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. 


The carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNT-CS) composite provides a suitable biosensing matrix due to 

its high stability, good conductivity, and good biocompatibility. Development of a sensitive and 

selective biosensor was proposed by entrapping laccase enzyme into the composite film for oxygen 

reduction. 

Methods 

The nano-composite of CNT-CS was cast on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface. Laccase 

was immobilized on the composite of CNT-CS and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was then cast on the 

nanostructure film to form an oxygen sensor. The electro-enzymatic reduction of O 2 to water was 

studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) at the developed biosensor. The CV conducted in a 0.1 M 

citrate buffer (pH 5.0) in the present and absent of O 2 . The biosensor was used as working electrode, 

Ag/AgCl and Pt wire were used as reference and counter electrodes. 

Results 

Oxygen reduction waves were observed at -0.35 

V. Oxygen concentration dependent study exhibited 

that the reduction currents varied linearly with the 

concentration of oxygen (r 2 = 0.996), when applying 

the flow rate from 20 to 80 mL/min. 

Conclusion 

The developed biosensor that uses the carbon nanotubes-chitosan (CNT-CS) and bovine serum 

albumin (BSA) composite is promising in term of good sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, this 

biosensor has good potential for apply as a biocathode in biofuel cell due to its high stability. 

Keywords: laccase, biosensor, carbon nanotubes, chtiosan, oxygen reduction 


1. Liu, Y.; Qu, X.; Guo, H.; Chen, H.; Liu, B.; Dong, S. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2006, 21, 2195-2201. 

2. Zheng, W.; Zhou, H.M.; Zheng, Y.F.; Wang, N. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2008, 457, 381-385. 

3. Stolarczyk, K.; Nazaruk, E.; Rogalski, J.; Bilewicz, R. Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 53, 3983-3990. 

Yuwakorn Sensri (ยุวากร เสนศรี) M.Sc. Student 


Ubonratchathani University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: analytical 

Fig 1. CV for the biosensor in the absent (dotted line) and 

present of oxygen (solid line) flow rate of 20, 40 and 80 

mL/min.

S1-P28 

Electrochemical Analysis of Enrofloxacin Using Boron-doped 

Diamond Electrode Applied to Homemade Flow Through Cell 

Phyroajne Janhom, a,b Saisunee Liawruangrath, a,b Arunee Kongsakphaisal c and Orawan Chailapakul d 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd. 

Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 



Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic sold by the Bayer Corporation under the trade name 

Baytril. Enrofloxacin is currently FDA-approved for treatment of individual pets and domestic 

animals in the Thailand. There have been several analytical methods for the determination of 

enrofloxacin and its metabolites in biological fluids, based on HPLC with UV detection [1] and the 

electrochemical analysis of Enrofloxacin has been studied using glassy carbon electrode and borondoped 

diamond electrode exhibit high stability [2]. 

Methods 

All the electrochemical measurements were carried out with a PGSTAT20 electrochemical 

analyzer (Eco Chem, Switzerland) which was equipped with a three-electrode system and a 

homemade electrochemical flow through cell. The working electrode was a boron-doped diamond 

electrode (Φ=3 mm). A Ag/AgCl (KCl 3 M, BAS) reference electrode and 316L stainless steel 

auxiliary electrode were used. Before each measurement, the boron-doped diamond electrode 

electrode surface was polished with alumina (Ф=0.01 μm) on a damp smooth polishing cloth by 

making slurry. The mobile phase were used phosphate buffer (pH 9 and 0.1 M), with an accuracy of 

±0.05 pH. For analytical applications, the following parameters were employed: Amperometric mode; 

1.30 Vand CV; the investigated potential range (0.80 to 1.65 V), scan rate 50 mV/s. 

Results 

The amperometric response of enrofloxacin for a boron-doped diamond electrode for 45 

injections of 100 ppm enrofloxacin gives reproducible peaks, with a peak variability of 13% (n=45) 

suggesting little adsorption of oxidation products on the electrode surface. Reproducible peaks were 

obtained at boron-doped diamond electrode for concentrations as low as 1 ppm. 

Conclusion 

This is the first use of boron-doped diamond electrode electrodes for the electroanalysis of 

enrofloxacin. It was found that boron-doped diamond electrodes exhibited excellent performance for 

the oxidative detection of enrofloxacin. Well-defined voltammograms were obtained at the borondoped 

diamond electrode, which exhibited high sensitivity, and demonstrated significant advantages 

over the GC electrode, because of its superior electrochemical properties. 

Keywords: enrofloxacin, boron-doped diamond electrode, electrochemical analysis 


1. Idowu O.; Peggins, O., J. Pharmaceut. Biomed., 2004, 35, 143-153. 

2. Guinea E.; Brillas E.; Centellas F., Water Res., 2009, 43, 2131-2138 

Phyroajne Janhom (ไพโรจน จันทรหอม) Ph.D. Student 


Rajabhat Institute Chiang Mai, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Ed. 1994 

King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2005 

Research field: electrochemical analysis, drug analysis and materials science

S1-P29 

Bismuth Film Modified Electrode for Tetracycline Detection 

Jaruwan Saelor, a,b,c Proespichaya Kanatharana, a,b,c 

Panote Thavarungkul a,b,d and Warakorn Limbut a,b,e 






e Department of Applied Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic often used as feed additives to promote growth in 

animal. The use of tetracycline may result in the presence of residue in animal tissue as well as animal 

product and can cause allergic reactions in some hypersensitive individuals in human. Therefore, a 

sensitive and easy method for the determination of tetracycline is required. Amperometric method 

with modified electrode is interesting because it can enhance sensitivity and provides short analysis 

time. The purpose of this work is to prepare a bismuth film modified electrode to improve the 

sensitivity of tetracycline detection. 

Methods 

Bismuth film was prepared on copper electrode by electrodeposition technique. The reduction 

potential of tetracycline on the modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Detection of 

tetracycline was carried out by an amperometric flow injection system. The analytical performances 

were investigated. 

Results 

From the cyclic voltammogram the reduction potential of tetracycline was observed at -1.3 V. 

Flow injection amperometric system provided short analysis time. The linear range of tetracycline 

was found to be from 0.01 mM to 6.0 mM with the limit of detection and limit of quantitation at 0.1 

mM and 0.34 mM, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The easy to prepare and low cost modified bismuth thin film on copper electrode can be used for 

the detection of tetracycline. 

Keywords: bismuth modified electrode, amperometric detection, tetracycline 


1. Wang, J.; Lu, J. Electrochem. Commun., 2000, 2, 390-393. 

2. Legeai, S.; Bois, S.; Vittori, O. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2006, 591, 93-98. 

Jaruwan Saelor (จารุวรรณ แซลอ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Songkhla, Thailand 


Research field: trace analysis, electrochemistry, and chemical sensor

S1-P30 

A Membraneless Unit for Measuring Calcium Carbonate with pH- 

ISFET Detection via Vaporization of CO 2 

Panwadee Wattanasin, a,b Yossawat Rayanasukha, c,d Win Bunjongpru, c,d Benchapol Tunhoo, c,d Supanit 

Porntheeraphat, c,d Nuchutha Thamsumet, a,b Piyawan Phansi, a,b Kanchana Uraisin a,b and Duangjai 

Nacapricha a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories(First-labs) 

b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 


C College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang, 

Bangkok 10520 Thailand. 

d Thai Microelectronics Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology 

Development Agency, 51/4, Suwintawong Rd., Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand. 


The content of calcium carbonate plays an important role in cement production and in the 

property of mixed cement. Thus, there is a need to closely monitor calcium carbonate (CaCO 3(s) ) 

contents during production as part of the quality control protocol. 

This work presents a set of a portable unit and a device for direct measurement of calcium 

carbonate in solid sample. The aim of this work is to utilize the concept of membraneless vaporization 

(MBL-VP) reported in a previous report [1,2] to develop a new method for direct measurement of 

CaCO 3(s) in cement. Herein, the early stage of this development is reported. 

Methods 

Unlike the previous works in flow analysis[1,2], a new MBL-VP unit was constructed to use as a 

stand alone unit with no connection of tubing. Inside the MBL-VP unit, generation of CO 2(g) was 

made by acidifying CaCO 3(s) . The volatile CO 2(g) partially dissolves in water acceptor. The amount of 

liberated CO 2(g) corresponds to the pH change in the acceptor. A calibration graph can be plotted 

between the pH and the amount of CaCO 3(s) . In this work, a separate device, based on ion-sensitive 

field effect transistor (ISFET) was developed using the facility of microelectronics for pH sensing. 

The pH-ISFET was then utilized as sensor for measuring the pH in the liquid acceptor. 

Results 

Investigation of the performance of pH-ISFET, demonstrated that the sensor gave a Nernstian 

slope in the pH sensing. The calibration plotted between the mV of the sensor and the amount of 

CaCO 3(s) was linear with r 2 of 0.99. indicating that it is possible to use method 

Conclusion 

The utilization of the membraneless unit with vaporization of CO 2 via acidification of CaCO 3(s) 

from solid showed a promising result indicating that this method is a possible candidate method for 

measuring CaCO 3 content in cements. Future work will be carried out to investigate that this method 

is suitable for complex samples like cement, including potential interferences. 

Keywords: membraneless vaporization, pH-ISFET, calcium carbonate 


1. Sereenonchai K.; Saetear P.; Amornthammarong N.; Uraisin K.; Wilairat P.; Motomizu S.; Nacapricha D.; 

Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 597, 157-162. 

2. Teerasong S.; Chan-Eam S.; Sereenonchai K.; Amornthammarong N.; Nacapricha D.; Anal. Chim. Acta, 

2010, 668, 47-53. 

Panwadee Wattanasin ( พันธุวดี วัฒนสิน) Ph.D. Student 



Research field: sensor and flow analysis

S1-P31 

Cadmium Ionophore Based Tripodal Aniline Calix[4]arene 

Derivatives for Fabrication of Polymeric Membrane Cd-ISE 

Utisawadee Khamjumphol, a Chomchai Suksai, d Wanwisa Janrungroatsakul, e Thawatchai Tuntulani e and 

Wittaya Ngeontae a,b,c 


Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 

b Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 

c National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, 

Thailand 

d Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 

20131, Thailand 

e Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 


Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) are interested for monitoring and determination of many ions. An 

extensive effort has been made in the synthesis of ionophores with high selectivity for metal ions 

recognition. Calixarenes are interested to be a building block of many commercial ionophores. Due to 

calixarenes possess high lipophilicity and its three dimensional geometry. In this work, calix[4]renes 

containing tripodal aniline moieties are synthesized and used as the ionophore for fabrication of polymeric 

membrane cadmium selective electrode. The electrode characterization and comparison between the 

ionophores have been reported. 

Methods 

Cd-ISE membranes are prepared by incorporating tripodal aniline calix[4]arene derivatives as the 

ionophore and using KTpClPB or NaTFPB as the ion exchanger into the PVC membranes plasticized with 

DOS or o-NPOE. All of the composition is dissolved in THF. The cocktail solution is then poured into a 

glass ring fixed on a glass plate. The solvent is allowed to evaporate overnight at room temperature to give a 

transparent membrane (thickness 0.2 mm). The membrane electrodes are conditioned for 24 h in 0.01 M 

Cd(NO 3 ) 2 solution. All emf measurements are carried out with the following assembly: Ag, AgCl/3M KCl//1 

M LiOAc/test solution/membrane/IFS/AgCl, Ag. 

Results 

The best response characteristic is observed from the membrane compose of 10.2 mmolkg -1 5, 11, 17, 

23-tetra-p-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(ethyl-2-(bis(2-pyridyl methyl)amino methyl) aniline)-26,28-dihydroxy 

calix[4]arene, 50.1 mol% KTpClPB, 65.5 wt.% DOS and 32.7 wt.% PVC. This membrane electrode exhibits 

near Nernstian’s slope of 29.4 ± 0.6 mV/decade in the linear concentration range of 1.010 -6 - 1.010 -2 M 

with limit of detection 1.610 -6 M. The selectivity coefficients are determined by fixed interference method. 

The logarithmic selectivity coefficients ( ) are lower -1.03 for alkali-alkali earth ions and lower 1.20 

for transition metal ions. The pH working range, reversibility and lifetime of the membrane electrode are 

investigated. The electrode can be used in the pH range of 6.0-9.0. This electrode show good reversibility and 

can be used for 9 days. 

Conclusion 

A poly(vinyl chloride)-based membranes containing 5, 11, 17, 23-tetra-p-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(ethyl-2- 

(bis(2-pyridyl methyl)aminomethyl)aniline)-26,28-dihydroxy calix[4]arene is suitable ionophore among 

three investigated derivatives. The membrane incorporates this ionophore show good selectivity coefficient 

towards other metal ions. This electrode membrane can be used for determination of Cd 2+ in wide working 

pH range and the lifetime of this membrane is only 9 days after first condition. 

Keywords: cadmium, PVC membrane, ion-selective electrode 


1. Ensafi, A. A.; Meghdadi, S.; Sedighi, S. Desalination, 2009, 242, 336-345. 

2. Rezaei, B.; Meghdadi, S.; Zarandi, R. F. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 153, 179-186. 

3. Gupta, V. K.; Singh, A. K.; Gupta, B. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 583, 340-348. 

Uisawadee Khamjumphol (อุทศาวดี คําจุมพล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nong Khai, Thailand 


Research field: ion selective electrode

S1-P32 

Optimization of the Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Waveform for 

-Lactam Analysis 

Suthasinee Boonchiangma, Supalax Srijaranai and Wittaya Ngeontae 


Mittraphap Rd, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


The use of amperometric detector offers great selectivity and sensitivity for direct detection of 

oxidizable and reducible analytes. Moreover, only the proper waveform gives the signal of analytes 

and reduces the signal of noise. IPAD has been shown to be effective for the detection of sulfurcontaining 

compounds namely -lactam which detected via an oxide-catalyzed mechanism. The goal 

of this study is to optimize waveform for the -lactam analysis. 

Methods 

-lactam compounds include ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin and cloxacillin were analyzed by 

high performance liquid chromatography equipped with integrated pulsed amperometric detection 

(HPLC-IPAD). The electrochemical detector equipped with Au working electrode, Ag/AgCl reference 

electrodes and platinum counter electrode was used for waveform studying. Parameters effect to the 

waveform were studied; integrated range, time and voltage in integrated range, time and voltage in 

cleaning range, positive and negative voltage. 

Results 

The analytes were separated out using the mobile phase of methanol and 10 mM phosphate buffer 

pH 6.6 (51:49 v/v) on a Waters symmetry C18 (3.9×150 mm ID) column at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. 

The optimum potential and time setting (waveform) for oxidation and reduction of penicillins had 6 

steps of potential include E1 = 0.2 V (t = 0-0.2 s), E2 = -0.2 V (t = 0.24-0.28 s), E3 = -0.8 V (t = 0.32- 

0.36 s), E4 = -0.2 V (t = 0.40-0.45 s), E5 = +1.5 V (t = 0.46-0.50 s) and E6 = -0.3 V (t = 0.52-0.6 s). 

The integration range was in the range of potential E2 to E4 at 0.200.45 s. Under the six step 

waveform, it gave the correlation coefficients better than 0.99 and the detection limits for four 

penicillins were 0.2 µg/mL. 

Conclusion 

The IPAD waveform at a gold working electrode was optimized for the analysis of four 

penicillins. Under the optimum condition, the studied penicillins were separated within 7 min. The 

order of elution was ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin and cloxacillin. 

Keywords: -lactam, penicillins, waveform, integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD) 


1. Cai, Y.; Cai, Y.; Shi, Y.; Mou, S.; Lu, Y. J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1118, 35-40. 

2. Cataldi, T.; Nardiello, D. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1066, 133-142. 

Suthasinee Boonchiangma (สุธาสินี บุญเชียงมา) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Udonthani, Thailand 



Research field: insecticides and antibiotics

S1-P33 

Determination of Vitamin B 12 by Voltammetry 

Piyaporn Mangsangkam, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 


University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand. 


Vitamin B 12 , also called cobalamin, it contains the biochemically rare element cobalt in the 

structure. In this research, vitamin B 12 will be determined by voltammetry based on the measurement 

the diffusion current of Co (II) - dimethylglyoxime complex at hanging mercury drop electrode in 

voltametric cell. 

Methods 

In this work, the method for determination of vitamin B 12 using voltammetry had been done by 

measurement of the diffusion current of Co (II) - dimethylglyoxime complex at working electrode, a 

voltammetric cell consisted of three electrode, silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) was used as reference 

electrode, a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was used as working electrode and a platinum 

wire was used as auxiliary electrode. A differential pulse mode was applied at working electrode for 

electrolysis of Co (II) - dimethylglyoxime complex in voltammetric cell. 0.8 M ammonium chloride 

solution was used as the supporting electrolyte. The diffusion current of Co (II) - dimethylglyoxime 

complex was scanned while applying the potential at working electrode in the range from -800 to - 

1300 mV with a scan rate of 15 mVs −1 . The optimization of the experimental conditions such as 

applying potential, pH, types of supporting electrolytes (NH 4 Cl, KCl, and CH 3 COONa), scan rates 

and the linearity range for quantitation analysis will be investigated. 

Results 

The highest diffusion current of Co (II) – dimethylglyoxime complex scanning the potential of 

working electrode in the range of -800 to -1300 mV with a scan rate of 15 mVs −1 was appeared at - 

1022 mV. The linearity for calibration curves were obtained from 1-400 ppb with the linear regression 

equation y = 0.605x + 5.179, R 2 = 0.998 and the relative standard deviation of 11 replicate 

measurements of 1 ppb, 100 ppb and 400 ppb of Co (II) was 15.71%, 0.99% and 1.55%, respectively. 

Conclusions 

In summary, a voltammogram of Co (II) was appeared at the potential of -1022 mV. The suitable 

pH for Co (II) - dimethylglyoxime complex were found to be pH 9. An ammonium chloride was used 

as supporting electrolytes. The proposed method can be applied for determination of vitamin B 12 in 

food samples. 

Keywords: vitamin B 12 , cobalt, dimethylglyoxime, voltammetry 


1. Yang, N.; Wan, Q.; Wang, X. Electrochemistry 2005, 50, 2175-2180. 

2. Silvia, R.; Hernandez, G.; Hector C. Talanta, 2003, 61, 743–753. 

Piyaporn Mangsangkam (ปยพร มังสังคํา) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P34 

Flow Injection Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for 

Determination of Cadmium and Lead 

Wanita Powsakul, a Manuel Miro b and Jaroon Jakmunee a 

a Department of Chemistry, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai 

University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 

E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain. 


Cadmium and lead are found naturally in small quantities in air, water and soil. They are well 

known metals seriously affecting on health. Anodic stripping voltammetry has been widely used 

recently due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and capability of multi element determination. 

But batch voltammetry is tedious, consumes more time and usually involves toxic mercury electrode. 

In this work, we developed a flow voltammetric system using bismuth film electrode for 

determination of cadmium and lead. This environmentally friendly electrode should be conveniently 

used in flow system, thus improving analytical performance of metal analysis by voltammetry. 

Methods 

Flow injection - anodic stripping voltammetric method has been developed for determination of 

cadmium and lead. Bismuth film coated on glassy carbon working electrode was employed for in-situ 

preconcentration of metals, thus avoiding the use of toxic mercury electrode. Standard or sample 

solution was mixed on-line with acetate buffer before entering a voltammetric cell. Then, the 

deposition of the metals was carried out by applying a constant potential of -1.50 V versus Ag/AgCl 

to the working electrode. Next, a square wave waveform was scanned from -1.50 to 0.40 V and a 

voltammogram was recorded. 

Results 

Under the optimal condition, the linear ranges were 10 – 70 µg L -1 for both cadmium and lead. 

Relative standard deviations were 2.4 and 1.5% for 7 replicate analyses of 60 µg L -1 Cd(II) and Pb(II). 

A sample throughput was 13 h -1 . 

Conclusion 

The proposed method provided high sensitivity and convenient operation for the determination of 

cadmium and lead at trace level. Application for analysis of ground and surface water was 

demonstrated. 

Keywords: flow injection, anodic stripping voltammetry, bismuth film, trace metals 


1. Economou, A. Trends Anal. Chem., 2005, 24, 334-340. 

2. Siriangkhawut, W.; Pencharee, S.; Grudpan, K.; Jakmunee, J. Talanta, 2009, 79, 1118-1124. 

Wanita Powsakul (วนิตา ปาวสกุล) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P35 

Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Method for 

Determination of Some Inorganic Arsenic Species 

Suthisa Ngoenruangrote and Jaroon Jakmunee 

Department of Chemistry, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 



Arsenic contamination in the environment is a global problem, due to its high toxicity to living 

organisms and its worldwide distribution. Arsenic contamination in water generally comes from 

natural sources, through the erosion of rocks, minerals, and soils. Cathodic stripping voltammetry 

(CSV) with a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) is a promising technique for determination of 

arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)) at sub-μg L -1 level. In this work, a simple square wave cathodic 

stripping voltammetric procedure was developed for the determination of As(III) and As(V) under the 

same experimental condition, using 1 M HCl with 10 mgL -1 Cu(II) as a medium. 

Methods 

Cathodic stripping voltammetry has been developed for determination of As(III) and As(V). A 

hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) working electrode, a Pt auxiliary electrode and a 

Ag/AgCl/3M KCl double junction reference electrode were used. Standard or sample solution was 

placed into a voltammetric cell and conc. HCl was added to obtain 1 M HCl in solution. Cu(II) 

solution was added to obtain 10 mg L -1 Cu(II) final concentration. In the case of As(V) determination, 

thiosulfate solution was added into the vessel to yield the final concentration of 80 mg L -1 thiosulfate. 

Next, a square wave waveform was scanned from -1.50 to 0.40 V and a voltammogram was recorded. 

Results 

Under the optimum condition, the linear calibration ranges were 0.3-50 µg L -1 . Relative standard 

deviations were 3.6% for 11 replicate analyses of both the 5 µg L -1 As(III) and As(V). 

Conclusion 

The proposed method was sensitive, simple and convenient using the same voltammetric 

conditions and chemical parameters for CSV determination of both As(III) and As(V). The method 

was applied for determination of the inorganic arsenic species in water. 

Keywords: cathodic stripping voltammetry, CSV, square wave, arsenic 


1. Junsomboon, J.; Sooksamiti, P.; Grudpan, K.; Lapanantnoppakhun, S.; Thavornyuthikarn, P.; Jakmunee, J. 

Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2009, 36, 369. 

2. Mays, E.; Hussam, A. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 646, 6. 

Suthisa Ngoenruangrote (สุทิศา เงินเรืองโรจน) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P36 

Study of Trehalose Immobilization on Si Surface 

Patiya Pasakon a and Supavadee Kiatisevi b 





Analytical methods for detection of metal in nature and real samples are generally atomic 

absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and 

neutron activation analysis (NAA) which are complicated due to preconcentration before analyzing. 

To reduce this drawback, metal ion sensing electrodes were fabricated in this work. Self-assembled 

monolayer (SAM) technique has been used for fabrication of trehalose-based substrates which are 

reactive to metal ions. Trehalose was chosen to be immobilized on surfaces due to its good divalent 

metal recognition. The pretreatment of samples can be avoided if the electrode surface prepared is 

specific to metal ions. 

Methods 

Organic monolayers on silicon surfaces were first prepared by self assembly technique using 11- 

acetoxyundecyl-1-trichlorosilane. The acetoxy terminal groups of monolayers were transformed to 

trichlorosilyl groups that can subsequently react with hydroxyl groups of trehalose sugar. 

Results 

Physical properties of all monolayers obtained have basically been analyzed by Fourier-transform 

infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurement. 

Conclusion 

Trehalose could be immobilized on silicon surfaces via a reaction with trichlorosilyl terminated 

monolayers. Currently, the binding of copper (II) ions to the hydroxyl groups of trehalose has been 

studied by cyclic voltammetry measurement. 

Keywords: trehalose, self assemble monolayer, trichlorosilyl terminated monolayers 


1. Higashiyama, T. Pure Appl. Chem., 2002, 7, 1263-1269. 

2. Alekseev, Y.; Garnovskii, Y; Zhdanov, Y. Russ. Chem. Rev., 1998, 53, 649-669. 

3. Singhal, N.; Ramanujam, B.; Mariappanadar, V.; Rao, C. Org. Lett., 2006, 8, 3525-3528. 

Patiya Pasakon (ภาติยา ภาสกนธ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Materials Science and Engineering Programme, M.Sc. 2010 


S1-P37 

XANES Investigations of the Final Product of Ni(II) Chelate with 

Nitrogen Dioxide 

Apichai Thongtomroungrat, a Pongsak Lowmunkhong, a Somyote Sutthivaiyakit, b Jiraroj T-Thienprasert c 

and Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit a 



b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 


c Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Nitrogen dioxide is recognized as one of the primary pollutants. Long term NO 2 exposure may 

decrease lung function and increase the risk of respiratory system. Thus, monitoring of NO 2 using a 

low cost device is attractive. Consequently, interaction of NO 2 with indicating materials is important 

to the design of the detector tube for NO 2 measurement. The objective of the present work is to study 

the local structure of Ni atom in the final product of Ni with nitrogen dioxide using x-ray absorption 

near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). 

Method 

The Ni K-edge x-ray absorption spectra were measured at beamline 8 (BL-8) of Synchrotron 

Light Research Institute (SLRI), Thailand. All spectra were recorded in transmission modes using 

ionization chamber detector. A Ge(220)double crystal monochromator was used to scan the 

synchrotron x-ray energy with the energy step of 0.3 eV in the range of -30-100 eV. To obtain the 

XANES spectra, the following procedures were performed: (1) background subtraction in pre-edge 

and post-edge regions, and (2) normalizing the obtained spectra. Using IFEFFIT package can perform 

these procedures. In order to investigate the local structure of Ni in our samples, six standards were 

also collected, i.e. Ni foil, NiO, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, NiSO 4 .6H 2 O, NiDMG, Ni(NTAN) 2 . 

Results 

Compared to XANES spectra of other nickel(II) compounds , there is no shift in the energy of 

the absorption edge. This suggests that the oxidation state of Ni did not change. Compared to 

XANES spectra of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O, it indicates that Ni(II) complex reacts with NO 2 giving eventually 

Ni(NO 3 ) 2 as one of the products. This was also confirmed by the presence of the FT-IR band at 1617, 

and 1656 cm –1 . 

Conclusion 

XANES spectrum of the Ni final product clearly shows the presence of Ni in an octahedron 

possibly composed of six water molecules (H 2 O) around Ni or four water molecules combining with 

two nitrates (NO 3 ) around Ni. To investigate the local structure of Ni in our product, first principles 

XANE simulations using Ni surrounded by six water molecules or four water molecules with two 

nitrates as our model are being carried out. 

Keywords: XANES, Ni(II) complex, nitrogen dioxide 


1. Newville, M. J. Synchrotron Rad., 2001, 8, 322. 

2. Ravel, B.; Newville, M. J. Synchrotron Rad., 2005, 12, 537. 

3. Yordanov, N.D.; Ilev, V.; Shopov, D. Inorg. Chim. Acta., 1982, 60, 17-20. 

Apichai Thongtomroungrat (อภิชัย ทองธํารงรัตน) Ph.D. Student 


Kasetsart University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.S. 2003 

Research field: development of a new sensor for environmental interest

S1-P38 

Development of Home-made Digestion Apparatus for Trace Elements 

Analysis in Biological Samples 

Rossukon Sittipout, a Witphon Thosaikham, a Rodjana Burakham b and Piyanete Chantiratikul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham 

University, Mahasarakham, 44150 Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand. 


Trace elements are essential minerals in small quantities. There are necessary for all sample, 

solids or liquids, must be destroy matrix and change to aqueous solution prior to analysis. Thus, 

sample preparation is very important procedure for trace elements determination. In this work, we 

aimed to design and construct the home-made digestion apparatus and optimize the digestion 

parameters of home-made digestion apparatus for trace elements analysis in biological samples. The 

efficiency of home-made digestion apparatus by comparing with the recognized sample digestion 

methods; opened-vessel wet acid digestion, dry ashing and microwave-assisted acid digestion was 

also studied. 

Methods 

The home-made digestion apparatus used in this work was specially designed and constructed 

with suitable materials. It consists of 4 main devices; heating source, water stream controller system, 

sample and chemical container and cooling system. The sample digestion conditions amounts of nitric 

acid in the range of 1.0-3.0 ml, digestion temperature in the range of 70-100 °C and digestion time in 

the range of 10-80 minutes. The trace elements; Zn, Fe, Se, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mo and Cr in digested 

samples were determined by ICP-MS and AAS. The digestion efficiency of the home-made digestion 

apparatus was evaluated by comparing with the recognized digestion methods; opened-vessel acid wet 

digestion, dry ashing and microwave-assisted acid digestion. 

Results 

The results found that the optimum amounts of nitric acid and digestion time for fungi and 

animal sample were 2.0 ml and 20 minutes and for plant sample were 3.0 ml and 60 minutes, 

respectively. The optimum digestion temperature for all samples was 100 °C. 

Conclusions 

A novel home-made digestion apparatus was efficiently applied to digest biological samples for 

determining trace elements. Good accuracy and precision was obtained. Furthermore, it was agreed 

with recognized sample digestion methods; opened-vessel wet acid digestion, dry ashing and 

microwave-assisted acid digestion. 

Keywords: digestion apparatus, trace element, biological sample 


1. Ashoka, S.; Peake, B.M.; Bremner, G.; Hageman, K. J.; Reid, M. R. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, 653, 191–199. 

2. Manjusha, R.; Dash, K.; Karunasagar, D. Food Chem., 2007, 105, 260–265. 

3. Sun, Y.C.; Chi, P.H.; Shiue, M.Y. Anal. Sci. 2001, 17, 1395-1399. 

Rossukon Sittipout (รสสุคนธ สิทธิพรต) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Naconratchasima, Thailand 



S1-P39 

Solid Phase Extraction for Preconcentration and Determination of 

Lead in Environmental Sample by Flame Atomic Absorption 

Spectrometry 

Sureerat Sanguthai, Jintana Klamtet and Sarin Sriprang 




The study analytical procedure for the preconcentration and determination of lead in 

environmental samples by solid phase extraction was studied. The effects of some analytical 

parameter such as pH, absorption time and concentration of eluent were examined. 

Methods 

a) Synthesis of Chelating Resin. Amberlite XAD-4(5g) was treated with 4-(2- 

pyridylazo)resorcinol at 0–5 ◦C. The resulting dark-brown resin was filtered, washed with water and 

dried in air 

b) Preconcentration method .A sample solution (50 ml) containing 3 mg/L -1 of Pb(II) 

was taken in beaker (250 ml) after adjusting its pH to the optimum value The 0.2 g of Amberlite 

XAD-4/-(2-pyridylazo)resorcino was added to the beaker and mixture solution was shaken for the 

optimum time. The resin was filtered, and sorbed metal ion was eluted with 2 mol L −1 HNO 3 (10 

mL). The concentration of metal ion in the eluant was determined by FAAS. 

Results 

The optimum pH value for sorption of the metal ion was 9. The preconcentration times of 45 min 

and 2 mol/L -1 nitric acid was selected as eluent for elution of Pb (II). This procedure will be 

applied for the determination of lead in different environmental samples. 

Conclusion 

The optimum parameters for preconcentration of lead by using Amberlite XAD-4 resin 

functionalized with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol was investigated prior to its determination by atomic 

absorption spectrophotometry. The optimum of pH values was found 9. The preconcentration time of 

45 min and the stripping of the metal ions from the resin was carried out by 2 mol/L -1 nitric acid (10) 

mL. The developed method was applied to the determination of lead in environmental samples. 

Keywords: preconcentration, Amberlite XAD-4, 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 


1. Uzun, A.; Soylak, M.; Elci, L. Talanta, 2001, 54, 197–202. 

2. Burham, N.; Azeem, S.; El-Shahat, M. F. Cent. Eur. J. Chem., 2009, 7(4), 945–954. 

Sureerat Sanguthai (สุรียรัตน แสงอุทัย) Ph.D. Student 


Rajabhat Institute Nakhonsawan, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2001 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2006 


S1-P40 

Improving of the Calcium and Magnesium Separation Method 

from Dolomite 

Walailak Songrak, Suthon Chuaygud and Marisa Intawongse 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 

Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat-nasan Rd, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand. 


There are several ways to separate calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) from dolomite. Sodium 

carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are used for precipitating calcium and magnesium 

in the study. An important factor to increase precipitation is pH of the solution. The aims of this 

study are to investigate the effects of pH and concentration for fractional precipitation of calcium and 

magnesium ions, to determine the quantity of calcium, magnesium and iron in dolomite samples by 

precipitation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique, and to evaluate iron 

coprecipitation with calcium and magnesium. 

Methods 

The aqueous sample solutions were prepared in different concentrations. The precipitating agents 

for calcium and magnesium were added to sample solutions at various pH of solutions ranging from 7 

to 12. The precipitates were dissolved by nitric acid, then the solutions were analyzed by AAS 

machine. 

Results 

As the effect of pH, it was found that calcium was separated efficiently at the concentration of 0.8 

g/L of Na 2 CO 3 /litre at pH 9.99. Using Na 2 CO 3 as precipitating agent, Ca 2+ precipitate 225.67 g/kg of 

dolomite, equals to 87.69%. The optimal pH to separate magnesium from dolomite was 12.07, the 

Mg 2+ precipitates 132.45 g/kg of dolomite, equals to 85.19 %. In addition, iron is a common metal ion 

coming along with both analytes (i.e. Ca and Mg) from dolomite. Notably, iron can be removed at pH 

4 to 7, resulting pH negligible contamination by iron (0.02 g/kg). 

Conclusion 

The proposed method can be used in separating calcium and magnesium from dolomite. Most of 

them were separated by using suitable precipitating agents and pH. The sample concentration also 

shows an important condition for separation to achieve the highest yield. 

Keywords: calcium, magnesium, separation, dolomite 


1. Gence, N.; Ozbay, N. Appl. Surf. Sci, 2006, 252, 8057-8061. 

2. Sudmalis, M.; Sheikholeslami, R. J. Chem. Engin., 2000, 21-31. 

Walailak Songrak (วลัยลักษณ สงรักษ) M.Ed. Student 

b 1983 in Surat Thani, Thailand 

Suratthani Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 


S1-P41 

The Study on Bioaccessibity of Cd and Pb in Oyster and Seabass 

Samples Using Physiologically Based Extraction Test 

Supatsa Sriraksa and Marisa Intawongse 

Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani 

Rajabhat University, Surat-Nasan Rd, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand. 


Human health risk from metals by consuming contaminated oyster and seabass can be assessed by 

measuring their bioaccessibility. In this context, bioaccessibility has been defined as the fraction of a 

compound that is released from its matrix in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus becomes available for 

intestinal absorption, i.e. enters the blood stream 1,2 . In vitro gastrointestinal digestion approach or 

Physiologically Based Extraction (PBET) have been established to estimate the oral bioaccessibility 

of heavy metals in food samples. The aim of this study is to evaluate oral bioaccessibility of Cd and 

Pb in oyster and seabass samples. 

Methods 

The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method used was based on a previously developed 

method1 1,2 . A sample (0.3 g) was placed in a screwcap centrifuge tube and 30 mL of gastric juice 

added. The mixture was then shaken at 100 rpm in a shaking water bath maintained at 37 °C. After 1 

h, the solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and a 5 mL aliquot was removed and filtered 

through a 0.45 mm disk and replaced with original gastric solution to retain the original solid/solution 

ratio. The second stage, 52.5 mg bile salts and 15 mg pancreatin were added into the sample tube and 

the mixture was adjusted to pH 7.0. The sample was then shaken at 100 rpm in a shaking water bath 

maintained at 37 °C for a further 2 h when a second 5 mL of sample solution was removed and 

filtered. The remaining solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min and the residue was retained 

for further microwave digestion and all the aliquots were analyzed by ICP -OES. 

Results 

The release of each metal of the gastric and intestinal fraction was evaluated to indicate maximal 

oral bioaccessibility of the contaminants. The results showed that total concentration of Cd in oyster 

and seabass ranged from 3.32 to 6.51 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 0.34 to 2.65 mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. 

In addition, total Pb concentration in both samples was obtained ranging from 2.01 to 2.95 mg/kg (dry 

wt.) and 1.00 to 2.04 mg/kg (dry wt.). The PBET experiment revealed that the bioaccessability of Cd 

and Pb in oyster ranged from 70.8 % to 90.1 % and 44.7% to 62.7 %, respectively. In seabass sample, 

the bioaccesabilty of these toxic metals ranged from 64.8 % to 76.2 % and 54.1 % to 71.5 %. 

Conclusion 

The use of PBET showed its efficiency to assess the oral bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb in oyster 

and seabass samples collected in Surat Thani province, Thailand. Moreover, it can be useful as a 

simple and rapid extraction method as well as low in cost. Notably, greater than 72.5 % of the heavy 

metals released from the combined gastric and intestinal phases was obtained by oral bioaccessibility 

evaluation. 

Keywords: oyster, seabass, PBET, heavy metals, ICP-OES 


1. Intawongse, M.; Dean, J. R. Food Addit. Contam., 2006, 23(1), 36-48. 

2. Navara, P.; Arana, G.; Etxebarria, N.; Dean, J. R. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 622, 26-32. 

Supatsa Sriraksa (สุพัตศา ศรีรักษา) M.Ed. Student 




S1-P42 

Speciation Analysis of Antimony and Arsenic in Chilli Pepper and 

Tomato Samples by Continuous Flow Hydride Generation 

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 

Nittaya Thaharn and SaksitChanthai 



Introduction 

The toxicity of antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) compounds both organic and inorganic forms is 

strongly dependent on their elemental species found in most vegetables and fruits. Both organic and 

inorganic species can be separated by solid-phase extraction and followed by analysis of its hydride 

form by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Therefore, reliable speciation 

procedures are required for a meaningful risk assessment of Sb and As in these samples. In this 

research we investigated optimum conditions for determination of Sb and As in chilli pepper and 

tomato samples by continuous flow HG-AAS after sample preparation obtained from the optimized 

procedures using microwave assisted extraction and digestion. 

Methods 

Determination of Sb and As was performed by CF-HG-AAS under optimum conditions of the 

reaction medium. The following parameters were investigated including concentrations of 

hydrochloric acid, sodium tetraborohydride, sodium hydroxide and potassium iodide. The CF-HG- 

AAS conditions were consisted of 500 µL sample volume and 900C° of quartz cell temperature. Sb 

and As were detected at 217.6 and 193.7 with0.2 and 0.7 nm slit width, respectively. Extraction and 

digestion methods for the sample preparation of both chilli pepper and tomato using the microwave 

unit were also optimized in details. 

Results 

CF-HG-AAS system was investigated in order to achieve the optimum conditions for Sb and As 

determination. The optimized conditions for hydride generation were as follows: 1%(v/v) HCl as 

carrier solution, 0.3%(w/v) NaBH 4 in 0.04%(w/v) NaOH as reducing agent and 4%(w/v) KI as 

pre-reduction agent. Microwave assisted digestion for chilli pepper and tomato were consisted of 6 

mL conc. HNO 3 and 0.2 g dry weight. Method validations of both extraction and digestion were also 

demonstrated. 

Conclusion 

The optimum conditions of this analytical method can be used for the determination of Sb and As 

speciation and can also be applied to real samples after well-prepared procedures. 

Keywords: HG-AAS, speciation, antimony, arsenic, chilli pepper, tomato 


1. Krachler, M.; Shotyk, W.; Emons, H. Anal. Chim.Acta., 2001, 432, 303-310. 

2. Zhang, W.; Yang, X.; Dong, Y.; Chu, X. Spectrochim. Acta Part B., 2010, 65, 571-578. 

3. Korenovska, M. J. Food Nutr. Res., 2006, 45, 84-88. 

Nitaya Thaharn (นิตยา ทาหาร) M.Sc. Student 


Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: speciation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry

S1-P43 

Determination of Heavy Metals in Atmospheric PM10 Samples 

by ICP-OES 

Jatuporn Chaichana, Somporn Chantara and Urai Tengjaroenkul 


Chiang Mai 50200,Thailand. 


In the dry season with high frequency of biomass burning various pollutants were generated both 

in forms of gases and particulate matter. PM10 combined with pollutants such as metals can have 

adverse effects on health. The objectives of this work are to determine heavy metals and inorganic 

elements associated with atmospheric PM10 collected in the high season of biomass burning. 

Methods 

PM10 samples were collected during March to April 2010 at the roof of nine story building, 

Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University (CMU). Each sample was collected onto a quartz filter 

using a Minivol air sampler with a flow rate of 5 L/min for 24 hours. In this study a half of the filter 

was extracted in glass tubes with 12 mL of aqua regia (HCl+HNO 3 ; 3+1) and placed on the heating 

block digestor at 95 o C without boiling for 2 hours. The extracted samples were stored at 4 o C in a 

freezer prior to analysis by ICP-OES. 

Results 

Average concentrations of heavy metals extracted from PM10 samples in descending order were 

Ni (0.173 µg/m 3 ) > As (0.167 µg/m 3 ) > Sb (0.154 µg/m 3 ) > Cr (0.054 µg/m 3 ), while Cd (DL = 0.033 

µg/m 3 ) and Co (DL = 0.041 µg/m 3 ) were not detected. The average concentrations of PM10-bounded 

elements in descending order were Fe (1.027 µg/m 3 ) > Zn (0.156 µg/m 3 ) > Mn (0.116 µg/m 3 ), while V 

was undetectable (DL = 0.056 µg/m 3 ). PM10 concentrations were fluctuated between 74-249 µg/m 3 

during the sampling period. 

Conclusion 

Average concentrations of elements extracted from PM10 samples in descending order were Fe > 

Ni > As > Zn > Sb > Mn > Cr. Only Zn and Fe were found to correlate with PM10 concentrations. 

Keywords: heavy metals, PM10, ICP-OES, biomass burning 


1. Sandroni, V.; Smith, C.M.M.; Donovan, A. Talanta, 2003, 60, 715-723. 

2. Feng, X.D.; Dandg, Z.; Huang, W.L.; Yang, C. J. Environ. Sci., 2009, 6, 337-346. 

Jatuporn Chaichana (จตุพร ชัยชนะ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983in Chiang Mai, Thailand 

Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. student 

Research field: analytical

S1-P44 

Development of a Vapour Generation-Inductively Coupled Plasma 

Optical Emission Spectrometry (VG-ICP-OES) for Determination of 

Sulfur and Halogen 

Pradup Mesawat, Atitaya Siripinyanond and Juwadee Shiowatana 


Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand 


A vapour generation was developed as a sample introduction for ICP-OES determination of S 

and I. Sulfur is generally used as a preservative and disinfectant system in wine. Iodine is an essential 

element in wine sample. Samples containing high organic contents cannot be directly introduced into 

ICP-OES without dilution or digestion. Therefore, an alternative vapour generation sample 

introduction was developed for determination of sulfur and iodine in wine samples with ICP-OES. 

Methods 

The system was based on the conversion of S and I into volatile SO 2 and I 2 , respectively, in the 

presence of acid. The generated volatile compounds were then carried at by acid stream to a modified 

cyclonic spray chamber, acting as a gas liquid separator. The nebulizer argon gas was applied to 

facilitate the transport of the generated volatile SO 2 and I 2 into the plasma region. Systematic 

evaluation of volatile species detection by ICP-OES was carried out. 

Results 

Parameters affecting the performance of VG-ICP-OES were investigated, including acid type, 

acid concentration, reaction temperature, sample introduction flow rate, nebulizer flow rate, and 

plasma power. The developed system was then applied to wine samples. Owing to their high organic 

contents, these samples generally cannot be directly introduced into the ICP-OES without sample 

dilution or sample digestion. 

Conclusion 

The system was based on the conversion of sulfur and iodine into volatile SO 2 and I 2 in the 

presence of acid. Vapour generation ICP-OES shows precision less than 5%. The detection limits 

were found to be 0.03 and 0.3 mg/L for sulfur and iodine, respectively. 

Keywords: Vapour generation, Sulfur, Iodine, ICP-OES. 


1. Kowalewska, Z.; Ruszczynska, A.; Bulska, E. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B., 2005, 60, 351-359. 

2. Grinberg, P.; Sturgeon, R. E. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2009, 24, 508-514. 

Pradup Mesawat (ประดับ มีสวัสดิ์) M.Sc. Student 


Taksin University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2001 

Research field: determination of major and trace elements

S1-P45 

Analysis of Multielement in Thai Rice by Using Inductively Coupled 

Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) 

Siriporn Yodbuntung, a,b Waret Werasai, b Duangjai Nachapricha a,b and Kanchana Uraisin a,b 

a Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboatories (FIRST Labs) 




Rice is important crop in this world wild, which the most consumed cereal grain in Thai people. 

Moreover, the rice has useful components for human body so researchers are interesting. The aim of 

this work is to determine multielement in rice from the region of Thailand by using ICP-OES 

technique. 

Methods 

White rice and brown rice samples were collected from the region of Thailand. Rice samples 

were grinded with mortar before defatted with hexane for 1 hr. The sample was filtered to remove the 

organic solvent. The dry sample was digested by adding subboiling nitric to accurated weight 1g of 

defatted sample. The solution was heated until clear solution was achieved. For blank solution, ten ml 

of subboiling nitric was digested with the same procedure. The digested sample and reagent blank was 

diluted with DI water to 25ml before analyze multielement with ICP-OES. 

Results 

In this work, six trace elements of Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd were determined in white and 

brown rice samples. It was observed that Zn was the most abundant in white rice while Mn was in the 

second abundant. These metals are present in the concentration above 40 ppb. In addition, the other 

elements, Ni, Cu, Fe and Cd were found lower than 20 ppb. These concentration results were the same 

trend in North, Northeast and Central rice. According to the results, the classification of white rice 

from any region cannot be obtained in this time. However, we observed that the concentration levels 

of Zn, Mn and Fe in brown rice samples was found to be higher than white rice samples. 

Conclusion 

The ICP-OES technique can be used for determination multielement in rice. The quantities of 

some elements in brown rice samples are higher than white rice samples. Therefore, most metal 

elements were existed in the rice bran. 

Keywords: multielement, rice, ICP-OES 


1. Laoharojanaphand, S.; Busamongkol, A.; Chaiyasith, S.; Permnamtip, V.; Parengam, M.; Srianujata, S. J. 

Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 2009, 281, 69-73. 

2. Francesco, C.; Andrea, R. Microchem. J., 2005, 79, 91-96. 

Siriporn Yodbuntung (สิริพร ยศบรรเทิง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Tak, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. student, 

2009-present 


S1-P46 

Application of Laser Ablation ICP-MS for Shrimp Samples 

Pracha Cheajesadagul, a Purim Jarujamrus, a Jariyavadee Suriyaphan, b Chalor Limsuwan, b Atitaya 

Siripinyanond a and Juwadee Shiowatana a 



b Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Phahon Yotin Rd, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, 

Thailand. 


Currently, Thailand has emerged as the world’s leading farmed shrimp producer and exporter 

based on P.Vannamei or Pacific white shrimp in terms of volume and value. The deficiency of 

nutrients in terms of minor/trace minerals is the one suspect problem that leads to slow growth. The 

roles of minor/trace minerals in shrimp culture were investigated. Laser ablation inductively coupled 

plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a powerful analytical technique for determining essential 

and toxic element distribution in various materials and increasingly operated for characterization of 

biological and environmental samples. The aim of this work is to investigate applicability of laser 

ablation ICP-MS for study of elemental distribution in shrimp samples. 

Methods 

LA- ICP-MS was used for determining some elements which can accumulate in shrimp such as 

Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sr, V, Zn, Mo, and Sn. The laser ablation system was equipped with a frequency 

quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (266 nm). Thin sections of shrimp were analyzed under the optimum 

conditions by LA-ICP-MS (scanning line by line – the whole cross section was ablated). The 13 C 

isotope was used as an internal standard, making possible for the correction of the analyte signal 

variability. Analyte responses were normalized with 13 C response. 

Results 

LA-ICP-MS parameters, such as spot size, laser energy, and scan rate, were optimized with the 

shrimp samples to obtain maximum signal intensity. The 13 C was selected for optimization study. 

Element distribution in shrimp sample was obtained by LA-ICP-MS measurements. The element 

concentrations in shrimp vary depending on the accumulation ability of element. 

Conclusion 

Laser ablation ICP-MS is proven to be a very powerful technique for determining multielemental 

distribution in shrimp samples. The high spatial resolution of LA might offer wide applications in 

aspects related to toxicological and nutritional elements research of shrimp and give more 

understanding about the roles of minor/trace elements in shrimp. 

Keywords: P.Vannamei, shrimp, elemental distribution, laser ablation ICP-MS 


1. Durrant, S.F.; Ward, N.I. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2005, 20, 821–829. 

2. Arai, T.; Hirata, T.; Takagi, Y.; Mar. Environ. Res., 2007, 63, 55-66. 

Pracha Cheajesadagul (ประชา เจียเจษฎากุล) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: laser ablation ICP-MS, trace elements, and source identification

S1-P47 

Fractional Extraction of Organosulfur Compounds in Garlic Clove 

and Effect of Some Heavy Metals on Their Antioxidant Capacity 

Jantiwa Songsungkan and Saksit Chanthai 




Garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) is one of the oldest vegetables, and it has also been used as a 

medicinal plant. Evidence suggests that the biological and medical functions of garlic are mainly due 

to certain organosulfur constituents or their transformation products such as allicin, alliin, and diallyl 

sulfide. This research is aimed to do fractional extraction of organosulfur compounds in garlic clove 

with various polarities of solvents for determining an antioxidant capacity. The effect of heavy metals 

on the complex formation with the organosulfur compounds is also investigated including their 

antioxidant property. 

Methods 

Fractional extraction of organosulfur compounds in garlic clove was done by batch extraction 

method. Water and methanol with various solvent ratios by volume were preliminarily used as an 

extraction solvent with a conventional solvent extraction at room temperature. Microwave assisted 

extraction method is mainly subjected to be optimized conditions. Determination of antioxidant 

capacity of the garlic extracts was then carried out using both ferric reducing antioxidant power 

(FRAP) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Some 

heavy metals i.e. Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ etc. are introduced to form complex with those organosulfur 

compounds in the extracts by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. 

Results 

The fresh garlic clove (5 g) were extracted with 10 mL of each solvent used (ethanol, methanol 

and water) by stirring at room temperature for 1 h and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 20 min. The 

highest extraction yield was obtained from using methanol : water (50:50, v/v). In the present work 

the methanol crude extract of the garlic clove was then subjected to evaluate its antioxidant capacity. 

Conclusion 

Methanol provided to be the most efficient solvent for extraction of antioxidants from garlic 

clove sample, considerably subjecting for higher contents of phenolic compounds in the crude extract, 

resulting in high antioxidant activity in all the assays used. 

Keywords: garlic clove, antioxidant capacity, allicin, solvent extraction 


1. Mewally, M.A.A. World J. Fish Mar. Sci., 1, 2009, 1, 1-6. 

2. Kimbaris, A.C.; Siatis, N.G.; Pappas, C.S.; Tarantilis, P.A.; Daferera, D.J.; Polissiou, M.G. Food Chem., 

2006, 94, 287-295. 

Jantiwa Songsungkan (จันทรทิวา ทรงสังขาร) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: antioxidant property of herbal plants

S1-P48 

Extraction of Tetrabromobisphenol-A in Polystyrene by Ultrasonic 

Extraction Method 

Anurak Chankaew and Apinya Navakhun 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 

Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used flame retardants in polymers. 

Despite the reactive properties of TBBPA, environmental release has been shown to occur for TBBPA 

and degradation products from both additive and reactive treated products. 

In this work, the optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction of TBBPA in polystyrene (PS) 

were studied. 

Methods 

TBBPA was extracted from PS sample by ultrasonic extraction. The extracted solution were 

added into 1,7-dichlorofluorescein solution and the decreasing of fluorescence intensity were 

monitored. The extraction conditions, such as amount of PS sample, type of solvent, volume of 

solvent, temperature, time, degradation and interference were studied in order to increase extraction 

efficiency. 

Results 

The parameters that affected on the extraction efficiency were studied. PS sample 0.5 g was used 

for extraction. 15 mL of isopropanol was a good solvent for extracted. The temperature and time for 

extraction were 65 C and 60 min, respectively. Under optimum condition the linearity was 0.001- 

0.006% (w/w) with R 2 = 0.9946, the LOD and LOQ were 0.001 and 0.003% (w/w), respectively. The 

precision and %recovery were 0.3 – 0.4% and 89 – 107%, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The optimum conditions for extraction of Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) by ultrasonic 

extraction were studied. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction efficiency more than 90% was 

achieved. In addition, the degradation of TBBPA and interference were not effect for analysis. 

Keywords: ultrasonic extraction, TBBPA, PS 


1. Blanco, E.; Casais, M. C.; Mejuto, M. C.; Cela, R. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 2772-2778. 

2. Brunete, C. S.; Miguel, E.; Tadeo, J. L. J. Chromatogr. A. 2009, 1216, 5497-5503. 

3. Chu, S.; Haffner, G. D.; Letcher, R. J. J. Chromatogr. A. 2005, 1097, 25-32. 

4. Tollback, J.; Crescenzi, C.; Dyremark, E. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1104, 106-112. 

Anurak Chankaew (อนุรักษ จันทรแกว) M.Sc. Student 

b.1984 in Ayutthaya, Thailand 


Research field: spectrofluorometry

S1-P49 

Cryogel: Sorbent for Sample Preparation 

Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee, a,b,c Chongdee Thammakhet, a,b,c Panote Thavarungkul a,b,d and 








Cryogels are supermacroporous gel networks formed by cryogeletion of appropriate monomers or 

polymeric precursors at subzero temperature. Cryogels are simple to synthesize and use aqueous 

solvent for their synthesis which make them suitable for various applications. This work aims to 

develop a polyvinylalcohol (PVA) cryogel as a sorbent material for sample preparation. 

Methods 

Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was used as the monomer and glutaraldehyde was used as the 

cross-linker at an appropriate mole ratio. The mixture was frozen at subzero temperature and thawed 

at room temperature. The morphology of the obtained PVA cryogel was characterized by scanning 

electron microscope (SEM). 

Results 

The average pore size of PVA cryogel was 5 ± 2 µm (n=129). The obtained supermacroporous 

cryogel was an elastic, sponge-like material suitable for applying as a sorbent for sample preparation 

of organic compounds. 

Conclusion 

The method for the preparation of cryogel was simple and the supermacroporous cryogel is 

suitable to be used as a sorbent material in sample preparation technique. 

Keywords: cryogel, freeze-thaw cycles, sorbent, sample preparation 


1. Plieva, F. M.; Karlsson, M.; Aguilar, M. R.; Gomez, D.; Mikhalovsky, S.; Galaev, I. Y.; Mattiasson, B. J. 

Polym. Sci., 2006, 100, 1057-1066. 

2. Kueseng, P.; Thammakhet, C.; Thavarungkul, P.; Kanatharana, P. Microchem. J. 2010, 96, 317-323. 

Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee (กนกรัตน เจริญพรภักดี) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: sample preparation, and gas chromatography

S1-P50 

On-line Preconcentration of Xylene and Styrene with a Tubetrap 

Jindaporn Saelim, a,b,c Panote Thavarungkul, a,b,d Proespichaya Kanatharana a,b,c and Chongdee Thammakhet a,b,c 







Xylene and styrene are volatile organic compounds that widely used as solvents in many 

industries. These compounds are normally present in the environment at trace level and the method 

used to determine these compounds is gas chromatography. Due to the low level of contamination a 

preconcentration step is required. This work proposed to develop an on-line preconcentration system 

using a tubetrap coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the 

analysis of xylene and styrene. 

Methods 

The parameters of GC-FID i.e. flow rates of carrier, make up, fuel (H 2 ), oxidant gases etc. were 

optimized. An on-line preconcentration system was developed by placing a tubetrap between an 

injection valve and the separation column. The standard gas of xylene and styrene were passed 

through the tubetrap where the analytes were adsorbed. The tubetrap was then desorbed by applying a 

current pulse and the analytes were directly injected to the GC-FID. Affecting parameters of the online 

tubetrap were also optimized. 

Results 

The optimum conditions of GC-FID were obtained. The results showed linear range of 0.1-40 

ppm and the limit of detection and limit of quantitation for xylene and styrene were 39, 37 ppb and 

130, 124 ppb, respectively. To increase the sensitivity of the method, the on-line tubetrap was used as 

a preconcentrator. The optimum parameters of on-line preconcentrator system were 0.3 V heating 

potential, 1.5 s heating time and 10 minutes breakthrough time. With these conditions, the RSD was 

lower than 10%. 

Conclusion 

The optimum conditions of the GC-FID and these on-line tubetrap were achieved. The on-line 

tubetrap can be used as a preconcentrator for the analysis of xylene and styrene with good 

repeatability (RSD < 10%). 

Keywords: tubetrap, xylene, styrene, preconcentration, gas chromatography flame ionization 

detector 


1. Thammakhet, C.; Thavarungkul, P.; Brukh, R.; Mitra, S.; Kanatharana, P. J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1072, 243-248. 

2. Elke, K.; Jermann, E.; Begerow, J.; Dunemann, L. J. Chromatogr. A, 1998, 826, 191-200. 

Jindaporn Saelim (จินดาพร แซลิ่ม) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: trace analysis, sample preparation, and gas chromatography

S1-P51 

Determination of Absorption Efficiency for VOCs by Methanol 

and Acetonitrile and Analysis by GC-FID 

Eakachai Singcom, Somporn Chantara and Pichaya Mungkornasawakul 


Su Thep Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can be done by 1) pumping air through a solid 

adsorbent or mixtures of adsorbents, 2) active air sampling using bags or canisters, 3) passive air 

sampling and 4) solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Absorbents for VOCs are solid adsorbent such 

as activated charcoal, fused silica and graphitized carbon blacks. Extraction of VOCs can be done by 

using various kinds of solvent and techniques such as mechanical shaking and ultrasonication. Liquid 

absorbent including heavy organic solvents such as di-2-ethylhexyladipate (DEHA) can also be used. 

VOCs are usually analyzed by gas chromatography such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 

(GC-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-electron 

capture detector (GC-ECD). This study aims to find out absorption efficiencies of some VOCs 

(benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene) by some selected organic solvents and optimize GC-FID 

conditions for analysis of VOCs. 

Method 

The testing chamber was constructed to perform the experiment by fixing volume of the solvent. 

It consists of three units: 1) the VOCs chamber consists of a container for VOC standard solution, 2) 

the gas collectors unit consists of 3 glass collectors containing selected organic solvent and 3) pump. 

The 3 mL of 10 µg/mL mixed VOCs standard solution were added into the container inside the testing 

chamber, which was then heated to accelerate VOCs evaporation. Right after the evaporation was 

completed, VOCs vapor was pumped into the series of 3 glass collectors containing methanol (15 

mL/collector). Time of collection was set at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The VOCs in the collectors 

were analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Under the best condition, 

acetonitrile was used instead of methanol and the same experiment was performed. 

Results 

The instrument detection limits (IDL) of the selected VOCs were 0.169-0.292 µg/mL. By using 

methanol as absorption solvent, VOCs recoveries increased with collection duration. The 15 minutes 

operation time provides the lowest VOC recoveries (24-44%). The 30 and 45 minutes operation time 

provides 46-73% and 51-84% VOC recoveries, respectively. The 60 minutes operation time provides 

the best recoveries (86-115%). The best condition for VOC absorption by methanol was applied to 

acetronitrile and it was found that lower recoveries of VOCs (54-74%) were obtained. 

Conclusion 

Methanol presents better absorption efficiency for the selected VOCs than acetonitrile due to its 

less polarity. 

Keywords: VOCs, testing chamber, GC-FID, absorption efficiency 


1. Darracq, G., Couvert, A., Couriol, C., Amrane, A. and Cloirec, P.L. Water Sci Technol., 2009, 59, 1315-1322. 

2. Hrivnak, J., Kral, E., Tolgyessy, P. and Katuscak, S. J Occup Health., 2009, 51, 173-176. 

Eakachai Singcom (เอกชัย สิงหคํา) M.Sc. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 


S1-P52 

Determination of Lauric acid in Virgin Coconut Oil 

by Gas Chromatography 

Aisah Tenngah, Somporn Tojai and Chutima Septhum 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and technology , 

Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat-Nasan Rd, Suratthani 84100, Thailand. 


Virgin Coconut oil (VCO) can be produced directly from the fresh comminuted coconut meat, or 

from coconut milk, or from coconut milk residue. VCO has a dear water appearance, a sweet coconut 

aroma and should not have off- flavours or a sour taste. VCO possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and 

antioxidant properties, then it can be used in all applications. VCO contains the highest percentage of 

medium chain fatty acids (MCFA;C8-C12).MCFA in coconut oil is about 64% with lauric acid, 

CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 COOH as highest ranging from 47 to 53 % depending on the coconut variety. 

The aim of this the present study is; to determine the lauric acid content in VCO by gas 

chromatography. 

Methods 

VCO was produced by modified natural fermentation method(wet process) and low pressure oil 

extraction method (cold presses).The preparation and determination of methyl ester of fatty acids in 

VCO were done by modified AOCS Official Method Ce 2-66 and Ce 1e-91 respectively. 

Results 

The determination of lauric acid in VCO was carried out by using gas chromatography with 

flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Fatty acid in VCO were derivatized with BF 3 /CH 3 OH and 

analyzed on a RTX-1 capillary column. Condition the column by temperature programming the oven 

from 150 ◦ C to 250 ◦ C. The detector and injector temperature set at 250 ◦ C and 280 ◦ C respectively. 

Helium was used as the carrier gas at 10 mL/min. The percentage recovery of this method was 98.30 

and the linearity ranges was 200-1000 mg/L (R 2 =0.9996). The lauric acid content in VCO was a bout 

47.08 and 47.54 %, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The modified methods for FAMs (fatty acid methyl esters) preparation and determination showed 

that the quantity of lauric acid in VCO produced by two processes did not have the significant 

difference. 

Keywords: virgin coconut oil, lauric acid, fatty acid 


1. American Oil Chemists’ Society, (1998). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the AOCS. 5th 

ed. Champaign, Ill : AOCS.Cd 3-25. 

2. Bawalan, Divina.D. and Chapaman K.R., (2006). Virgin Coconut Oil Production Manual for Micro- and 

Village- Scale Processing. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Thailand.,pp.10-11. 

Aisah Tenngah (อะไอเสาะ ตึงเงาะ) M.Ed. Student 

b 1982 in Patthani, Thailand 

Rajabhat Surat Thani University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: science education

S1-P53 

Application of an Automated Headspace-Gas Chromatographic 

(HS-GC) Technique with a Nitrogen-Phosphorous Detector (NPD) for 

the Determination of an Aroma Compound in Rice Leaves 

Pittayaporn Boontakham, Tinakorn Sriseadka, and Sugunya Wongpornchai 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykeaw, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 50200, 

Thailand. 


Rice is the most important staple food for a large part of the world’s human population. In 

Thailand, an aromatic or fragrant rice has earned reputation and wide popularity. The characteristic 

aroma of aromatic rice is due to the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). This N-heterocyclic 

aroma volatile had also been identified among the volatiles of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and 

bread flowers (Vallaris glabra). In the past two decades, many analytical methods were reported for 

the extraction of 2AP in rice grains such as purge and trap, steam distillation-solvent extraction, 

solvent extraction and headspace sampling. The interest of this research is focused on the 

development of an automated headspace-gas chromatographic (HS-GC) technique with a nitrogenphosphorous 

detector (NPD) for the determination of 2AP in rice leaves instead of rice grain. The 

developed method can be another choice used for evaluation of the rice aroma quality which would be 

more convenient, rapid and requires less amount of sample. 

Methods 

For optimization of HS conditions, rice leaves sample of 0.2 g was ground and placed into a HS 

vial prior to HS-GC-NPD analysis. The HP5 (30m x 0.53mm x 1.5µm film thickness) column was 

used separation of rice leaves volatile. The oven temperature program was started at 50 °C and 

increased at a rate of 5 °C/min to 125 °C. The HS parameters including oven temperature in the range 

of 90-130°C and vial equilibration time in the range of 1-28 min were optimized. This appropriated 

HS-GC-NPD condition was further used to determine the amounts of 2AP in Khao Dawk Mali 105 

(KDML 105) rice leaves at different ages between 10 to 60 days. 

Results 

It was found that the HS oven temperature at 120 °C and vial equilibration time for 5 min gave 

highest sensitivity of 2AP detection. The amount of 2AP in KDML 105 rice leaves at 10, 20 and 40 

days were approximately 1.2, 1.5 and 3.0 times higher than its grains, respectively. 

Conclusions 

The amount of 2AP in KDML 105 rice leaves of ages between 10-60 days were found higher 

than that detected in its grain. Thus, the method employing HS-GC-NPD can be further developed to 

be used for evaluation of the rice aroma quality which would be more convenient, rapid and requires 

less amount of sample. 

Keywords: rice, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2AP, headspace-gas chromatography, 

nitrogen-phosphorous detector, NPD 


1. Grimm, C. C.; Bergman, C.; Delgado, J. T.; Bryant, R. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2001, 49, 245-249. 

2. Sriseadka, T.; Wongpornchai, S.; Kitsawatpaiboon, P. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2006, 54, 8183-8189. 

Pittayaporn Boontakham (พิทยาพร บุญทาคํา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Chiang Rai, Thailand 


Research field: natural product and chromatography

S1-P54 

Optimization of Micro-Hydrodistillation for Some Aroma Compounds 

in Citronella Grass Leaf and Herbal Incense Prior to Analysis by GC 

Thanawat Jumepaeng, Suchaya Komolwanich, Sukontip Wutthisan and Saksit Chanthai 




The determination of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) in citronella grass leaf and herbal 

incense is important for quality control propose. The most widely extraction technique for the analysis 

of VACs is hydrodistillation, but its disadvantages are still attributed for long distillation time and 

large amount of sample used. Micro-hydrodistillation (MHD) is an alternative extraction one with 

faster and less scale of sample and solvent prior to gas chromatographic analysis. 

The aim of this research is to optimize the MHD method for determination of aroma compounds 

including citronellal, citronellol, neral, geraniol, geranial and eugenol in citronella grass leaf and 

herbal incense samples available in markets. 

Methods 

VACs in the distillate obtained from the optimum conditions of MHD were determined by GC- 

FID. The MHD conditions were optimized with sample and solvent ratio, and distillation time. 

Volume of hexane used as liquid-liquid extraction was also noted. The GC conditions were composed 

of DB-5 (5% phenyl-95% dimethyl polysiloxane) column (30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) 

which was set at 140C and held for 2 min, then programmed at 2C min -1 to 150C and finally at 

10C min -1 to 180C, using helium gas with 1.0 mL min -1 as carrier gas, and the injector and detector 

temperatures were 250C and 300C, respectively. 

Results 

The optimized conditions of MHD were 0.5 g of sample, 1:6 (w/v) of extraction ratio between 

sample and water, 30 min distillation time and 2 mL hexane as an extractant. The major aroma 

compounds in the extract were then subjected to separate into six VACs by GC within 6 min. The 

results showed that both recovery and RSD were in the range of 84-105% and 3-8%, respectively. The 

correlation coefficient was over than 0.99, and LOD and LOQ were found at ppm level. When we 

applied this method for determination VACs in citronella grass leaf and herbal incense samples, we 

found citronellal, citronellol, neral, geraniol, geranial and eugenol in the range of 18.7-43.5, 9.09- 

93.0, 16.5-86.8, 179-304, 14.8-68.7, and 10.8-21.6 mg/L, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Using the MHD method will get short analysis time for the sample preparation including use of 

less organic solvent, while their precision and accuracy was satisfactorily obtained. The MHD in 

association with GC method can be easily applied to determine these VACs in real samples of both 

citronella grass leaf and herbal incense. 

Keywords: citronella grass leaf, herbal incense, micro-hydrodistillation, GC 


1. Özek, G.; Özek, T.; Işcan, G.; Başer, K.; Hamzaoglu, E.; Duran, A. S. Afr. J. Bot., 2007, 73, 563-569. 

2. Bousbia, N.; Vian, M.; Ferhat, M.; Petitcolas, E.; Meklati, B.; Chemat, F. Food Chem., 2009, 114, 355-362. 

3. Li, X.; Tian, S.; Pang, Z.; Shi, J.; Feng, Z.; Zhang, Y. Food Chem., 2009, 115, 1114-1119. 

Thanawat Jumepaeng (ธนาวัฒน จูมแพง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Sakonnakhon, Thailand 


Srinakharinwirote University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: volatile aroma compound, herbal plant, and chromatography

S1-P55 

Survey of Acrylamide Contamination in Fried-fruit Snacks from 

Nong Mon Market, Chonburi Using GC-MS Technique 

Phongphan Komthong, a,b Orasa Suriyaphan b,c and Jittima Charoenpanich b,d 

a Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, 

Thailand. 

b Environmental Science Program and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health, Toxicology and Management of 

Chemicals (ETM-PERDO), Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

c Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


After the first announcement made by the Swedish National Food Administration and a research 

group at the University of Stockholm that acrylamide could form in foods during the cooking process. 

Many researchers have confirmed the presence of acrylamide in different processed foods, and it was 

shown that its concentration might reach levels as high as several mg kg -1 depending on the 

composition and the way of processing. Numerous paths of formation have been discussed, 

predominantly the thermal degradation of the free amino acid asparagines via a Maillard reaction, 

which involves the reaction with reducing sugars, such as fructose and glucose in the presence of heat. 

In addition, some reports suggested that acrylamide could form in lipid-rich foods by the reaction of 

acrylic acid from acrolein and ammonia from the amino acid upon heating. From these alarming 

informations, the consumption of foods with this contaminant has become a public health concern and 

a list of acrylamide-contaminated foods is subject to be monitored for this problem. However, no 

intensive information is available for acrylamide content in fried-fruit snacks from Thailand. For 

reasons of consumer health protection, this study aims to survey the exposure of acrylamide in the 

fried-fruit snacks samplings from Nong Mon Market, the most visited local market of Chonburi. 

Methods 

Random samplings the fried-fruit snacks (16 samples covering 5 product types) from the food 

suppliers in Nong Mon market, Chonburi and extract the acrylamide-contaminant based on like 

dissolves like method (Castle et al., 1991). The amount of acrylamide in foods was detected by 

GC-MS system using 13 C 3 -acrylamide as an internal standard (Zhang et al., 2006). 

Results 

Moderate levels of acrylamide (200-500 g kg -1 ) were detected in whole fried-fruit snacks and the 

highest level (> 1 mg kg -1 ) was found only in sweet potato crisps. Low contamination of acrylamide 

( 

jackfruit chips > banana fritters > sweet taro crisps >durian chips. 

Keywords: acrylamide, fried-fruit snacks, GC-MS analysis, Nong Mon market 


1. Castle, L.; Campos, M.; Gilbert, J. J. Sci. Food Agric., 1991, 54, 549-555. 

2. Zhang, Y.; Dong, Y.; Ren, Y.; Zhang, Y. J. Chromatogr. A., 2006, 1116, 209-216. 

Phongphan Komthong (พงษพันธ คําทอง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1982 in Lopburi, Thailand 

Burapha University, Thailand, Public Health, B.Sc. 2004 

Research field: food safety

S1-P56 

Possibility of Purifying the Spermatogenic Cells in Rat Using 

Gravitational Split-flow Thin Cell Fractionation 

Nanthiya Paothong, a Waret Veerasai, a Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, b Chaitip Wanichanon, b 

Ronald Beckett c and Nongnuch Sungayuth a,d 



b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

c Water Studies Center, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 

d Mahidol University at Kanchanaburi campus, 199 Lumsum Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand. 


The Gravitational split-flow thin cell (GrSPLITT) fractionation is a gentle separation technique that 

should be used to separate spermatogenic cell into three stages: (1) spermatogonia, (2) round spermatid 

and (3) elongate spermatid. The different stages of the spermatogenic cells present the different their 

density and size. In this work, the potential and the efficiency of the Full Feed depletion (FFD) mode and 

the transport (TS) mode of the GrSPLITT system were compared for fractionation of rat’s spermatogenic 

cells based on their settling velocity in each cell. 

Methods 

(a) 

Syringe pump 1 

Peristaltic pump 3 

(b) 

Suspension of rat spermatogenic cells 

( < 30 µm) 

1 st Step, U= 9.81 mm/hr 

Gravity 


* 

Inlet a 

׳ Inlet b ׳ Cutoff diameter 

(dc) 

Outlet a 

Outlet b 

Fraction > dc 

Fraction ≤ dc 

dc > 10 µm 

Spermatogonia cells 

(1 st fraction) 

dc 6-10 µm 

Round spermatids 

(2 nd fraction) 

dc 10 µm 

Round and Elongate 

spermatids & Spermatozoa 

2 nd Step, U = 7.06 mm/hr 

dc 6 µm 

Elongate spermatids 

&Spermatozoa 

(3 rd fraction) 

Figure1. The TS-GrSPLITT system (a) and the two separation steps (b) for two different settling velocity 

(U): (1) 9.81 mm/hr and (2) 7.06 mm/hr. The three fractions of spermatogonia U=21.17 mm/hr, round 

spermatids U=11.09 mm/hr, and elongate spermatids & spermatozoa U=6.52 mm/hr were obtain. *For the 

FFD-GrSPLITT system is no the inlet b'. 

Results 

All fractions obtained from fractionated by TS-GrSPLITT and FFD-GrSPLITT technique were imaged 

and sized for plot size distribution curve. The separation of was gained the percentage of recovery and 

purity of TS-GrSPLITT in range 74.28±3.58-123.12±18.27and 66.26±3.57-80.27 ±5.96, and FFD- 

GrSPLITT is 31.27±4.13-90.52±0.48 and 55.25±12.09-87.86±3.63 respectively. 

Conclusion 

The potential of the TS-GrSPLITT fractionation is more possible than the FFD-GrSPLITT for 

separating the rat’s spermatogenic cells. However, the efficiency of the TS-GrSPLITT system should be 

optimized by variation of the flow rate ratios of the two inlets and the two outlets later. 

Keywords: GrSPLITT fractionation, settling velocity, spermatogenic cell. 


1. Marvin, L. M.; Patricia, K. T-W.; Maria, E. A. B. V. B. Bio. Reprod., 1994, 51, 334-344. 

2. Tantidanai, N.; Veerasai, W.; Beckett, R. Separ. Sci. Technol., 2006, 41, 3003-3025. 

3. Contado, C.; Dondi, F.; Beckett, R.; Giddings, J. C. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997, 345, 99-110. 

Nanthiya Paothong (นันทิยา เภาทอง) M.Sc. Student 




Research field: analytical technologies

S1-P57 

Determination of Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines Using 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

Jaruwan Donthuan and Supalax Srijaranai 




High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is often used for the determination of biogenic 

amines due to its high selectivity and sensitivity. However, HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection has 

low sensitivity for many biogenic amines. Therefore, pre-column derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl 

chloroformate (FMOC) is generally used to improve the spectrometric detection sensitivity. 

The objectives of this study are to optimize the FMOC derivatization of amino acids and biogenic 

amines and to investigate the optimum condition for their chromatographic analysis. 

Methods 

Mixture of amino acids and biogenic amines were derivatized with FMOC before their analysis 

by HPLC. The effects of pH (pH 8.0-pH 12.0), reaction time (15-1870 minutes) and quantity of 

FMOC (75 – 1025 mg/L) for the derivatization of biogenic amines and amino acids were studied. 

The optimization condition for HPLC analysis of biogenic amines and amino acids was investigated 

by varying the composition of mobile phase and mobile phase flow rate. 

Results 

The optimum condition for derivatization was as followed: 750 L of 5000 mg/L FMOC (10-fold 

of concentration of biogenic amines and amino acids), borate buffer at pH 10.0, and left for 30 

minutes before being injected to HPLC. HPLC was performed on a Waters symmetry C18 column 

and detected by either fluorescence or UV detector. Gradient elution with binary mixture of 1% 

acetic acid and acetonitrile was used at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Method validation was 

investigated using the optimum condition. 

Conclusion 

Five biogenic amines and ten amino acids were determined after pre-column derivatization with 

FMOC using HPLC coupled with fluorescence and UV detection under the optimum conditions. The 

studied biogenic amines and amino acids were completely separated within 30 minutes. 

Keywords: biogenic amine, amino acid, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 


1. Bauza, T.; Blaise, A.; Daumas, F.; Cabanis, J.C. J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 707, 373-379. 

2. Lozanov, V.; Benkova, B.; Mateva, L.; Pretrov, S.; Popov, E.; Slavov, C.; Mitev, V. 

J. Chromatogr. B, 2007, 860, 92-97. 

Jaruwan Donthuan (จารุวรรณ ดรเถื่อน) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: HPLC, amino acids, biogenic amines

S1-P58 

Determination of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics Using Solid-Phase 

Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

Nithachcha Phonkeng and Rodjana Burakham 




The fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) have a wide range of antibacterial activity and are 

broadly used in treating bacteria infections in both human and veterinary medicine. The wide 

application has raise public health concerns because the presence of FQ residues in meat, milk and 

eggs may lead to pathogen resistance to FQs in human. The objective of the present study was to 

investigate the HPLC condition and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the simultaneous determination 

of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. 

Method 

Separation was performed on a Symmetry C 18 column (3.9 150 mm, 5 µm) using a gradient 

mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, a flow rate of 0.9 mL min -1 and fluorescence 

detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 280 and 450 nm, respectively. Signal 

derivatization technique was used to overcome the peak overlapping of the chromatogram. The 

sample pretreatment involved solid-phase extraction using the Oasis HLB cartridge. 

Results 

Under the selected conditions, the limit of detection of the studied FQs were 5 – 10 ng mL -1 . 

The calibration curves were linear (r 2 >0.9) over the concentration range of 0.05-10 µg mL -1 . The 

relative standard deviation(RSD) of the method are in the range 2.0-14.6%. The method involved a 

single SPE on HLB cartridge for pretreatment followed by the analysis by HPLC. The 

preconcentration factor of 10 was obtained. 

Conclusions 

The RP-HPLC condition for separation of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics was optimized. 

The studied compounds were separated within 15 min. Pretreatment of the analytes was performed 

using SPE before chromatographic analysis. 

Keywords: fluoroquinolone antibiotics, solid phase extraction(SPE), HPLC 

References : 

1. Marazuela, M.D.; Bogialli, S. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, 645, 5–17. 

2. Haruhiko, N.; Kurunthachalam, K.; Paul, D.; John, P. Chemosphere, 2005, 58, 759–766. 

Nithachcha Phonkeng (นิทัชชา พลเกง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: fluoroquinolone antibiotics, sample preparation, chromatography

S1-P59 

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Fruits by 

Cloud-Point Extraction Followed by HPLC-DAD 

Ketsarin Seebunrueng, a Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit b and Supalax Srijaranai a 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khon Kaen Campus, 



Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are registered for agriculture use. The increasing use of OP 

pesticides poses a risk to aquatic system and further becomes a potential hazard to human health. 

Thus, the development of sensitive and selective analytical methods for the determination of pesticide 

residues in samples to ensure the food and environmental safety is very important. The aim of this 

study is to develop cloud-point extraction followed by HPLC-DAD for the simultaneous separation 

and analysis of six organophosphorus pesticides. 

Methods 

The optimum conditions for HPLC were studied. The surfactants used as extractants were 

sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and trimethyl tetradecyl ammonium bromide (TTAB).The parameters 

affecting the extraction were investigated including concentration of surfactants, electrolyte salts and 

centrifugation time. 

Results 

The proposed method showed good analytical performance, such as wide linearity (0.01-7 mg/L), 

low limit of detection (0.001 – 0.01 mg/L), high precision (RSD

S1-P60 

On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction Using Sequential Injection 

Bead Injection Lab-On-Valve and HPLC for 

Determination of Carbamate Insecticides 

Jitlada Vichapong, a Supalax Srijaranai, a Kate Grudpan b and Rodjana Burakham a 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


In Thailand, carbamates are increasingly used for protection of a large variety of crops, such as 

rice, fruits and vegetables. Therefore, a simple, convenient, sensitive and reliable method for analyzing the 

carbamate residues in the samples is required. An on-line preconcentration system based on sequential 

injection (SI) prior to chromatographic analysis was investigated. The objective of the present work 

was the development and validation of sequential injection-bead injection lab-on-valve (SI-BI-LOV) 

system for on-line preconcentration of carbamate insecticides prior to chromatographic analysis. 

Methods 

The developed on-line preconcentration system based on SI-BI-LOV-HPLC was used for 

determination of carbamate insecticides in real samples. A renewable microcolumn (µ-column) 

incorporated within the LOV system was investigated using LiChroprep® RP-18 (25-40 µm) as a 

packing sorbent. The analytes sorbed by the µ-column were eluted using 80% acetonitrile in 0.1% 

acetic acid before introducing to HPLC system. HPLC separations were performed on a reversed 

phase Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 150 cm, 5 μm), a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 

0.1% acetic acid, flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 and detection wavelength at 270 nm. 

Results 

The proposed method showed good analytical performance, such as wide linearity (5-12000 

µg/L), low limit of detection (1 – 20 µg/L), high precision (RSD

S1-P61 

Sample Preparation and Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticides 

Using Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

Niyom Wongsa and Rodjana Burakham 




Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides that have been designed and optimized base on 

the structures of the pyrethrins. Synthetic pyrethroids are widely used, for example, in agriculture on a 

variety of fruits and vegetables, to protect stored commodities, and to control household, industry, 

greenhouse, and veterinary pests. The toxicity of pyrethroids have been linked to the disruption of the 

endocrine system, which can adversely affect reproduction interfere with the immune system and 

increase the chances of breast cancer. The present study aimed to optimize the HPLC condition for 

separation of six pyrethroid insecticides. The modified QuEChERS and solid phase extraction (SPE) 

method were used as sample pretreatment procedures. 

Methods 

The separation was performed on an Atlantis C 18 column (4.6 150 mm, 5 µm) using an 

isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile : water (75 : 25 % v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 and UV 

detection at 225 nm. The fruit and vegetable were grinded and 25 g of sample was placed into conical 

tube. After addition of 25 mL acetonitrile, the mixture was shaked for 1 h and 10 g MgSO 4 was added 

and centrifuged for 10 min. Supernatant was filtered and transferred the filtrate to SPE cartridge. 

Results 

A baseline separation of the studied pyrethroids was achieved within 25 min. The proposed 

procedure provided good analytical performance with wide linearity range (R 2 > 0.99) up to 0.5 µg 

mL -1 and the limit of detection 0.1 – 25 ng mL -1 . The relative standard deviations (RSD) were less 

than 3% and 18% for retention time and peak area, respectively. The applicability of the method was 

successfully investigated for the determination of pyrethroids in fruit and vegetable samples. Mean 

recoveries ranged from 80 to 117% were obtained. 

Conclusions 

The HPLC condition for separation of six pyrethroid insecticides was optimized. The studied 

pyrethroids was separated within 25 min. Extraction of the analytes was performed using modified 

QuEChERS followed by SPE before chromatographic analysis. The method was applied to determine 

the pyrethroid in fruit and vegetable samples. 

Keywords: pyrethroid insecticides, QuEChERS, solid phase extraction (SPE) 


1. Fanggui, Y.; Zenghong, X.; Xiaoping, W.; Xucong L. Talanta, 2006, 69, 97-102. 

2. Martínez Galera, M.; Gil García, M. D.; Santiago Valverde, R. J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1113, 191-197. 

Niyom Wongsa (นิยม วงศา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: pyrethroid insecticides, chromatography, sample preparation

S1-P62 

Comparison of Two Extraction Methods for Determination of 

Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid and Salicylic Acid in Some Dried Fruits 

by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 

Suwarunee Kaeokhongsuk, Suthon Chuaygud and Marisa Intawongse 


Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat- Nasan Rd, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand. 


Some chemicals are used as food preservatives in order to cease the growth of microorganisms. 

However, they might be toxic or hazardous if their amounts are over the tolerant doses. Benzoic acid, 

sorbic acid and salicylic acid are commonly used in order to preserve food products. 

The aims of this study are to compare two extraction methods which are ultrasonic extraction and 

solvent extraction and to analyze benzoic acid, sorbic acid and salicylic acid in dried fruits by HPLC 

technique. 

Methods 

The extraction was carried out using ultrasonic disintegrator and solvent extraction under the 

optimized conditions. HPLC–based analysis was performed to determine the analyte content 

according to the optimum operating condition as followed; column ODS-3 or C 18 size 4.6 150 mm, 

0.005M acetate buffer (pH 4.5-4.6) : methanol at the ratio of 65 : 35 as mobile phase, flow rate at 1.0 

mL per minute and UV detector at 235 nm. 

Results 

The maximum content of salicylic acid was obtained using ultrasonic disintegrator method. 

Alternatively, extracting benzoic acid at maximum was achieved when solvent extraction was 

employed. 

Conclusion 

The comparison of two sample extraction methods for analysis of food additives including 

benzoic acid, sorbic acid and salicylic acid by HPLC is described. Steps focus on sample extractions 

and optimization of HPLC chromatographic conditions and standardization. Dried fruit extracts 

containing the target food additives were obtained from two different extractions i.e. ultrasonic 

disintegration and solvent extraction method. These methods offer different efficiency for sample 

extracts. The concentration of benzoic acid in a sample extract from both extraction methods did 

exceed according to the allowance in food (

S1-P63 

Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterization of 

Macromolecules in Pineapple Juices 

Kawaleen Thuamklang, Juwadee Shiowatana and Atitaya Siripinyanond 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, MahidolUniversity, 

Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400,Thailand. 


Thailand has become a major exporter of pineapple. As pineapple is considered perishable fruit, 

the issue of pineapple stability is of great concern. Inactivation of the enzyme, polyphenoloxidase 

(PPO), can help prolong the stability of pineapple juices. Thermal treatment of pineapple juices up 

to 70-90°C can destroy the catalytic activity of PPO. Therefore, the objective for this work was to 

characterize molecular weight of macromolecules in pineapple juices using flow field-flow 

fractionation. 

Methods 

In this work, flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) was applied to characterize molecular weight 

(MW) of macromolecules in fresh pineapple juices and thermal treatment pineapple juices at 50, 70, 

and 90°C. The cross flow rate and channel flow rate at 2.5 and 1 mLmin −1 were used. The carrier 

liquid was Tris buffer pH 8.05. A regenerated cellulose acetate membrane was used. 

Results 

For fresh pineapple juice, two prominent bands were observed at molecular weight ranging 

from 3-36 kDa, and 80-900 kDa. The first band might be assigned to PPO, which was earlier 

reported by other investigators to have MW of 25 kDa. The effects of temperature and storage time 

on the changes in molecular weight distribution of macromolecules in pineapple juices were 

examined. Upon thermal treatment at 50, 70, and 90°C, the peak at MW ranging from 3-36 kDa 

gradually decreased with increasing treatment time. With higher temperature, the peak decreased 

more rapidly. 

Conclusion 

These findings suggested that PPO was destroyed upon heat treatment. This study demonstrates 

the applicability of FlFFF for molecular weight characterization of macromolecules in pineapple 

juices and for observation of changes in the distribution profile upon heat treatment. 

Keywords: polyphenoloxidase, pineapple, flow field-flow fractionation 


1. Chutintrasri, B.; Noomhorm, A. LWT, 2006, 39, 492–495. 

2. Rattanathanalerk, M.; Chiewchan, N.; Srichumpoung, W. J. Food Eng., 2005, 66, 259-265. 

Kawaleen Thuamklang (เกวลีน ทวมกลาง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Nakhonratchasima, Thailand 


Research field: analytical method devolopment

S1-P64 

Field-Flow Fractionation for Investigation of 

Protein-Nanoparticles Association 

Panida Wimuktiwan, Juwadee Shiowatana and Atitaya Siripinyanond 



Introduction and Objectieve 

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are already in use in numerous consumer products including 

textiles, personal care products, laundry additives, home appliances, and even food supplements. Once 

entered into human body, these nanoparticles may interact with plasma proteins. The objective of this 

work was to develop field-flow fractionation (FFF) method for investigation of protein-nanoparticles 

association. 

Methods 

Silver nanoparticles of 0, 10, 30 and 50 mg L -1 were incubated with bovine serum albumin of 

2,000 mg L -1 at 37 C for 5 min to 4 h, and then introduced into FFF for characterization. The FFF 

system was a PN-1201-FO model (Postnova Analytics, Landsberg, Germany). The carrier liquid was 

Tris-HCl diluted in deionized water and adjusted to pH 9.1. A1-kDa regenerated cellulose membrane 

(Postnova) was used. The channel flow rate and the cross flow rate fixed at 1.0 and 2.0 mLmin −1 were 

delivered by HPLC pumps. After fractionation, the effluent was directed through a UVdetector and 

the detector was set at 280 nm for detection of the bovine serum albumin. Fractions were collected for 

off-line determination of silver by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). 

Results 

With the selected FFF operating condition, bovine serum albumin was well separated from void 

fraction as illustrated in Figure 1. 

Figure 1 Fractogram of bovine serum albumin of 2000 mg L -1 . 

Conclusion 

Field-flow fractionation technique is a powerful tool for size characterization of proteinnanoparticles 

association. The regenerated cellulose membrane, Tris-HCl pH 9.1, cross flow and 

carrier flow rates of 2.0 and 1.0 mL/min were suitable operating condition for investigation of proteinnanoparticles 

association. 

Keywords: silver nanoparticles, bovine serum albumin, protein-nanoparticles association 


1. Deng, Z. J.; Mortimer, G.; Schiller, T.; Musumeci, A.; Martin, D.; Minchin, R. F. Nanotechnology, 2009, 

53, 1079-1082. 

Panida Wimuktiwan (พนิดา วิมุกติวรรณ) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P65 

Application of Field-Flow Fractionation for 

Sub-Micrometer Particles 

Rabiab Suwanpetch, Juwadee Shiowatana and Atitaya Siripinyanond 




Sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) is a power tool for separation and characterization 

of particles in the range of 50 nm-100 m in diameter. In this study, SdFFF was employed to 

characterize size and size distribution of sub-micrometer particles. 

Methods 

The polystyrene latex particles standards were used to calibrate the SdFFF channel. The SdFFF 

channel was 0.0254 thick, 89.5 cm long, and 2 cm wide, with the rotor radius of 15.1 cm. The channel 

void volume was measured to be approximately 4.5 mL. The elution of particles was monitored by a 

UV detector set at 254 nm. A 0.02 % w/v FL-70 was used as a carrier liquid. SdFFF was then applied 

to examine particle distribution of colloids in sub-micrometer size. 

Results 

The SdFFF condition was as follows: initial field strength hold time 8 min, field decay parameter 

-64, final field strength 50 rpm and the channel flow rate was constant at 0.5 mL min -1 . The particle 

size distributions obtained from various experimental conditions were all similar suggesting that 

SdFFF was efficient and provides reliable particle size information. 

Conclusion 

This study has demonstrated the applicability of SdFFF for sub-micrometer particles applications. 

Keywords: sedimentation field-flow fractionation, sub-micrometer particles 


 

1. Tiede, K.; Boxall, A.B.A.; Tear, S.P.; Lewis, J.; David, H., Hassellov, M. Food Addit. Contam., 2008, 25, 

795-821. 

2. Moon, M.H., in Field-Flow Fractionation Handbook, edited by Schimpf, M.; Caldwell, K.; Giddings, J.C. 

Wiley, New York, 2000, pp. 225–237. 

Rabiab Suwanpetch (ระเบียบ สุวรรณเพ็ชร)Ph.D. Student 


Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. in Education. 2002 



S1-P66 

Possibility of Purifying the Spermatogenic Cells in Rat Using 

Gravitational Split-Flow Thin Cell Fractionation 

Nanthiya Paothong, a Waret Veerasai, a Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, b Chaitip Wanichanon, b 

Ronald Beckett c and Nongnuch Sungayuth a,d 



b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

c Water Studies Center, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. 

d Mahidol University at Kanchanaburi Campus, 199 Lumsum Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand. 


The Gravitational split-flow thin cell (GrSPLITT) fractionation is a gentle separation technique that 

should be used to separate spermatogenic cells into three stages: (1) spermatogonia, (2) round spermatid 

and (3) elongate spermatid and spermatozoa. The different stages of the spermatogenic cells present the 

different density and size. In this work, the potential and the efficiency of the Full Feed depletion (FFD) 

mode and the transport (TS) mode of the GrSPLITT system were compared for fractionation of rat’s 

spermatogenic cells based on their settling velocity in each cell. 

Methods 

(a) 


Gravity 

Peristaltic pump 3 

(b) 

Suspension of rat spermatogenic cells 

( < 30 µm) 

1 st Step, U= 9.81 mm/hr 


* 

Inlet a 

׳ Inlet b ׳ Cutoff diameter 

(dc) 

Outlet a 

Outlet b 

Fraction > dc 

Fraction ≤ dc 

dc > 10 µm 

Spermatogonia cells 

(1 st fraction) 

dc 6-10 µm 

Round spermatids 

(2 nd fraction) 

dc 10 µm 

Round and Elongate 

spermatids & Spermatozoa 

2 nd Step, U = 7.06 mm/hr 

dc 6 µm 

Elongate spermatids 

&Spermatozoa 

(3 rd fraction) 

Figure1. The TS-GrSPLITT system (a) and the two separation steps (b) for two different settling velocity (U): 

(1) 9.81 mm/hr and (2) 7.06 mm/hr. The three fractions of spermatogonia U=21.17 mm/hr, round spermatids 

U=11.09 mm/hr, and elongate spermatids & spermatozoa U=6.52 mm/hr were obtain. *For the FFD-GrSPLITT 

system is no the inlet b'. 

Results 

All fractions obtained from fractionated by TS-GrSPLITT and FFD-GrSPLITT technique were imaged 

and sized for plot size distribution curve. The separation of was gained the percentage of recovery and 

purity of TS-GrSPLITT in range 63.89±10.26 - 87.97±5.56 and 65.24±3.23 - 83.47 ±5.96, and FFD- 

GrSPLITT is 55.13±12.09 - 87.85±3.62 and 35.53±4.13 - 87.93±3.47 respectively. 

Conclusion 

The potential of the TS-GrSPLITT fractionation is more possible than the FFD-GrSPLITT for 

separating the rat’s spermatogenic cells. However, the efficiency of the TS-GrSPLITT system should be 

optimized by variation of the flow rate ratios of the two inlets and the two outlets later. 

Keywords: GrSPLITT fractionation, settling velocity, spermatogenic cell 


1. Marvin, L.M.; Patricia, K.T-W.; Maria, E.A.B.V.B. Biol. Reprod. 1994, 51, 334-344. 

2. Tantidanai, N.; Veerasai, W.; Beckett, R. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2006, 41, 3003-3025. 

3. Contado, C.; Dondi, F.; Beckett, R.; Giddings, J.C. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1997, 345, 99-110. 

Nanthiya Paothong (นันทิยา เปาทอง) M.Sc. Student 





S1-P67 

Determination of Iron Using 

1,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one as Reagent 

Kraivinee Pragourpun, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 




Iron is widely distributed in nature and is one of the most important elements for human plants 

and animal. Iron deficiency is a serious health problem affecting a large proportion of the world is 

population. Iron deficiency anemia, is reported to have a higher overall cost to society than other 

disease. In contrast, iron- overloaded give the skin a bronze color, as well as damaging the liver and 

other organs. There are several reagent used for the determination of iron is based on 

spectrophotometric detection such as 1,10-phenanthroline, ferrozine, thiocyanate. 1,2-dimethyl-3- 

hydroxypyrid-4-one is one of a reagent that formed a color complex with Fe (III) and gives a strong 

absorption signal. Therefore the aim of this work is to determine iron using 1,2-dimethyl-3- 

hydroxypyrid-4-one as reagent. 

Methods 

The maximum absorption signal of Fe (III), 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one and the complex 

compound forming between Fe (III) and 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one buffered pH in the 

ranges of 3.0 to 9.0 had been investigated by scanning wavelength in the range from 200 to 800 nm 

using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lamda25, USA). The effect of pH on the absorption 

signal of Fe (III) - 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one was also studied by varying pH of the solution 

in the range of 3.0 to 9.0. 

Results 

The maximum absorption wavelength of Fe (III) - 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one complex 

was 460 nm while 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one and Fe (III) was absorbed at the maximum 

wavelength at 250 nm. The pH of 7.5 provided the highest absorption signal of Fe (III) - 1,2- 

dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one complex. The proposed method might be applied to the determination 

of iron in natural water samples. The application of this reagent for determining iron in sample is 

under investigation. 

Conclusions 

In summary, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one can be used as the complexing agent for analysis 

of iron with the maximum absorption signal at 460 nm. The suitable pH for forming iron (III)-1, 2- 

dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one complex was found to be 7.5. 

Keywords: 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, iron 


1. Li, Z.; Ma, H.; Lu, H.; Tao, G. Talanta, 2008, 74, 788-792. 

2. Li, Q.; Sritharathikhum, P.; Oshima, M.; Motomizu, S. Analytica. Chimica. 2008, 612, 165-172. 

3. Al-Kinde, S-M.Z.; Al-Bulushi, S-T.; Suliman, F-E.O. Spectrochim. Acta Part A. 2008, 71, 676-681. 

Kraivinee Pragourpun (ไกรวิณี ประเกาพันธ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Roi-Et, Thailand 



S1-P68 

Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of 

Vitamin B 12 Using Nitroso-R-salt 

Nongkran Duangsin, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 


University 44150, Thailand. 


Vitamin B 12 , also known as cyanocobalamin is a water soluble vitamin. It is commonly found in 

foodstuff such as liver, kidney, egg yolk but is not found in vegetable. B 12 is important for the 

functional of nervous system, build red blood cells and especially affecting DNA synthesis. In this 

work, a spectrophotometric method is proposed for determination of vitamin B 12 based on reaction 

between Co (II) containing vitaminB 12 with nitroso-R-salt (NTR). 

Methods 

Vitamin B 12 had been determined based on measurement absorption signal of Co (II)-nitroso-Rsalt 

complex by spectrophotometric method. The maximum wavelength of the complex forming 

between 1.0 mg l -1 Co (II) and 0.1 % w/v nitroso-R-salt was scanned over the range of 200-800 nm 

using a Uv-vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer instrument, USA). The optimization conditions for 

determination of vitamin B 12 such as concentration of nitroso-R-salt, type of buffer and pH was also 

studied to obtain the highest absorption signal. 

Results 

The absorption signal of Co (II) -nitroso-R-salt complex were scanned for the maximum 

absorption wavelength, it was found that the maximum absorption wavelength found to be 551.90 nm. 

The optimum parameters studied for determined vitamin B 12, it was found that concentration of 

nitroso-R-salt optimum value is 0.01 %w/v, acetate buffer (pH 4.0) was selected and used as the 

suitable buffer. 

Conclusion 

In summary, the reaction of Co (II) in vitamin B 12 and nitroso-R-salt provided Co (II)-nitroso-Rsalt 

complex with the maximum absorption wavelength of 551.90 nm. Vitamin B 12 might be analyzed 

using this reaction. The result of the other studied parameter is under investigated. 

Keywords: spectrophotometric, nitroso-R-salt, vitamin B 12 


1. Ghasemi, J.; Shahabadi, N.; Seraji, H. R, Anal Chim Acta, 2004, 510, 121-126. 

2. Jadhav, S. B.; Utekar, S. S.; Kulkarni, A. J.; Varadarajan, A. Talanta, 1998, 46, 1425-1432. 

Nongkran Duangsin (นงคราญ ดวงสิน) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P69 

Application of UV-Digestion for the Determination 

of Orthophosphate in Natural Rubber Latex 

Benyanan Panwong and Prinya Masawat 

Department of Chemistry Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 



The content of total phosphorus in natural rubber is an important index to evaluate the quality of 

rubber products in rubber industry. In this work, organic and biological matrices in rubber latex were 

decomposed by UV-digestion method before orthophosphate determination using molybdenum blue 

spectrophotometric method. 

Methods 

First, the rubber latex containing orthophosphate standard was taken in a test tube. Then, an 

oxidizing reagent was added successively. The solution mixture was digested by UV radiation in UVdigestion 

unit. Finally, the orthophosphate was determined by the molybdenum blue 

spectrophotometric method. The optimize condition such as time of digestion and type of oxidizing 

reagent were studied. 

Results 

The rubber latex is clear solution after UV digestion for 15 min and using ammonium 

peroxodisulfate as the oxidizing reagent. The reaction of orthophosphate ion with molybdenum blue 

reagent results in a blue color complex. 

Conclusion 

In preliminary study, UV-digestion unit could be used to decompose organic and biological 

matrix in natural rubber latex before using molybdenum blue spectrophotometric method to 

determined orthophosphate. 

Keywords: UV-digestion, molybdenum blue, orthophosphate, natural rubber latex 


1. Tzanavaras, P.D.; Themelis, D.G. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2003, 481, 321-326. 

2. Chuan-Xiao, Y.; Xiang-Ying, S.; Bin, L.; Hui-Ting, L. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2007, 35(6), 850-853. 

Benyanan Panwong (เบญญานันท พันธวงศ) M.Sc. student 

b 1988 in Phayao, Thailand 



S1-P70 

Determination of Copper Contents in Natural Rubber Latex by 

Visible Spectrophotometry 

Khwannapha Rattanadaecha, a Supunnee Duangthong, a Phuchong Worarattananurak a and 

Wilairat Cheewasedtham b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand. 


This research was focused on copper determination in natural rubber (NR) latex. Copper content 

is one of factors which affect on latex property. It acts as the oxidation catalyst in the rubber. The 

simple method for copper determination is based on complex formation between Cu 2+ and zinc diethyl 

dithiocarbamate (ZDEC), and then detected by visible spectrophotometry at 435 nm. This work aim to 

investigate the optimum conditions of the system and to estimate the analytical performance. 

Methods 

To enhance the efficiency of the digestion, the parameters namely type of acid, temperature and 

the weight of NR latex sample were optimized. In addition, the copper extraction was studied. 

According to the optimization, it was found that the mixture of conc. H 2 SO 4 and conc.HNO 3 was 

chosen to digest NR latex of 1 g at 180 o C. The solution of 200 ppm ZDEC was used as complexing 

agent. 

Results 

Under optimum conditions, the results show the linearity in the range of 0.4-4.0 ppm. LOD and 

LOQ of the system were 0.0025 and 0.0083 ppm, respectively. The % RSD was 1.0-7.9%. 

Conclusion 

The optimum conditions will be applied for the determination of copper in NR latex samples. 

Keywords: natural rubber latex, copper, zinc diethyldithiocarbamate, spectrophotometry 


1. Scott, D.J.; Da Costa, B.M.T.; Espy, S.C.; Keasling, J.D.; Cornish, K. Phytochem., 2003, 64, 123-134. 

2. Lobinska, J. S.; Trojanowicz, M. Anal. Sci., 1990, 6, 415-419. 

Khwannapha Rattanadaecha (ขวัญนภา รัตนเดชา) M.Sc. Student 

b, 1986 in Songkhla, Thailand 


Research field: sample preparation, spectrophotometry

S1-P71 

Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Phosphate 

in Concentrated Latex 

Janyaporn Sirikarn, a Wilairat Cheewasedtham b and Thitima Rujiralai a 





Too high concentration of phosphate (PO 4 3- ) is found to cause destabilization of concentrated 

latex. The addition of PO 4 3- in the form of diammonium phosphate (DAP) to remove magnesium 

could adversely affect the stability of concentrated latex. The objective of this study is to determine 

phosphate ions in the concentrated latex by spectrophotometric method. 

Methods 

The method for determination of phosphate in concentrated latex is based on the blue 

complexation which is then analyzed by Visible spectrophotometry. 

Results 

The standard calibration was linear in the concentration range of 0.05 – 1.00 mg L -1 . LOD and 

LOQ were 0.08 and 0.30 mg L -1 , respectively. The recovery was found to be in the good range at 

90.4% ± 2.8 for the spiked concentration of phosphate at 0.5 mg L -1 . The method was then applied for 

the determination of phosphate in concentrated latex. 

Conclusion 

The sample preparation and the spectrophotometric method developed were found to be a very 

simple but accurate and reliable method for the determination of phosphate in concentrated latex. 

Keywords: phosphate, magnesium, concentrated latex 


1. Mahadevaiah, Y.; Kumar, M. S.; Abdul G. M. S.; Surseha, M. S.; Sathish, M. A., Nagendrappa, G. E-J. 

Chem., 2007, 4, 467-473. 

2. Karunanayake, L.; Priyanthi, P. G. M. J. Appl. Pol. Sci., 2005, 99, 3120-3124. 

Janyaporn Sirikarn (จรรยาภรณ ศิริกาญจน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Suratthani, Thailand 


Research field: trace analysis

S1-P72 

Digital Image-based Colorimetry for Protein Assay in 

Natural Rubber 

Nontawat Bang-iam and Prinya Masawat 




Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is a processed plant product of the commercial rubber tree 

Hevea brasiliensis. It contains variable amounts of water-soluble proteins that can be recognized as 

allergens by the human immune system. In this work, a digital camera was modified as a detector for 

protein assay in natural rubber based on digital image-based colorimetry (DIC) which used RGB data 

(Red Green Blue basic color). 

Methods 

In preliminary study, the DIC light box was designed to attain more homogeneous illumination 

and applied to determine protein in natural rubber latex sample. First, a complex of a colloidal protein 

in natural rubber latex samples with copper salts in the biuret reagent in sample cuvette was set into 

the DIC light box then the resultant was photographed by digital image-based colorimetry. Finally, 

the data was analyzed by a written program. 

Results 

The reaction of protein with biuret reagent results in a purple color complex in basic media. With 

increasing concentration of protein (bovine serum albumin), the colors of the solution are increased, 

but the RGB values of digital imaging are decreased. Therefore, the slope of the calibration graph is 

negative. 

Conclusion 

The digital camera was used as a detector and it was demonstrated for meaning of RGB data for 

analytical quantitative determinations. A program for color analysis is now under copyright. 

Keywords: digital image-based colorimetry, protein assay, natural rubber 


1. Maleki, N.; Safavi, A.; Sedaghatpour, F, Talanta, 2004, 64, 830-835. 

2. Suzuki, Y.; Endo, M.; Jin, J.; Iwase, K.; Iwatsuki, M, I. Anal. Sci., 2006, 22, 411-414. 

3. Chuan-Xiao, Y.; Xiang-Ying, S.; Bin, L.; Hui-Ting, L, Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 2007, 35(6), 850-853. 

Nontawat Bang-iam (นนทวัฒน บางเอี่ยม) M.Sc. Student 




S1-P73 

A Green Analytical Chemistry for Determination of Curcuminoids 

Prapussorn wiengnon, Senee Kruanetr and Uthai Sakee 




Curcuminoids is found in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.), it consists of three 

main substances, curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin providing a bright 

orange-yellow color pigment. HPLC was used a common technique for determination of 

curcuminoids but it is complicated technique, expensive, time consumer, high reagents consumption 

and high chemical waste release. In the research, a green analysis of curcuminoids will be performed 

based on measurement of the absorption signal of the product forming between curcuminoids and 

sodium hydroxide. 

Methods 

The absorption spectra of the product forming between curcuminoidds 1 µg mL -1 and 0.8 mol L -1 

sodium hydroxide (NaOH) had been scanned over the range of 200-800 nm using a 

spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer instrument, USA). The effect of concentration of sodium hydroxide 

on the absorption signal of product had been studied by varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide 

in the range from 0.2-3.0 mol L -1 . The linearity range of quantitative analysis was studied over the 

range of 0.5-20.0 µg mL -1 curcuminoids. 

Results 

The absorption signal of the product from the reaction between 1 µg mL -1 and 0.8 mol L -1 NaOH. 

It can be seen that, the maximum absorption of the product found to be 468 nm. The effect of the 

concentration of sodium hydroxide on the absorption signal was investigated over the range of 0.2-3.0 

mol L -1 . It was found that, 0.8 mol L -1 NaOH was chosen as the optimum concentration in order to 

obtain the greatest precision. The linearity range of quantitative analysis was found in the range of 

0.5-20.0 µg mL -1 curcuminoids with a linear regression equation y = 0.0891x + 0.2089 (Correlative 

Coefficient ; r 2 = 0.9995). 

Conclusions 

In summary, the reaction between 1 µg mL -1 curcuminoids and 0.8 mol L -1 NaOH provided the 

maximum absorption wavelength at 468. The proposed method has proved to be a simple, economic 

technique low chemicals consumption and environmental friendly. 

Keywords: curcuminoids, turmeric, spectrophotometric 


1. Thonhchai, W.; Liawruangrath B.; Liawruangrath S. Food Chem., 2009, 112, 494-499. 

2. Paramasivam, M.; Poi, R.; Banerjee, H.; Bandyopadhyay, A. Food Chem., 2009, 113, 640-644. 

3. Péret-Almeida, L.; Cherubino, A.P.F.; Alves, R.J.; Dufossé, L.; Glória, M.B.A. Food Res. Int. 2005, 38, 

1039-1044. 

4. Sharma, R.A.; Gescher, A.J.; Steward, W.P. Eur. J. Cancer, 2005, 41, 1955-1968. 

Prapussorn Wiengnon (ประภัสสร เวียงนนท) M.Sc. Student 


Maejo University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 2007 


S1-P74 

Screening Method for Determination of Nitrosamines in Baby Nipples 

Sujanya Jitlang, a Wilairat Cheewasedtham b and Thitima Rujiralai a 





N-nitrosamine compounds exhibit mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic activities in animal 

test and may endanger human health owing to their toxicity. Nitrosamine formation occurs during the 

vulcanization, storage and subsequent treatment of rubber products. The objective of this work is to 

optimize conditions for screening of nitrosamines in baby nipples by using visible spectrophotometry. 

Methods 

The denitrosation in an acidic solution was used for nitrosamines conversion to nitrite which is 

then derivatised with Griess reagents to obtain the purple complexation. The complexation was 

detected with visible spectrophotometry at 545 nm. Experimental parameters such as time and 

temperature of nitrosamine conversion and concentration of hydrobromic acid and sulfanilamide were 

studied. 

Results 

The results showed that nitrosamine conversion increased at low temperature for 30 min. The 

optimize conditions obtained were 1% of hydrobromic acid and 1% of sulfanilamide. 

Conclusion 

The optimized spectrophotometric method provides simple and rapid screening of nitrosamines 

and will be applied to determine nitrosamines in baby nipples. 

Keywords: N-nitrosamines, baby nipple, denitrosation, nitrite 


1. Jurado-Sánchez, B.; Ballesteros, E.; Gallego, M. J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 66–73. 

2. Luque-Pérez, E.; Ríos, A.; Valcárcel, M. Anal. Chem., 2001, 371, 891–895. 

3. EN 12868, Child use and care articles; Methods for determining the release of N-nitrosamines and N- 

nitrosatable substances from elastomer or rubber teats and soothers, 1999. 

Sujanya Jitlang (สุจรรยา จิตรหลัง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: trace analysis

S1-P75 

Spectrofluorometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide 

Laksanaporn Sirimusika, a,b,c Chittanon Buranachai, a,d Proespichaya Kanatharana a,b,c Panote 

Thavarungkul, a,b,d and Chongdee Thammakhet a,b,c 







Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, textiles, biochemical 

and chemical industries. Since H 2 O 2 is toxic to cells and tissues, it is of great importance to detect 

H 2 O 2 in environment. Several detection methods have been proposed including oxidation–reduction 

titrimetry, chemiluminescence, spectophotometry and electrochemical approaches. However, some 

methods are quite complicate or not sensitive enough. Therefore, the objective of this study is to 

develop a sensitive and simple spectrofluorometric technique as an alternative method for H 2 O 2 

determination. 

Methods 

The method was based on a two-step reaction; the first is the redox reaction between potassium 

iodide (KI) and H 2 O 2 . The second is the iodination reaction between iodine (I 2 ), produced by the 

first step, and fluorescein dye resulting in fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the reaction of 

fluorescence intensity depends on H 2 O 2 concentration. The amount of quenching is presented in the 

term of % fluorescence intensity change = (F 0 −F)/ F 0 × 100, where F 0 and F are the fluorescence 

intensities before and after adding H 2 O 2 . The parameters for determination of H 2 O 2 , such as 

excitation and emission wavelengths of fluorescein dye and the incubation time were evaluated. 

Method performance i.e. linear dynamic range, limit of detection were also studied. 

Results 

The optimum excitation and emission wavelengths were 482 and 513 nm, respectively. The 

linear dynamic range from 10 M to 50 M of H 2 O 2 ( y = (0.84 0.04 ) x – (2 1), R 2 = 0.992) with 

the limit of detection of 10 M were obtained. 

Conclusion 

The proposed method is useful for H 2 O 2 determination because it is a simple technique. Eventhough 

it required 30 minutes incubation time, high throughput screening capability can be achieved 

with good experimental planning. 

Keywords: hydrogen peroxide, spectrofluorometric, fluorescein 


1. Abbas M.E., Luo, W., Zhu, L., Zou, J., Tang, H. Food Chem., 2010, 120, 327–331. 

2. Luo, F., Yin, J., Gao, F., Wang, L. Microchim Acta , 2009, 165, 23–28. 

3. Nakahara, R., Kashitani, S., Hayakawa, K., Kitani, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Fujita, Y. J Fluoresc , 2009, 19, 

769–775. 

Laksanaporn Sirimusika (ลักษณากรณ ศิริมุสิกะ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1982 in Phatthalung, Thailand 

Ratjaphat Yala University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 


S1-P76 

Some Chemometrics Approaches for the Assay of Each Component 

in Ternary Mixture 

Rapeephan Thilanan, a Karuna Jainontee, b Vannajan Shanghiran Lee, b Sukon Prasitwattanaseree c and 

Kate Grudpan b 

a 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai 


b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c 

Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 


Analysis of each analyte in a complex sample may lead to complicate and tedious procedures. 

Separation and selective reagents for each analyte would be required. Recently, chemometrics, which 

involves the uses of mathematics and statistics has been applied to chemical analysis in various ways. 

This presentation will demonstrate the uses of chemometrics to the assay of each component in a 

ternary mixture 

Method 

A mixture of 3 compounds, namely, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid and caffein was chosen to 

be a model. Spectra of each component and mixtures of the compounds were recorded. Absorbance of 

the compounds were treated with some chemometrics approaches to predicted the contents of each 

component in mixtures. 

Results 

The prediction using the chemometrics, namely Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Partial Least 

Square Regression (PLS) and Principle Component Regression (PCR) can be applied with the results 

of different accuracies. Discussion will be made specifically to the conditions studied. 

Conclusion 

By applying chemometrics, estimation of each component in a ternary mixture could be done 

without complicate chemical procedure. 

Keywords: chemometrics, chemical analysis, MLR, PCR, PLS, ternary mixture 


1. Keser Karaoglan, G.; Gumrukcu, G.; Ustun Ozgur, M.; Bozdogan, A.; Asci, B. Anal. Lett., 2007, 40, 1893-1903. 

2. Khoshayand, M.R.; Abdollahi, H.; Shariatpanahi, M.; Saadatfard, A.; Mohammadi, A. Spectrochim. Acta 

Part A 2008, 70, 491-499. 

Rapeephan Thilanan (ระพีพรรณ ฐิลานันท) M.Sc. Student 



Reseach field: analytical chemistry

S1-P77 

Chemical Interactions Between -Carotene and Chitosan 

by Coagulation and Flocculation: A Study on 

Light Scattering Intensity and Infrared Spectrum 

Supalak Kongsri and Saksit Chanthai 




The chemical interaction is an importance in controlling the chemical structure of the carotene-chitosan 

complex for increasing their bioavailability and stability toward irradiation, reactive oxygen, and other radical 

species. It is essential for providing the pigment matrix with highly potential uses in food and pharmaceutical 

industries, guaranteeing the preservation of their antioxidant properties. Therefore, a study on the interactions 

between -carotene and chitosan substrate is carried out in details under various conditions by light scattering and 

infrared spectrometry. 

Methods 

A stock solution of 5,000 mg/L chitosan (Sigma, Japan) was prepared by dissolving in 2%(v/v) acetic acid. 

Stock solution (20 mg/L) of -carotene (Fluka, USA) was prepared in ethanol. Acetate buffer solutions with pH 

3-6 were prepared. All of the solutions were filtered through a 0.45 m membrane filter before use. Some 

interaction parameters such as pH, ionic strength, concentration of chitosan and -carotene, surfactants, 

temperature and incubation time were investigated. FTIR spectrum of chitosan, -carotene and -carotenechitosan 

flocculant was recorded. 

Results 

From resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra, the maximum RLS intensity of the chitosan solution peaked 

at 475 nm, while that of -carotene was around 570 nm. For aggregation of -carotene-chitosan complex, there 

were three RLS peaks at 359, 470 and 540 nm. RLS intensity of the aggregate solution is much more 

pronounced higher than that of its individual components. Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the 

enhanced RLS intensity was found proportionally to the chitosan concentration in the range of 10-50 ppm. At 

pH 6 the RLS intensity of the solution reached its maximum at 540 nm. The RLS intensity of -carotenechitosan 

complex increased slightly with increasing NaCl up to 0.04 M. When comparing the FTIR spectra of 

chitosan and -carotene with that of -carotene-chitosan flocculant, there are characteristic peak at 1642 cm -1 

which decreases in its intensity and the presence of an intense peak at 1559 cm -1 indicating the obtained 

complex of -carotene and chitosan. 

Conclusion 

Under weak acidic conditions, the chitosan reacted with -carotene to form aggregated complex, resulted 

in enhanced RLS intensity. The hydrophobic molecule of -carotene can be induced with strong interactions to 

the polar functional groups in the chitosan substrate, mainly via electrostatic force, hydrophobic and/or iondipole 

attractions contributing to a possible binding mechanism of which will be help stabilizing the antioxidant 

property of the plant pigments. 

eywordsβ-carotene, chitosan, coagulation, flocculation, resonance light scattering, FTIR 


1. Guibal, E.; Roussy, J. React. Funct. Polym., 2007, 67, 33-42. 

2. Houbin, L.; Yumin, D.; Yongmei, X.; Huaiyu, Z. J. Carbohyd. Polym., 2004, 58, 205-214. 

Supalak Kongsri (สุภลักษณ คงศรี) Ph.D. Student 



King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2005 

Research field: plant pigments and/or selenium complexed with chitosan, nanoparticles

S1-P78 

Using Physical Property for Ore Dressing 

Kittitat Tanta, a Yootdanai Yodtongdee, a Ponlayuth Sooksamiti b and Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun a 


Amphur Maung, Chiang Mai, 50202, Thailand. 

b The Office of Primary Industries and Mines Region 3, Amphur Maung, Chiang Mai, 50202, Thailand. 


In northern region of Thailand, there are many iron ore mines. The mines produce only lowgrade 

ores and tailings. This research aims to investigate physical processes for upgrading the lowgrade 

ores. 

Methods 

A sample ores for dressing was ground using a grinding machine. The ground sample was 

processed to separate into different particle sizes via paramagnetic properties by applying magnetic 

field. 

Results 

The particle sizes of the ore samples can be separate into groups of 20, 48, and 65 mesh. It was 

found that ferro-magnetic minerals of concentrate iron ores in 20, 48, and 65 mesh size were 18, 19 

and 21 %; respectively. Strongly-magnetic mineral of concentrate iron ores in 20, 48, and 65 mesh 

size were found to be 69, 68 and 73 %; respectively; Moderately-magnetic mineral of concentrate iron 

ores in 20, 48, and 65 mesh size were 13, 12 and 6 %; respectively and Non-magnetic mineral of 

concentrate iron ores in 20, 48, and 65 mesh size were 0.1, 0.1 and 0.1 %; respectively. 

Conclusion 

Paramagnetic and non- magnetic fractions in ore samples could be separated. It was found that 

concentrated ore samples poss paramagnetic properties. Fractions due to ferro-magnetic, stronglymagnetic 

and moderately-magnetic are 18-21%, 68-73% and 6-13%, respectively. 

Keywords: ore dressing, iron ores 

Kittitat Tanta (กิตติทัต ทานทา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Nakonsawon, Thailand 

Kanchanaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 


S1-P79 

Production and Determination of Total Reducing Sugars from 

Cassava Stem by Hydrolysis with Diluted Sulfuric Acid 

Seri Mahavichad, Patiwat Chaiyamate and Chalerm Ruangviriyachai * 


123 Mittraphab Road, Khon Kaen, 40002,Thailand. 

*Corresponding author: chal_ru@kku.ac.th 


The cassava (Manihot esculenta) stems are left as agricultural biomass wastes. These are highly 

contained in cellulose. This offers a possibility to use cassava stem to produce substrates, a reducing 

sugars, for the bioethanol production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to study the 

conditions for reducing sugars production from cassava stems by an acid hydrolysis process. The 

optimum conditions of hydrolysis such as concentration of H 2 SO 4 , hydrolysis time (residence times) 

and ratio of sample: acid (in w/v) were also investigated. Finally, total reducing sugars (TRS) were 

determined by spectrophotometry. 

Methods 

The raw cassava stem were dried at 60 ๐ C for 48 h in a hot air oven. The dried sample was milled 

to reduce the size to approximately 500 m and then was hydrolyzed with 10 ml of dil.H 2 SO 4 in an 

autoclave at 121°C under pressure 15 psi to obtain TRS. The experiments were studied on three 

principal factors affecting reducing sugars production such as sulfuric acid concentration (0.05%- 

0.50%, v/v), sample: acid ratios (1.0%-10.0%, w/v) and residence time30, 60 and 90 min. The TRS 

yields were measured by spectrophotometry at wavelength 487 nm using phenol-sulfuric acid method. 

Results 

(A) 

(B) 

Fig.1. (A) Determination of TRS yielding from hydrolysis of cassava stem at various 

concentrations of dil.H 2 SO 4 and residence times. (B) The study of sample: acid ratios (in w/v) 

hydrolyzed with 0.4 % (v/v) sulfuric acid for 90 min. 

Conclusion 

The maximum amount of TRS under optimum conditions was 4.63 g/L of hydrolyzed sample by 

spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions of this production can be achieved by using 

hydrolysis of cassava stem with 0.4 % (v/v) sulfuric acid at 121°C under pressure 15 psi for 90 min. 

The ratio of sample: acid used was 10 % (w/v). 

Keywords: biomass waste, cassava stem, total reducing sugars, hydrolysis, dilute sulfuric acid 


1. Ballesteros, I.; Oliva, M.J.; Saez, F. Biochem. Eng. J., 2008, 42, 84–91. 

2. Dubois, M.; Gilles, K.A.; Hamilton, J.K.; Rebers, P.A.; Smith, F. Anal. Chem., 1956, 28, 350–356. 

Seri Mahavichad (เสรี มหาวิชัด) M.Sc. Student 


Rajabhat Institute Maha sarakham, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1998 

Research field: renewable energy, alternative energy

S1-P80 

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon 

from Oil Palm Shell 

Paijit Klubsri, Chutima Septhum and Suthon Chuaygud 


Suratthani Rajabhat University, Muang, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand. 


The most attractive material in southern of Thailand that can be used as a precursor for preparing 

activated carbons is oil palm shell waste. These waste has many distinctive advantages for activated 

carbon production. The aim of this work was to study the optimal condition for preparing the 

activated carbon from oil palm shell by potassium hydroxide (KOH). 

Methods 

The activated carbon was prepared from oil palm shell by heating with potassium hydroxide. The 

raw material was carbonized in an electrical furnace at 550 o C for 60 minute. In activation step, the 

materials and activation conditions were varied i.e. the char particle sizes (0.25-1.00, 1.00-2.20 and 

2.20-3.00 mm), char: KOH ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 w/w), activation time (30, 60, 90 and 120 minute), 

and activation temperature (600, 700, 800 and 900 o C). The optimal condition was determined by the 

iodine adsorption capacity (iodine number). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was 

carried out for the precursor and the prepared activated carbon to study their surface textures and the 

development of porosity. 

Results 

The experimental results showed the activated carbon which had the highest iodine number was 

obtained by condition as follows: 1.00-2.20 mm char particle sizes, 1:2 (w/w) char to KOH ratio, 

800 o C activation temperature, 60 minute activation time because iodine number decrease when higher 

than this condition. Large and well-developed pores were clearly fount on the surface of the activated 

carbon, compared to the original precursor. 

Conclusion 

Oil palm shell can be used as a precursor in the preparation of activated carbon. This study 

showed that the chemical activator, KOH has developed and created the high value of iodine number 

(1,265.78 mg/g). 

Keywords: activated carbon, palm oil shell, chemical activation, KOH 


1. Chuenklang, P.; Thungtong, S.; Vitidsant, T. J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. , 2002, 12, 29-38. 

2. Tan, I.A.W.; Ahmad, A.L.; Hameed, B.H. J. Desalination, 2008, 225, 13–28. 

Paijit Klubsri (ไพจิตร กลับศรี) M.Ed. Student 


Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2005 


S1-P81 

Extraction and Separation of Fulvic acid from Leonardite 

Kanitha Sangsorn, a Orn-anong Arquero a and Ponlayuth Sooksamiti b 



b Department of Primary Industry and Office Region 3, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Fulvic acid can be applied to neutralize toxic waste and improve soil work ability. The extraction 

and separation of fulvic acid from soil has been a challenging task for researchers. Separation of 

fulvic acid has not been easy because they are soluble in both alkaline and acidic solution and this 

fraction is obtained in an aqueous solution that usually contaminated with a large amount of salts. In 

this research work, the optimum conditions for extraction and separation by precipitation procedure 

has been studied. Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis was used to identify 

the compositions of the fulvic acid obtained. 

Methods 

Fulvic acid was extracted from leonardite obtained from Mae Moh Lignite Mine in Lampang 

province, by alkali extraction with sodium hydroxide solution. The supernatant was then separated 

into humic acid (precipitate) and fulvic acid fraction (supernatant) by acidifying the extract to pH 1. 

The fulvic acid was precipitated with aluminium chloride at pH 5 and separated on XAD-8 resin for 

adsorption procedure from crude fulvic acid.The fulvic acid samples were identified to confirm their 

compositions by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. 

Results 

The result showed that the greatest yield of crude fulvic acid (19.9%wt) was obtained when using 

0.1 M HNO 3 to precipitate the humic acid, while the lowest yield (15.3%wt) was obtained from 0.1 M 

HCl. The greatest yield (12.60%wt) of fulvic acid was obtained by precipitation procedure with 0.5 M 

AlCl 3 at pH 5. The yield of fulvic acid obtained from precipitation was higher than that from 

adsorption procedure on XAD-8. 

The FT-IR spectra of extracted fulvic acid indicated the presence of carboxylic group and some 

other functional groups such as hydroxyl and aromatic ring. 

Conclusion 

The fulvic acid from crude fulvic acid fraction was successfully recovered by precipitation 

procedure modified in this work. 

Keywords: leonardite, fulvic acid, Mae Moh Lignite Mine 


1. Syuntaro, H.; Takuya, Y.; Hiroshi, T. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 2007, 53, 413-419. 

2. Syuntaro, H.; Takuya, Y.; Hiroshi, T. Geoderma., 2006, 132, 196-205. 

3. Soumia, A.; Mohamed, H.; Georges, M.; Jean, C. R. Process Biochem., 2005, 40, 1693-1700. 

4. Krog, M.; Gron, C. Sci. Total Environ., 1995, 172, 159-162. 

Kanitha Sangsorn (กนิษฐา แสงศร) M.S. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Analytical Chemistry 

Research field: fulvic acid, humic substances and soil chemistry

S1-P82 

In Vitro Release and Characterization of PLGA Fiber 

as Dexamethasone Carrier 

Kwanchanok Wanawananon, a,b Simon E. Moulton, b Gordon G. Wallace b and Saisunee Liawruangrath a 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of 

Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. 


Biodegradable fibers for the controlled delivery of dexamethasone were developed. New 

Core-Shell structure fiber are prepared by wet-spinning technique. The two types of drug were 

entrapped. Theses fibers were characterized and study drug release profile. 

Methods 

Mono-component fibers were fabricated by solution of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and 

dexamethasone dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extruded into a coagulation bath of water and 

alginate solution. The core-shell biodegradable fiber loading drugs were developed with alginate shell 

and PLGA core. The two type of drugs, Dexamethasone and Dexamethasone-21-phosphate, were 

entrapped in core and shell, respectively. Drug release profile of each fiber was studied in PBS. 

Results 

The core-shell structure release profile shown less amount of drug was released. Alginate shell 

effectively reduced the effect of initial burst and improves mechanical properties. 

Conclusion 

PLGA fiber can be spun by wet-spinning method and can be used as an effective dexamethasone 

carrier. 

Keywords: core-shell, PLGA, wet-spinning, dexamethasone, controlled delivery 


1. Wang, W.; Zhou, S.; Sun, L.; Huang, C. Carbohyd. Polym., 2010, 79, 437-444. 

2. Mack, B.; Wright, K.; Davis, M. J. Control Release, 2009, 139, 205-211. 

3. Rodrigues, L.; Leite, H.; Yoshida, M.; Saliba, J. Int. J. Pharm., 2009, 368, 1-6. 

4. Wang, X.; Wenk, E.; Hu, X.; Castro, G.; Meinel, L.; Wang, X.; Li, C.; Merkle, H.; Kaplan, D. 

Biomaterials, 2007, 28 , 4161-4169. 

Kwanchanok Wanawananon (ขวัญชนก วนะวนานนท) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Chiangmai, Thailand 


Research field: flow-base analysis, drug release, and conducting polymer

Session S2 



(S2–P1 - S2–P165)

S2-P1 

Benzophenone, Chromone, Cyclohexene and Dibenzyl Ether Derivatives 

from the Mangrove-derived Fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. PSU-MA69 

Saranyoo Klaiklay, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit b and Jirayu Bautong b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat 

Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 



The secondary metabolites from the fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. were of interested, for example, 

anti-HIV pestaloficiols and cytotoxic benzofuranones. The fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. PSU-MA69 was 

isolated from a leaf of Rhizophora apiculata. Its ethyl acetate extract displayed antioxidant and anti- 

HIV I integrase activities with the IC 50 values of 0.59 mg/mL and 78 g/mL, respectively. Thus, we 

were interested in the isolation and structural elucidation of metabolites from this fungus. 

Methods 

The flask culture of the fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. PSU-MA69 was filtered to separate into the filtrate 

and wet mycelia. The filtrate was extracted three times with an equal volume of ethyl acetate. The crude 

ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 to give four 

fractions. Selected fractions were further purified by various chromatographic techniques. 

Results 

The investigation of the crude extract of this fungus led to the isolation of one new dibenzyl ether (1) 

and two new chromone derivatives (2 and 3) together with pestheic acid (4), methyl ester 3-hydroxy-2-[3- 

hydroxy-2-(methoxycarbonyl)-5-methylphenoxy]-5-methoxybenzoic acid (5), asperpentyn (6) and 

chloroisosulochrin (7). Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods and comparison of the 1 H 

and 13 C NMR data with those reported in the literatures. The relative configuration of 2 and 3 was assigned 

by NOEDIFF data as well as vicinal coupling constants. 

Conclusion 

Three new (1-3) together with four known (4-7) compounds were isolated from the fungus 

Pestalotiopsis sp. PSU-MA69. 

Keywords: Pestalotiopsis sp., mangrove-derived fungi, dibenzyl ethers, benzophenones, chromones 


1. Shimada, A.; Tekahashi, I.; Kawano, T.; Kimura, Y. Z. Naturforsch., 2001, 58b, 797-803. 

2. Muehlenfeld, A.; Achenbach, H. Phytochemistry, 1988, 27, 3853-3855. 

Saranyoo Klaiklay (ศรัณยู ใคลคลาย) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P2 

Benzopyranone, Xanthone and Anthraquinone Derivatives from 

the Sea Fan-derived Fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51 

Nanthaphong Khamthong, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit, b Sita Preedanon c and 

Jariya Sakayaroj c 




c National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 


There have been several reports on antibacterial metabolites isolated from fungi in the genus 

Penicillium such as rugulotrosins from Penicillium sp. and (−)-botryodiplodin from P. coalescens. 

The broth EtOAc extract from the sea fan-derived fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51 exhibited weak 

antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 

with an equal MIC value of 200 μg/mL, but it showed interesting 1 H NMR profile. Thus, we are 

interested in the isolation of secondary metabolites from the fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51. 

Methods 

The culture broth of the fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51 was extracted twice with an equal 

volume of EtOAc and then evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a brown gum extract. The 

extract was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20. Selected fractions were 

further purified by column chromatography and/or preparative thin-layer chromatography. 

Results 

The chemical investigation of the broth EtOAc extract from the fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51 

gave nine metabolites: three benzopyaranones, two new ones (1 and 2) together with coniochaetone A 

(3), four xanthones, methyl 8-hydroxy-6-methylxanthone-1-carboxylate (4), sydowinin A (5), pinselin 

(6) and conioxanthone A (7), and two anthraquinones, emodin (8) and ω-hydroxyemodin (9). The 

structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of two new 

benzopyranones (1 and 2) was identified by comparison of their specific rotations with that of 

coniochaetone B (10). 

Conclusion 

Two new benzopyranones (1 and 2) along with one known benzopyranone (3), four known 

xanthones (4-7) and two known anthraquinones (8 and 9) were isolated from the broth EtOAc extract 

of the fungus Penicillium sp. PSU-F51. 

Keywords: Penicillium sp., sea fan-derived fungus, benzopyranones, xanthones, anthraquinones 


1. Wang, H.-J.; Gloer, J. B.; Scott, J. A.; Malloch, D. Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 5847-5850. 

2. Lösgen, S.; Magull, J.; Barbara, S.; Draeger, S.; Zeeck, A. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2008, 698-703. 

Nanthaphong Khamthong (นันทพงศ ขําทอง) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P3 

Cytotoxic Lasiodiplodin Derivatives from the Fungus 

Syncephalastrum racemosum 

Mongkol Buayairaksa, a Somdej Kanokmedhakul, a Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul, a Chariya Hahnvajanawong b and 

Kasem Soytong c 

a Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty 

of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b Department of Microbiology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen 

University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

c Department of Plant Pest Management, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology 

Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand. 


Syncephalastrum racemosum (Syncephalastraceae) is a fungus commonly isolated from soil in 

tropical and subtropical regions. It has been used in microbial biotransformation for hydroxylation of 

milbemycins, olivertol and steroid. However, none of previous chemical constituent investigation has 

been recorded. As part of our study on bioactive constituents from microorganisms, we report herein 

the isolation, characterization, and bioactivity against cancer cell lines of the isolated compounds. 

Methods 

Dried mycelial mat of S. racemosum was ground and extracted successively with hexane, EtOAc 

and MeOH. Removal of solvents from each extract under reduced pressure gave crude hexane, EtOAc 

and MeOH extracts, respectively. The EtOAc extract was then separated by column chromatography 

and the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. These compounds were 

also tested for cytotoxic activities. 

Results 

The separation of crude EtOAc extract afforded seven compounds, 1-7. Compounds 1-5 were 

identified to be lasiodiplodin derivatives and compounds 6-7 were sterols. In addition, compound 2 

showed cytotoxicity against cholangiocarcinoma, KKU-M139, KKU-M156 and KKU-M213 cell lines 

with IC 50 values of range 14-19 µg/mL, while compounds 3 and 4 showed cytotoxicity against KB, 

BC1 and NCI-H187 cell lines with IC 50 values of range 9-25 µg/mL. 

Conclusion 

Chemical investigation of mycelial mat of the fungus S. racemosum has led to the isolation of two 

new lasiodiplodin derivatives, (3R)-6-oxo-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (1) and (3R),(5S)-5-hydroxy-de- 

O-methyllasiodiplodin (2), together with five known compounds, de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (3), 

lasiodiplodin (4), (3R),5(R)-5-hydroxy-de-O-methyllasiodiplodin (5) ergosterol (6) and ergosterol 

peroxide (7). Among these, compounds 2, 3 and 4 showed cytotoxic activities. 

Keywords: Syncephalastrum racemosum, lasiodiplodin, cytotoxicity, cholangiocarcinoma 


1. Aldridge, D. C.; Galt, S.; Giles, D.; Turner, W. B. J. Chem. Soc. (C), 1971, 1623-1627. 

2. Yang, Q.; Asai, M.; Matsuura, H.; Yoshihara, T. Phytochemistry, 2000, 54, 489-494. 

Mongkol Buayairaksa (มงคล บัวใหญรักษา) Ph.D Student 




Research field: natural products chemistry

S2-P4 

Pyranone Derivatives from the Seagrass-derived Fungus 

Polyporales PSU-ES83 

Sirikan Kannai, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit, b Orathai Supaphon b and 








The metabolites from seagrass-derived fungi were of interest, for example, cytotoxic cladionol A from 

Gliocladium sp., isolated from seagrass Syringodium isoetifolium. During our search for bioactive 

metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from seagrasses, the fungus Polyporales PSU-ES83 was 

isolated from the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii, collected from the Pakmeng Beach, Trang Province, 

Thailand. The 1 H NMR spctrum of its broth extract displayed signals for aromatic and olefinic protons. 

Thus, we are interested in the isolation and structural elucidation of metabolites from this fungus. 

Methods 

The culture of the fungus Polyporales PSU-ES83 was filtered to separate into the filtrate and wet 

mycelia. The filtrate was extracted twice with an equal amount of EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over 

anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to afford a crude extract. The crude 

extract was separated by column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 with MeOH to afford eight 

fractions. Selected fractions were further purified by column chromatography and/or precoated thin-layer 

chromatography to afford six compounds. 

Results 

The investigation of the crude extract from the fungus Polyporales PSU-ES83 led to the isolation of 

two new pyranone derivatives (1 and 2) together with four known compounds, 2-phenyl-4H-pyran-4-one 

(3), 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (4), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (5) and 2-(2- 

methoxyphenyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (6). The structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data, 

especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configuration of 2 was assigned on the basis 

of NOEDIFF data as well as vicinal coupling constants. 

Conclusion 

Two new pyranone derivatives (1 and 2) together with four known compounds (3-6) were isolated 

from the extract of the fungus Polyporales PSU-ES83. 

R 4 

R 3 

R 2 

R 1 

O 

O 

1: R 1 =R 3 =H,R 2 =Cl,R 4 =OH 

3: R 1 =R 2 =R 3 =R 4 =H 

4: R 1 =R 3 =R 4 =H,R 2 =OH 

5: R 1 =R 2 =H,R 3 =R 4 =OH 

6: R 1 =OMe,R 2 =R 3 =R 4 =H 

Keywords: seagrass-derived fungus, Polyporales, pyranone derivatives 


1. Kasai, Y.; Komatsu, K.; Shigemori, H.; Tsuda, M.; Mikami, Y.; Kobayashi, J. J. Nat. Prod., 2005, 68, 777-779. 

2. Toda, J.; Saitoh, T.; Oyama, T.; Horiguchi, Y.; Sano, T. Heterocycles, 1996, 43, 2457-2464. 

Sirikan Kannai (ศิริกานต กันนัย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983 in Phang-Nga, Thailand 


Research field: bioactive natural products 

HO 

HO 

OH 

OH 

O 

O 

2

S2-P5 

Biologically Active Cytochalasins from the Endophytic Fungus 

Phomopsis sp. CGLA B8 

Tawahchai Thongkongkaew, a Pattama Pittayakhajonwut, b Nongluksna Sriubolmas, c Suthep Wiyakrutta d 

and Shuleewan Rajviroongit a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, 

Thailand. 

b National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong 

Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 

c Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and the Center of Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Organisms and 

Endophytic Fungi (BNPME), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

d Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Endophytic fungi are currently known as important sources of compounds with high diversity not 

only in molecular structures but also their biological activities. Several pharmaceutically important 

agents such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, campthothecin, and hypericin have been reported. The 

promising cytotoxicities of the crude extract from fungus Phomopsis sp. CGLA B8 have prompted us 

to investigate their chemical constituents. 

Methods 

The fungus Phomopsis sp. CGLA B8 was isolated from Thai medicinal plant, Cinnamomum 

glaucescens distributed at Kho Yai National Parks, Thailand. The crude extracts from broth and cell 

were purified by chromagraphic techniques. The structures of pure compounds were established by 

analysis of 1D, 2D-NMR and MS together with data previously obtained from literatures. 

Results 

H 

OH 

H 

H 

OH 

H 

H 

OH 

H 

H 

O 

H 

HN 21 

OO 

HO 

O 

HN 

OOH 

HO 

HN 

OO 

Cytochalasin N Pho (1) Cytochalasin O Pho (2) Cytochalasin H (3) 

HO 

O 

HN 

OO 

HO 

O 

Epoxycytochalasin H (4) 

Four cytochalasins 1-4 and other known compounds were isolated from the fungus Phomopsis sp. 

CGLA B8. The biological activities against KB, MCF-7, NCI-H187, and Vero cell lines were 

evaluated for the first time. Cytochalasins 1-4 displayed cytotoxicity toward KB and NCI-H187 

cancer cell lines with IC 50 value ranging from 2.4 to 38.9 µg/mL. The C-21 acetate derivatives 1, 3, 

and 4 showed high toxicity against Vero cell line in contrast to the C-21 hydroxyl derivative 2, which 

exhibited no toxicity at 50 µg/mL. 

Conclusion 

Cytochalasin 2 shows the most potency for cytotoxicity against KB and NCI-H187 cancer cell 

lines. The important role of free hydroxyl group at C-21 on the toxicity of Vero cell line will be 

further investigated. 

Keywords: cytochalasins, Phomopsis sp., Cinnamomum glaucescens, endophyte 


1. Izawa, Y.; Hirose, T.; Shimizu, T.; Koyama, K.; Natori, S. Tetrahedron, 1989, 2323-2335. 

Tawahchai Thongkongkaew (ธวัชชัย ทองคงแกว) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: bioactive natural products from symbiotic microorganisms

S2-P6 

Cyclohexenone, Mellein, Pyrone and Quinone Derivatives from 

the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30 

Sathit Buadam, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit b and Jariya Sakayaroj c 







Many biologically active secondary metabolites have been isolated from the genus Xylaria, for 

example, antifungal multiplolides, cytotoxic cytochalasins, and acetyl choline esterase inhibitor 

xyloketals. The crude ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30 isolated 

from a branch of Garcinia hombroniana exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC 50 value of 87.8 

µg/mL and antioxidant activity in DPPH • assay with the IC 50 value of 0.87 mg/mL. Thus, we were 

interested in the isolation and structural elucidation of metabolites from this fungus. 

Methods 

The culture of the fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30 was filtered to give two parts; filtrate and mycelia. 

The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc. The crude EtOAc extract was separated by column 

chromatography over silica gel to afford four fractions. Selected fractions were further purified by 

column chromatography and/or precoated TLC to obtain one new (1) and five known (2-6) 

compounds. 

Results 

The investigation of the ethyl acetate extract from the fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30 led to the 

isolation of one new cyclohexenone derivative (1), (4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-5- 

methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (2), 2-chloro-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (3), 4- 

methoxy-6-valeryl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyrone (4), 6-(1-Hydroxypentyl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (5) and 

trans-(3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein (6). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic data. 

The relative configuration of 1 was assigned on the basis of NOEDIFF data. 

Conclusion 

One new cyclohexenone (1) together with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the 

extract of the fungus Xylaria sp. PSU-G30. 

Keywords: Xylaria sp., Garcinia hombroniana, cyclohexenone, pyrone, mellein 


1. Asha, K. N.; Chowdhury, R.; Hasan, C. M.; Rashid, M. Acta Pharm., 2004, 54, 57-63. 

2. Kimura, Y.; Suzuki, A.; Tamura, S. Agric. Biol. Chem., 1980, 44, 451-452. 

Sathit Buadam (สาธิต บัวดํา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: innovation in bioactive natural products: bioactive natural products

S2-P7 

Tetralone, Isocoumarin, -Lactone and Naphthol Derivatives from 

the Seagrass-derived Fungus Xylariales PSU-ES163 

Jiraporn Arunpanichlert, a Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, a Souwalak Phongpaichit, b Orathai Supaphon b and 


a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat 






Various bioactive compounds were produced by Xylariaceous fungus. Recently, the chemical 

investigation of Xylariaceous fungus PSU-A80 has led to the isolation of antioxidant compounds, 

xylarenol, xylarenone and 8-methoxy-1-naphthol. The fungus Xylariales PSU-ES163 was isolated 

from the seagrass Halophila ovalis. The crude EtOAc extract from the culture broth showed 

antioxidant as well as anti-HIV-1 IN and PR activities. Hence, we are interested in the isolation, 

structural elucidation and biological activity of secondary metabolites isolated from the Xylariales 

fungus PSU-ES163. 

Methods 

The ethyl acetate extracts from the culture broth and mycelia of Xylariales fungus PSU-ES163 

were separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Selected fractions were further purified 

by column chromatography and/or precoated TLC to obtain six known compounds (1-6). The 

structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR. 

Results 

Chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract from the culture broth and mycelia of Xylariales 

fungus PSU-ES163 led to the isolation of six metabolites. Three tetralones (1-3) and one isocoumarin 

(4) were obtained from the broth extract along with -lactone (5) and naphthol (6) from the mycelia. 

The structures were confirmed by comparison of the 1 H and 13 C NMR data with those previously 

reported. Their absolute configuration was determined by the NOEDIFF data and comparison of the 

optical rotations with those reported in the literature. 

Conclusion 

Six metabolites, tetralones (1-3), isocoumarin (4), -lactone (5) and naphthol (6) derivatives, were 

obtained from the seagrass-derived fungus Xylariales PSU-ES163. 

Keywords: seagrass-derived fungus, xylariales, tetralone, isocoumarin, -lactone, naphthol 


1. Kokubun, T.; Veitch, N. C.; Bridge, P. D.; Simmonds, M. S. J. Phytochemistry, 2003, 62, 779-782. 

2. Rukachaisirikul, V.; Sommart, U.; Phongpaichit, S.; Hutadilok-Towatana, N.; Rungjindamai, N.; Sakayaroj, 

J. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2007, 55(9), 1316-1318. 

Jiraporn Arunpanichlert (จิราพร อรุณพาณิชเลิศ) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P8 

Microbial Transformation of Neoandrographolide by Aspergillus Species 

Tippawan Duangsong, a Oratai Sukcharoen b and Apichart Suksamrarn a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, 


b Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 


Neoandrographolide (1) is one of principal constituents of ent-labdane diterpenoid lactones isolated from 

the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata Nees, a famous traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric 

disorders, infection diseases and common cold. Compound 1 exhibited many bioactivities, such as antiinflammatory, 

antiviral, anti-radical, hepatoprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities. 

In this work, compound 1 was biotransformed by Aspergillus niger NRRL 559 and Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1. 

Methods 

Stock cultures of the fungi Aspergillus niger NRRL 559 and Aspergillus clavatus NRRL 1 were stored on 

potato dextrose agar slant for 7 days after which transferring fungi from stock cultures to a liquid medium and 

incubated at ambient temperature on orbital shaker for 3 days. Then neoandrographolide (1) was added to the 

liquid medium and the flask cultures were incubated for 6 days. The metabolites were separated by column 


Results 

The biotransformation of neoandrographolide (1) was investigated by using A. niger NRRL 559 and A. 

clavatus NRRL 1. Four products were obtained and identified as 19-hydroxy-8(17),13-ent-labdadien-16,15- 

olide (2), 8(17),13-ent-labdadien-16,15-olid-19-oic acid (3), 1α-hydroxy-8(17),13-ent-labdadien-16,15-olid-19- 

oic acid (4) and 19-hydroxy-8(17),13-ent-labdadien-16,15-olide (5). The structures of these compounds were 

established on the basis of ESMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. 

Conclusion 

Microbial transformation of neoandrographolide (1) revealed that 1 was metabolized by A. niger NRRL 

559 to give 2, 3 and 4 while the bioconversion of 1 by A.clavatus NRRL 1 yielded 2 and 5. 

Keywords: neoandrographolide, Andrographis paniculata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus 


1. Du, Q.; Jerz, G.; Winterhalter, P. J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 984, 147-151. 

2. Chen, L. X.; Qiu, F.; Qu, G. X.; Yao, X. S. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 2007, 9, 493-499. 

Tippawan Duandsong (ทิพวรรณ ดวงสงค) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983 in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand 


Research field: chemistry and biological activities of natural products

S2-P9 

Bioassay-guided Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds from 

Allamanda cathartica. 

Pasuta Keeratiyapong, a Ekaruth Srisook, a,b Saranya Laolapha c and Wanlaya Uthaisang c 

a Center for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 


b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumwit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. 


Cancer is one of the diseases that widely spread among people by several causes. Lung, breast and 

liver cancer are generally found in Thailand. At present, cancer can be treated by operation, radiation, 

chemotherapy, immunotherapy and combination therapy. However, many drugs ,such as steroids and 

cytotoxic drugs, are effectively used but they still have some serious side effects. Moreover, most 

drugs are imported from abroad. The current research is now aimed to find a new drug that have no 

effect to normal cells. Since Thailand has a plenty of natural resources and natural products as 

anticancer drugs are being interested. Banbureeleung (Allamanda cathartica) was selected from their 

preliminary promising results in cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. In this study, leaves and stem 

of Banbureeleung (Allamanda cathartica) were extracted and the cytotoxic compounds are isolated 

and determined their structures. 

Methods 

In this study, dry leaves and stem (including stalks) powder were separately extracted by 

hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively, by maceration method. The crude extracts were 

sent to Srinakharinwirot Unversity, Bangkok to test cytotoxicity in three cancer cell line (COLO-205, 

Hela and HepG 2 ) The cytotoxic compounds were obtained by bioassay-guided isolation technique. 

The structure elucidation was done by various spectroscopy. 

Results 

Hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract from leaves and stem (including stalks) of Allamanda 

cathartica (Banbureeleung) showed high cytotoxic activity in COLO-205, Hela and HepG2. Isolation 

result and structure of the isolated cytotoxic compounds will be discussed. 

Conclusion 

These results suggest that hexane and ethyl acetate crude extract from the leaves and stem of 

Allamanda cathartica (Banbureeleung) are potent in cytotoxic activity. 

Keywords: Allamanda cathartica, cytotoxicity, bioassay-guided isolation 


1. Cragg G. M.; Newman D. J. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 72-79. 

2. Uthaisang W.; Khawsak P. J. Med. Health Sci., 2005, 2, 59-69. 

Pasuta Keeratiyapong (ปสุตา กีรติยาพงษ) M.Sc. Student 


Rangsit University, Thailand, Biomedical Science. 2006 

Research field: natural product chemistry, health & medical science

S2-P10 

Chemical Constituents from Rhizomes of Alpinia purpurata 

Natthapat Sungchawek, a Patoomratana Tuchinda, a Chutima Kuhakarn, a Manat Pohmakotr, a Thaworn 

Jaipetch, b Surawat Jariyawat, c Pawinee Piyajaturawat, c Ampai Panthong d and Vichai Reutrakul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, 


b Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand. 

c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

d Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand. 


Alpinia is a genus in Zingiberaceae family (ginger family) which was well known in medicinal 

use. At least 300 species of Zingiberaceae were found throughout Thailand. Alpinia purpurata was 

found in the Eastern part of Thailand. This plant has common name as red ginger, ginger, pink cone 

ginger, fire ginger and vernacular name King daeng. A number of natural compounds isolated from A. 

purpurata exhibited potential activities such as cytotoxic, 1 anti-microbial, 2 anti-inflammatory, 3 and 

anti-oxidant activities. 4 

Methods 

The air-dried and finely powdered rhizomes of A. purpurata were sequentially percolated with 

hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively at room temperature. Removal of solvent afforded 

the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. These extracts were evaluated for bioactivities. 

The crude hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were separated by column chromatography and eluted 

with hexane/acetone and acetone/MeOH mixtures of increasing polarity to afford four known 

compounds. 

Results 

The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were unfirmed by comparison of their physical 

and spectroscopic data with those reported in literatures. 5 To the best of our knowledge, these known 

compounds have never been isolated from A. pupurata. 

Conclusion 

Evaluation for bioactivities indicated that the crude ethyl acetate extract exhibited antiinflammatory 

and anti-HIV-1 activities. Four known compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were isolated from the 

rhizomes of Alpinia purpurata. 

Keywords: Alpinia purpurata, anti-inflammatory 


1. Dijoux, N.; Guingand, Y.; Bourgeois, C. Toxicology in Vitro, 2009, 20, 480-489. 

2. Wong, L.; Lim, Y.; Omar, M. J. Food Biochem., 2009, 33, 835-851. 

3. Larisa, N.; David, D.; Donna, M. Carcinogenesis, 2007, 28, 1188-1196. 

4. Tzung-hsun, T.; Po-jung, T.; Su-chen, H. J. Food Sci., 2005, 70, 93-97. 

5. Janssen, M.; Scheffer, C. Planta Med., 1985, 6, 507-11. 

Natthapat Sungchawek (ณัฐพัชร สังเฉวก) M.Sc. Student 

b 1980 in Bangkok, Thailand. 


Research field: natural product

S2-P11 

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Leaves of 

Agapetes hosseana 

Pornpana Kornwongwan and Suwaporn Luangkamin 

Department of Chemistry and Center of excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 



Agapetes hosseana (Saphaolom), belongs to the family ERICACEAE and is widely distributed in 

the northern area of Thailand. Its rhizomes and leaves have been use in traditional Thai medicine for 

nourishment after having a fever.Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the 

chemical constituents and biological activities of A.hosseana. 

Methods 

The powdered air-dried leaves of A. hosseana were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane 

and methanol at room temperature for 7 days. After evaporation of solvent under reduced pressure, the 

dichloromethane (2.56 g) and methanol (10.66 g) extracts were obtained. Both crude extracts were 

separately isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. The pure compounds were 

subjected to biological testing. 

Results 

Chromatographic separation of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts of leaves of A. 

hosseana yielded ten known compounds, friedelin (1), 3-friedelinol (2), 5(6) gluten-3-ol (3), - 

amyrin (4), -amyrin (5), lupeol (6), taraxerol (7), -amyrenonol (8), -amyrenonol (9) and 

isolariciresinol (10). Their structures identified on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. All 

compounds were reported for the first time from A. hosseana. Isolariciresinol showed strong 

antioxidant activity. Lupeol exhibited weak cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell (A549). Compounds 

2, 6, 7 and 10 were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against lung (NIC-H187). The results were 

inactive. 

Conclusion 

Chemical investigation of the leaves of A. hosseana has led to the isolation of nine pentacyclic 

triterpenes and one lignan. 

H 3 CO 

OH 

R 

R 

HO 

OH 

R 

HO 

HO 

HO 

HO 

HO 

OH 

OCH 3 

friedelin (1),R=O 

gluten-3 -ol (3) amyrin (4),R=H 

-amyrenonol (8),R=O 

3 -friedelinol (2),R=3 -OH, 3 -H 

amyrin (5),R=H 

-amyrenonol (9),R=O 

lupeol (6) taraxerol (7) 

isolariciresinol (10) 

Keywords: Agapetes hosseana diels, Ericaceae, pentacyclic triterpenes 


1. Susidarti, R. A.; Rahmanri, M.; Ismail, H. B. M.; Sukari, M. A.; Hin, T. Y.; Lian, G. E. C.; Ali, A. M.; 

Kulip, J.; Waterman, P. G. Nat. Prod. Res., 2006, 20, 145-151. 

2. Kiem, P. V.; Minh , C. V.; Huong, H. T.; Nam, N. H.; Lee, J. J.; Kiem, Y. H. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2004, 27, 

1109-1113. 

Pornpana Kornwongwan (พรพนา กรวงษวาล) M.Sc. Student 

b1985 in Chumphon, Thailand 



S2-P12 

Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Hybrid between 

Artocarpus heterophyllus and Artocarpus integer 

Kanogwan Tohdee a and Kanda Panthong b 

a 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 



To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of hybrid between Artocarpus 

heterophyllus and Artocarpus integer. 

Methods 

The dried and chopped roots of hybrid between A. heterophyllus and A. integer (1.0 kg) were 

extracted with acetone (15 L) for 7 days at room temperature three times. The acetone extract was 

purified mainly by column chromatography and recrystallization. 

Results 

The chromatographic separation of acetone extract led to the isolation of five flavonoids 

compounds: cycloheterophyllin (1), artonin A (2), isocyclomulberrin (3), artocarpanone (4) and 

5,7,2´,5´-tetrahydroxyflavone (5). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. 

Conclusion 

Five known flavonoids: cycloheterophyllin (1), artonin A (2), isocyclomulberrin (3), 

artocarpanone (4) and 5,7,2´,5´-tetrahydroxyflavone (5) were isolated from the roots of hybrid 

between A. heterophyllus and A. integer. 

Keywords: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integer, Moraceae, flavonoids 


1. Chen, C. C.; Huang, Y. L.; Ou, J. C. J. Nat. Prod., 1993, 56, 1594-1597. 

2. Kijjoa, A.; Cidade, H. M.; Pinto, M. M. M.; Gonzalez, M. J. T. G.; Anantachoke, C.; Gedris, T. E.; Herz, 

W. Phytochemistry, 1996, 43, 691-694. 

3. Lin, C. N.; Lu, C. M.; Huang, P. L. Phytochemistry, 1995, 39, 14471451. 

4. Zhang, Y. Y.; Guo, Y. Z.; Onda, M.; Hashimoto, K.; Ikeya, Y.; Okada, M.; Maruno, M. Phytochemistry, 

1994, 56, 511-514. 

Kanogwan Tohdee (กนกวรรณ โตะดี) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P13 

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of 

Amomum uliginosum Rhizome 

Wannaporn Chate and Nuchnipa Nuntawong 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Huaykaew Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Amomum uliginosum belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. In Thailand, the rhizome of Amomum 

uliginosums is widely used in natural medicine and has been prescribed for the treatment of asthma. 

Previous phytochemical studies on Amomum species resulted in the isolation of monoterpenes, 

diterpenes, steroids and flavonoids. Some of which showed antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and 

cytotoxicity. However, there have not been many phytochemical and biological studies on A. 

uliginosum. In this study, we will focus on investigation of chemical composition and bioactivities of 

the rhizomes of A. uliginosum. 

Methods 

The air dried rhizomes of Amomum uliginosum (1.39 kg) were ground and extracted successively 

with hexane , dichloromethane and methanol to yield 36.95 g, 12.73 g and 28.42 g crude extracts, 

respectively. The crude extracts were tested for antimycobacterial, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic 

activities against KB, BC and NCl-H187 cell lines. The crude hexane extract was separated by 

column chromatography and eluted with gradient mixtures of n-hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc and MeOH. 

From this separation, 5 fractions were obtained. 

Results 

The crude hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed cytotoxicity against KB (oral cavity 

cancer), BC (human breast cancer) and NCl-H187 (small cell lung cancer) cell lines with IC 50 values 

ranging from 17.26-44.49 µg/mL. Chromatographic separation of the hexane extract by silica gel 

column chromatography yielded two known compounds. These compounds were identified as (E)- 

15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17),11-diene-13-one (1) and a mixture of β-sitosterol (2) and sigmasterol (3). 

Conclusion 

The hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited interesting biological activities but the 

methanol extract was inactive to all biological activity tests. (E)-15,16-bisnorlabda-8(17),11-diene-13- 

one and a mixture of β-sitosterol and sigmasterol were isolated from hexane extract. 

Keywords: Amomum uliginosum, Zingiberaceae, cytotoxicity, biological activity 


1. Itokawa, H.; Morita, H.; Mihashi, S. Chim. Pharm. Bull., 1980, 28, 3452-3454. 

2. Pateh, U. U.; Haruna A. K.; Garba, M.; Iliya, I.; Sule, I. M.; Abubakar, M. S.; Ambi A. A. Niger. J. Pharm. 

Sci., 2009, 8, 19-25. 

Wannaporn Chatea (วรรณพร ชะเต) M.Sc. Student 


Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: natural product

S2-P14 

Polymethoxyflavones from the Leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco 

(cv. Som Cho Kun) 

Busra Yalapae a and Wilawan Mahabusarakam a,b 



b Natural Product Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112,Thailand. 


Citrus reticulata Blanco is locally known as Som Cho Khun. Some of the compounds isolated 

from the fruit peels of this plant (Du et al., 2010) has been reported to show activity against cancer 

cells. With the aim of searching for the biologically active compounds, we therefore investigated the 

chemical constituents of this plant. 

Methods 

The chopped-dried leaves (1.0 kg) of C.reticulata Blanco were immersed in dichloromethane at 

room temp. The dark-brown viscous extracts were obtained after removal of solvent by evaporation. 

The extract was fractionated by dissolving in hexane to obtain soluble- and insoluble fractions. The 

soluble fraction was further separated by column chromatography. 

Results 

Investigation of the dichloromethane extract from the leaves of C.reticulata Blanco led to the 

isolation of nobiletin (1), 5-demethoxynobiletin (2), sinensetin (3), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3’,4’- 

tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4’-tetramethoxyflavone (5). Their structures were 

elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR. 

Conclusion 

Five known polymethoxy flavones (1-5) 

were isolated from the leaves of C.reticulata 

Blanco. 

Compound 

Substituent position 

R’ R’’ R’’’ 

nobiletin (1) OMe OMe OMe 

5-demethoxynobiletin (2) OH OMe OMe 

sinensetin (3) OMe H OMe 

5-hydroxy-6,7,3’,4’- 

tetramethoxyflavone (4) OH H OMe 

5-hydroxy-6,7,8,4’- 

tetramethoxyflavone (5) OH OMe H 

Keywords: Citrus reticulata Blanco, Rutacea, polymethoxyflavone 


1. Kawaii, S.; Tomono, Y.; Katase, E.; Ogawa, K. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2000, 48, 3865-3871. 

2. Li, S.; Pan, M. H.; Lai, C. S. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2007, 15, 3381-3389. 

3. Miyata, Y.; Sato, T.; Imada, K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008, 366, 168-173. 

4. Du, Q.; Chen, H. Food Chem., 2010, 119, 567-572. 

Busro Yalapae (บุสรอ ยะลาแป) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P15 

Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Citrus hystrix 

Yuranan Srisud and Kanda Panthong 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry,, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat 



To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Citrus hystrix. 

Methods 

The air-dried roots of Citrus hystrix were extracted with acetone to gave crude acetone extract 

which was subjected to QCC and recrystallization. 

Results 

The crude acetone extract from the roots of Citrus hystrix was further investigated by 

chromatographic techniques to yield fourteen compounds (1-14). 

Conclusion 

Fourteen known compounds: xanthoxylin (1), valencic acid (2), seselin (3), xanthyletin (4), 

crenulatin (5), scoparone (6), scopoletin (7), umbelliferone (8), baiyumine-A (9), 5- 

hydroxynoracronycine (10), citracridone-I (11), yukovanol (12), limonin (13) and (+)-syringaresinol 

(14) were isolated from the roots of Citrus hystrix. 

Keywords: Citrus hystrix, Rutaceae, coumarins, acridone alkaloids, flavanones, limonoids 


1. Basa, S. C.; Tripathy, R. N. J. Nat. Prod., 1982, 45, 503504. 

2. Breksa, A. P.; Dragull, K.; Wong, R. Y. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 5595-5598. 

3. Razdan, T. K.; Qadri, B.; Harkar, S.; Waight, E. S. Phytochemistry, 1987, 26, 2063-2069. 

4. Valenciennes, E.; Smadja, J.; Conan, J. Y. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 64, 283-288. 

5. Wu, T-S.; Kuoh, C-S.; Furukawa, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1983, 31, 895-900. 

6. Wu, T-S. Phytochemistry, 1987, 26, 871-872. 

Yuranan Srisud (ยุรนันท ศรีสุด) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P16 

Chemical Constituents from the Roots of Citrus reticulata Blanco 

(Som Cho Khun) 

Nutthakran Wanlaso and Wilawan Mahabusarakam 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 



Citrus reticulata is locally known as Som Cho Khun. Some of the compounds were isolated from 

the fruit peels of this plant (Du et al., 2010) has been reported to show activity against cancer cells. 

With the aim of searching for the biologically active compounds, we therefore investigated the 

chemical constituents of this plant. 

Methods 

Ground-dried roots (5.2 kg) of C. reticulata were immersed twice in dichloromethane at room 

temperature. After removal of the solvent in vacuo, the dark-brown gum of dichloromethane extract 

(39.87 g) was obtained. The extract was purified by QCC and CC to yield compounds 1 (12.30 

mg), 2 (6.30 mg), 3 (51.80mg), 4 (21.5mg), 5 (3.6mg), 6 (183.50 mg) and 7(4 mg). Their structures 

were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. 

Results 

Investigation of the chemical constituents of the dichloromethane extract from the roots of C. 

reticulata resulted in the isolation of citracridone-I (1), 5-hydroxynoracronycine (2), citrusinine-I 

(3), citbrasine (4), citpressine-I (5) xanthyletin (6) and crenulatin (7). 

Conclusion 

Five acridone alkaloids (1-5) and two known coumarins (6-7) were obtained from the 

dichloromethane extract of the roots of C. reticulata. 

Keywords: Citrus reticulata Blanco, acridone alkaloids, coumarins 


1. Wu, T. S.; Kuoh, C. S.; Furukawa, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1983, 31, 895-900. 

2. Wu, T.S.; Furukawa, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1983, 31, 901-906. 

3. Du, Q.; Chen, H. Food Chemistry, 2010, 119, 567-572. 

Nutthakran Wanlaso (ณัฐทกาณ หวั่นลาโสะ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Saraburi, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, General Science, B.Sc. 2007 


S2-P17 

1-O-Isopropyl--D-glucoside Conjugates from Citrus hystrix Fruit Peels 

Juthamanee Youkwan, a Somyote Sutthivaiyakit a and Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua 

Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, 



Citrus hystrix DC. (syn. C. papeda Miq.) 1 leech lime of the Rutaceae family, is commonly found 

in Southeast Asia. It is a small plant of about 3-8 m in height. The leaves and fruits of this plant have 

long been used as an ingredient in several Thai cooking recipes. The fruits are pear-shaped with a 

rough, warty skin. Its essential oil was reported to exhibit antibacterial activity. 2 Extracts of fruit peels 

were found to inhibit implantation, produce abortion, and slightly hasten labor time in pregnant rats. 3 

Previous phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of terpenes, 4 phenolic compounds, 5 

glyceroglycolipids, 6 and coumarins. 7 

Methods 

The air dried peels (5.7 kg) of C. hystrix was ground and extracted at room temperature with 

n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. After evaporation of solvent 

under reduced pressure the hexane (240 g), dichloromethane (155 g), ethyl acetate (170 g) and 

methanol (384 g) extracts were obtained. The hexane extract and dichloromethane extract were 

subjected using silica gel and reversed phase column chromatography. 


Four new compounds, citrusosides A-D, and 15 known compounds were isolated from the 

hexanes and CH 2 Cl 2 extracts of the peels of Citrus hystrix fruits. citrusosides A is a 1-O-isopropyl-6- 

O--D-glucopyranosyl ester of 5′′,9′′-dimethyl-2′′,8′′-decadienoic acid. Citrusosides B-D possess a 

1-O-isopropyl--D-glucopyranosyl and a dihydroxyprenylfuranocoumarin moiety conjugated to the 

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid as diesters. Several furanocoumarins were evaluated for their 

cholinesterase inhibitory activity. (R)-(+)-6′-Hydroxy-7′-methoxy-bergamottin, (R)-(+)-6′,7′- 

dihydroxybergamottin, and (+)-isoimparatorin showed IC 50 values of 11.2 ±0.1, 15.4 ± 0.3, and 23 ± 

0.2 μM, respectively. Bioassay results indicated that the presence of a dioxygenated geranyl chain in 

the test compounds is crucial for the inhibitory activity. 8 

Keywords: Citrus hystrix, leech lime, furanocoumarins, citrusosides, cholinesterase inhibitor 


1. Smitinand, T. Thai Plant Names (Botanical names-Vernacular names); Funny Publishing: Bangkok, 1980, 83. 

2. Chanthaphon, S.; Chanthachum, S.; Hongpattarakere, T. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2008, 30,125-131. 

3. Piyachaturawat, P.; Glinsukon, T.; Chanjarunee, A. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1985, 13, 105-110. 

4. (a) Sato, A.; Asano, K.; Sato, T. J. Essent. Oil Res., 1990, 2, 179-183. (b) Lawrence, B. M.; Hogg, J. W.; 

Terhune, S. J.; Podimuang, V. Phytochemistry, 1971, 10, 1404-1405. 

5. Kanes, K.; Tisserat, B.; Berthow, M.; Vandercook, C. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32, 967-974. 

6. Murakami, A.; Nakamura, Y.; Koshimizu, K.; Ohigashi, H. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 2779-2783. 

7. Murakami, A.; Gao, G.; Kim, O. K.; Omura, M.; Yano, M.; Ito, C.; Furukawa, H.; Jiwajinda, S.; 

Koshimizu, K.; Ohigashi, H. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 333-339. 

8. Youkwan, J.; Sutthivaiyakit, S.; Sutthivaiyakit, P. J. Nat. Prod., 2010, 73, 1879-1883. 

Juthamanee Youkwan (จุฑามณี อยูขวัญ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1963 in Nonthaburi, Thailand 


Ramkhamhaeng University, Thailand, Applied Chemistry, M.Sc. 2003 

Research field: natural products, and semi-synthesis

S2-P18 

Chemical Constituents from Clausena excavata and 

Their Biological Activities 

Tawanun Sripisut, a Sarot Cheenpracha, b Uma Prawat c and Surat Laphookhieo a 

a Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, 

Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand. 

c Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang, Phuket 83000, Thailand. 


Clausena excavata is known locally as ‘‘San Soak’’ in Thai belonging to Rutaceae family. The 

plant has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cold, malaria, AIDS, dermatopathy, 

abdominal pain, and snake-bite, and also used as detoxification agents. The main constituents of this 

plant are coumarins and carbazole alkaloids and some of them showed interesting pharmacological 

activities. The main objective of this work is to study the biologically-active compounds which 

isolated from C. excavata. 

Methods 

Air-dried fruits, stems and roots of C. excavata were successively extracted with n-hexane, 

CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc and acetone. Removal of the solvents under reduced pressure yielded the extract of 

each parts. All crude extracts were purified by chromatographic techniques and/or recrystallization. 

All structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Some of isolated compounds 

were evaluated their biological activities including anti-malaria and cytotoxicity against three human 

cancer call lines, KB, MCF-7and NCI-H187. 

Results 

The investigations of C. excavata led to the isolation of a new coumarin (1) and a new carbazole 

alkaloid (2) along with thirty-four known compounds. All structures were characterized by 

spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported spectral data in the literature. Some of the 

isolated showed interesting anti-malaria and cytotoxicity. 

Conclusion 

A new coumarin and a new carbazole alkaloid along with thirty-four known compounds were 

isolated from C. excavata. Some compounds showed interesting biological activities. 

Keywords: Clausena excavata, coumarins, alkaloids, cytotoxic activity, antimalarial activity 


1. Laphookhieo, S.; Sripisut, T.; Prawat, U.; Kraralai, C. Heterocycles, 2009, 78, 2115-2119. 

2. Sripisut, T.; Laphookhieo, S. J. Asian Nat. Pro. Res., 2010, 12, 614-617. 

Tawanun Sripisut (ถวนันท ศรีพิสุทธิ์) Ph.D. Student 


Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 2007 


S2-P19 

Chemical Constituents from Clausena lansium 

Wisanu Maneerat, a Uma Prawat, b Nisankorn Saewan, c Sarot Cheenpracha d and Surat Laphookhieo a 

a Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, 

Thailand. 

b Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang, Phuket, 8300, Thailand. 

c School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao, 5600, Thailand. 


Clausena lansium or “Mafaicheen” in local Thai name belongs to Rutaceae family. Several parts 

of the plant have been known used as a folk medicine in many Asian countries for treatment of 

coughs, asthma, influenza and colds. Moreover, the seeds extract of C. lansium was found to exhibit 

anti-fungal, anti-proliferative and HIV reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activities. The aim of this study 

is to investigate chemical constituents as well as evaluate cytotoxicity aginst KB, MCF-7 and NCI- 

H187 cancer cell lines from C. lansium. 

Methods 

Air-dried twigs, seeds and fruit peel of C. lansium were successively extracted with hexane, 

CH 2 Cl 2 and acetone, over a period of 3 days each at room temperature. The crude extracts were 

purified by chromatographic techniques and/or recrystallization. All compounds were elucidated on 

the basis of spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, NMR and MS. Some of isolates were evaluated 

for cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 cancer cell lines. 

Results 

Phytochemical investigations of C. lansium led to the isolation of seven new compounds (1-7) 

along with nineteen known compounds. Some of isolated compounds were exhibited cytotoxicity 

activity against three human cancer cell lines, KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187. 

Conclusion 

Seven new compounds: three carbazole alkaloids (1-3), two aminds (4 and 5) and two coumarins 

(6 and 7) together with nineteen known compounds were isolated from of C. lansium. Some of 

compounds showed interesting cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7 and NCI-H187 human cancer cell 

lines. 

Keywords: Clausena lansium, coumarin, alkaloid, cytotoxicity 


1. Kumar, V.; Vallipuram, K.; Adebajo, A. C.; Reisch, J. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40, 1563-1565. 

2. Maneerat, W.; Laphookhieo, S. Heterocycles, 2010, 81, 1261-1269. 

3. Maneerat, W.; Prawat, U.; Saewan, N.; Laphookhieo, S. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2010, 21, 665-668. 

Wisanu Maneerat (วิษณุ มณีรัตน) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Chiang Rai, Thailand 

Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 2007 


S2-P20 

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities from the Roots of 

Decaschistia parviflora 

Nikhom Wongsa, Somdej Kanokmedhakul and Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul 

Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of 

Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Decaschistia parviflora Kurz is a small shrub belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is known as 

“Thong Phun Dun” in Thai. Only the species D. crotonifolia has been investigated and has led to the 

isolation of gossypitrin, quercimeritrin, and gossypin from the acetone extract of the yellow flowers. 

As part of our search for bioactive compounds from Thai plants, the crude EtOAc extract from the 

roots of D. parviflora showed cytotoxicity against KB cancer cells with IC 50 value of 12.5 µg/mL. 

Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the phytochemical and bioactivities from the roots of D. 

parviflora. 

Methods 

Roots of D. parviflora were successively extracted with hexane, EtOAc and MeOH. All crude 

extracts were mainly separated by chromatographic methods and recrystalization. The structures of 

isolated compounds were determined based on the spectroscopic methods (IR, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C 

NMR and 2D NMR. 

Results 

Extraction of air-dried t roots of D. parviflora (6.1 kg) gave crude hexane (133.1 g), EtOAc (80.4 

g) and MeOH (160.3 g) extracts, respectively. The crude hexane, EtOAc and MeOH extracts were 

separated using silica gel flash column chromatography (FCC) to give three new napthaldehyde 

derivatives, two known compounds (stigmasterol and scopoletin) and three unidentified compounds. 

Conclusion 

Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of D. parviflora. Five compounds were identified 

as three new napthaldehyde derivatives and two known compounds, stigmasterol and scopoletin. 

Inaddition, the structures of another three compounds are under determined. These compounds 

showed cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (KB, MCF7 and NCI-H187) with IC 50 values in the 

range of 0.9-35.1 g/mL. 

Keywords: Decaschistia parviflora, Malvaceae, napthaldehyde derivative, cytotoxicity 


1. Radhakrishniah, M. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1981, 58, 101-103. 

Nikhom Wongsa (นิคม วงศา) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P21 

Isolation and Structure Identification of Bioactive Compounds 

from Leaves and Twigs of Diospyros ranongensis (Ebenaceae) 

Sariyarach Thanasansurapong, a Vichai Reutrakul, a Manat Pohmakotr, a Chalobon Yoosook, b 

Jitra Kasisit, b Chanita Napaswad b and Patoomratana Tuchinda a 



b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Diospyros ranongensis belongs to the family Ebenaceae. Sixty two species of Diospyros have 

been found in Thailand. Several members of the genus Diospyros have been used in Thai medicinal 

therapeutic. Three species i.e., D. kaki, D. montana and D. peregrine have been screened extensively 

and showed pharmacological activities. However, Diospyros ranongensis has not been previously 

reported on both phytochemical and biological aspects. The pure isolated compounds from Diospyros 

ranongensis were evaluated for their biological activities. 

Methods 

The air-dried and finely powdered leaves and twigs of Diospyros ranongensis were percolated 

with methanol at room temperature. Removal of solvent afforded a crude methanol extract. The crude 

methanol extract was dissolved in EtOAc:MeOH (1:1) at room temperature. After removal of solvent, 

the EtOAc:MeOH (1:1) soluble fraction was separated by column chromatography to afford 9 

fractions. The fractions 2, 3 and 6-9 showed anti-HIV-1 activity in the antisyncytium assay, while 

fractions 2 and 6 were found active against anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Repeated column 

chromatography followed by recrystallization yielded compounds 1-5. The structures of these 

compounds were confirmed by their spectroscopic data. 

Results 

R 1 

R 2 

1: R 1 =OH,R 2 =H 

2: R 1 =OH,R 2 =CH 2 OH 

3: R 1 =CO 2 CH 2 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ,R 2 =H 

R 1 

HO 

4: R 1 =H 

5: R 1 =OH 

CO 2 H 

Conclusion 

Five known compounds 1-5 were isolated from leaves and twigs of Diospyros ranongensis. 

Biological activity evaluation is in progress. 

Keywords: Diospyros ranongensis, Ebenaceae, lupeol, ursolic acid 


1. Funayama, S.; Hikino, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1979, 27, 2865-2868. 

2. Goutam, M. P.; Purohit, R. M. Indian J. Pharm., 1973, 35, 93-94. 

Sariyarach Thanasansurapong (ศริญารัชจ ธนสารสุรพงศ) M.Sc. Student 

b1982 in Bangkok, Thailand 



S2-P22 

Biflavonoid and Flavonoid Derivatives from the Roots of 

Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz var. tomentosus 

Jarinthon Sonprasit, Chatchanok Karalai and Chanita Ponglimanont 




Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz var.tomentosus, locally known as Tanokkod, belongs to the family 

Connaraceae and is widely grown in West Africa, Ghana and Thailand. E. tomentosus is the only one 

species found in Thailand. There are no previous reports on the chemical constituents from this plant. 

Thus, we are interested in the isolation and structural elucidation of the chemical constituents from the 

roots of this plant. 

Methods 

The air-dried roots (3.0 kg) of E. tomentosus were extracted with dichloromethane and acetone 

successively at room temp. The crude extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure to afford 

brownish dichloromethane and acetone extracts. 

Results 

The investigation of the crude dichloromethane extract from the roots of E. tomentosus led to two 

known flavonoid derivatives: 5, 6, 7, 8, 4- pentamethoxyflavone (1) and 8, 3, 4-trimethoxy-6,7- 

methylenedioxyisoflavone (2) and the crude acetone extract led to three known biflavonoids: 

lophirone A (3), calodenone (4) and 6´´´- hydroxylophirone B (5). Their structures were determined 

by analysis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR. 

Conclusion 

Five known compounds (1-5) were isolated from the extracts of the roots of Ellipanthus 

tomentosus Kurz var.tomentosus. 

Keywords: Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz var.tomentosus, biflavonoids, flavonoids 


1. Han, B.; Kim, M. H.; Lee, M. J.; Mok, Y. S.; Lee, S. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 9488-9491. 

2. Harper, S. H.; Shirley, D. B.; Taylor, D. A. Phytochemistry, 1976, 15, 1019-1023. 

3. Kaewamatawong, R.; Likhitwitayawuid, K.; Ruangrungsi, N.; Takayama, H.; Kitajima, M.; Aimi, N. J. 

Nat. Prod., 2002, 65, 1027-1029. 

4. Messanga, B. B.; Ghogomu Tih, R.; Kimbu, S. F.; Sondengam, B. L. J. Nat. Prod., 1992, 55, 245-248. 

5. Messanga, B. B.; Ghogomu Tih, R.; Sondengam, B. L.; Martin, M. T.; Bodo, B. Phytochemistry, 1994, 35, 

791-794. 

Jarinthon Sonprasit (จรินทร ศรประสิทธิ์) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P23 

Chemical Constituents from Etlingera littoralis Rhizomes 

Chotika Jeerapong, a Wisanu Maneerat, b Sarot Cheenpracha, c Uma Prawat, d Thongchai Kruahong a 

and Surat Laphookhieo b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 


b Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, 

Thailand. 

c School of Science, University of Phayao, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang, Phuket 83000, 

Thailand. 


Plants of Zingiberaceae are widely distributed throughout the tropical forests. Many of them are 

used for food, spices, medicines, dyes, perfume and aesthetics. Some metabolites from Zingiberaceae 

plants have found to be interesting biological activities, for example anti-malaria, anti-tumor and anti- 

HIV-1 protease inhibitory. Etlingera littoralis is one of the Zingiberaceae plants which found in 

several parts of Thailand. Its rhizome decoction has been used for the treatment of stomachache, 

carminative, and heart tonic. The aim of this work is to investigate chemical constituents from the 

rhizomes of E. littoralis. 

Methods 

Chopped-fresh rhizomes (3.89 kg) of E. littoralis (3.89 kg) were extracted with 50% CH 2 Cl 2 - 

MeOH, and partitioned with CH 2 Cl 2 to afford the dichloromethane extract (22.80 g). This crude 

extract was separated mainly by column chromatography. All pure compounds were elucidated by 

spectroscopic methods. 

Results 

The investigation of E. littoralis rhizomes led to the isolation and identification of a new 

dihydrochalcone (6) along with twelve know compounds (1-5 and 7-13): six dihydrochalcones (1), 

(2), (3), (4), (5) and (7); two flavanones (8) and (9); one sesquiterpene (10); two esters (11) and (12); 

one chromone (13). 

Conclusion 

A new dihydrochalcone (6) and twelve know compounds (1-5 and 7-13) were isolated from the 

rhizomes of E. littoralis. 

Keywords: Etlingera genus, Etlingera littoralis, Zingiberaceae, flavonoid, dihydrochalcone 


1. Chantrapromma, C.; Jeerapong, J.; Kruahong , T.; Laphookhieo, S.; Fun, H.-K. Acta Cryst. E., 2010, 137, 

1120-1121. 

2. Chuakul, W.; Boonpleng, A. J. Med. Plants, 2003, 10, 33-35. 

3. Sirirugsa, P. (1999). [http://www.iupac.org/symposia/proceedings/phuket97/sirirugsa.html]. 

Chotika Jeerapong (โชติกา จีระพงศ) M.Ed. Student 


Walailak University, Thailand, Food Technology, B.Sc. 2004 


S2-P24 

Xanthones from the Twig of Garcinia cowa Roxb. 

Napaporn Charoenram, Amornmart Jaratrungtawee and Sunit Suksamrarn 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot 



Garcinia cowa or Cha-muang in Thai (Clusiaceae) is a tree widely distributed in Thailand [1]. It 

has been used in Thai folk medicine as an antipyretic agent [2], improvement of blood circulation, 

treatment of coughs, indigestion and laxative [3]. Previous studies on the chemical constituent 

reviewed that xanthones were major compounds obtained from different parts of this plant. In this 

study, phytochemical investigation on the twig of G. cowa has led to the isolation of one new and 

seven known compounds. 

Methods 

The air-dried twig of G. cowa (2 kg) was extracted with EtOAc at room temperature for seven 

days. After evaporation of solvent, the viscous crude EtOAc extract (110 g) was obtained. A portion 

of the EtOAc extract (40 g) was loaded on silica gel column and eluted with gradient systems of 

hexane-acetone, acetone, acetone-methanol and methanol to give a new xanthone (1) along with seven 

known xanthones (2-8). 

Results 

Separation of the EtOAc extract using chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of a 

new xanthone, 3-O-methylcowaxanthone (1), along with known xanthones cowanin (2), 

cowaxanthone (3), cowanol (4), 7-O-methylgarcinone E (5), pyranojacareubin (6), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-7- 

methoxy-2,5-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone (7) and β-mangostin (8). The structures of the isolated 

compounds have been elucidated by using spectroscopic data, especially 1D-, 2D-NMR, and by 

comparison the data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of pyranojacareubin 

(6) obtained from this plant species. 

Conclusion 

A new xanthone together with seven known xanthones have been obtained from the EtOAc 

extract of G. cowa twig. 

Keywords: Garcinia cowa, Clusiaceae, xanthone 


1. Na Pattalung, P.; Thongtheeraparp, W.; Wiriyachitra, P.; Taylor, C. W. Planta Med., 1994, 60, 365-368. 

2. Likhitwitayawuid, K.; Phadungcharoen, T.; Mahidol, C.; Ruchirawat, S. Phytochemistry, 1997, 45, 1299-1301. 

3. Panthong, K.; Hutadilok-Towatana, N.; Panthong, A. Can. J. Chem., 2009, 87, 1636-1640. 

Napaporn Charoenram (นภาพร เจริญรัมย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Burirum, Thailand 


Research field: bioactive compounds from Thai plants

S2-P25 

Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Garcinia speciosa 

Wirawan Anuin, Chutima Septhum and Thongchai Kruahong 




Garcinia is a plant in the Guttiferae family, the genus was found in southeast Asia, ranging from 

the southern part of Thailand and peninsular Malaysia to Indonesia and some parts of the 

Philippines 1,2 . A species, Garcinia speciosa, called Phawa is widely distribute in the several parts of 

Thailand. Trunk bark and its flower part have been used as folk medicines in several purposes such as 

the treatment of diarrhea and blood cycle in human body 3 . The bioactivities of this plants were found 

a cytotoxicity against, anti-cancer (MCF-7) cell line 4 and anti HIV-1 activity 5 . The purpose of this 

study was to isolate and identify chemical constituents from the flowers of Garcinia speciosa. 

Methods 

Air-dried flowers of Garcinia speciosa, approximately 1 kg, were milled and extracted with 

dichloromethane at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 

dichloromethane extract 78.64 g. The crude extract was subjected to quick column chromatographic 

separation technique using the gradient system, hexane and ethyl acetate as an eluent to afford nine 

fractions. The interest sub-fractions were continued to further purified by column chromatography. 

The structure elucidations were based on the spectroscopic data. 

Results 

Investigation of the flowers of Garcinia speciosa has led to the isolation of one known compound 

called steroids, stigmasterol (1). Structural elucidation of other four compounds (2, 3, 4, and 5) by 

spectroscopic methods is in progress. 

Conclusion 

Five compounds can be isolated successfully from the flowers of Garcinia speciosa. 

Keywords: Garcinia speciosa, Guttiferae, Phawa 


1. Te-chato, S. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2007, 29, 245-252. 

2. Richards, A. J. Botanical J. Linn. Soc., 1990, 103, 301-308. 

3. Teangburanatum, V. Thai Med. Plant, 2005, 553-554. 

4. Vieira, L. M. M.; Kijjoa, A.; Wilairat, R.; Nascimento, M. S. J.; Gales, L.; Damas, A. M.; Silva, A. M. S.; 

Mondranondra, I.-O.; Herz, W. J. Nat. Prod., 2004, 67, 2043-2047. 

5. Rukachaisirikul, V.; Pailee, P.; Hiranrat, A.; Tuchinda, P.; Yoosook, C.; Kasisit, J.; Taylor, W. C.; 

Reutrakul, V. Planta. Med., 2003, 69, 1141-1146. 

Wirawan Anuin (วิรวรรณ อนุอินทร) M.Ed. Student 

b. 1984 in Surat Thani, Thailand 



S2-P26 

Xanthones from the Root of Garcinia fusca Pierre 

Jannarin Nontakham, Raveevan Jittopas, Ukkarapong Krompo and Sunit Suksamrarn 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot 

University, Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. 


Garcinia fusca Pierre or “Madan-paa” in Thai (Clusiaceae) is commonly distributed in the north 

east of Thailand. Only one phytochemical study of the stem bark from this plant has been reported. 

This work described the isolation and structure elucidation as well as cytotoxic activities of some 

compounds isolated from the root of G. fusca. 

Methods 

The dried root of G. fusca (1.0 kg) was extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol by using 

Soxhlet extractor. The ethyl acetate extract (60.2 g) was subjected to silica gel column 

chromatography, eluting with hexane, acetone, and methanol in a polarity-gradient manner to afford 

compounds 1-8. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, especially using 

1D-, 2D-NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Some major compounds were then evaluated for 

cytotoxicity against three cancer cells, BC1, KB and NCI. 

Results 

The separation of ethyl acetate extract obtained from the root of G. fusca using chromatographic 

techniques resulted in the isolation of -mangostin (1), -mangostin (2), cowanin (3), cowaxanthone 

(4), cowanol (5), fuscaxanthone G (6), isojacareubin (7), 1,3,5,6-tetrahtdroxyxanthone (8). Among the 

compounds tested, compounds 1 and 3 showed potent cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer 

cell (BC-1) with the IC 50 values of 0.9 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Eight known xanthones (1-8) were obtained from the root of G. fusca. Compounds 7 and 8 were 

isolated for the first time from this plant species. 

Keywords: Garcinia fusca, xanthone, cytotoxic activity. 


1. Ito, C.; Itoigawa, M.; Takakura, T.; Ruangrungsi, N.; Enjo, F.; Tokuda, H.; Nishino, H.; Furukaw, H. J. 

Nat. Prod., 2003, 66, 200-205. 

2. Ishiguro, K.; Nagata, S.; Fukumoto, H.; Yamaki, M.; Isoi, K.; Oyama, Y. Phytochemistry, 1993, 32, 1583-1585. 

3. Frahm, A. W.; Chaudhuri, R. K. Tetrahedron, 1979, 35, 2035-2038. 

Jannarin Nontakham (จันทรนรินทร นนทะขาม) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Khon Kean, Thailand 


Research field: bioactive compounds from G. fusca Pierre.

S2-P27 

Labdane-type Diterpenes from the Flowers of Hedychium coronarium 

Ganchitchanug Sarasuk, a Nitirat Chimnoi, b Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham, b 

Somchai Pisutcharoenpong b and Supanna Techasakul a,b 



b Chulabhorn Research Institute, Vipavadee Rangsit Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. 


Hedychium coronarium Koenig (Zingiberaceae), a plant growing in South America, India and 

South East Asian Japan, is known in Thai as “Mahahong”. There are several common names 

including butterfly ginger, butterfly lily, cinnamon jasmine, garland flower, and ginger lily. The 

Hedychium coronarium flowers emit a fresh and sweet fragrant odor which can be described as 

resembling to that of gardenia flower. It was used in folk medicine to treat cold, headache, arthritis 

and injuries. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the 

constituents from the flowers of H. coronarium. This prompted us to study the chemical constituents 

from the flowers of H. coronarium including investigation of their cytotoxicity. 

Methods 

The fresh flowers of Hedychium coronarium were the macerated in dichloromethane and then 

were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford dark brown oil. The crude extract was subjected 

to silica gel column chromatography and eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate followed by methanol as a 

gradient to give 5 major fractions. Each fraction was further purified by column chromatography. The 

structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic method. 

Results 

The dichloromethane extract of the fresh flowers of Hedychium coronarium yielded three 

labdane-type diterpenes identified as (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (8.3 mg), Coronarin B (13 

mg) and Coronarin D (30 mg). 

Conclusion 

Three known labdane diterpenoids were isolated from fresh flowers of Hedychium coronarium. 

Their cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity will also be presented. 

Keywords: Hedychium coronarium, Zingiberaceae, Labdane diterpenes 


1. Itokawa, H.; Morita, H.; Katou, I.; Takeya, K.; Cavalheiro, J. A.; de Oliveira, R. C. B.; Ishige, M.; 

Motidome, M. Planta Med., 1988, 54, 311. 

2. Matsuda, H.; Morikawa, T.; Sakamoto, Y.; Toguchida, I.; Yoshikawa, M. Heterocycles, 2002, 56, 45. 

3. Matsuda, H.; Morikawa, T.; Sakamoto, Y.; Toguchida, I.; Yoshikawa, M. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2002, 10, 

2527. 

Ganchitchanuk Sarasuk (กานตชิษชนก สารสุข) M.Sc. Student 



Kasetsart University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008-present 

Research field: organic and natural product

S2-P28 

Chemical Constituents from the Twigs of Homalium tomentosum 

Thita Yodsawad, Yaowapa Sukpondma and Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul 




Homalium tomentosum, a plant belonging to the Flacourtiaceae family, is a medium sized tree. Its 

local name is Kha-nang. A methanol extract from its twigs displayed weak antioxidant and anti-HIV 

activities. Base on SciFinder database, the investigation of H. tomentosum has not been reported. 

Therefore, we are interested in the isolation and structural elucidation of chemical constituents from 

the twigs of H. tomentosum. 

Methods 

The crude methanol extract from the twigs of Homalium tomentosum was divided by dissolving 

with acetone to afford an acetone-soluble part and an acetone-insoluble one. The acetone soluble part 

was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 to yield six fractions. Selected 

fractions were purified by chromatographic techniques. 

Results 

The investigation of the crude methanol extract from the twigs of Homalium tomentosum led to 

two benzofuranone and two isocoumarin derivatives. Their structures were elucidated by 

spectroscopic method and comparison of 1 H and 13 C NMR data with those previously reported. 

Conclusion 

One new benzofuranone (1) and one new isocoumarin (4) derivatives together with cochinolide- 

-glucopyranoside (2) and isocoumarin (3) were isolated from the twigs of Homalium tomentosum. 

OH 

R 

R 

HO 

HO 

O 

OH 

O 

O 

O 

O 

O 

(1) R= H (3) R=H 

(2) R=OH (4) R=OH 

Keywords: Homalium tomentosum, benzofuranone derivatives, isocourmarin derivatives 


1. Ishikawa, T.; Nishigaya, K.; Uchikoshi, H.; Chen, I.-S. J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61, 534-537. 

2. Liao, H.-Y.; Cheng, C.-H. J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 3711-3716. 

Thita Yodsawad (ฐิตา ยอดสวัสดิ์) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P29 

Sesquiterpene Alkaloids from Maytenus mekongensis 

Thitima Lhinhatrakool and Somyote Sutthivaiyakit 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua 

Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 


Maytenus plants have been reported to process numerous biological activities including 

antileukemic and insecticidal activities. Many sesquiterpene pyridine alkaliods, triterpenes, and 

sesquiterpene polyesters have isolated. Since no prior works on chemical constituent of Maytenus 

mekongensis have been reported, we therefore aim to thoroughly investigate this plant. 

Methods 

The air dried roots of Maytenus mekongensis (Celastraceae) was ground and extracted successively 

with hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 and MeOH to obtain hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 and MeOH extracts. The crude CH 2 Cl 2 

extract, which showed cytotoxic activity with LC 50 0.274 g/mL using breast cancer MCF7 cell line, 

was separated by chromatographic techniques and yielded twelve sesquiterpene alkaloids and nine 

triterpenes. 

Results 

The investigation has led to the isolation of five sesquiterpene alkaloids, makongensine (1), and 

analogues (2-5) which are conjugate of a dihydro--agarofuran and O-acetyl-wilfordic acid. Other 

seven sesquiterpene alkaloids and nine triterpenes were also obtained. The structural elucidation was 

accomplished by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1-5 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity. 

Conclusion 

Twelve sesquiterpene alkaloids and nine triterpenes were isolated from the roots of Maytenus 

mekongensis. Five sesquiterpene alkaloids showed antiplasmodial activity. 

Keywords: Maytenus mekongensis, sesquiterpene alkaloids, mekongensine 


1. Itokawa, H.; Shirota, O.; Morita, H.; Takeya, K.; Iitaka, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 1247-1254. 

2. Sekar, K. V. S.; Campagne, J.-M; Sneden, A. T. Planta Med., 1996, 62, 368-370. 

3. Ngassapa, O.; Soejarto, D. D.; Pezzuto, J. M.; Farnsworth, N. R. Phytochemistry, 1994, 57, 1, 1-8. 

4. Itokawa, H.; Shirota, O.; Ikuta, H.; Morita, H.; Takeya, K.; Iitaka, Y. Phytochemistry, 1991, 30, 3713-3716. 

Thitima Lhinhatrakool (ธิติมา หลินหะตระกุล) Ph.D. Student 


Ramkhamhaeng University Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2000 

Ramkhamhaeng University Thailand, Applied Chemistry, M.Sc. 2005 

Research field: organic (natural product)

S2-P30 

Chemical Constituents from the Stems of 

Grammatophyllum Speciosum Blume 

Orawan Geskeaw, Thongchai Kruahong and Duangrut Patamaraka 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suratthani Rajabhat 

University,Surat-nasan Rd, Surat-Thani 84100, Thailand. 


Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume is the plant in the Orchidaceae family, which is locally 

known as “Wan hang chang” (วานหางชาง). It contains anti-venom properties. By pounding plant stem 

with alcohol and take liquid part to drink and put the pulp on the wound, it could treat for snake, 

centipede and scorpion wound inflammations. Plant rhizome is also used for detoxify snake and 

scorpion venom. To isolate, purify and identify chemical constituents from the Grammatophyllum 

speciosum Blume. 

Methods 

Air dried stems of the Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume (2 kg) were extracted with 

dichloromethane at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 

dichloromethane extract (62 g) which was further separated by chromatographic techniques. The 

isolated fraction with higher purity was further characterized by spectroscopic methods. 

Results 

Chromatographic separation of dichloromethane extract of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume 

(stems) has results in six compounds. The known compounds are stigmasterol (1) and -sitosterol (2). 

Structural elucidation of pure compounds (3-6) by spectroscopic methods is in progress. 

Conclusion 

Six compounds (1-6) were isolated from the stems of Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume. 

Keywords: Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume, Orchidaceae, stigmasterol, -sitosterol 


1. Xu, J.; Yu, H.; Qing, C.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Y. Fitoterapia, 2009, 80(7), 381-384. 

2. Chen, Y.; Li, J.; Wang, L.; Liu, Y. Biochem. Syst. Eco., 2008, 36(5), 458-460. 

Orawan Geskeaw (อรวรรณ เกษแกว) M.Ed. Student 

b 1984 in Surat-Thani, Thailand 



S2-P31 

C-7 Oxygenated Coumarins from the Fruits of Micromelum minutum 

Ratsami Lekphrom, a Somdej Kanokmedhakul, a Veerapol Kukongviriyapan b and Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul a 

a Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 


b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Micromelum minutum (Forst. f.) Wight & Arn. (Rutaceae) is a shrub up to 3 m in height, growing 

widely in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Its synonym is M. pubescens Blume and is known as 

"Hat-Sa-Khun", “Samat Ton”, or “Samat Dong” in Thai. This research focused on the determine the 

chemical constituents of fruits of M. minutum and search for bioactive principles against malaria, TB 

and cancer. 

Methods 

Air-dried fruits of M. minutum were extracted successively at room temperature using hexane, 

ethyl acetate and methanol. Removal of solvents yielded three crude extracts. Separation of each 

extract was performed mainly by column chromatography and recrystallization. The structures of the 

isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods. Finally, the compounds were 

evaluated for their bioactivities. 

Results 

Isolation of the hexane, EtOAc and MeOH extracts of M. minutum by chromatographic methods 

yielded two new 7-oxygenated coumarins, 7-hydroxy-murralonginol isovalerate (1) and 

murralonginol (2), together with seven known 7-oxygenated coumarins. The bioactivity assays 

showed that compounds 1-3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, 

cholangiocarcinoma (KKU-100), KB, NCI-H187 and MCF-7. Among these, 7 and 8 showed strong 

cytotoxicity against cholangiocacinoma (KKU-100) cell line (respective IC 50 values of 1.7 and 2.9 

µg/mL). In addition, 2 and 5 showed weak antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium 

tuberculosis (MIC 50 µg/mL for both). 

Conclusion 

Chromatographic separation of the hexane, EtOAc and MeOH extracts of fruits of M. minutum 

gave nine compounds, 1-9. Among these 1 and 2 were new 7-oxygenated coumarins. Compounds 2 

and 4-9 showed cytotoxicity against the cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-100). In addition, 

2 and 5 showed weak antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 

Keywords: Micromelum minutum, Rutaceae, coumarin, cholangiocarcinoma 


1. Ito, C.; Furugawa, H.; Ishii, H.; Ishikawa, T.; Haginiwa. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 2047-2045. 

2. Tantishaiyakul, V.; Pummangura, S.; Chaichantipyuth, C.; Ma, W. W.; McLaughlin, J. L. 

J. Nat. Prod., 1986, 49, 180-181. 

Ratsami Lekphrom (รัศมี เหล็กพรม) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P32 

Chemical Constituents from Murraya koenigii Stems 

Cholpisut Tantapakul, a Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, b Uma Prawat, c Sarot Cheenpracha d and 

Surat Laphookhieo a 

a Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, 

Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty Science, Chiangmai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c Faculty of Science and Technology, Phuket Rajabhat University, Muang, Phuket 83000, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao, 56000, Thailand. 


Murraya koenigii belongs to Rutaceae family. The plant is well known to be rich sources of 

carbazole alkaloids and many of them show interesting biological activities including anti-platelet 

aggregation, anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities. The main objective of this study is to isolate and 

characterize compounds from the stem of M. koenigii. 

Methods 

Air-dried stems of M. koenigii were extracted with EtOAc over a period of 3 days at room 

temperature. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure provided EtOAc extract which was 

further purified by chromatographic techniques. All pure compounds were characterized by 

spectroscopic methods. 

Results 

Chemical investigation of Murraya koenigii stems led to the isolation and identification of 

fourteen alkaloids, mahanimbinol, mahanimbine, murrayazolidine, murrayazoline, 

O-methylmahanine, girinimbine, murrayanine, O-methylmukonol, mukonine, murrayaquinone A, 

murrayaquinone B, furostifoline, 1-methoxy-3-oxymethylcarbazole and bismurrayafolinol. Their 

structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. In addition, murrayazoline was also 

confirmed by X-ray diffraction data. 

Conclusion 

Fourteen known carbazole alkaloids were isolated from EtOAc extract of Murraya koenigii stems. 

Keywords: Murraya koenigii, Rutaceae, carbazole alkaloids 


1. Furukawa, H.; Wu, T. S.; Ohta, T.; Kuoh, C. S. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1985, 33, 4132-4138. 

2. Ito, C.; Thoyama, Y.; Omura, M.; Kajiura, I.; Furukawa, H. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1993, 41, 2096-2100. 

Cholpisut Tantapakul (ชลพิสุทธิ์ ตันตาปกุล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1988 in Krabi, Thailand 

Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand, Applied Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: natural product chemistry

S2-P33 

Diterpenoids from the Roots of Premna obtusifolia 

Abdulwahab Salae, a Chatchanok Karalai, a,b Chanita Ponglimanont a and Suchada Chanyrapromma a,b 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Crystal Materials Research Unit and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 



To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Premna obtusifolia. 

To elucidate structures from isolated pure compounds by spectroscopic techniques. 

To test for biological activity against bacteria and inflammatory activity. 

Methods 

Air-dried roots of premna obtusifolia (4.5 kg) were minced and extracted with hexane and 

methylene chloride successively. The hexane and methylene chloride extracts were subjected to quick 

column chromatography over siliga gel and crystallizaton. 

Results 

The chromatographic separation of hexane and methylene chloride extracts led to the isolation of 

ten abietane-tpye diterpenoids: ferruginol (1), sugiol (2), royleanone (3), horminone (4), montbretrol 

(5), 6-hydroxysulvinolone (6), taxodion (7), arucadiol (8), 12-hydroxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-triene- 

6,7-dial (9), salvicanaraldehyde (10) and three icetexane-type diterpenoids: 5,6-dihydro-6αhydroxysalviasperanol 

(11), salviasperanol (12) and 11,12-dihydroxy-8,11,13-icetexatrien-1-one (13). 

Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis. 

Conclusion 

Thirteen known diterpenoids (1-13) were isolated from the roots of Premna obtusifolia. 

Keywords: diterpenoid, abietane, icetexane, Premna obtusifolia 


1. Luis, J. G.; Grillo, T. A. Tetrahedron, 1993, 49, 6277-6284. 

2. Pertino, M. W.; Hirschmann, G. S. Planta Med., 2010, 76, 629-632. 

3. Su, W.-C.; Fang, J.-M.; Cheng, Y.-S. Phytochemistry, 1994, 35, 1279-1284. 

4. Ara, I.; Siddiqui, B. S.; Faizi, S.; Siddiqui, S. J. Nat. Prod., 1988, 51, 1054-1061. 

Abdulwahab Salae (อับดุลวาหาบ สาและ) Ph.D. Student 




S2-P34 

Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Premna pyramidata 

Khrongkwan Monprasart, Yaowapa Sukpondma and Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat 



Premna pyramidata, locally name as Piat, belongs to the family Labiatae. P. pyramidata is widely 

grown in Malaysia and Thailand. Plant in the genus Premna is known to be rich in variety of 

compounds such as flavonoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids. Some of these compounds showed 

interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant activities. Based on the 

literature search, phytochemical investigation on P. pyramidata has not been reported. This prompted 

us to investigate its chemical constituents in order to provide additional information of this plant. 

Methods 

The crude methanol extract from the leaves of P. pyramidata was separated by quick column 

chromatography with dicholomethane-methanol to yield eight fractions. Selected fractions were 

further purified by column chromatography and/or precoated TLC to obtain two knowns (1 and 2) 

compounds. 

Results 

The crude methanol extract from the leaves of P. pyramidata was subjected to chromatographic 

methods led to the isolation of two flavonoids: apigenin (1) and selagin (2). 

Conclusion 

Two flavonoids are apigenin (1) and selagin (2) were isolated from the crude methanol extract 

from the leaves of P. pyramidata. 

Keywords: Premna pyramidata, flavonoids, labiatae, apigenin, selagin 


1. Esmaeili, M. A.; Sadeghi, H. Pharmacologyonline, 2009, 2, 341-353. 

2. Rafi, R. D.; Pomilio, A. B. Phytochemistry, 1958, 24(9), 2131-2132. 

Khrongkwan Monprasart (ครองขวัญ มนตประสาธน) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P35 

Bioactive Alkaloids from the Tuber of Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng 

Samang Mogkhuntod, a Arthit Makarasen, b Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham, b Nitirat Chimnoi, b 

Vorravee Kongkun b and Supanna Techasakul a,b 



b Chulabhorn Research Institute, Vipavadee-Rangsit Highway, Bangkok 10210, Thailand. 


Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng (Menispermaceae), locally known in Thailand as sabu leuad or 

blood-soap because of its red juice, is a very rich source of isoquinoline-derived alkaloids. A 

characteristic feature of the plant is its large tuber with the long stem of the climber emerges and red 

sap. The tubers of this plant have been used in Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, 

microbial infection, hyperglycemia and cancer. The objective of this work was to study the chemical 

constituents from S. venosa tuber including investigation of their biological activities. 

Methods 

Fresh tuber of S. venosa was cleaned, sliced and successively extracted with methanol, 

respectively. The methanolic extract was filtered and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The 

crude extract was separated and purified mainly by chromatographic methods. The structures of the 

isolated compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods. Finally, the isolated compounds 

were evaluated for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. 

Results 

Five known alkaloids were isolated from the tuber of S. venosa, namely, ()-tetrahydro palmatine 

(1), ()-crebanine (2), dehydrocrebanine (3), ()-sukhodianine (4) and oxocrebanine (5). Their 

structures were established from spectroscopic data and compared to the data previously reported in 

the literature. Compound 1, 2 and 4 displayed weak activity against various cancer cell lines whereas 

3 showed moderate activities against MOLT-3 cell lines. However, 5 exhibited strong activities 

against MOLT-3 and T47-D cell lines, respectively. Compound 3, 4 and 5 displayed moderate 

antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis while 1 and 2 showed weak activities against various 

bacteria. 

Conclusion 

Oxocrebanine (5) showed stronger activities against MOLT-3 and T47-D together with 

antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis comparing to the other isolated alkaloids. 

Keywords: Stephania venosa, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic activity 


1. Nantapap, S.; Loetchutinat, C.; Meepowpan, P.; Nuntasaen, N.; Pompimon, W. Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2010, 

7(8), 1057-1065. 

2. Carmichael, J.; Degraff, W. G.; Gazdar, A. F.; Minna, Jd.; Mitchell, J. B. Cancer Res., 1987, 47, 936-942. 

Samang Mogkhuntod (สําอาง หมอกขุนทด) M.Sc. Student 



Kasetsart University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007-present 

Research field: organic chemistry and natural product

S2-P36 

Diterpenoids from the Roots of Trigonostemon reidioides 

Praphakorn Kaemchantuek, Ratchanaporn Chokchaisiri and Apichart Suksamrarn 




Trigonostemon reidioides commonly known as Lot Thanong in Thai. The roots of this plant 

species has been used in traditional medicine as antidote, expectorant and laxative. Previous 

phytochemical studies on this plant include the isolation of a phenanthrenone, alkaloid and daphnane 

diterpenoids. The hexane and EtOAc extracts of T. reidioides roots exhibited potent cytotoxic 

activities among the crude extracts. 

Methods 

The air-dried roots of T. reidioides were milled and soaked successively with n-hexane, EtOAc 

and MeOH. The hexane and EtOAc extracts were subjected to silica gel column chromatography to 

yield two new diterpenes, named 12-O-methyltrigonostemon B (1) and 7-oxotrigonostemon C (5), 

together with three known diterpenes, trigonostemone (2), 5S-1,2-dihydroheudelotinol (3) and 

trigonostemon C (4). 

Results 

The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods whereas those of 

the known compounds were identified by comparison with the spectroscopic data with the previous 

reports. The 1 H-NMR spectrum of compound 1 indicated the presence of two doublet signals at 6.81 

(1H, J = 10.0 Hz, H-1) and 6.12 (1H, J = 10.0 Hz, H-2). The 1 H-NMR spectrum exhibited a methoxyl 

signal at 3.88 (3H, s) which were correlated to the 13 C-NMR signal at 55.6. This was further 

confirmed by HMBC correlation of methoxyl group with C-12. The 1 H-NMR features of compound 5 

were similar to those of compound 1. Comparison of the 1 H-NMR spectrum of 5 with that of 1 

indicated that significant difference were the absence of doublet signal and the presence of methoxyl 

group at the 1-position. In the HMBC spectra, the methoxyl signal showed correlation with C-1. 

Conclusion 

Investigation of the roots of T. reidioides has led to the isolation of two new diterpenes, 12-Omethyltrigonostemon 

B and 7-oxotrigonostemon C, together with three known diterpenes, trigonostemone 

(2), 5S-1,2-dihydroheudelotinol (3) and trigonostemon C (4). 

Keywords: Trigonostemon reidioides, diterpenes 


1. Kokpol, U.; Thebpatiphat, S.; Boonyaratavej, S.; Chedchuskulcal, V. J. Nat. Prod., 1990, 53, 1148-1151. 

Parphakorn Kaemchantuek (ประภากร แคมจันทึก) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: organic chemistry

S2-P37 

Chemical Constituents from Dichloromethane Extract of 

Vernonia scandens Twigs 

Anuruk Chailungka and Puttinan Meepowpan 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Huykaew Rd, 



The genus Vernonia, in Compositae family, comprising about 1000 species is mainly distributed 

in the torrid zones of America, Asia, and Africa. 1 It should be noted that flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids, 

diterpenes, alkaloids, triterpenoids and cardiac glycosides have also been reported from this genus. 2,3 

This class of compounds has been reported to be insect antifeedant, antifungal, cytotoxic and 

antitumor activities. 4 However, phytochemical and biological study has not been done on Vernonia 

scandens. In this study, we will focus on the investigation of chemical composition and bioactive 

substances of Vernonia scandens twigs. 

Methods 

The air dried twigs of Vernonia scandens (2,583.16 g) was successively extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 

and MeOH twice (3 day each) at room temperature, followed by remove the solvent under reduce 

pressure to dryness, to yield the crude CH 2 Cl 2 (23.9832 g, 1.12% yield) and MeOH (5.1012 g, 0.63% 

yield), respectively. The crude CH 2 Cl 2 extract was applied on column chromatography (silica gel) and 

eluted with gradient mixtures of n-hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc and MeOH of increasing polarity, as 

eluent, to give 9 fractions (VS1 to VS9). 

Results 

Fractions VS2, VS4, VS5 and VS7 were isolated again by column chromatography. The isolated 

results obtained lupeol acetate (0.1626 g), eugenol (0.1185 g), neo-lignan (0.0860 g) and the mixture 

of -sitosterol (0.6977 g) and stigmasterol (0.5623 g), respectively. All structures were identified 

using spectroscopic techniques which are 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and MS and compared those 

compounds with the literatures. 

Conclusion 

Lupeol acetate, eugenol, neo-lignan, -sitosterol, stigmasterol can be successfully isolated by 

column chromatography from the crude CH 2 Cl 2 extract of Vernonia scandens twigs. 

Keywords: Vernonia scandens, lupeol acetate, eugenol, neo-lignan, -sitosterol, stigmasterol 


1. Jun H.; Sheng-Ping, Y.; Bo-Jun, X.; Shang-Gao, L.; Li-ping L.; Jian, D.; Jian-Min, Y. J. Asian, 2008, 10, 

571-575. 

2. Alembert, T. T.; Pierre, T.; Johnson, F. A.; Joseph, D. C. Phytochemistry, 2003, 63, 841-846. 

3. Olha, K.; Victor, C.; Renato, M.; Luis, P.; Irmgard, M. Phytochemistry, 2006, 67, 62-69. 

4. Erasto, P.; Grierson, D. S.; Afolayan, A. J. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2006, 106, 117-120. 

Anuruk Chailungka (อนุรักษ ใชยลังกา) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: natural product and organic synthesis

S2-P38 

Phenolic Alkanones from Zingiber officinale Rhizomes with 

Cytotoxic Activity Against Cancer Cell Lines 

Anan Athipornchai, a Khanitha Pudhom, b Supichar Chokpaiboon c and Apichart Suksamrarn a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 


b Department of Chemistry and c Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, 

Thailand. 


Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used 

both as a popular food ingredient and a medicinal herb all over the world. Its medicinal uses range from 

the treatment of various gastrointestinal ailments, such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomforts. In 

addition to these well-documented properties of ginger, recent scientific studies have revealed that ginger 

also possesses anticancer properties in wide range of experiment models. Here we report the isolation, 

structural characterization and cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against human cancer cell lines. 

Methods 

Powdered air-dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale (11.0 kg) was successively extracted with n-hexane, 

EtOAc and MeOH at ambient temperature. After removal of solvents under reduced pressure, the hexane 

(576.9 g), EtOAc (425.0 g) and MeOH (980.5 g) extracts were obtained. The hexane and EtOAc extracts 

were separately subjected to silica gel column chromatography. 

Results 

Chromatographic separation of the hexane and EtOAc extracts of Z. officinale rhizomes yielded twelve 

compounds, [6]-gingerol (1), [8]-gingerol (2), [10]-gingerol (3), [6]-shogaol (4), [8]-shogaol (5), [10]- 

shogaol (6), [6]-dehydrogingerdione (7), [10]-dehydrogingerdione (8), α-curcumene (9), galanolactone 

(10), -sitosterol (11) and trans-feruloyloxytricosanoic acid (12). Their structures were identified on the 

basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compound 12 was isolated for the first time from Z. officinale. 

Compound 1, 4 and 7 were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: breast 

carcinoma (MCF-7), small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H187), gastric carcinoma (Kato-3), colon carcinoma 

(SW-620) and hepato carcinoma (Hep-G2). Compound 1 showed weak to moderate activity against the 

NCI-H187 (30.55 µg/ml) and Kato-3 (8.50 µg/ml) cells. Compound 4 showed strong cytotoxicity against 

NCI-H187 cell line with IC 50 value of 0.64 µg/ml and it was weak to moderate activity against the MCF-7, 

Kato-3, SW-620 and Hep-G2 cell lines with IC 50 value of 5.58, 8.22, 4.29 and 7.19 µg/ml, respectively. In 

addition, compound 7 showed weak to moderate activity against the MCF-7 (38.55 µg/ml), NCI-H187 

(9.33 µg/ml), Hep-G2 (8.07 µg/ml) and Kato-3 (6.37 µg/ml) cells. 

Conclusion 

Chemical investigation of the rhizomes of Z. officinale has led to the isolation of one sesquiterpene, 

one diterpene, eight phenolic alkanones, one ferulate ester and one steroid. Compounds 1 and 7 exhibited 

weak to moderate cytotoxic activity while compound 4 showed strong cytotoxicity to NCI-H187 cell line. 

Keywords: Zingiber officinale, phenolic alkanone, cytotoxic activity 


1. Ma, J.; Jin, X.; Yang, L.; Lui, Z. L. Phytochemistry, 2004, 65, 1137-1143. 

2. Wei, Q. Y.; Ma, J. P.; Cai, Y. J.; Yang, L.; Liu, Z. L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2005, 102, 177-184. 

3. Kawanishi, K.; Hashimoto, Y. Phytochemistry, 1987, 26, 749-752. 

Anan Athipornchai (อนันต อธิพรชัย) Ph.D. Student 


Silpakorn University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2005 

Silpakorn University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: chemistry and biological activities of natural products

S2-P39 

Anticancer Compounds in Bran of Black Rice Cultivar Riceberry 

Panawan Suttiarporn, a Vijittra Leardkamolkarn, b Suwaporn Luangkamin a and Sugunya Wongpornchai a 



b Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


A variety of pigmented rice bran are considered as a potentail food source for development of 

nutraceuticals since their pigments that are often produced have biological activities, especially those 

benefits to human health. This research was focused on studying biologically active compounds in 

extracts of the Riceberry bran that could inhibit cancer cells. 

Methods 

Three extracts of the Riceberry bran that were obtained by successive extraction with hexane 

dichloromethane and methanol were tested for inhibitory activities against MCF-7 breast cancer, 

Caco-2 Colorectal cancer and HL-60 Leukeamia cell lines. Then, the dichloromethane extract was 

fractioned by flash column chromatography. The crude extracts and all fractions were then subjected 

to analysis by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). 

Results 

The result showed good inhibitory activities of the dichloromethane extract againt breast cancer 

cell at 0.32 mg/ml, colon cancer at 1.54 mg/ml and HL-60 Leukeamia at 0.28 mg/ml. It was found by 

GC-MS that the crude dichloromethane extract contained some active compounds in a group of 

triterpenoids and steriods more than the other crude extracts, especially 24-Methylenecycloartan-3- 

one, a cycloartane type triterpenes which was found for the first time in rice bran. In some fractions of 

the dichloromethane extract, the biologically active compounds found were triterpenoids such as 

cycloartanol and steroids such as campesterol. 

Conclusion 

The triterpenoids and steroids that found in the fractions of the crude dichromethane extract of 

Riceberry bran were assumed to play an important role in cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. 

Keywords: riceberry, anticancer compounds, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, leukeamia, 

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 


1. Leardkamolkarn, V.; Thongthep W.; Suttiarporn, P.; Kongkachuichai, R.;Wongpornchai, S.; Wanavijitr, A. 

Food Chem., 2011, 285, 978-985. 

2. Nakornriab, M.; Sriseadka, T.; Wongpornchai, S. J. Food Lipids, 2008, 15, 488-503. 

3. Conforti, F.; Sosa, S.; Marrelli, M.; Menichini, F.; Statti, G. A.; Uzunov, D.; Tubaro, A.; Menichini, F. 

Food Chem., 2008, 112, 587-594. 

Panawan Suttiarporn (พนาวัลย สุทธิอาภรณ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Chantaburi, Thailand 



S2-P40 

Total Phenolic Content and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of 

Rice Bran Extract from Colored and Non-colored Thai Rice Cultivars 

Kamonchanok Chakuton, a,b Darunee Puangpronpitag a,c 

and Muntana Nakornriab a,b 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 

c Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand. 


Rice is a staple food being consumed by nearly half of the world population. Nutritional quality of 

rice has received more attention in the developing countries, where monotonous consumption of rice 

may lead to deficiencies of essential minerals, vitamins, and other nutritional compositions. 

Numerous studies have shown that the essential phytochemicals in fruits, vegetables and cereal grains, 

including rice bran, are significantly associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. 

Therefore, this study was to extract rice bran from colored and non-colored Thai rice cultivars, 

determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of rice bran extract. 

Methods 

Rice bran cultivars of colored and non-colored from Thailand was extracted twice with methanol, 

through filter paper and the twice was mixture, remove solvent and calculated % yield. The extract 

was determined the total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, expressed as mg gallic acid 

equivalent (GAE) /g dry material, measured absorbance at 760 nm. Determined the antioxidant 

activity by mixed with DPPH methanolic solution, measured absorbance at 517 nm and compared 

with standard butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA). 

Results 

Total phenolic content of rice bran extract cultivar 53 (colored cultivar) was highest total phenolic 

content with 0.27 GAE mg/100 mg extract. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method, cultivar 53 was 

highest antioxidant activity with IC 50 912.71, compare with standard BHA, IC 50 0.079. 

Conclusion 

It can be concluded that rice bran extract cultivar 53 contained high phenolic content and high 

antioxidant activity. These results suggest that extract of rice bran from colored cultivar may useful as 

food health product in industry or produced medicine preventing disease of cancer. 

Keywords: DPPH, phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, rice bran 


1. Badr El-din, N. K.; Noaman, E.; Ghoneum, M. Cancer Lett., 2008, 268, 348-359. 

2. Butsat, S.; Siriamornpun, S. Food Chem., 2010, 119, 606-613. 

3. Lai, P.; Li, K. Y.; Lu, S.; Chen, H. H. Food Chem., 2009, 117, 538-544. 

Kamonchanok Chakuton (กมลชนก ชากุทน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Nongkhai, Thailand 


Research field: natural products, phytochemistry, and nutritional biochemistry

S2-P41 

The Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds from Corn and Ground Nut 

Husks by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Solid State Fermentation 

Keerati Tanruean, a Pimpilai Fusawat, a Nopakarn Chandet, a Pairoje Kijjanapanich b and 

Nuansri Rakariyatham a 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Huay Kaew Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


The production of phenolic compounds from agricultural crop residues, like ferulic acid which is 

a predominant phenolic acid, is becoming increasingly popular due to their antioxidant and 

antimicrobial properties. Moreover, ferulic acid has been used as a starting material in its 

bioconversion to vanillin. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the phenolic 

compounds from corn and ground nut husks in terms of the alkaline hydrolysis and solid state 

fermentation. 

Methods 

1. In alkaline hydrolysis, 5 g of corn husk or ground nut husk were extracted by 50 mL 0.5 N 

NaOH under continuous shaking (100 rpm, 30 º C) for 3 h. Then, the liquor was separated from the 

solid fraction by centrifugation and filtration. 

2. In solid state fermentation, the phenolic compound extracts were obtained from a solid culture 

medium containing 5 g of corn husk or ground nut husk with 0.02 g of glucose in 15 mL of deionized 

water. After being autoclaved, two 6 mm agar plugs were inoculated with L. aquarrosulus no. 3 and 

L. polychrous no. 1, at ambient temperatures for 28 days. After harvesting, the culture flasks were 

suspended in 50 mL of deionized water and incubated on a rotary shaker (100 rpm, 30 º C) for 3 h. The 

incubated samples were then centrifuged and filtered. 

The extracts from two different procedures were determined for the total phenolic content using 

the Folin-ciocalteu method. 

Results 

It was of interest that the high content of phenolic compounds were found in the extracts of the 

corn and ground nut husk that had been treated with 0.5 N NaOH. The total phenolic compounds in 

corn and ground nut husks were found to be 27.75 and 6.85 mg ferulic acid /g dry sample, respectively. 

Whereas, the solid state fermentation was found to release lesser amount of phenolic compounds than 

alkaline hydrolysis. The released phenolic compounds from mycelia culture of L. aquarrosulus no. 3 

and L. polychrous no.1 in ground nut husks were 0.39 and 0.38 mg ferulic acid /g dry sample, respectively. 

While, the phenolic contents from corn husks in the culture of L. aquarrosulus no. 3 and L. 

polychrous no.1 were 0.78 and 1.03 mg ferulic acid /g dry sample, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The results showed that alkaline hydrolysis is the effective procedure to extract total phenolic 

compounds from corn and ground nut husks rather than the solid state fermentation. 

Keywords: alkaline hydrolysis, solid state fermentation, Lentinus squarrosulus, L. polychrous. 


1. Chanwitheesuk, A.; Teerawutgulrag, A.; Rakariyatham, N. Food Chem., 2005, 92, 491-497. 

2. Xie, C.-X.; Gu, Z.-X.; You, X.; Liu, G.; Tan, Y.; Zhang, H. Enzyme Microb. Tech., 2010, 46, 125-128. 

Keerati Tanruean (กีรติ ตันเรือน) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry, B.Sc. 2006 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biotechnology, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: bioproducts

S2-P42 

Protein Engineering of OsBADH1 from Rice (Oryza sativa) for 

Substrate Specificity 

Kultida Jiamsomboon a and Nonlawat Boonyalai a,b 

a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 11400, Thailand. 

b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, 

Thailand. 


Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes the last step in the synthesis of the 

osmoprotectant glycine betaine from betaine aldehyde (Bet-ald). Rice (Oryza sativa) has two BADH 

homologs, OsBADH1 and OsBADH2. Several experiments have shown that both OsBADHs are 

more catalytically active towards GAB-ald than Bet-ald. To elucidate and understand the substrate 

specificity of OsBADH1, we performed protein engineering to dissect the important residue in the 

substrate binding pocket of OsBADH1 using site-directed mutagenesis. Molecular docking was also 

performed to visualize the spatial arrangement of the substrates in wild-type and mutant enzyme. The 

information gained from this study may provide a platform to produce a tailor-made enzyme for 

GABA production. 

Methods 

The pET-28b(+)-OsBADH1 plasmid was used as a template for amplification of W172A. PCR 

was performed using QuikChange ® Lightning Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit. The expression of the 

recombinant proteins was performed in E. coli BL21(DE3). Both wildtype and mutant were purified 

using HiTrap Chelating HP column. Enzyme activities were then determined using Bet-ald and GABald 

as substrates. The fluorescence binding study was also carried out. SWISS MODEL was 

employed to create the structure of model OsBADH1. Molecular docking analysis was performed on 

AUTODOCK 4.0. The lowest energy and highest populations were visualized and analyzed by 

PyMOL v0.99. 

Results 

The W172A mutant was successfully expressed and purity to high yield. According to the kinetic 

result, the K m values for OsBADH1 with Bet-ald and GAB-Ald were 1381.56 µM and 567.03 µM, 

respectively. The K m values for W172A with Bet-ald and GAB-Ald were 107.34 µM and 849.50 µM, 

respectively. The k cat /K m values of OsBADH1 with Bet-ald and GAB-Ald were 957.6 M -1 s -1 and 

1159.1 M -1 s -1 , respectively. The k cat /K m values of W172A with Bet-ald and GAB-Ald were 4.34 x 10 -5 

M -1 s -1 and 1102.64 M -1 s -1 , respectively. The fluorescence binding result revealed the K d value for 

NAD + of OsBADH1 was 34.26 µM and of W172A was 56 µM. 

Conclusion 

W172A mutant exhibited the different substrate specificity towards Bet-ald and GAB-ald. Trp172 

has to be the key residue to recognize the substrate. Further investigation will be carried out in order 

to dissect the substrate specificity of OsBADH1. 

Keywords: betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases, OsBADH1, Bet-ald, GAB-ald and rice (Oryza sativa) 


1. Bradbury, L. M. T.; Fitzgerald, T. L.; Henry, R. J.; Jin, Q. S.; Waters, D. L. E. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2005, 3, 

363-370. 

2. Mitsuya, S.; Yokota, Y.; Fujiwara, T.; Mori, N.; Takabe, T. FEBS Lett., 2009, 583, 3625-3629. 

Kultida Jiamsomboon (กุลธิดา เจียมสมบุญ) M.Sc. Student 


Kasetsart University, Thailand, Biochemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: protein engineering

S2-P43 

The Total Phenolic Contents and Their Antioxidant Activity from 

Leaves in Different Growth Stage of Thai Glutinous Rice Cultivars 

Jiraporn Krasaetep, a,b Muntana Nakornriab a,b and Darunee Puangpronpitag a,c 


University, Mahasarakham 44150 Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150 Thailand. 



In Thailand, black rice is the send most common rice and grown in the Northeastern and Northern 

parts of country. The types of black rice include non-glutinous and glutinous rice. In contain high 

amounts of protein, phytofats, cellulose, minerals and pigmented. It is rich in anthocyanins, which are 

important to suppress oxidation in the body. The aims of this research work to investigate the total 

phenolic contents and antioxidand activity of leaves in different growth stage of Thai black glutinous 

rice cultivars. 

Methods 

The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteau method (Bonli 

et al., 2004) and antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicalscavenging 

activity (Chan et al., 2007 and Lin & Yao, 2007). 

Results 

The TPC was expressed as gallic acid equivalents and EC 50 as determined by DPPH assay from 

leaf rice extracts was shown in Table 1. The results indicated that the TPC was in the range of 3.67- 

4.89, 2.65-3.71 and 3.10-4.16 mg GAE/ g from the leaf of tillering, booting and heading stage rice 

extracts, respectively. The higher TPC levels have been detected in Black glutinous rice (No.2) from 

the leaf of rice extracts, and the lower in Black glutinous rice (No.13) from the leaf of rice extracts. 

For the DPPH radical concentration by 50%, the leaf of booting rice from Black glutinous rice (No.2) 

was the highest antioxidant activity (EC 50 = 1.77 mg/ml) while the leaf of heading stage from Black 

glutinous rice (No.13) was the lowest antioxidant activity (EC 50 = 13.44 mg/ml). 

Conclusion 

From these results it can be concluded that, the leaves in different growth stage of Thai sticky rice 

cultivars such as tillering rice, booting rice, and heading stage rice, Black glutinous rice (No.2) from 

the leaf of rice extracts showed the high TPC and antioxidant activity. 

Keywords: total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, Thai glutinous rice 


1. Bonoli, M.; Verardo, V.; Marconi, E.; Caboni, M. F. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 5195-5200. 

2. Butsat, S.; Siriamoanpun, S. Food Chem., 2010, 119, 606-613. 

3. Chan, E. W. C.; Lim, Y. Y.; Omar, M. Food Chem., 2007, 104, 1586-1593. 

4. Liu, Q.; Yao, H. Food Chem., 2007, 102, 732-737. 

Jirapora Krasaetep (จิราภรณ กระแสเทพ) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P44 

Volatile Metabolite Profile of the Brown Planthopper Resistance 

Thai Rice Varieties cv. Supan Buri 

Kitsada Pitija and Sugunya Wongpornchai 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 

239 Huaykeaw, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Rice is the most important economic crop in Thailand that returns large amount of income to the 

country each year. However, yield of rice may be lost due to pests and environment factors. Brown 

planthopper (BPH) or Nilaparvata lugens Stål, one of dangerous rice pests, has damaged rice in a 

farm continuously. Synthetic insecticides are currently the main solutions for BHP. However, the use 

of synthetic insecticides could be dangerous to humans and the environment. Recently, the 

substitutions of insecticides by natural products have increased significantly with regard to research, 

especially when considering the health and environmental benefits. Alternatively the use of resistance 

rice variety is another effective way in the control of rice insect pests. This research aims to 

investigate the volatile metabolites in leaves and leaf sheath of rice varieties resist BPH using gas 

chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas 

chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC×GC-MS) techniques. 

Methods 

The volatile metabolites of leaves and leaf sheaths of rice varieties resist BHP including Supan 

Buri 1, Supan Buri 2 and Supan Buri 3 were analyzed by using solid phase microextraction 

(SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additional analyses by comprehensive 

two-dimension gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) were also performed in order 

to accurately identify as many rice volatiles as possible. 

Results 

Sixty-four volatile components were tentatively identified by GC-MS, whereas 188 compounds 

among at least 347 components detected in total were identified by GC×GC-MS. 3-Hexanol, betaionone, 

tetradecanal, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, 3-acetyl-2,6-hexanedione, tridecanal, 

beta-ionone epoxide, and 2-hexanol, were found as the major volatile components in the leaves and 

leaf sheaths of all rice samples. In addition, apocarotenoids compounds, including alpha-ionone, betaionone 

and beta ionone epoxide were consistently detected in leaves and leaf sheath of the rice 

samples which suggested that these compounds may be involved in resistant mechanism of the rices 

to BPH. 

Conclusion 

The apocarotenoids that may be involved in resistant mechanism of the rices to BPH including 

alpha ionone, beta ionone and beta ionone epoxide were clearly identified by the use of GC×GC-MS 

techniques. Thus, the absence of these volatile metabolites in GC×GC-MS profiles of the susceptible 

rice varieties should be performed in further experiment. 

Keywords: SPME, GC-MS, GC×GC-MS, brown planthopper 


1. Kong C.; Liang W.; Xu X.; Hu F.; Wang P., Jiang Y.; J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52(10), 2861-2865. 

2. Pripdeevech P.; Wongpornchai S.; Marriott P.; Phytochem. Anal. 2010, 21, 163-173. 

Kitsada Pitija (กฤษดา ปติจะ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: natural products and chromatography

S2-P45 

Investigation of Metabolites and Precursors Involved in Biosynthetic 

Pathway of an Aroma Compound, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), in Rice 

Watcharapong Chumpolsri, Suwaporn Luangkamin and Sugunya Wongpornchai 


Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


The metabolites involved in biosynthesis of the key aroma compound of rice, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 

(2AP), are very useful for better understanding of rice genomic phenotypings which aid the 

improvement of rice breeding programs. These metabolites were studied by comparing the total 

metabolites between 2 rice cultivars that have the different in position of gene related to the aroma 

quality, which are called “isogenic line” rice. The metabolites which are only found in aromatic rice 

were assumed as the precursors in 2AP biosynthesis. This research aimed to investigate precursors 

and metabolites involving in biosynthesis pathway of 2AP using metabolomic approach. 

Methods 

Metabolites from leaves of the isogenic line rice were extracted by solvent extraction using a 

number of solvents. Then, the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 

(GC-MS). Also amino acids from the some rice leaves were analyzed by derivartization using 

phenylisothiocyanate. Then, the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 

(LC-MS). 

Results 

Comparison of metabolites identified in leaves of both isogenic line rice revealed the differences 

in chemical structures of some metabolites only found in aromatic isogenic line such as 2-acetyl-1- 

pyrroline, pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde, 4-amino-butylaldehyde, 2-oxo-2-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)acetic acid, 

2,4-Pentanedione and 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one. Twelve amino acids from isogenic line rice leaf 

extracts were found only in tillering, panicle initiation to booting and flowering stage. These 

identified amino acids were alanine, arginine, asparagines, aspartic acid, glycine, isoleucine, 

phenylalanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, valine, glutamic acid, glutamine, treonine, lysine and GABA. 

Among them, Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tyrosine, glutamic acid and threonine were found in the 

aromatic rice leaf extracts more than those of the non-aromatic rice. 

Conclusion 

Some metabolites and amino acids which were found in aromatic isogenic line were assumed as 

precursors that could lead to the configuring of biosynthetic pathway of the 2AP. 

Keywords: 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, biosynthetic pathway, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 


1. Huang, T. C.; Teng, C. S.; Chang, J. L.; Chuang, H. S.; Ho, C. T.; Wu., M. L. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 

56, 7399-7404. 

2. Chen, S.; Yang, Y.; Shi, W.; Ji, Q.; He, F.; Zhang, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, X.; Xu, M. The Plant Cell, 2008, 20, 

1850-1861. 

3. Li, X.; Hoffmann, E. D. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1997, 8, 1078-1084. 

Watcharapong Chumpolsri (วัชรพงษ ชุมพลศรี) Ph.D. Student 




S2-P46 

Rice Vinegar Production by Using Solid State Fermentation 

Peranart Jaimalai, Nopakarn Chandet and Pairoje Kijjanapanich 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiangmai University, 

Huay kaew Rd, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand. 


Thai rice has unique properties, whether odor, taste or texture. Producing vinegar from Thai rice 

is another interesting option that change rice into healthy product. Presently, rice vinegar which is 

produced from traditional fermentation has become more than a condiment while food safety and 

healthy have received much attention. Rice vinegar production consists in 3 steps: saccharification, 

alcoholic fermentation and acetic acid fermentation. 

In this experiment, 2 types of rice including black fragrant rice and red cargo rice were used as 

raw material for traditional vinegar fermentation. The aim of this research is to improve the 

fermentation process of rice vinegar production by using solid state fermentation. 

Methods 

The suitable period of fermentation was divided into 3 steps as 3-days saccharification, 7-days 

alcohol fermentation and 7-days acetic acid fermentation. 1% Tanekoji of A. oryzae TISTR 3018 was 

used as inoculums in saccharification step. After 3 days of saccharification, the suspension of S. 

cecrvisiae TISTR 5049 was added to convert sugar to alcohol and A. aceti TISTR 102 inoculum was 

added to convert ethanol to acetic acid. The amount of remaining sugar and acetic acid were detected 

by DNS method and titration, respectively. Alcoholic concentration was distillated and measured by 

using refractometer. 

Results 

The concentration of sugar in black fragrant rice and red cargo rice (pre-alcohol fermentation; 

post-alcohol fermentation) were 1,401.3; 511.2 and 3,231; 101.25 mg/100 g rice, respectively. The 

acetid acid content measured by titration of black fragrant rice and red cargo rice were 2.003% w/v 

and 0.651% w/v, in 25 th and 31 st day after acetic acid fermentation, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The sugar content of red cargo rice obtained by DNS method was higher than black fragrant rice 

and its ratio of sugar conversion was also highly. In spite of the high sugar content, the acetic acid 

concentration of red cargo rice was lower than black fragrant rice while the acetic acid conversion rate 

depends on alcoholic concentration. 

Keywords: rice vinegar, solid state fermentation, black fragrant rice, red cargo rice 


1. Dengru, L.; Yang, Z.; Rik, B.; Lydia, O.; Arjen, R.; Jian, C.; Johannes, T. Food rev. int., 2004, 20(4), 407-424. 

2. Nishidai, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Torikai, K.; Yamamoto, M.; Ishihara, N.; Mori, H.; Ohigashi, H. K. Biosci. 

Biotech. Bioch., 2000, 64(9),1909-1914. 

Peranart Jaimalai (พีรนาฏ ใจมาลัย) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P47 

Chlorophyll-A, B, Total Carotenoids Contents and Phytochemical 

Screening of Gynura procumbens Extract 

Niwat Kaewseejan, a Darunee Puangpronpitag a,b and Muntana Nakornriab a 



b Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand. 


Gynura procumbens (Asteraceae) is found in various parts of Asia and is widely used in Thailand 

and Southeast Asia as a traditional medicine. The plant has been used traditional medicine as the 

treatment of inflammation skin rash, rheumatism, kidney disease, migraines, constipation, diabetes 

mellitus and cancer. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the chlorophylls content, carotenoids 

content and phytochemical screening of G. procumbens extract. 

Methods 

Determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids contents: Oven-drier, finely powered leaves of G. 

procumbens were extracted with 80% ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were centrifuged and 

determined chlorophylls and carotenoids contents by spectrophotometry method. Phytochemicals 

screening: Oven-drier, finely powered leaves of G. procumbens were extracted with ethanol and 

removed solvent by rotary evaporation. The ethanolic extracts were determined alkaloids by 

precipitating test method with used Dragendorff’s, Hager’s, Kraut’s, Mayer’s and Valser’s reagents 

and determined volatile oils by thin-layer chromatography method. 

Results 

The total chlorophylls content of ethanolic G. procumbens extract was approximately 193 µg/g 

dry weight (144 and 49 µg/g dry weight for Chl a and Chl b, respectively). The total carotenoids 

content was approximately 33 µg/g dry weights. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b was 3:1 and ratio of Chl/ 

carotenoid was 6:1. In this study indicated that the ethanolic G. procumbens extract showed the high 

chlorophyll. Chlorophyll may have some antioxidant and anticarcinogenic potential, it may help 

protect some toxins, and it may ameliorate some drug side effect. These results suggested that 

consumption the G. procumbens extract may have health benefits. Phytochemicals screening of 

ethanolic G. procumbens extract such as alkaloids and volatile oils. Ethanolic G. procumbens extract 

showed the highest alkaloids content in Dragendorff’s and Kraut’s. The content of alkaloids by the 

precipitating reagents followed the order: Dragendorff’s = Kraut’s > Hager’s > Valser’s > Mayer’s. In 

addition, the ethanolic extracts of Gynura contained the volatile oils and the spot colors of the extracts 

were dark blue and violet. 

Conclusion 

It can be concluded that the ethanolic G. procumbens extract contained a high chlorophylls 

content, carotenoids content and it is a good alkaloids and volatile oils source. These results suggest 

that the ethanolic extract of G. procumbens may use as develop further to be commercially useful in 

food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. 

Keywords: chlorophyll, carotenoid, alkaloids, volatile oils, Gynura procumbens 


1. Madison, J. H.; Anderson, A. H. J. Agronomy, 1963, 55, 461-464. 

2. Wellburn, A. R. J. Plant Physiol., 1994, 144, 307-313. 

Niwat Kaewseejan (นิวัฒน แกวสีจันทร) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P48 

Total Phenol and Anthocyanidin Content of 

Andidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. Seeds and Marcs Extract 

Tanongsak Rachyotha, a,b Darunee Puangpronpitag a,c and Muntana Nakornriab a,b 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 



Mamao luang (Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg., also called mao or mak mao) is classified in 

the family Stilaginaceae, genus Antidesma. In Thailand, products of Mamao luang such as Mamao 

juice, and Mamao wine have popular. This industry generates a number of wastes and by-products, 

most notably Mamao seeds (MS) and Mamao marcs (MM). These waste products have been widely 

used in the food industry. Therefore, this study was to extract polyphenolic compounds, which the 

analysis of total phenol and anthocyanidins content were focused. 

Methods 

Solvent extraction: To study solvent extraction for optimization condition in extract from 

Antidesma thwaitesianum (Müll). Powder of Mamao marc and seed were extract at 50, 100, 150, 

200 C for 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 min, with 50% of Acetone, Ethanol, Methanol, and DI in shaking 

incubator at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered through and evaporated via rotary 

evaporator. Lyophilization the extract was done by using a freeze-dryer and then %yield was 

calculated. 

Total phenol and anthocyanidins content: Total phenol content was assessed as gallic acid 

equivalent (GAE) in milligrams per gram dry material by measuring with spectrophotometer at 750 

nm. Total anthocyanidin content was measured with the pH differential absorbance method, as 

described by Carreno et al. (1965) 

Results 

The present study optimized the varieties of solvent extract in A. thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. The 

results showed that at 90 min oven dried using 50% methanol for those extract has the maximum 

yield. Total phenolic content of MM and MS was 105.58 ±1.323 and 131.89 ±2.345, respectively, 

while, anthocyanidin content was 158.53 ±12.45 and 156.76 ±16.64 mg malvidin-3-O-glucoside, 

respectively. 

Conclusion 

It can be concluded that 50% methanol at 90 min oven dried was suitable for MS and MM 

extraction. The phenolic extract of MS and MM contained a high phenolic content and total 

anthocynidins. These results suggest that the extract of A. thwaitesianum Müll. Arg. marc and seed 

may useful as develop further to be commercially useful in food industry or preventing disease and 

application to health product as medicinal food and supplementary. 

Keywords: phenol content, anthocyanidins, solvent extraction, Andidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg 


1. Kim, S.; Jeong, S.; Park, W.; Nam, K.; Ahn, D.; Lee, S. Food Chem., 2006, 97, 472-479. 

2. Lafka, T.; Sinanoglou,V. Food Chem., 2007, 104, 1206-1214. 

3. Yi, C.; Shi, J.; Kramer, J.; Xue, S.; Jiang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Ma, Y.; Pohory, J. Food Chem., 2009, 114, 570-576. 

Tanongsak Rachyotha (ทนงศักดิ์ ราชโยธา) M.Sc. Student 

1986 in Nongkhai, Thailand 



S2-P49 

Black Pepper and Piperine Regulate Cholesterol Transporter Proteins 

Acharaporn Duangjai, a Kornkanok Ingkaninan, b Sakonwun Praputbut a and Nanteetip Limpeanchob a 

a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 

Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, 



According to our previous study, it provided the evidence that black pepper extracts (Piper 

nigrum L.) effectively inhibited the uptake of cholesterol into differentiated Caco-2 cells. Since 

piperine is one of the active compounds of black pepper, it was hypothesized to play a major role as 

cholesterol uptake inhibitor. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of black pepper extract 

and piperine on the uptake, and efflux of cholesterol as well as the expression of certain proteins 

functioning in regulating cholesterol transport in Caco-2 cells. 

Methods 

The uptake of cholesterol was detected by measuring the radioactivity of [ 3 H]-cholesterol micelles 

moving into the cells. The radioactivity moving from the intracellular compartment to the culture 

medium was considered cholesterol efflux. The expression of NPC1L1, ABCG5, ABCG8 and 

ACAT2 in differentiated Caco-2 cells was determined by western blotting. 

Results 

Black pepper extract and piperine could block the uptake of cholesterol into Caco-2 cells in the 

dose dependent manner but did not alter the efflux of cholesterol. There was no change in the 

expression of ABCG5, ABCG8 and ACAT2 in cells treated with these compounds. However, 

membrane fraction of Caco-2 cells treated with black pepper extract and piperine showed lower 

NPC1L1 levels than that of control. This reduction was not observed in whole cell lysate. 

Conclusion 

It is possible that piperine is an active compound of black pepper extract acting as cholesterol 

absorption inhibitor. The mechanism of action of both black pepper extract and piperine do not 

involve the efflux of cholesterol. One possible mechanism of the cholesterol absorption inhibitory 

activity of black pepper extract and piperine could be through the regulation of NPC1L1 translocation 

between cell membrane and cytoplasmic compartment. However, further study is required to verify 

this assumption. 

Keywords: black pepper, piperine, cholesterol, NPC1L1, ACAT2 


1. Duangjai, A.; Ingkaninan, K.; Limpeanchob, N. Nat. Prod. Res., 2010, 1-12. 

2. Ge, L.; Wang, J.; Qi, W.; Miao, H. H.; Cao, J.; Qu, Y. X.; Song, B. L. Cell Metab., 2008, 7, 508-519. 

Acharaporn Duangjai (อัจฉราภรณ ดวงใจ) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Occupational Therapy, B.Sc. 2001 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Physiology, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: cholesterol absorption, cell culture, and natural plant

S2-P50 

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors from Kaempferia parviflora 

Prapapan Temkitthawon, a Joseph A. Beavo, b 

and Kornkanok Ingkaninan a 

Jarupa Viyoch, a Khanit Suwanborirux, c Pattara Sawasdee d 

a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, 


b Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. 

c Center for Bioactive Natural Products from Marine Organisms and Endophytic Fungi, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 

Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 


Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (Zingiberaceae) has been claimed to improve erectile 

function in Thai traditional medicines. However, there are only a few scientific data to support its 

aphrodisiac activity in males. 1,2 Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitory activity is one of the possible 

mechanisms of penile erection. 3 Therefore, it is interesting to investigate PDE5 inhibitory activity of 

this plant and its chemical constituents. 

Methods 

K. parviflora root extract and eight 7-methoxyflavone derivatives isolated from this plant were 

screened for PDE5 and PDE6 inhibitory activities using the two-step radioactive assay. The PDE5 and 

PDE6 enzymes were prepared from mice lung and chicken retinas, respectively. 

Results 

K. parviflora extract showed the PDE5 inhibitory effect with the IC 50 of 12.240.99 g/ml The 

results showed that 7-methoxyflavones from this plant could inhibit PDE5 in the range of micromolar. 

The most potent inhibitory activity was obtained from 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (IC 50 of 10.642.09 

M). The results suggested that methoxy group at C-5 position of 7-methoxyflavones was necessary 

for PDE5 inhibitory effect. The PDE5 selectivity of this compound over PDE6 was determined in 

comparison to a PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil. Interestingly, the selectivity of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone was 

in the same level to that of sildenafil. 

Conclusion 

K. parviflora rhizome extract and its 7-methoxyflavone constituents expressed moderate 

inhibitory activity against PDE5. This finding supports the indication of K. parviflora for enhancing 

male sexual performance in Thai traditional medicines. Moreover, 7-methoxyflavones can be leads 

for the further development of PDE5 inhibitors. 

Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora, methoxyflavones, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor 


1. Chaturapanich, G.; Chaiyakul, S.; Verawatnapakul, V.; Pholpramool, C. Reproduction., 2008, 136, 515-522. 

2. Wattanapitayakul, S. K.; Suwatronnakorn, M.; Chularojmontri, L.; Herunsalee, A.; Niumsakul, S.; 

Charuchongkolwongse, S.; Chansuvanich, N. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 110, 89-92. 

3. Uckert, S.; Hedlund, P.; Andersson, K. E.; Truss, M. C.; Jonas, U.; Stief, C. G. Eur. Urol., 2006, 50, 1194-1207. 

Prapapan Temkitthawon (ประภาพรรณ เต็มกิจถาวร) Ph.D. Student 

b 1979 in Samutsakhon, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Pharmaceutical Sciences, B.Pharm. 2003 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.Pharm. 2008 

Research field: pharmacognosy, PDE5 inhibitory activity from natural sources

S2-P51 

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pluchea indica Less. 

Leaf Extracts in Macrophage 

Doungnapa Buapool a and Klaokwan Srisook b 

a Biological Science Program and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, 

Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

b Department of Biochemistyr and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, 



Pluchea indica Less (Compositae) has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of dysuria, 

hemorrhoids, diabetes mellitus and disorders causing cachexia or wasting. The root and leaf extracts 

have previously shown the anti-inflammation activity (Sen et al., 1993; Choi and Hwang, 2005). 

However, the molecular mechanism underlying their action was not explored. Thus, the objective of 

this study was to determine the effects of various extracts of P.indica leaves on nitric oxide 

production and further investigate their inhibitory mechanism in RAW 264.7 macrophage. 

Methods 

The effect of the various P.indica leaf extracts on cells viability and NO production in LPSinduced 

RAW 264.7 macrophage cell were performed by MTT assay and nitrite assay, respectively. 

mRNA and protein iNOS expression was determined by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting in 

LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. 

Results 

Ethyl acetate fraction of P.indica leaves (PIEF) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on NO 

production in macrophages with IC 50 of 19.32 ± 3.17 µM. Moreover, the PIEF also suppressed iNOS 

mRNA expression and protein synthesis in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dosedependent 

manner. 

Conclusion 

All the results suggested that ethyl acetate fraction of P.indica leaves exerts an anti-inflammatory 

effect in macrophages via suppression of iNOS mRNA expression and protein synthesis leading to the 

decrease in NO production. 

Keywords: Pluchea indica, nitric oxide, iNOS, macrophage 


1. Sen, T.; Ghosh, T. K.; Nag Chaudhuri, A. K. Life Sciences, 1993, 52, 737-743. 

2. Choi, M. E.; Hwang, K. J. Fitoterapia, 2005, 76, 194-203. 

Doungnapa Buapool (ดวงนภา บัวพูล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Trat, Thailand 

Burapha University, Thailand, Medical Science, Med.Sc. 2008 

Reserch field: bioassay of natural product

S2-P52 

Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Activities and Acute Toxicity of 

Alpinia purpurata Rhizome Extract 

Nedruthai Maichom, a Ampai Panthong, a Natthakarn Chiranthanut, b Parirat Khonsung, b 

Puongtip Kunanusorn, b Narong Nuntasaen c and Vichai Reutrakul d 

a Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 


b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c The Forest Herbarium National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and 

Environment, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry and The Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 



Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum or “King Dang”, belongs to Zingiberaceae family. Its 

phytochemical studies revealed several anti-inflammatory compounds, including shogaol and 

gingerol. As almost of the species in this family have been reported to possess analgesic and 

anti-inflammatory activities, therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate the analgesic and 

anti-inflammatory activities as well as acute toxicity of A. purpurata rhizome in rodents. 

Methods 

The analgesic activity of the methanolic extract from the rhizomes of Alpinia purpurata (AP 

extract) was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing response and tail-flick test. Antiinflammatory 

activity of AP extract on both acute and chronic inflammation was assessed by using 

ethyl-phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, carrageenin- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced 

hind paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. 

Results 

AP extract (150-600 mg/kg) revealed analgesic effect against acetic acid-induced writhing 

response but not on the tail-flick response. The AP-treated group showed inhibitory effect on both 

EPP-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in a dose-related manner, whereas 

a non-significant inhibitory effect on AA-induced hind paw edema was observed. In cotton pelletinduced 

granuloma formation in rats, AP extract was ineffective in the reduction of granuloma 

formation. Acute oral toxicity test showed that AP extract up to 2,000 mg/kg did not produce any sing 

and symptom of toxic effects in rats. 

Conclusion 

The results obtained suggest that AP extract produced analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities 

by an inhibition of the biosynthesis and/or the release of various mediators, especially prostaglandins 

as well as other mediators of acute inflammation and pain. It did not produce any acute discernible 

toxicity in rats. The results of the present study suggest the potential of A. purpurata as an analgesic 

and anti-inflammatory agent. 

Keywords: Alpinia purpurata, Zingiberaceae, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, acute toxicity 


1. Brattsand, R.; Thalen, A.; Roempke, K.; Kallstrom, L.; Gruvstad, E. J. Steroid Biochem., 1982, 16, 779-786. 

2. Winter, C. A.; Risley, E. A.; Nuss, G. W. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 1962, 11, 544-547. 

Nedruthai Maichom (เนตรฤทัย หมายชม) M.Sc. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Medical Technology, B.Sc. 2005 

Research field: biochemical science

S2-P53 

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Some Selected Plants in the 

Zingiberaceae Family in RAW264.7 Cells 

Teeratad Sudsai and Supinya Tewtrakul 

Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla 

University, Kanchanawanit Street, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Our previous investigations have shown the ability of the Zingiberaceous plants such as 

Kaempferia parviflora and Boesenbergia pandurata possess anti-inflammatory activity through the 

inhibition of NO releases 1,2 . The aim of this study is therefore to investigate other Zingiberaceous 

plants including Kaempferia rotunda (Thip-Pa-Ya-Nate), Kaempferia angustifolia (Thao-Nhang- 

Haeng), Kaempferia marginata (Kra-Jae-Jhun), Kaempferia sp. (Prauh Pa), Boesenbergia thorellii 

(Kra-Chai-Pa), Boesenbergia sp.1 (Kai-Dang), Boesenbergia sp.2 (Kai-Dam) and Boesenbergia sp.3 

(Ron-Thong). 

Methods 

The rhizomes were extracted by reflux for 3 h with 200 ml of EtOH and water, separately. These 

ethanolic and water extracts were examined on the inhibitory effect of NO production by murine 

macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. 

Results 

The results of the present study demonstrated that Zingiberaceous plants possessed 

anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The ethanolic extracts showed high activity against NO release 

with IC 50 values of 3.4, 16.8, 10.9, 12.4, >100, 41.1, 5.5 and 5.5 µg/ml, respectively whereas those of 

the water extracts were 8.4, 73.7, 94.2, 94.9 >100, 69.5, 87.5 and 72.2 µg/ml, respectively. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, the present study may support that some of Zingiberaceous plants exhibit 

anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of NO releases. It seems likely that the mechanism 

underlying the action of these plants is related to the inhibition of nitric oxide production. The results 

from this study indicate that Boesenbergia sp.3 (Ron-Thong) has a potential to be further investigated 

for anti-inflammatory compounds. 

Keywords: Zingiberaceae, anti-inflammatory, RAW264.7 cells 


1. Sae-wong, C.; Tansakul, P.; Tewtrakul S. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2009, 124, 576-580. 

2. Tewtrakul, S.; Subhadhirasakul, S. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 120, 81-84. 

Teeratad Sudsai (ธีรทัศน สุดสาย) Ph.D. Student 


Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Biology, B.Sc. 2000 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Pharmacology, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: anti-inflammatory, natural product, and Zingiberaceae

S2-P54 

Potential for Acrylamide Biodegradation of Kluyvera ascorbata 

Isolated from Wastewater in Thailand 

Uthumporn Thanyacharoen, a 

Akio Tani b and Jittima Charoenpanich c,d 

a Biological Science Program and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 


b Institutes of Plant Science and Resources (ISPR), Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan. 

c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

d Environmental Science Program and Center of Excellence on Environmental Health, Toxicology and Management of 

Chemicals (ETM-PERDO), Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand. 


Acrylamide is an important monomer used as a conjugated reactive molecule in various industrial 

processes. It is evidentially thought to be a neurotoxicant, terratogen and carcinogen in animals. The 

widespread use and indiscriminate discharge of acrylamide has led to its presence in environment. 

Fortunately, some microorganisms are able to derive energy from acrylamide. In its catabolism, 

acrylamide is deaminated to acrylic acid (acrylate) and ammonia, a process catalyzed by amidase or 

amidohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.4). The subsequent fate of acrylate is hydroxylated to β-hydroxypropionate, 

which is oxidized to CO 2 or reduced to propionate. Most documented acrylamide-degrading bacteria 

appear confined to species within the genera; Arthobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus. 

In order to provide additional information on the microbial diversity of acrylamide metabolism, this 

study aims to find a novel acrylamide-degrading bacterium from wastewater in Thailand. 

Methods 

Ten wastewater samples near industrial area in Chonburi were collected for screening. Isolation of 

the acrylamide-degrading bacterium was done based on enrichment method. Bacterial identification 

was performed according to its morphological and biochemical characteristics and the nucleotide 

sequence of a 16S rRNA gene. The characteristics of the obtained bacterium including growth curve, 

effects of pH and temperature on the growth and the suitable concentration of acrylamide were also 

investigated. The potential for acrylamide biodegradation by this bacterium was monitored using 

HPLC and an acidity of NH 4 + produced in the reaction as described previously (Buranasilp and 

Charoenpanich, 2011). 

Results 

Kluyvera ascorbata is a novel acrylamide-degrading bacterium found in this study. It grew well in 

the presence of acrylamide up to 0.5% (w/v), pH 5.0 to 7.0 and 37 ° C. Degradation of acrylamide to 

acrylic acid started after 30 min of cultivation as a biomass-dependent pattern. Mass balance analysis 

revealed 92.33% conversion of acrylamide to acrylic acid and two lower polarity compounds. 

Conclusion 

These findings render K. ascorbata as a novel bacterium attractive for potential biodegradation of 

acrylamide in the environment. 

Keywords: acrylamide, biodegradation, Kluyvera ascorbata, wastewater 


1. Buranasilp, K.; Charoenpanich, J. J. Environ. Sci., 2011, 23, in press. 

Uthumporn Thanyacharoen (อุทุมพร ธัญญเจริญ) M.Sc. Student 


Burapha University, Thailand, Biochemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: environmental biochemistry and biodegradation

S2-P55 

Anti-allergic Activity of Some Selected Plants in the Genus 

Boesenbergia and Kaempferia 

Fameera Madaka and Supinya Tewtrakul 

Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla 

University, Hat-yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand. 


The rhizomes of Boesenbergia thorellii (Kra Chai Pa), Boesenbergia sp.1 (Ron Thong), 

Boesenbergia sp.2 (Kai Dang), Boesenbergia sp.3 (Kai Dam), Kaempferia angustifolia (Thao Nhang 

Haeng), Kaempferia marginata (Kra Jae Jhun), Kaempferia rotunda (Thip-pa-ya-Nate) and 

Kaempferia sp. (Prauh Pa) were carried out to investigate for anti-allergic activity. 

Methods 

Ethanolic and water extracts, from the rhizomes of eight selected Zingiberaceous plants, including 

Boesenbergia thorellii, Boesenbergia sp.1, Boesenbergia sp.2, Boesenbergia sp.3, Kaempferia 

angustifolia, Kaempferia marginata , Kaempferia rotunda and Kaempferia sp. were tested for their 

anti-allergic activities using a RBL-2H3 cell line 1,2 . 

Results 

The ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Boesenbergia thorellii exhibited the most potent anti-allergic 

effect against antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release as a marker of degranulation in RBL-2H3 

cells, with an IC 50 value of 23.0 μg/ml, followed by Boesenbergia thorellii (water, IC 50 = 23.1 

μg/ml), Boesenbergia sp.2 (EtOH, IC 50 = 38.4 μg/ml) and Kaempferia marginata (water, IC 50 = 

38.4 μg/ml), whereas other Boesenbergia and Kaempferia spp. were apparently inactive (IC 50 >100 

μg/ml). 

Conclusion 

These findings support the use of Boesenbergia thorellii and Kaempferia marginata for treatment 

of allergy and allergic-related diseases. 

Keywords: RBL-2H3 cells, anti-allergic activity, Zingiberaceae 


1. Matsuda, H.; Tewtrakul, S.; Morikawa, T.; Nakamura, A.; Yoshikawa, M. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2004, 12, 

5891-5898. 

2. Tewtrakul, S.; Subhadhirasakul, S. J. Ethanopharmacol., 2007,109, 535-538. 

Fameera Madaka (ฟามีรา มะดากะ) M.Pharm. Student 

1985 in Narathiwat, Thailand 


Research field: anti-allergic, natural product, and Zingiberaceae

S-P56 

Effects of Piper betle Leaf and Areca catechu Nut Extracts Against 

Bacterium Causing Malodor 

Ingdao Rodleang, a Anan Ounaroon b and Waree Tiyaboonchai a 

a 

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of 

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognocy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, 


Objective 

To determine the antibacterial activities of Piper betle leaf and Areca catechu nut extracts against 

oral disease causative bacterium. 

Methods 

The Piper betle leaf ethanolic extract (PEE) and hot water extract (PWE) were prepared by 

maceration technique. Fresh leaves were cleaned, air dried and cut into small pieces. For PEE, plant 

materials were marcerated with 95% ethanol and kept for 4, 8 and 12 h, respectively. The ethanolic 

filtrate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. For PWE, plant materials were boiled with 

distilled water for 4 h. Then, the water extract was freeze-dried. Areca catechu ethanolic extract 

(AEE) was prepared from fresh fruits. The outer husks were removed and only the inner nuts were 

macerated with 95% ethanol for 4 h. The ethanolic filtrate was dried under reduced pressure. All 

extracts were stored in desiccators at room temperature until use. Total phenolic content of all of 

extracts were determined by Folin-ciocalteu reagent. Antibacterial activities were evaluated as 

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using broth macrodilution technique. 

Results 

The PEE were dark green sticky resin regardless of extraction time. PEE with extraction time of 

4, 8 and 24 h showed percent yield (%yield) of 2.20, 2.40 and 4.44%w/w, respectively. The PWE 

were brown powder with a %yield of 4.31%w/w. The AEE were dark red sticky resin with a high % 

yield of 21.82 % w/w. Total phenolic content of the PEE extracted for 4, 8 and 24 h were 792.33 ± 

39.60, 700.03 ± 84.37 and 595.63 ± 65.90 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The PWE showed the 

lowest total phenolic content of 410.70 ± 83.98 mg GAE/g sample. Total phenolic content of the 

AEE were 588 ± 34.54 mg GAE/g sample. Antibacterial activities of all extracts were made against 

Streptococcus mutans, compared to positive antiseptic chlorhexidine. The MIC of PEE was 0.5 mg/ml 

regardless of extraction time, while the MIC of PWE and AEE was 1.0 mg/ml. Chlorhexidine, a 

positive control, showed an excellent activity with MIC of 7.8 µg/ml. 

Conclusion 

Among Piper betle leaves extracts, PEE with 4 h extraction time exhibited the highest total 

phenolic content and the best inhibitory activity against S. mutans. In addition, AEE showed 

high %yield and possessed similar inhibitory activity against S. mutans as PEE. Therefore, PEE and 

AEE show high potential to be used as an active ingredient in mouth wash preparation. 

Keywords: Piper betle leaf, Areca catechu nut, total phenolic content, minimum inhibitory concentration 

(MIC) 


1. Nalina, T.; Rahim, Z. Biol. Sci., 2006, 8, 1470-1475. 

2. Karphrom, A.; Suknaisilp, S.; Pradeepasaena, P.; Tantratian, S. Biol. Sci., 2009, 8, 209-214. 

Ingdao Rodleang (อิงดาว รอดเลี้ยง) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Pharmaceutical sciences, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: cosmetic sciences

S2-P57 

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. 

Root Extracts 

Churanya Onlom, a Sophit Khanthawong, b Neti Waranuch c and Kornkanok Ingkaninan a,c 

a Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and 

Center for Inovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, 

Thailand. 

c Cosmetic and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


Asparagus racemosus Willd, (Asparagaceae family) is an important medicinal plant in Ayurvedic 

medicine. In India, it is known as Shatavari. The major active constituents of A. racemosus roots are 

steroidal saponins such as Shatavarins I–IV. 1,2 The aims of this study are to develop methods for 

preparation of A. racemosus extracts and investigate antifungal activity of the various extracts from A. 

racemosus. 

Methods 

A. racemosus roots were successively extracted with the series of solvents. Moreover, the method 

for enrich saponins in the extract was applied. The amounts of saponin equivalent to shatavarin IV in 

the extracts were determined by ELISA. The extracts were tested for antifungal activity against 

Malassezia furfur and Malassezia globosa by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. 

Results 

The ethanolic extract of A. racemosus roots showed an antifungal activity against M. furfur and 

M. globosa at the concentration of 1 mg/disc. The other extracts of A. racemosus showed no 

inhibitory effects on the disc diffusion method. The results from broth dilution method showed that 

the ethanolic extract and the saponin enriched extract had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 

values ranged from 0.195 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml. Among the tested extracts, the saponin enriched 

extract exhibited the strongest inhibition of growth of M. furfur and M. globosa with MIC of 0.195 

mg/ml while the activity of the ethanolic extract was relatively mild. 

Conclusion 

The extracts of of A. racemosus roots were prepared using various solvents. The ethanolic extract 

showed the mild activity on M. furfur and M. globosa. The saponin enrichment can increase the 

antifungal activity. 

Keywords: Asparagus racemosus, saponin enrich, antifungal activity 


1. Bopana, N.; Saxena, S. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2007, 110, 1-15. 

2. Uma, B.; Prabhakar, K.; Rajendran, S. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2009, 71(3), 342-343. 

Churanya Onlom (จุรัญญา ออนลอม) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetics, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: antifungal and antimicrobial activity, cosmetics, innovation in bioactive 

natural products

S2-P58 

Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity to Human Skin Cell of 

Artocarpus incisus’s Heartwood Extract 

Khwunjit Itsarasook, a Kornkanok Ingkaninan b and Jarupa Viyoch a 

a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of 





Artocarpus incisus, namely “Sa-Ke” in Thai belongs to the Moraceae family. Artocarpin, the 

major component of the heartwood extract of A.incisus, shows potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitory 

activity [1]. Recently, it has been reported that the heartwood extract of A.incisus grown in Thailand 

exhibits the antioxidant and melanogenesis inhibitory activities [2]. In addition, the restoration of 

wrinkled-skin fibroblast activity by the extract has been reported [3]. Therefore, the aim of this study 

was to investigate antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity to primary fibroblasts isolated from human 

skin. 

Methods 

The dried chipped heartwood of A. incisus was extracted with diethyl ether by a maceration 

technique. Determination of the free radical scavenging activity was performed by DPPH assay. The 

extract at concentration in range 0.5-5000 µg/mL was used and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and L- 

ascorbic acid were used as a positive control. The effect of A.incisus extract at various concentrations 

(0.625-50 µg/mL) on cell viability of primary human skin fibroblasts was evaluated by the XTT method. 

Human skin fibroblasts used in this study was isolated from abdominal skin from patient aged 58 years 

old. 

Results 

The percentage of yield of the extract was 0.26%. The appearance of the extract was a yellow 

powder solid. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner at the EC 50 of 

116.0±5.05 µg/mL, according to DPPH assay, whereas BHT and L-ascorbic acid, a positive control, 

showed EC 50 at 55.47±3.5 µg/mL and 10.10±0.76 µg/mL, respectively. The extract at 50 µg/mL 

significantly increased percentage of cell viability of primary human skin fibroblasts. 

Conclusion 

The obtained results indicated that the A.incisus extract (EC 50 of 116.0±5.05µg/mL) provided 

weaker free-radical scavenging activity than BHT and L-ascorbic acid. The extract at 50 µg/mL 

significantly increased percentage of cell viability of primary human skin fibroblasts. 

Keywords: Artocarpus incisus, DPPH assay, primary skin fibroblasts, cell viability 


1. Shimazu, K.; Fukuda, M.; Kondo, R.; Sakai, K. Planta Med., 2000, 66, 16-19. 

2. Donsing, P.; Limpeanchob, N.; Viyoch J. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2008, 59, 41-85. 

3. Viyoch, J.; Buranajaree, S.; Grandmottet, F. O.; Robin, S.; Binda, D.; Viennet, C.; Waranuch, N.; Humbert, 

P. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2010, 61, 311-324. 

Khwunjit Itsarasook (ขวัญจิต อิสระสุข) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: cosmetic science

S2-P59 

In vitro Anti-oxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of the Leaf 

Extracts from Amomum biflorum Jack. 

Yaowalak Charoensuk, a Klaokwan Srisook b and Ekaruth Srisook c 

a Biological Science Program and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 


b Department of Biochemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, 


c Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, 



Amomum biflorum Jack. is a perienial plant (family Zingiberaceae). This plant used as charm for 

men in Thailand. All parts of the plant are fragrant so it is used to prepare essential oils for ingredient 

in Thai traditional cosmetics and soap. The essential oil of whole plants (A. biflorum) exhibited 

antioxidant activity and central nervous system depressive effect (Thupthimthed et al, 2004; 

Julsrigival, 2007). Moreover the hexane, ethyl acetate and water subfraction of methanol rhizomal 

extract of this plant showed significant antioxidant, metal chelating activity, and anti-tyrosinase 

activity (Srisook, et al, 2010). Research has mostly focused on the plant rhizomes and there are a few 

of publication about the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of A. biflorum leaves which are 

commonly used in cosmetics products in Thailand. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase 

activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from leaves of A. biflorum were evaluated. 

Methods 

The antioxidant activities of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from A. biflorum leaves 

were evaluated by various antioxidant activity assays including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 

(DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power and ferrous-ion chelating. 

Anti-tyrosinase activity of the leaf extracts was also investigated. Furthermore, pure compound 

exhibiting anti-tyrosinase activity was isolated by column chromatography. 

Results 

The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as 

well as reducing power. Whereas, the methanol extract contained the most ferrous-ion chelating 

activity. Also, methanol extract exhibited the most potent in anti-tyrosinase activity. The active 

compound (E)-but-1-enyl-4-methoxybenzene was isolated from the methanol extract and showed 

marked tyrosinase inhibitory effect with IC 50 of 601.7 ±21.46 µg/ml. 

Conclusion 

These results show that leaves of A. biflorum are sources of natural antioxidant and tyrosinase 

inhibitor. 

Keywords: Amomum biflorum, tyrosinase, antioxidant 


1. Srisook, K.; Salee, P.; Charoensuk, Y.; Srisook, E. Thai J. Bot., 2010 (In press). 

Yaowalak Charoensuk (เยาวลักษณ เจริญสุข) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: antioxidant of natural product, health, and cosmetics

S2-P60 

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.)’s 

Bark Extract and Cytotoxicity of the Extract to Human Skin Fibroblast 

Paveena Amornnopparattanakul, a Nantaka Khorana b and Jarupa Viyoch a 

a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemsitry, Faculty of 





Powder obtained from H. crenulata has been traditionally used in UV-filtering cosmetics in 

Myanmar [1]. It has been revealed that 2-quinolone, 2-hydroxyquinolone N-acetyl-Nmethyltryptamine, 

tanakine and tanakamine are the major compounds found in the stem bark. In 

addition, H.crenulata shows antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory 

activities [2]. The aims of this study, therefore, were to determine the free radical scavenging activity 

and cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblast of H.crenulata’s bark extract. 

Method 

The powder of H. crenulata’s stems was extracted by macerated with dichloromethane. 

Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay (3.33-1666.67 g/ml). L-ascorbic acid was used 

as a positive control. Cytotoxicity of the extract (5-100 g/ml) to primary fibroblasts isolated from 

human skin was determined by XTT assay 

Results 

By DPPH assay, the H. crenulata extract showed EC 50 of 384 g/mL while L-ascorbic acid 

showed EC 50 of 1.9 g/mL. For cytotoxicity test to human skin fibroblast, the extract showed nontoxicity 

at the highest concentration used in this study. 

Conclusion 

Free radical scavenging activity of H. crenulata extract was lesser than that of L-ascorbic acid. 

The extract at concentrations used did not show cytotoxicity to human fibroblasts. 

Keywords: Hesperethusa crenulata, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity to fibroblast 

Selected references: 

1. Joo, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, S. Plant Biol., 2004, 47, 65-68. 

2. Sakulna, W.; Tanapat, P.; Sirirat, R.; Supason, W.; Panpilai, C.; Heinrich, M. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2010, 

132, 466-472. 

Paveena Amornnopparattanakul (ปวีณา อมรนพรัตนกุล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1988 in Uttaradit, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetic Science, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: cosmetic science

S2-P61 

Biological Activities Study of Terminalia chebula Retzius, 

Terminalia bellirica and Rafflesia kerrii Meijer Extracts 

Wijittra Nittayajaiprom, a,b Angkana Saovapakhiran, a Padchanee Sangthong, a Sirirat Chancharunee, a,b 

Pimphaka Wanasawas c and Malyn Chulasiri c 

a Bio-organic synthesis and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 


b Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 


c Research & Development Division, SJI, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. 


The biological activities of plant extracts of T. chebula Retz., T. bellirica and R. kerrii Meijer were 

investigated for cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and morphological changes on normal and 

melanoma skin fibroblast cell lines induced by UVB radiation. 

Methods 

The crude extarcts were provided by S&J International Enterprises Public Company Limited. The 

extracts were investigated for biological activities. The normal mouse skin fibroblast L929 and melanoma 

skin B16F10 cell lines were used to examine for the cytotoxic effects of the extracts by using MTT assay. 

The extracts were evaluated for the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 

and TA100 strains by using Ames test. The mutagens either 2-aminoanthracence or 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro- 

2-furyl) acrylamide were used as positive controls for metabolic activation and non metabolic activation, 

respectively. The inhibitory effect of the extracts toward morphological changes on normal and melanoma 

skin fibroblast cell lines induced by UVB radiation were studied. 

Results 

The cytotoxicity of the extracts on both fibroblast cell lines was studied. The extracts showed low 

cytotoxicity effect on both cell lines with 50% cytotoxicity (CD 50 ) value at 0.006 - 0.058 mg/L for normal 

fibroblast cell lines, and at 0.004 - 0.043 mg/L for melanoma cell lines, respectively. The extracts were 

evaluated for the mutagenicity. It was revealed that the extracts showed no mutagenicity to both S. 

typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains either with or without metabolic activation (S9 microsomal 

fraction). However, the extracts showed antimutagenic properties toward chemical-induced mutation in 

both bacterial strains when 2AA and AF-2 were used as mutagens. The morphological changes were 

investigated on both fibroblast cell lines after induced by UVB radiation. The result showed that the 

extracts have no effect on morphological changes after added the extracts to the cell lines which were 

damaged by UVB. 

Conclusions 

The crude extracts of T. chebula Retz., T. bellirica and R. kerrii Meijer showed high potential for skin 

cosmetic application because of their low toxicity and antimutagenic properties by reducing the mutagenic 

activities caused by 2-AA and AF-2 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation in S. typhimurium 

TA 98 and TA 100. 

Keywords: Terminalia chebula Retzius, Terminalia bellirica, Rafflesia kerrii Meijer, Antimutagenicity, 

UVB induced damage, cytotoxicity 


1. Matsumura, Y.; Ananthaswamy, H. N. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2004, 195, 298-308. 

2. Afaq, F.; Mukhtar, H. Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol., 2002, 15, 297-306. 

3. Svobodova, A.; Psotova, J.; Walterova, D. Biomed. Pap. Med., 2003, 147, 137-145. 

Wijittra Nittayajaiprom (วิจิตรา นิตยใจพรหม) M.Sc. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, B.Sc. 2009 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009-present 

Research field: Biological assay and natural product

S2-P62 

Study of Immunomodulatory Activity of β-Glucan from Wild Mushroom 

Phonthipa Meephayoong, a,c Chanida Hunswasdi, b Harry J. Wichers, c Sutatip Pongcharoan d and 

Nanteetip Limpeanchob a 


Science, Naresusnl University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand. 

c Department of Food and Immunology, Faculty of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research 

Center, The Netherlands. 

d Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


β-glucans are naturally occurring (1-3)-β-D-linked polymers of glucose, which are found in the 

cell walls of bacteria and fungi. Different physicochemical parameters such as primary structure, 

molecular weight, and branching play a role in the biological activities of β-glucans (1). Many studies 

have demonstrated that β-glucans have stimulating effects on innate immune cells, anti-bacterial 

activity, and the production of cytokines. The objective of this study is to study the 

immunomodulatory activity (NO and cytokine production) of β-glucan extracted from wild 

mushrooms using a cell culture model. 

Methods 

The wild mushrooms were extracted by alkaline extraction method. The β-glucan content was 

measured by enzymatic method. RAW264.7 cells were used in this study. The MTT assay was used to 

study the effect of β-glucan on cell viability. The NO and cytokine production were studied using 

Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively. 

Results 

The β-glucan from mushroom species Lentinus edodes and Russular delica showed no 

cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 macrophage cells at the concentration lower than 100 µg/ml. After treated 

RAW264.7 cells with the β-glucan from both species for 24 hours, the release of NO and cytokine 

were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 µg/ml). 

Conclusion 

The wild mushroom β-glucan extracts enhanced the NO and cytokine production that might 

involve with their immunomodulatory activity in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. 

Keywords: β-glucans, Lentinus edodes, Russula delica, macrophage cells, NO, cytokine 


1. Lee, H. H.; Jong, S. L.; Jae, Y. C.; Young, E. K.; Eock, K. H. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2009, 19, 455-461. 

Phonthipa Meephayoong (พรทิพา มีพยุง) Ph.D. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Agro industry, B.Sc. 2004 

King Mungkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand, Biotechnology, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: immunomodulatory activity of β-glucan

S2-P63 

Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Inhibitory Effect on 

Nitric Oxide Production of Etlingera paviena (Pierre ex Gagnep.) 

R.M.Sm. Rhizome Extract 

Mullika Palachot, a,b Klaokwan Srisook b,c and Ekaruth Srisook b,d 

a Biologocal Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

b Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

c Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical gas which is synthesized universally from L-arginine by nitric 

oxide synthase (NOS). Three forms of NOS have been identified. NO generated by inducible NOS 

(iNOS) defends against infectious pathogens and regulates immunity, but overproduced NO which is 

generally oxidized to reactive nitrogen species results in cell death of surrounding tissues and 

destruction of tissue homeostasis leading to various pathogenic conditions (Coleman, 2001; 

Murakami, 2009). Thus regulation of iNOS might be a good target for the alleviation or the treatment 

of inflammatory disorders (Min et al, 2009). Etlingera paviena (Pierre ex Gagnep.) R.M.Sm. has been 

used for the treatment of diuresis, flatulence, and digestive. Moreover, the rhizomes of E. pavieana 

have been used as a spice in the East of Thailand (Ponsana, 2007). However, to the best of our 

knowledge, there has been no report on the bioactivity study of this plant. This led us to investigate 

the phytochemicals and nitric oxide inhibitory effect of rhizome of this plant. 

Methods 

Determination of the effect of various extracts of E. pavieana rhizome on NO production and 

cells viability were performed by Griess reaction and MTT assay. In addition, the effect of E. paviena 

extract on iNOS and HO-1 expression was studied by western blot analysis and reverse transcriptionpolymerase 

chain reaction (RT-PCR). 

Results 

Three different fractions of ethanol extract of E. pavieana were prepared including hexane, ethyl 

acetate and aqueous fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (EPE) showed the most potent inhibitory 

effect on NO production with IC 50 of 16.28 µg/ml. EPE also inhibited the expression of iNOS mRNA 

and protein in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 

macrophage cells. Additionally, HO-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis were also activated by 

EPE in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) 

suppressed inhibitory effect on NO production of EPE. 

Conclusion 

These results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of E. pavieana exerts an anti-inflammatory effect 

in macrophages, at least in part, via the activation of HO-1 expression. 

Keywords: nitric oxide, heme oxygenase-1, Etlingera pavieana, inducible nitric oxide synthase 


1. Coleman, J. W.; Int. Immun. 2001, 8, 13971406. 

2. Min, H. Y.; Kim, M. S.; Jang, D. S.; Park , E. J.; Seo, E. K.; Lee, S. K. Int. Immun. 2009, 9, 844-849. 

3. Ponsana, P. Medicinal plants in Khao Hin Son herb garden; Jettanaromphun Printing, Prachinburi, 2007, 

141 (in Thai). 

Mullika Palachot (มัลลิกา ปาละโชติ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Chachoengsao, Thailand 


Research field: anti-inflammatory activity of extract

S2-P64 

Lutein and Vitamin E Inhibit UV-B Induced Oxidative Stress in 

Retinal Epithelial Cells 

Sathid Aimjongjun, a Manote Suteerawatananonda b and Nanteetip Limpeanchob a 

a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 

Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 6500, Thialand. 

b Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakorn Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. 


Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is defined as an ocular disease associated with loss of 

central vision in the elderly. The disorder is characterized by the damage of macular retinal pigment 

epithelial cells. UV-B induced oxidative stress of retinal pigment epithelial cells plays an important 

role in the development of AMD. Lutein and zeaxanthin are proposed to protect the ocular tissue from 

oxidative damage that can cause AMD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lutein 

and α-tocophrerol on UV-B induced retinal epitherail cells damage. 

Methods 

ARPE-19 cells line was used in this study. Oxidative stress induced by UV-B was determined by 

measuring the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The cell viability was 

assessed by trypan blue assay. Intracellular ROS was measured using DCFH-DA and lipid 

peroxidation was monitored by the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs). 

Results 

The results showed the increasing of ARPE-19 cell death with increasing intensity of UV-B 

irradiation. The formation of intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation were also significantly 

increased after UV-B exposures. Lutein and α-tocophrerol significantly decrease ROS production and 

lipid peroxidation mediated by UV-B. However, these two compounds showed slightly preventive 

effect against UV-B induced cell death. 

Conclusion 

These data suggest that lutein and α-tocophrerol exhibit an antioxidative effect against UV-B 

induced oxidative stress in retinal epithelial cells. This effect, however, is not sufficient to prevent cell 

death mediated by UV-B irradiation. 

Keywords: lutein, α-tocophrerol, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation 


1. Williams, R. A.; Brody, B. L.; Thomas, R. G. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1998, 116, 514-520. 

Sathid Aimjongjun (สาธิต เอี่ยมจงจันทร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Uttaradit,Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Microbiology, B.Sc. 

Research field: anti-oxidative effect, lutein, and vitamin E

S2-P65 

Effect of Vernonia cinerea Less. Extracts on Nicotine-induced 

Withdrawal Symptoms in Mice 

Pattachai Pinnak and Thanasak Teaktong 

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, 



Nicotine (NIC) is considered to be the primary component of tobacco smoke. It is main reason of 

tobacco addiction. Vernonia cinerea Less. has been reported to have many medicinal properties. 

Different parts of the plant have different therapeutic values such as analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammation, 

and smoking cessation. The aims of this study were evaluate effect of V. cinerea on 

NIC withdrawal mice, determine the mechanism of action of V. cinerea extracts (VE) in alteration of 

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors protein expression on western blot analysis, and determine the 

affinity of VE on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors activity. 

Methods 

Behavioral evaluation; total abstinence signs (TAS), locomotor activity, and anxiety activity. 

Receptor protein expression; western blot. Ligand binding assay; receptor displacement assay. 

Results 

We found that VE at high concentration (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased TAS, locomotion 

and anxiety-like behaviors. Moreover, VE had no differences change on nicotinic and muscarinic 

receptor protein expression. VE show binding with nicotinic and muscarinic receptor in dosedependent 

manner with IC 50 = 0.138 mg/ml and IC 50 = 2.224 mg/ml, respectively. 

Conclusion 

These results suggested that VE have possible properties to be used as therapeutic agent for 

smoking cessation. 

Keywords: nicotine, withdrawal, Vernonia cinerea, smoking cessation 


1. Isola, R.; Vogelsberg, V.; Wemlinger, T. A.; Neff, N. H.; Hadjiconstantinou, M. Brain Res., 1999, 850, 189-196. 

2. Mousavi, M.; Hellström-Lindahl, E.; Guan, Z.; Bednar, I.; Nordberg, A. Life Sci., 2001, 70, 577-590. 

3. Wake, G.; Court, J.; Pickering, A.; Lewis, R.; Wilkins, R.; Perry, E. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2000, 69, 105-114. 

Pattachai Pinnak (พัทธชัย ปนนาค) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Biology, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: pharmacology, neuroscience, and drugs dependence

S2-P66 

Effects of Thai Edible Plants on Lipofuscin and Reactive Oxygen 

Species (ROS) Formation in Caenorhabditis elegans 

Khwanta Kaewnarin, Lalida Shank, Hataichanoke Niamsup and Nuansri Rakariyatham 


HuayKaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


The effect of a high glucose condition leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 

and an accumulation of oxidative molecular damage, such as lipofuscin, which consequently causes to 

aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Natural antioxidants often reveal beneficial effects against aging, 

especially those found in in Thai edible plants. However, the beneficial data of Thai edible plants in 

worms is quite limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether these Thai 

antioxidant plants might contribute to protect against glucose toxicity in worms. 

Methods 

C.elegans was cultured under high glucose concentrations, resembling the hyperglycemic 

conditions in diabetic patients, and with or without plant extracts. After 5 days, the level of ROS in 

the whole worm body was determined using dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (H 2 DCF-DA) assay 

and measured by luminescence microplate reader at excitation/emission wavelength of 485/528 nm, 

whereas the accumulation of autofluorescent lipofuscin in the worm was evaluated using a 

fluorescence microscope. 

Results 

These results showed that the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum and Gynura divaricata 

effectively reduced the intracellular ROS accumulations in glucose-induced worms by 65.3% and 

73.3%, respectively. In addition, these ethanolic extracts also decreased the accumulation of the aging 

marker lipofuscin in C.elegans. These results suggest that Punica granatum and Gynura divaricata 

extracts effectively attenuated the accumulation of lipofuscin and ROS in glucose-induced worms. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, some Thai edible plants (Punica granatum and Gynura divaricata) have presented 

the protective effects against lipofuscin and ROS accumulation in glucose-induced worms. Thus, 

these plants present the strong capability to be applied toward the prevention of glucose toxicity in 

diabetic patients. 

Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans, lipofuscin accumulation, reactive oxygen species, Thai edible 

plants 


1. Artjanasuppat, K.; Wongkham, W.; Meepowpan, P.; Kittakoop, P.; Sobphon, P.; Bartiett, A.; Whitfield, P. 

J. Ethnol., 2009, 123, 475-482. 

2. Maocos, M.; Schlotterer, A.; Kukudov, G.; Bozorgmehr, F.; Hutter, H.; Du, X.; Oikonomou, D.; Ibrahim, 

Y.; Pfisterer, F.; Rabbani, N.; Thornalley, P.; Sayed, A.; Fleming, T.; Schwenger, V.; Zeier, M.; Hamann, 

A.; Stern, D.; Brownlee, M.; Bierhaus, A.; Nawroth, P. Diabetes, 2009, 58, 2450-2456. 

Khwanta Kaewnarin (ขวัญตา แกวนรินทร) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry and Biochemical technology, B.Sc. 2005 


Research field: bioproducts

S2-P67 

Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Sericin and Its Effect on Liver 

Protein Expression 

Kanittaporn Trisat, a Manote Sutheerawattananonda b and Nanteetip Limpeanchob a 



b Department of Food Technology, Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. 


Our previous study suggests that the cholesterol lowering effect of sericin is resulted from its 

inhibition of cholesterol absorption in intestinal cells and its reduction of cholesterol solubility in lipid 

micelles (1). However, the systemic effect associated with the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 

formation and clearance is unknown. The aim of the proposed study is to determine the cholesterol 

lowering effect of sericin in rats and the regulation of the expression of certain proteins isolated from 

rat livers. These proteins include microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), the protein 

involved in VLDL assembly and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the protein removed 

cholesterol from the body by biosynthetic pathway producing bile acids. 

Methods 

Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–250 g) were fed a standard diet with highcholesterol 

supplement (cholesterol, bile extract, and coconut oil at 1.5, 0.75 and 0.75 g/kg body 

weight/day, respectively) with and without sericin solutions by gastric tube for 17 days. Fasting blood 

was collected at day 0 (baseline), 4, 8, 11, 14 and 17 from the tail vein to measure serum lipid levels. 

The expression of MTP and CYP7A1 in those rat livers was determined by western blotting. 

Results 

Maintenance on a 2% cholesterol diet for 2 wk significantly raised animals’ blood lipid levels and 

decreased the expression of hepatic MTP. Supplementation of sericin significantly lowered animals’ 

blood lipid levels and inhibited the expression of hepatic MTP and CYP7A1. Unexpectedly this effect 

was not observed with high concentrations of sericin. The expression of hepatic MTP was 

significantly lowest in sericin treated group (10mg/kg/day) while the expression of hepatic CYP7A1 

was significantly lowest in sericin treated group (100mg/kg/day). 

Conclusion 

Sericin exerts the hypocholesterolemic effect by inhibition of cholesterol absorption in intestinal 

cells and reduction of cholesterol solubility in lipid micelles (1). This study proposed the hepatic 

effect of sericin by down-regulating MTP and CYP7A1expression. However, this might be indirect 

effect or the consequence of cholesterol lowering activity through the intestinal effects. Nevertheless, 

there are several liver proteins regulating cholesterol formation and clearance that are interesting to be 

further investigated. 

Keywords: hypocholesterolemic effect, MTP, CYP7A1, sericin, silk protein 


1. Limpeanchob, N.; Trisat, K.; Duangjai, A.; Tiyaboonchai, W.; Pongcharoen, S.; Sutheerawattananonda, M. J. 

Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 12519-12522. 

Kanittaporn Trisat (ขนิษฐพร ไตรศรัทธ) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Biomedical Sciences, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: hypocholesterolemic effect and dietary protein

S2-P68 

Sericin Consumption Suppresses Development and Progression of 

Colon Tumorigenesis in 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine–treated Rats 

Waraporn Kaewkon, a Waree Tiyaboonchai, b Sutatip Pongcharoen, c Manote Sutheerawattananonda d 

and Nanteetip Limpeanchob a 



b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, 

Thailand. 

c Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

d School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 



Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in many countries. Dietary factor is considered a 

major risk of colon cancer development, thus dietary interventions could perhaps prevent the disease. 

Protein from silk cocoon, sericin, has been previously reported by Japanese scientists that it could 

prevent colon cancer in animal experiment. Since Thailand is one of the silk agriculture countries, the 

aim of this study is to investigate the chemopreventive effect of Thai sericin as well as its mechanism 

of action in the DMH-treated rats. 

Methods 

Male Spargue-Dawley rats were purchased from the National Laboratory Animal Centre, Mahidol 

University, Thailand. Sericin was provided by Institution of Agricultural Technology, Suanaree 

University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Rats were fed with 4% sericin or 4% casein 

control diet for 20 weeks, and given 20 mg/kg DMH subcutaneously injection once a week for the 

initial ten weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colons were determined by methylene blue staining. 

Lipid peroxidation of colon tissue was estimated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances 

(TBARs) assay. The expression of Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemistry using avidin-biotin 

complex method 

Results 

There was no ACF and tumors found in the colon of control rats. ACF found in DMH-treated rats 

were mostly localized at the distal part of colon. The densities of ACF in the middle and distal colon 

of sericin fed rats were lower than that of casein fed rats. The lipid peroxidation products in distal 

colon of sericin diet groups seemed to be lower than those of casein diets. The number of Ki67 

positive cells in DMH treated rats given sericin diet tended to be lower than those given casein diet, 

although they were not statistically significant due to high variation among individual rats. 

Conclusion 

Consumption of sericin could reduce the risk of colon tumor by suppressing the initiation and 

progression of tumorigenesis. 

Keywords: sericin, colon cancer, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, aberrant crypt foci 


1. Janne, P. A.; Mayer R. J. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 42, 1960-1968. 

2. Zhaorigetu, S.; Sasaki M.; Watanabe, H.; Kato, N. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 2001, 65, 2181-2186. 

Waraporn Kaewkon (วราภรณ แกวคอน) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Zoology, B.Sc. 1996 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biology, M.Sc. 2000 

Research field: colon cancer and sericin

S2-P69 

Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Interleukin-1β on Hyaluronan 

Synthase Gene Expression and Hyaluronan Synthesis 

Nawarat Viriyakhasem, Siriprapa Khuajan, Prachya Kongtawelert and Siriwan Ongchai 

a Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 52100, Thailand. 


Hyaluronan (HA) is an essential component of joint fluid. It plays a crucial role in joint motion 

and maintains joint homeostasis. Despite the increasing of HA synthesis as a critical player in 

rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease of joint, leads to a progressive articular 

destruction consequence with severe morbidity and disability. This study aims to investigate the role 

of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on HA synthesis and HA synthase (HAS) 

gene expression in synovial sarcoma cell lines, SW982, and their response to dexamethasone. 

Methods 

SW982 was treated with LPS or IL-1β in indicated dose and time. The mRNA levels of HAS2 

and HAS3 genes were determined by RT-PCR. The level of HA in culture supernatant was analyzed 

by ELISA technique. The effect of dexamethasone in SW982 induced by LPS or IL-1β, was 

determined the level of HA synthesis and the expression mRNA of HAS2 and HAS3. 

Results 

It was found that SW982 increased HA level in dose and time dependent manner which induced 

by LPS and IL-1β. SW982 expressed gene encoding HAS2 and HAS3 that induced with 0.1 µg/ml 

LPS. Dexamethasone significantly reduced HA production and decreased the expression of HAS2 and 

HAS3 in SW982 induced by LPS. 

Conclusion 

These results suggest that SW982 cells are able to be used as a tool for studying the expression of 

HAS genes and HA synthesis. 

Keywords: SW982, hyaluronan, hyaluronan synthase, rheumatoid arthritis, interleukin-1β, 

lipopolysaccharide 


1. Falgarone, G.; Jaen, O.; Boissier, M. Joint Bone Spine, 2005, 72(1), 17-25. 

2. Itano, Y.; Sawai, T.; Yoshida, M.; Lenas, P.; Yamada, Y.; Imagawa, M. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274(35), 

25085-25092. 

3. Yamazaki, T.; Yokoyama, T.; Akatsu, H.; Tukiyama, T.; Tokiwa, T. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim., 2003, 

39(8-9), 337-339. 

Nawarat Viriyakhasem (นวรัตน วิริยะเขษม) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Medical Technology, B.Sc. 2004 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: inflammatory joint disease

S2-P70 

Immunostaining Chromatographic Determination of Bacopaside I 

and Its Application in Metabolic Studies in Rat Model 

Sontaya Sookying, a Watoo Phrompittayarat, b Céline Demougeot, c Frederic Muyard, d 

Nitra Nuengchamnong, b Sarawut Oo-Puthinan e and Kornkanok Ingkaninan a 

a Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center for innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Regional Medical Sciences Center Phitsanulok, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Phitsanulok 


c Separative Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France. 

d Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France. 

d Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, 

Thailand. 


Bacopa monnieri Wettst. (family Scrophulariaceae), is extensively used in traditional Ayurvedic 

medicine as a nerve tonic. Its major chemical constituents are triterpenoid saponins with jujubogenin 

or pseudojujubogenin moieties as aglycone units. The plant has been investigated in several 

laboratories for its pharmacological effects. A number of reports confirmed the nootropic action. 

However, there was still no study on the pharmacokinetics of this plant. The present study aims to 

develop the method for the determination of Bacopaside I, a pseudojujubogenin glycoside, in rat urine 

and feces. 

Methods 

The samples were applied onto PES membrane. The mixture of 0.2% o-phosphoric acid pH 

3.0:acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) was used as a mobile phase. The membrane was then treated with a NaIO 4 

solution followed by 1% gelatin in carbonate buffer. Next, the membrane was treated with PAb 

against Bacopaside I to form the antigen-antibody complex. Then, the second antibody labeled with 

peroxidase was linked to the complex and stained with 4-chloro-1-napthol substrate. The coloring 

spots of pseudojujubogenin glycosides were quantitatively analyzed using Photoshop software. 

Results 

The intra- and inter-day precision, determined as relative standard deviations, were less than 15%, 

and method recovery were in the range of 88.57-92.50% and 88.86-93.07% for rat urine and feces, 

respectively. The limit of detection and quantification were 1.0 and 31.25 ng, respectively. A linear 

relationship with a regression coefficient with a range of 31.25-1000 ng was 0.995. 

Conclusion 

The immunoassay was proved to be accurate, precise, specific and has been successfully applied 

to the metabolism study in rat after oral and intravenous administration. 

Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside I, pseudojujubogenin, metabolism, immunoassay 


1. Phrompittayarat, W.; Putalun, W.; Tanaka, H.; Wittaya-Areegul, S.; Jetiyanon, K., Ingkaninan, K. Anal. 

Chim. Acta, 2007, 584, 1-6. 

2. Imsungnoen, N.; Phrompittayarat, W.; Ingkaninan, K.; Tanaka, H.; Putalun, W. Phytochem. Anal., 2009, 

20, 64-67. 

Sontaya Sookying (สนธยา สุขยิ่ง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Phayao, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Pharmaceutical Care, Pharm.D. 2008 

Research field: pharmacokinetics, metabolism, bacopasides

S2-P71 

Effects of Curcuminoids on Ethanol Induced Toxicity 

in HepG2 Cells and Rats 

Ruttiya Thongrung, Sakonwun Praputbut and Nanteetip Limpeanchob 

Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 



The pathological progress of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) involves in increasing reactive oxygen 

species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, cytokines secretions, and inflammatory reactions. 

Curcuminoids, a mixture of active substance derived from turmeric compound, has exhibited an 

antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to examine effects of curcuminoids on 

NO production in ethanol-stimulated hepatic cells and on the liver function enzymes in ethanolinduced 

toxicity rats. 

Methods 

Group of rats; I control animal, II vehicle control, III isocaloric 60% glucose, IV, V, VI, and VII, 

the rats were received ethanol (6 g/kg /day p.o.) for 14 weeks and on week 8 th the rats were received 

silymarin 100 mg/kg/day or curcuminoids 250,500 and 750 mg/kg/day respectively. Serums from the 

animals were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In 

cells culture model, all cells were plated at density 3x10 4 cell/well. Then, cells were pre-treated with 

various concentrations of curcuminoids in serum free medium for 2 hours. After that cells were added 

with 10% (v/v) of ethanol for 22 hours. The diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate (DAF-2 DA) was added 

to the wells and incubated for 30 minutes in dark. Fluorescence was read at excitation 485 nm, 

emission 535 nm. The cells were lysed and measured protein contents. NO productions were 

represented as the fluorescence unit/mg protein. 

Results 

We found that curcuminoids at concentration 500 and 750 mg/kg/day decreased the liver function 

enzymes significantly in the ethanol-induced toxicity rats. In addition, curcuminoids at lower 

concentration (0.313 and 0.625 g/ml) trends to reduce NO production in the ethanol-stimulated cells. 

Conclusion 

The results from our study suggested that curcuminoids have a potential property to be use as a 

hepatoprotective agent in ethanol-induced hepatic toxicity. 

Keywords: alcoholic liver disease, ethanol, nitric oxide, hepatoprotective agent, curcuminoids 


1. Arteel, G; Marsano, L; Mendez, C; Bentley, F; McClain, C. J. Best Pract. Res.Clin., 2003, 625-647. 

2. Goel, A; Kunnumakkara, A. B.; Aggarwal, B. B. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2008, 787-809. 

Ruttiya Thongrung (รัตติยา ทองรุง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Phisanulok, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Medical Sciences, B.Sc. 2007 

Research field: hepatoprotective agent, cell culture, and natural plant

S2-P72 

Antimetastatic Effect of Isomorellinol in 

Human Cholangiocarcinoma KKU-M156 Cells 

Thitiporn Sahagunboonyarak, a Chariya Hahnvajanawong, a,e,f Natthinee Anantachoke, c,f 

Banchob Sripa b,e,f and Vichai Reutrakul d,f 

a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 

b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 

c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 

d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 

e Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center (LFCRC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 

f Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 


Several evidence indicating that the majority of the cancer patient death is due to tumor invasion 

and metastasis. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor of the bile duct epithelium with a slow 

growing but rapid and high metastasis. Isomorellinol has been shown to possess an anti-proliferative 

activity against various cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Our recent study demonstrated that 

isomorellinol showed selective growth inhibitory effect in CCA KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cell lines 

by induction of apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. However, a potential as an 

antimetastatic agent of GA in CCA cell lines has not been reported. The present study, we 

investigated the effect of GA on the metastasis of the KKU-M156 cell lines. 

Methods 

Effects of isomorellinol on proliferation and adhesion of KKU-M156 cells were determined by 

sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Anti-migrative and -invasive effects were determined by wound 

migration assay, chamber migration and invasion assay, respectively. 

Results 

The results demonstrated that isomorellinol significantly inhibited the proliferation, adhesion, 

migration and invasion of KKU-M156 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 

Conclusion 

Our results indicated that isomorellinol had a potential antimetastatic effect in vitro and shed light 

on the investigation of isomorellinol on cholangiocarcinoma metastasis in vivo. The results provided a 

theoretical foundation for the possibility of isomorellinol as a potential agent for the treatment of 

cancer metastasis. 

Keywords: isomorellinol, invasion, metastasis, cholangiocarcinoma 


1. Hopfner, M.; Schuppan, D.; Scherubl, H. World J. Gastroentero., 2008, 14(46), 7021-7032. 

2. Hahnvajanawong, C.; Boonyanugomol, W.; Nasomyon, T.; Loilome, W.; Namwat, N.; Anantachoke, N.; et 

al. World J. Gastroentero., 2010, 16(18), 2235-2243. 

Thitiporn Sahagunboonyarak (ฐิติพร สหกุลบุญญรักษ) M.Sc. Student 


Khon kaen University, Thailand, Medical Technology, B.Sc. 2007 

Research field: natural products, cancer metastasis

S2-P73 

Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest by Rhinacanthin-C 

in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines 

Wissanukorn Puthabaln, a Chariya Hahnvajanawong, a,f Pongpun Siripong, b Kovit Pattanapanyasat, c 

Banchob Sripa d,f and Vichai Reutrakul e 

a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 

b Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Thailand. 

c Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand 

d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 

e Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 

Bangkok, Thailand. 

f Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center (LFCRC), Khon Kean University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. 


Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumor of bile duct epithelium for which an effective 

treatment is lacking. The present study aims to investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of 

rhinacanthin-C in human cholangiocarcinoma KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells. 

Methods 

The growth inhibitory effect of rhinacanthin-C in KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells were 

determined by using sulforhodamine B assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. 

Results 

Rhinacanthin-C inhibited growth of KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells in a time- and dosedependent 

manner with IC 50 value of 9.46 µM and 2.78 µM, respectively. Rhinacanthin-C increased 

the protein level of p53, p21 and p27 while it decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 

4 (Cdk4) and Cdk2, which is associated with the cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in KKU-100 cells. 

Rhinacanthin-C also increased the protein level of cyclin E, cyclin A and Cdk2, which is associated 

with the cell cycle arrest at S phase in KKU-M156 cells. 

Conclusion 

Our study indicated that rhinacanthin-C had different effect on cell cycle progression in different 

CCA cell types. These results suggest that rhinacanthin-C has strong potential for development as a 

chemotherapeutic agent against the human cholangiocarcinoma. 

Keywords: rhinacanthin-C, cholangiocarcinoma, cell cycle arrest 


1. Siripong, P.; Yahuafai, J.; Shimizu, K.; Ichikawa, K.; Yonezawa, S.; Asai, T.; et al. Bio. Pharm. Bull. 2006, 

29(11), 2279-2283. 

2. Renvoize, C.; Biola, A.; Pallardy, M.; Breard, J. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 1998, 14(2),111-20. 

Wissanukorn Puthabaln (วิศนุกร พุทธบาล) M.Sc. Student 


Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Medical Technology, B.Sc. 2004 

Research field: anticancer activity of natural products

S2-P74 

Effect of Ayclopentanone-anthracene Adducts on Activity of 

Cytochrome P450 

Laddawan Potprommanee, a, b Puttinan Meepowpan, b Ruangrat Choommongkol b, c and Lalida Shank b 

a 

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 


c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Piperine, an alkaloid compound, is a secondary metabolite found in Piper nigrum. Piperine displays a 

variety of pharmacological activities and is used for treatment of many health disorders in human. CYP 

450 enzymes are superfamily of hemeprotein that catalyze the oxidative metabolism of drugs and other 

xenobiotics. This study aims to synthesize amide adducts, which can be prepared from the 

dimethylitaconate–anthracene adduct, piperine and amides, structurally characterize the compounds and 

study their metabolism via CYP 450. 

Methods 

Piperine was utilized as the starting material for synthesis of the amide adducts via tandem Michael 

addition–Dieckmann condensation reactions to give cyclopentanone–anthracene adducts, namely 

spirolactone–anthracene adducts 3, 4, 5 and 6. CYP 450 activity was determined using erythromycin as a 

substrate in the presence of β-NADPH and assayed with Nash reagent at 405 nm with spectrophotometer, 

and protein content was determined using Bradford method. Piperine, the amide adducts 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 

tested as described above. Moreover, the effects of the amide adducts 3 and 4 on the catalysis of CYP 

450 when using erythromycin as a substrate were analyzed by HPLC. 

Results 

Piperine, the amide adducts 3, 4, 5 and 6 were all substrates of CYP 450 judging from formaldehyde 

release from individual reaction with K m values of 29.24, 4.90, 15.7, 9.71 and 14.47 mM and V max values 

of 1.63, 0.38, 0.73, 1.15 and 1.41 mM/min/mg, respectively. The effects of the amide adducts 3 and 4 on 

the catalysis of CYP 450 when using erythromycin as a substrate were analyzed by the HPLC. 

Experimental results revealed that the amide adducts 3 and 4 increased the amounts of erythromycin 

remained in the reaction indicating the inhibition of CYP 450 catalysis. It was found that the amide 

adducts 3 and 4 were competitive inhibitors of CYP 450 with apparent K m values of 400.0 and 476.2 µM 

and apparent V max values of 18.7 and 17.7 µM/min/mg, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Spirolactone–anthracene adducts 3, 4, 5 and 6 were successfully synthesized by tandem Michael 

addition-Dieckmann condensation reaction. The compounds were tested with CYP 450 from porcine liver. 

It was found that piperine, the amide adducts 3, 4, 5 and 6 are all substrates of CYP 450 as they produced 

formaldehyde upon the catalysis. This implies that their metabolisms may be affected by the presence of 

other compounds sharing the CYP 450 catalytic process. Thus, these compounds that have been prepared 

as potential bioactive agents may affect the metabolism of other drugs by acting as substrates and 

competing with one another for the binding site of CYP 450 enzymes. 

Keywords: cyclopentanone-anthracene adducts, porcine liver microsomes, erythromycine 


1. Bradford, M. M. Anal. Biochem., 1917, 72, 248-254. 

2. Chris, C. O.; Pharm, D.; Jan, L. M. Rev. Pharmacol., 2000, 13(4), 421-423. 

3. Lertvorachon. J.; Meepowpan. P.; Thebtaranonth. Y. Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 14341-14358. 

4. Nash, T. Biochem., 1953, 55, 416-421. 

Laddawan Potprommanee (ลัดดาวัลย พจนพรหมมณี) M.Sc. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biotechnology, M.Sc. 2009-present 

Research field: bioorganic chemistry

S2-P75 

Identification of Endophytic Actinomycete by 16S rRNA Sequence 

Julaluck Tang-um, Jenjira Somkeaw and Hataichanoke Niamsup 




Endophytic actinomycetes are microorganisms that live in plant tissues and do not harm their host 

plants. They are known for ability to improve and promote the growth of the host plants as well as 

reduce disease symptoms caused by plant pathogens. In addition, they produced several secondary 

metabolites to prevent the host from successfully attacking fungi and pest. Identification of 

endophytic actinomycetes was generally based on their morphology and the amino acid composition 

of the whole-cell extract including chemotaxonomic analysis. However, analysis of 16S rRNA 

sequences is also currently the most powerful method for determining higher taxonomic relationships 

of actinomycetes [1, 2]. Therefore, in this study, an endophytic actinomycete strain P4 previously 

isolated from sweet pea root was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing technique. 

Methods 

The actinomycetes isolate was cultured on IMA2 broth for 7 days at 37 o C with rotary shaking at 

160 rpm. Genomic DNA of endophytic actinomycetes was extracted by using CTAB method. 16S 

rRNA was amplified by using Taq PCR polymerase and a set of universal primers 27F (5'- 

AGAGTTTGATCA TGGCTCAG-3') and 1492R (5'-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3'). The 

PCR amplification was carried out with an initial denaturation step at 94 o C for 3 min, followed by 30 

cycles of denaturation at 94 o C for 45 sec, annealing at 47 o C for 45 sec and elongation at 72 o C for 

60 sec and at the end of cycles, final elongation was performed at 72 o C for 15 min. The 1.5 Kb 

amplified 16S rRNA fragments was analyzed by 1.0% (w/v) agarose gel electrophoresis. The purified 

PCR product was directly sequenced by BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC), Thailand. The obtained 

sequences were aligned using BioEdit program and calculated the levels of sequence similarity at 

EzTaxon server. 

Results 

Endophytic actinomycete P4 was identified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces sp. Its 

nucleotide sequence was compared with reference strains. It was revealed that it closely related to 

species of S. variabilis, S. griseoincarnatus and S. labedae with the sequence similarity levels of 

99.50%. 

Conclusion 

Strain P4 was classified as Streptomyces sp. However, its application as anti-phytopathogen will 

further be studied. 

Keywords: endophyte, actinomycetes, 16S rRNA sequence, Streptomyces 


1. Nimnoi, P.; Pongsilp, N.; Lumyong, S. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2010, 26, 193-203. 

2. Taechowisan, T.; Lumyong, S. J. Ann. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 291-298. 

Julaluck Tang-um (จุฬาลักษณ แตงอ่ํา) M.Sc. Student 


Rajjamongala University of Technology Lanna Lampang, Thailand, Food Science and 

Technology, B.Sc. 2006 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, M.Sc. 2011 

Research field: biocontrol

S2-P76 

Endophytic Fungi from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. 

Which Produced Antimicrobial Substances 

Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam, a,c Souwalak Phongpaichit, a,c Jariya Sakayaroj d 

and Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul b 

a Department of Microbiology and Center for Innovation in Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, 


bDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, 


c Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

d National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumtani 



Endophytic fungi are the promising sources of new and biologically active natural products. Our 

preliminary study showed that culture broths and crude extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa had antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In this 

study, antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from endophytic fungal isolates were tested against 

various human pathogens. 

Methods 

Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized leaves, petioles and branches of 

R. tomentosa that collected from Phatthalung province, southern Thailand. The 215 selected fungal 

isolates were grown in PDB for 3 weeks and their culture broths and mycelia were extracted. The 634 

crude extracts of endophytic fungi were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using the 

microdilution broth technique against 9 pathogenic microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, 

methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida 

albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum gypseum and Penicillium marneffei. Endophytic 

fungi that showed interesting NMR profile and strong antimicrobial activity were identified by 

molecular technique. 

Results 

Three hundred and sixty-one out of 634 extracts (56.9%) displayed antimicrobial activity against 

at least one pathogen. Crude extracts exhibited the most activity against P. marneffei clinical isolate 

(43.5%) followed by both strains of C. neoformans (16.5-20.8%), S. aureus ATCC25923 (11.4%), 

MRSA-SK1 (8.6%), M. gypseum clinical isolate (6.0%), C. albicans ATCC90028 (5.0%), 

P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 (0.3%) and E. coli ATCC25922 (0.3%), respectively. Crude extracts 

displayed the most activity against yeasts with MIC/MFC values that ranged from 1-200 /2->200 

µg/ml followed by filamentous fungi (MICs/MFCs 2-200 /16->200 µg/ml) and bacteria (MICs/MBCs 

4-200/16->200 µg/ml), respectively. Twenty nine endophytic fungi that produced compounds with 

MIC values less than 10 μg/ml and showed interesting NMR profile were identified based on large 

subunit and internally transcribed spacer rRNA gene sequence analysis to be in the genera 

Guignardia, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Phomopsis and Xylaria. 

Conclusion 

Endophytic fungi from R. tomentosa are a potential source of antimicrobial agents. 

Keywords: endophytic fungi, antimicrobial activity, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 


1. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2002. 

2. Drummond, A. J.; Waigh, R. D. Recent Res. Devel. Photochem., 2000, 4, 143-152. 

Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam (จุฑาทิพย จีนแกวเปยม) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Microbiology, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: endophytic fungi, antimicrobial activity

S2-P77 

Callus Production from Drumstick Trees (Moringa oleifera Lam.) as 

an Alternative Source of Enzymes and Secondary Metabolites 

Patama Udomsanti, a,b Thidarat Riyathong a,b and Lalida Shank b 

a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry and center for Innovation in chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 



Tissue culture techniques have been developed for large-scale cultivation of plant cells and for 

large scale production of useful secondary metabolites including various beneficial compounds such 

as ginsenoside, vitamin E, azadirachtin and peroxidase. It is one of our laboratory aims to examine 

different parts of M. oleifera as potential source of usefull componds. M. oleifera which is a 

perennial tree takes a long time to grow and production of enzymes and secoundary metabolites in the 

plant may depend on season and growing conditions. Therefore, the generation of callus tissue 

cultures will allow efficient production of compounds of interest. 

Methods 

Seed explants unwrapped from drumstick tree pods were surface sterilized with 15% Clorox 

followed by 30% Clorox both with 3 drops of Tween 20 for 15 min and 30 min, respectively and 

rinsed 4 times with steriled distilled water. The explants were dipped in 95% ethanol, fired for a 

moment before the seed coat was carefully removed and then cultured on steriled MS basal agar 

medium. Aapproximately 3-4 weeks after culturing was used for callus induction. Shoot and root of 2 

weeks old in vitro seedling were sliced and the segments were inoculated separately on MS agar 

medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 

0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/l. All callus cultures were grown under condition of no photoperiod at 

room temperature of 25 ±2 °C. 

Results 

Drumstick tree plantlets were successfully accomplished by seedlings germinated under sterile 

condition on MS agar medium. For callus induction, the shoot or root segments were cultured on MS 

medium pH 5.8 free of growth regulators, no callus was induced from explants. Callus induction of 

drumstick tree from shoot or root explants were observed on all the culture medium containing of 2,4- 

D. At the same culture period, the callus derived from shoot explants seem to have better ability to 

proliferate on the culture medium than the callus derived from root explants. The drumstick tree callus 

obtained was soft, friable and yellowish-white. 

Conclusion 

Aseptic drumstick tree plantlets were successfully produced through culture on MS basal agar 

medium pH 5.8 without growth regulators. Seed explants germination was observed after 10 days of 

culturing and complete development of drumstick tree plantlets were obtained within 4 weeks after 

culture initiation. The results of callus induction with 2,4-D showed that the MS medium 

supplemented 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D was the most effective medium for callus induction of drumstick tree 

with 100% of callus induction. 

Keywords: Drumstick trees, Moringa oleifera Lam., callus production, tissue culture 


1. Mohan, V.; Purohit, M.; Srivastava, P. S. Phytomorphology, 1995, 45. 253-261. 

2. Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. Physio. Plant, 1962, 15, 473-497. 

Patama Udomsanti (ปฐมา อุดมสันติ) M.Sc. Student 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry and Biochemical Ttechnology, B.Sc. 2009 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biotechnology, M.Sc. 2010-present 

Research field: analytical biochemistry

S2-P78 

Screening for Antimicrobial Substance Producing 

Actinomycetes from Soil 

Sunanta Sawasdee, a,c Souwalak Phongpaichit, a,c Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul b and Ampaithip Sookhom a 

a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Prince of Songkla 


b Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla 


c Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


Clinically-important microorganisms are becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics. New 

resistant strains emerge more quickly while the rate of discovery of new antibiotics is slowing down. 

Therefore, there is a need to find new antibiotics against those resistant strains. Actinomycetes has 

been known to be a good source of antibiotics. The objective of this study was to isolate 

actinomycetes from soils from southern Thailand and screen for their ability to produce antimicrobial 

substances against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. 

Methods 

Actinomycetes were isolated from soils from four provinces in southern Thailand and tested for 

antimicrobial activity by cross streak and hyphal inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria: 

Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two species of yeasts: Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans 

and two species of fungi: Microsporum gypseum and Penicillium marneffei. The active isolates that 

showed inhibition zone over 25 mm and hyphal growth inhibition over 80% were selected and 

cultured in YME broth for extraction of bioactive compound. Crude extracts were then tested for their 

minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bacxtericidal concentrations (MBCs) and 

minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) by broth microdilution methods according to CLSI. 

Results 

Seventy-nine percents of actinomycetes isolated from soil showed antimicrobial activity against at 

least one test microorganism. Among them, 19% inhibited only bacteria, 21% were against yeasts, 

11% inhibited only fungi and 31% had both antibacterial and antifungal activities. For antibacterial 

activity, 40% of soil actinomycetes inhibited both strains of S. aureus and only 9% and 15% inhibited 

E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. For antifungal activity, 30% inhibited C. albicans and 49% 

inhibited C. neoformans. Fourty-four most active isolates were further selected for fermentation and 

extraction. Fifteen extracts from 5 actinomycetes isolates can inhibit both strains of S. aureus with 

MIC values of 0.5-200 and MBC values of 4->128 µg/ml, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Isolate ACK 21 shows the best antibacterial activity againts S. aureus and MRSA with MIC 

values of 0.5 µg/ml and MBC values of 4 µg/ml, respectively. None of the extracts inhibited E. coli 

and P. aerugenosa. All actinomycetes produced aerial mycelium and spore belonging to the genus 

Streptomyces. 

Keywords: actinomycetes, soil, antimicrobial activities 


1. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institue (CLSI), 2002. Approved standard M7-A4, M38-A and M27-A2. 

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institue, Pennsylvania, USA. 

2. Drummond, A. J.; Waigh, R. D. Recent Res. Devel. Photochem., 2000, 4, 143-152. 

Sunanta Sawasdee (สุนันทา สวัสดี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakhonsithammarat, Thailand 

Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand, Microbiology, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: antimicrobial natural products

S2-P79 

Proteomic Analyses of Rat Liver Proteins Affected by “Trikatu” 

A Thai Herbal Formulation 

Chartchai Chaichana, a Krongkarn Chootipsittiruk, b Preecha Promma, b Sittiruk Roytrakul, c 

Narumon Phaonakrop, c Janthima Jaresitthikunchai c and Sukkid Yasothornsrikul a 

a Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan 

University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 

b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. 

c Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand. 


Trikatu is a traditional herbal formulation consisting of three herbs in equal amounts, Piper 

nigrum, Piper longum and Zinggiber officinale. It is commonly used to enliven gastric and respiratory 

functions (1). Moreover, it is suggested to be beneficial in control of lipids in the body (2). However, 

the scientific evidence supporting such claim has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to 

investigate changes of proteins related to lipid metabolism in liver. 

Methods 

200-250 g male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (8 rats per group). The tested 

group was treated with 100 mg/kg of Trikatu and the control group was treated with the extract 

solution. Blood serums were estimated. Lipid profiles were investigated. Liver samples were collected 

after 4 weeks for protein extraction and analysis via SDS-PAGE. From the SDS-PAGE, protein bands 

were excised, digested with trypsin and identified by LC-MS/MS (3). 

Results 

We found that Trikatu showed significant decrease in the triglyceride level (p< 0.01) in rats. From 

the SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analyses, we found 7 proteins that showed significant differences 

between the control and Trikatu treated. One of these proteins is Liver Fatty acid binding protein (L- 

FABP) that plays a key role in binding to free fatty acid molecules and could facilitate their 

trafficking to various metabolic pathways within the liver (4). 

Conclusion 

Our findings suggest that Trikatu may help lower triglyceride levels by increasing the expression 

or activity of L-FABP in the liver. Trikatu is showing promise as a natural triglyceride lowering herb 

and help maintain lipid metabolism in the body. 

Keywords: trikatu, triglyceride, proteomics, LC-MS/MS, L-FABP 


1. Johri, R. K.; Zutshi, U. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1992, 37, 85-91. 

2. Sivakumar, V.; Sivakumar, S. Phytother. Res., 2004, 18, 976-981. 

3. Perkins, D. N.; Pappin, D. J. C.; Creasy, D. M.; Cottrell, J. S. Electrophoresis, 1999, 20, 3551-3567. 

4. Elizabeth, P. et al. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 19, 51664-51672. 

Chartchai Chaichana (ชาติชาย ไชยชนะ) M.Sc. Student 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Medical Science, B.Sc. 2004 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Biochemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: phytochemical, biochemical, and proteomics

S2-P80 

Proteome Analysis of Murine Macrophage Cell in Response to EAMA 

Jirapa Chantiman, a Ekaruth Srisook, b Narumon Phaonakrop, c Janthima Jaresitthikunchai, c 

Sittiruk Roytrakul c and Klaokwan Srisook d 

a Biological Science Program and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsaen, 


b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 

c Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 

d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


Inflammation is a natural defense of the body to protect against foreign organism or tissue injury 

causing harm to the body. During inflammation, the leukocyte and macrophage cells release the 

inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide. Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) 

acrylate (EAMA) compound, a N-acetyl-3-O-methyldopamine (NAMDA) derivative, showed its 

ability to suppress nitric oxide formation and induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the antiinflammatory 

enzyme expression. But the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. 

Therefore, this research aims to study the differentially expressed protein from murine macrophage 

cells treated with EAMA. 

Methods 

The differentially expressed proteins of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine macrophage 

cells (RAW 264.7) response to EAMA was observed by a label-free quantitative proteomic approach. 

A total of 7 proteins with MW of 52-150 kDa were identified using SDS-PAGE combined with nano- 

LC-MS/MS. 

Results 

The EAMA responding proteins were identified as Formin binding proteins 28, Cadherin-15, 

Polycystin-L2, Prostate-associated microseminoprotein precursor, Scube3, Lissencephaly-1 and 

Calcium channel. 

Conclusion 

Analysis of the functions of these proteins is involved in cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, signal 

transduction, translation, transcription and transport.The up-regulation and down-regulation were 

shown in different patterns. These 7 proteins coordinated to regulate EAMA response in murine 

macrophage cell RAW 264.7. 

Keywords: inflammation, EAMA, macrophage, SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS 


1. Gao, B. B. et al. Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 2008, 7, 2399-2409. 

2. Jonsson, A. P.; Pettersen, H. Discovery Matters, 2005, 1, 16-17. 

Jirapa Chantiman (จิรภา จันทิมาลย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983 in Chantaburi, Thailand 


Research field: proteomics

S2-P81 

Proteomic Study of Proteins Involved in 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline 

Biosynthesis in Isogenic Rice Seedlings 

Aphinya Wongpia, a 

Sugunya Wongpornchai, a Khemika Lomthaisong b and Hataichanoke Niamsup a 



b Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Mittraparp HWY, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is known as a key volatile compound that provides the popcorn-like 

flavor in fragrant rice. Several powerful techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 

(GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and N-isotope labeling were applied to 

monitor the amino acids and metabolites involved in 2AP biosynthesis [1,2] but the understanding in 

mechanism of 2AP pathway in rice is still limited. Therefore, two isogenic rices (Oryza sativa L. cv. 

Khao Dawk Mali 105) which have the identical genome except fragrance-related genes were used to 

study the proteins associated with 2AP biosynthesis using proteomic approach. 

Methods 

Two isogenic rices conferring fragrant and non-fragrant phenotypes were grown in the paddy soil 

tray and seedlings at 4-leaf stage were collected. The total proteins of rice seedlings were prepared 

using TCA/acetone precipitation protocol. The protein concentrations were determined before 

subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), where individual protein was separated 

according to its isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (Mw), respectively. 2DE protein patterns 

of two isogenic rices derived from three replicates were analyzed by ImageMaster 2D Platinum 

program to detect the differential expression of protein spots. 

Results 

The 2DE analysis of two isogenic rices revealed the 16 protein spots exhibiting the statistically 

differential expression of which 7 spots were increased, 2 spots decreased and 3 spots unique in 

fragrant rice. Moreover, 4 spots were only detected in non-fragrant rice. 

Conclusion 

The 16 significant protein spots that showed the differential expression between two isogenic 

rices probably relate with the fragrance character in rice plant. However, the protein functions will 

further be identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with 

bioinformatics in order to dictate the protein roles correlated with 2AP biosynthetic pathway in 

fragrant rice. 

Keywords: proteomics, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, isogenic rice, protein, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 


1. Huang, T.-C.; Teng, C.-S.; Chang, J.-L.; Chuang, H.-S.; Ho, C.-T.; Wu, M.-L. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 

56, 7399-7404. 

2. Yoshihashi, T.; Huong, N. T. T.; Inatomi, H. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2001-2004. 

Aphinya Wongpia (อภิญญา วงศเปย) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: rice proteomics

S2-P82 

Molecular Cloning of Alpha-amylase Inhibitor from 

Kaw Dok Mali 105 Indica Rice 

Natthawut Poomsila, a Atirada Boondech, a Sittiruk Roytrakul b and Sukkid Yasothornsrikul a 

a Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan 

University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 


Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important crops in the world. However, stored rice seeds 

are commonly lost their values by insect pests feeding on rice grains. Several plant defense researches 

show that an alpha-amylase inhibitor can inhibit insect digestive enzyme such as amylase effectively, 

causing undergrowth of insect pests. However, never have researchers reported nucleotide sequences 

and expression of alpha-amylase inhibitor genes of Kaw Dok Mali 105 (KDML 105) Thai rice, which 

indeed could help in insect-resistance crop production in the future. Therefore, the aim of this study is 

to clone a full-length nucleotide sequence of alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from KDML105 rice in 

order to further study its properties and specificity and selectivity towards certain insect pests. 

Methods 

Seeds of KDML105 rice were harvested for a month. Young leaves of KDML105 rice were 

collected, and total RNA extraction was performed using TRIZOL reagent. cDNAs were synthesized 

by RT-PCR using specific primers according to the conserved region of alpha-amylase inhibitor genes 

found in other cereals. 

Results 

We have optimized melting temperature and other conditions for specific primers based on the 

conserved region of alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from other cereals. Recently, we have not yet 

succeeded in obtaining the full-length nucleotide sequence of an alpha-amylase inhibitor of KDML 

105. 

Conclusion 

We have not yet obtained a full-length nucleotide sequence of alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from 

KDML150. However, the PCR conditions and other conserved regions are being considered. 

Keywords: alpha-amylase inhibitor, KDML105 Thai rice, molecular cloning 


1. Khush, G. S. Plant Mol. Biol., 1997, 35, 25-34. 

2. Svensons, B., et al. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 2004, 1969, 145-156. 

3. Sambrook, J. Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual(third edition), 2001. 

Natthawut Poomsila (นัฐวุธ พุมศิลา) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Biochemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: molecular biology

S2-P83 

Development of Heamorrhagic Septicaemia Vaccine 

Using Microencapsulation Technique 

Pataranapa Nimtrakul, a Nanteetip Limpeanchob b and Waree Tiyaboonchai a 



b Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, 

Thailand. 


Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida (P.multocida) 

serotype B: 2 that is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium. It is a commonly fatal systemic disease 

of cattle and buffaloes in countries of South and Southeast Asia. To date, Bureau of Veterinary 

Biologics can produce HS vaccines in the form of water in oil emulsion which provide longer 

protection for 1 year. However, these vaccines have disadvantages of high viscosity and postvaccination 

high fever in cattle from endotoxin, which make it unpopular among the field users. To 

overcome those problems, we take initiative to develop new vaccine delivery systems which 

hopefully provides the same or higher immune protection. 

Methods 

Microencapsulation of (P. multocida) within alginate based microparticles (MPs) for 

subcutaneous vaccination was prepared by emulsification-cross-linking technique. Process parameters 

were varied as follows: types of polymers; alginate, alginate and HPMC, and alginate and MC; types 

of surfactant; Pluronic L61 and Span80; and types of cross-linking agent; Zinc acetate and calcium 

chloride. The morphology of MPs was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 

mean particle size of the MPs was determined by an optical microscope. The zeta potential of the MPs 

was determined by Zeta PALS analyzer. 

Results 

Optical microscopy revealed spherical particles with uniformly distribution. A mean particle size 

less than 10 um has been successfully developed using simple mixer and ultrasonic probe and using 

Pluronic L61 as a surfactant found that shapes of MPs are spherical and smaller than Span 80. The 

measured zeta potential of the MPs surface showed negative charge of ~-30 mV. The antigen 

entrapment efficacy of up to 80% was achieved. Type of cross-linking agent that was safe for animals 

is CaCl 2 . 

Conclusion 

MPs with a spherical shape and a mean particle size less than 10 um has been successfully 

developed using simple mixer and ultrasonic probe. The MPs surface showed negatively charge, the 

antigen entrapment efficacy up to 80% was achieved. 

Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, vaccine, Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, microparticles 


1. Bowersock, T. L.; Martin, S. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev., 1999, 38, 167-194. 

2. Scheerlinck, J.-P. Y.; Greenwood, D. L. V. Methods, 2006, 40, 118-124. 

Pataranapa Nimtrakul (ภัทรนภา นิ่มตระกูล) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Biology, B.Ed. 2006 

Research field: pharmacology, biomolecular sciences, and pharmaceutical technology

S2-P84 

Change in Biochemical Composition of Spermatozoa from 

Cryopreserved Seabass (Lates calcarifer) milt. 

Patcharee Klaiwattana, a Klaokwan Srisook, b Ekaruth Srisook c and Verapong Vuthiphandchai d 

a Biological Science Program and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University,Chonburi, Thailand. 

b Department of Biochemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University,Chonburi, Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand. 

d Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand. 


Seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an economically important food fish in Thailand. Cryopreservations 

are valuable technique that facilitates seabass hatchery operation. It can induce cellular injury 

resulting in the irreversible loss of motility, reduced metabolic activity, and structural damage to the 

plasma membranes. The damage of membrane may be manifested by the change in its lipid 

composition. Moreover, cryopreserved sperm are highly susceptible to reactive species and 

particularly to lipid peroxidation in the plasma membrane. These attacks ultimately result in the 

impairment of sperm function, such as sperm motility, functional membrane integrity and fertility, 

leakage of intracellular enzymes. Enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms in seminal plasma and 

spermatozoa include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 

which described as the defense functioning mechanism against the lipid peroxidation maintaining 

sperm motility and viability. Thus, this research focused on studies of change in sperm quality and 

biochemical composition during cryopreservation of seabass milt. 

Methods 

Peservation of seabass milt by cryopreservation. Analyses of biochemical composition such as 

lipid and fatty acid composition content, activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT) and 

the concentration of malondialdehyde which is a marker of lipid peroxidation in fresh and 

cryopreservation milt. 

Results 

The most abundant of saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid in seabass sperm was 

palmitic acid (C16:0) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n3) respectively. There was a 

significant increase in the palmitic acid (C16:0) proportion (P

S2-P85 

Development of Facial Cream Containing Pomegranate Peel Extract 

Loaded Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) 

Nukanya Tokton, a Anan Ounaroon b and Waree Tiyaboonchai a 

a 






Pomegranate is one of the ancient fruit that has been used in folk medicine. Pomegranate is rich in 

phenolic compounds especially ellagic acid. A strong antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of 

ellagic acid have been widely reported. However, ellagic acid is not stable when expose to light, heat, 

alkali and oxygen. The nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) are composed of physiological lipids. 

NLCs combine the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of other colloidal carriers such as: 

possibility of controlled drug release, increased drug stability and avoidance of organic solvent. Thus, 

in this study, we develop pomegranate peel extract (PPE) loaded NLCs to promote the pomegranate 

peel extract stability. 

Methods 

Antityrosinase activity and antioxidant activity of PPE were determined by Mushroom tyrosinase 

assay and TBARs assay, respectively. The PPE loaded NLCs were prepared by hot melt 

microemulsion technique. The formulation were prepared under different processing parameter 

include types of emulsifiers, types of oil and amount of solid lipid. Mean particle size, polydispersity 

index (PI) and zeta potential were measured by Zeta PALS analyzer. Morphology of PPE loaded 

NLCs were observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 

Results 

The PPE inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity and antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 

28.54 µg/ml and 44.36 µg/ml, respectively. The different types of emulsifier and type of oil did not 

significantly influence the mean particle size of PPE loaded NLCs. In contrast, when increasing solid 

lipid concentration from 10% to 30% (w/w) the mean particle size increases from 169 to 265 nm. 

However the results showed no difference in the PI and zeta potential values. The zeta potential of 

prepared formulation showed negatively charge of ~ -30 mV suggesting high stability of nanoparticle. 

Conclusion 

The PPE exhibited strong antityrosinase and antioxidant activity. Spherical PPE loaded NLCs 

with the mean particle size of ~ 200 nm, PI of ~ 0.2-0.3 and zeta potential value of ~ -30 mV can be 

successfully prepared by hot microemulsion technique. 

Keywords: pomegranate peel extract, ellagic acid, antityrosinase activity, antioxidant activity, 

nanostructure lipid carriers 


1. Tiyaboonchai, W.; Tungpradit, W.; Plianbangchang, P. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 337, 299-306. 

2. Shimogaki, H.; Tanaka, Y.; Masuda, M. Int. J. Cosmet Sci., 2000, 22, 291-303. 

Nukanya Tokton (ณุกัญญา ตกตน) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Microbiology, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: cosmetic, pharmaceutical technology

S2-P86 

Potential of Broussonetia papyrifera Leaf Extract as a Whitening Agent 

Suradwadee Thungmungmee, a 

Kornkanok Ingkaninan b and Tasana Pitaksuteepong a 



b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognocy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, 



Broussonetia papyrifera (Moraceae) known as paper mulberry or Por-sa is a small tree or shrub 

which grows naturally in Asian and Pacific countries such as Thailand, China, Laos, Korea, India and 

the southern USA. There are various parts of Por-sa that have been shown to have tyrosinase 

inhibitory activity, for example, leaves, twigs, barks and even wastewater from paper industry. 

Therefore, Por-sa is shown to have potential to use as a whitening agent. For increasing value of Porsa, 

this study was therefore aimed to investigate the antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of Por-sa 

leaves and to test the stability of the extract prepared. 

Methods 

Extraction of the leaves was performed by maceration technique using two various ratios of 

ethanol to water including 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 and 95:5. The extracts were given an extract 

code, for example PSEtOH20: PS stands for Por-sa, EtOH is ethanol and 20 is the amount of ethanol 

in extraction solvent. Antityrosinase and antioxidant activities were determined by mushroom 

tyrosinase and DPPH assay, respectively. Stability of Por-sa leaf extracts was determined at 4 C, 25 

C and 45 C for 8 weeks. 

Results 

Among the extract prepared, PSEtOH80 possessed the most potent inhibitor of tyrosinase activity 

and PSEtOH40 showed the highest antioxidant activity. For stability test, the IC 50 of antityrosinase 

activities of PSEtOH40 over 8 weeks storage at 4, 25 and 45 C increased continuously while 

PSEtOH80 rather stable. For antioxidant activity, IC50 was slightly increased. 

Conclusion 

PSEtOH80 and PSEtOH40 have potential for antityrosinase and antioxidant activities. Moreover 

stability of PSEtOH80 seems to be better than that of PSEtOH40. However, it cannot be concluded 

about stability of the extracts at this period. These results are needed to be confirmed from the 

reduction of peak area of HPLC chromatograms which are now under investigation. 

Keywords: Broussonetia papyrifera, antityrosinase, antioxidant 


1. Dweck, A. C. FRSC, 2002, 25-27. 

2. Ko, H. H.; Chang, W. L.; Lu, T. M. J. Nat. Prod., 2008, 71, 1930-1933. 

Suradwadee Thungmungmee (สุรัติวดี ทั่งมั่งมี) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P87 

Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts for Application in Cosmetics 

as Skin Anti-aging 

Swanya Yakaew, a Jarupa Viyoch b and Arum Jedsadayanmata c 


Pharmaceutical sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of 

Pharmaceutical sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

c Department of Pharmaceutical Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical 

sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


Nowadays the botanical extract plays an increasingly important role in cosmetics because several 

studies indicate the effectiveness of using such extracts on improvement of skin properties [1]. In the 

present study, the potential of plant extracts (BM, DR, EE, MB and RM) on anti-aging property was 

determined. 

Methods 

In vitro antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity to fibroblasts isolated from human skin were firstly 

investigated by DPPH [2] and XTT [3] assay, respectively. 

Results 

By DPPH assay, the BM, DR and RM extracts showed EC 50 less than L- ascorbic acid by 16, 3 

and 7 folds respectively, whereas the MB extract shown EC 50 higher than L- ascorbic acid by 2 folds. 

For cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblasts, the BM, MB and RM extracts (25-500 µg/ml) decreased 

cell viability when their concentrations were increased as comparison to non-treated cells (control). A 

significant decrease in cell viability was not observed in DR (25-125 µg/ml) and EE (25-200 µg/ml) 

extracts. 

Conclusion 

Results from the studies indicated the potential of the DR extract for application in cosmetic. 

Keywords: UV-B radiation, human fibroblasts, photo-aging 


1. Xu, Y.; Fisher, G. J. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2005, 1, 1-8. 

2. Jost, L. M.; Kirkwood, J. M.; Whiteside, T. L.; J. Immunol. Methods, 1992, 147, 153-165. 

3. Fujii, T.; Wakaizumi, M.; Ikami, T.; Saito, M. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 119, 53-57. 

Swanya Yakaew (สวรรยา ยาแกว) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Kampangphet, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetic Sciences, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: cosmetics.

S2-P88 

Development of Hydrogel Patch Containing Breadfruit’s Heartwood 

Extract for Application in Skin Lightening 

Jutatip Kwankaew, a Nantaka Khorana b and Jarupa Viyoch a 

a Department of Pharmaceutical technology and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 

Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 




Artocarpin, the major component of diethyl ether extract of heartwood of breadfruit (Artocarpus 

incisus, Family Moraceae), strongly inhibits tyrosinase activity. Additionally, the crude extract 

exhibits skin lightening effects on the UVB-induced hyperpigmented dorsal skin of brownish guinea 

pigs and decreases the melanin production of B16F1 melanocytes without cytotoxicity [1, 2]. These 

indicate the potential of acting as a skin-lightening agent for application in cosmetics. The aim of this 

study, therefore, was to develop the hydrogel patch containing microemulsion with A. incisus extract 

for application in skin-lightening cosmetic patch. 

Methods 

The extract was firstly formulated into o/w microemulsions before incorporated with aqueous 

solution of chitosan from various sources (crab shell, shrimp shell and squid pen) in ratio of 1:1 by 

weight to provide the homogeneous aqueous system. Casting technique was used to obtain the 

hydrogel patch containing A. incisus extract. The physical characteristics and physicochemical 

properties of hydrogel patches were determined. 

Results 

The results indicated that most of all prepared patches were yellowish, transparency and gloss. 

The ultimate tensile strength and percent elongation at break value of hydrogel patch from squid pen 

(2.32 N/mm 2 and 35.04 %) was highest when compared to hydrogel patch from shrimp and crab shell. 

All tested patches including squid patch and squid patch containing extract exhibited the skin 

adherence at volunteers forearm more than 60 minutes. 

Conclusion 

The variation in source of the chitosan used affected to the physicochemical properties of the 

prepared patch thereby influencing the mechanical property and bio-adhesion property. The hydrogel 

patch obtained from squid pen showed well compatibility with artocarpin microemulsion and showed 

highest tensile strength and percentage elongation at break values. 

Keywords: Artocarpus incisus, hydrogel patch, skin-lightening 


1. Kuniyoshi, S.; Ryuichiro, K.; Kokki, S. Planta Med., 2002, 68, 79-81. 

2. Viyoch, J.; Sudedmark, T.; Srema, W.; Suwongkrua, W. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2005, 27, 89-99. 

Jutatip Kwankaew (จุฑาทิพย ขวัญแกว) M.Sc. Student 


Naresuan University, Thailand, Agro-Industry, B.Sc. 2006 


S2-P89 

Whitening Activities of Bio-actives, Extracted from Stem of Mulberry 

(Morus alba L.) with Different Solvents 

Shindanai Yairaya and Tasana Pitaksuteepong 


Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Pitsanulok-Nakornsawan Rd, Pitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


White mulberry (Morus alba.) has been used as food for silk worm for long time ago. Its extracts 

have been reported to inhibit tyrosinase enzyme and exhibit antioxidant activity. Therefore, they are 

used as whitening agent in many whitening products. However, the previous study used only one 

solvent for extraction process. In 2007, there are researchers studied about the effect of different 

solvents on anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of mulberry leaf extracts. They found that the 

extract prepared using 60% ethanol and 60% methanol showed the highest activity on anti-tyrosinase 

and antioxidant activity. Hence, the aims of this research are to study anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant 

activities of mulberry crude extract prepared using different solvents and to determine content of 

oxyresveratrol and resveratrol in the extracts prepared. 

Methods 

Mulberry stems were dried, cut into small pieces, and macerated with either methanol or ethanol 

mixed with water at four different concentrations (40%, 60%, 80% and 95%) for 24 hours at room 

temperature, two times. The filtrates were evaporated to dryness. The extracts were subjected to 

determine of anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities using mushroom tyrosinase and DPPH assay, 

respectively. Then the content of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol in the extracts was investigated by 

High Performance Liquid Chromatography. 

Results 

The appearance of the crude extract prepared is sticky, viscous and brown color. The highest 

percentage yield of extract (8.81%) was obtained when using 60% ethanol as solvent. The highest 

activities on anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant were respectively provided by 95% and 40% ethanol with 

an IC50 value of 2.77 µg/ml and 7.31 µg/ml. The highest content of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol 

were found in the extract prepared using 80% methanol. The amount of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol 

was 19.7% and 0.18%, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The optimal solvent for extraction of mulberry stem extract is 80% methanol that gave quite high 

percentage yield of extract as well as anti-tyosinase and antioxidant activities. This was again 

confirmed by the highest content of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol found in the extract according to 

HPLC analysis. 

Keywords: white mulberry, Morus alba., anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant 


1. Kim, J. M.; Chang, S. M.; Kim, I. H.; Kim, Y. E.; Hwang, J. H.; Kim, K. S.; Kim, W. S. Biochem. Eng. J., 

2007, 37, 271–278. 

2. Lee, K. T.; Kim, B. J.; Kim, J. H.; Heo, M. Y.; Kim, H. P. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 1997, 19, 291–298. 

Shindanai Yairaya (ชินดนัย ใยระยา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Pitsanulok, Thailand 



S2-P90 

Skin Wound Healing Promoting Effect of Some Thai Medicinal Plant 

Extracts on ex-vivo Porcine Skin Wound Healing Model 

Ratchanee Kumlue a and Nuttawut Saelim b 

a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, 

Thailand. 


Some Thai medicinal plants have long been used as a traditional medicinal remedy to accelerate 

skin wound healing process. However, their functional property has not been scientifically defined. 

The main objective of this study was to elucidate wound healing efficacy of Thai medicinal plant 

extracts by using ex-vivo porcine skin wound healing model (PSWHM). 

Methods 

The PSWHMs were divided into eleven groups (n = 12 each group) and treated with 10 µl of one 

of the following extracts or control solutions, 0.5% w/v Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Eclipta 

prostrata, Phyllanthus emblica, Jatropha podagrica, Tremella fuciformis, Punica granatum, 

Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts, either 10 mM PBS or 0.5% ethanol (for Punica granatum and 

Rhinacanthus nasutus) as a negative control, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor as a positive 

control. After 48 hours incubation (37 C, 5% CO2), all wound models were collected, cryosectioned, 

H&E stained, and then evaluated. The distance of epidermal migration from the edges of 

each wound and in each group was carefully measured and statistically tested by ANOVA and t-test at 

p = 0.05 significant level. 

Results 

The wounds treated with Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Eclipta prostrata, Phyllanthus emblica and 

Jatropha podagrica extracts promoted mild effect of epidermal migration when compared to negative 

control group but the wounds treated with Tremella fuciformis extract showed statistically significant 

acceleration of epidermal migration at +41% (p = 0.02). On the other hand, the wounds treated with 

Punica granatum and Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts showed retardation of keratinocytes migration 

when compared to negative control group. As expected, the wound treated with positive control 

showed a strong promoting effect for epidermal migration when compared to negative control groups. 

Conclusion 

Our study clearly demonstrated that the ex-vivo porcine skin wound healing model (PSWHM) can 

be used as a screening tool for searching of wound healing enhancing agents. In this study 0.5% w/v 

Tremella fuciformis extract showed a significant wound healing promoting effect, and worth further 

in-depth investigation for their therapeutic uses. 

Keywords: wound healing, porcine, skin, ex-vivo, Tremella fuciformis 


1. Brandner, J. J. Prague, 2006, 6(2), 11-15. 

2. Odland, G.; Ross, R. J. Cell Bio., 1968, 39, 135-139. 

3. Gottrup, F.; Agren, M. S.; Karlsmark, T. Wound Repair Regen., 2000, 8(2), 83-96. 

Ratchanee Kumlue (รัชนี คําลือ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1980 in Phitsalulok, Thailand 


Research field: molecular, cell biology, immunology and innovation in bioactive 

natural products

S2-P91 

Development of Nanoemulsion Containing Asparagus racemosus 

Extract Complexation 

Tammanoon Rungsang and Jarupa Viyoch 


Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Pitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 


Asparagus racemosus is a medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical parts. The major 

active constituents of A. racemosus are steroidal saponins (Shatavarins I–IV) presented in the roots. 

These constituents show phytoestrogenic property [1]. Unfortunately, the extract has limitation of 

solubility in water leading to low active agent-loading capacity and low flux permeation through skin. 

Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the nanoemulsion containing A. racemosus extract 

complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for cosmetic application. 

Methods 

Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared according to a 2 3 factorial design based on variable of 

production process [2].The stability test of the prepared nanoemulsions under freeze-thaw condition 

(in cycles of 24 hours at 45 ± 2 o C and 24 hours at –5 ± 2 o C, 6 cycles) was performed . 

Results 

The nanoemulsion composed of 3% cetyl alcohol, 2% glyceryl monostearate, 1% ceteareth-6 

(and) stearyl alcohol, 1% Ceteareth-25, 3% dimethicone, 1% isopropyl myristate, 3% PEG-7 glyceryl 

cocoate, 0.5% Carbopol ® 934, 0.2% triethanolamine and 85.3% DI water provided the smallest 

droplet size (the mean droplet size, 318.91 ± 16.61 nm) when compared with other formulations. In 

addition, it showed a good stability after 6 cycles of freeze-thaw (the mean droplet size after stability 

test, 319.12 ± 6.38). 

Conclusion 

According to the designed condition, the prepared nanoemulsions provided small droplet size 

(less than 500 nm) and showed stability after stored at accelerated condition. 

Keywords: Asparagus racemosus, nanoemulsion, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 



2. Tadros, T.; Jordi, E.; Conxita, S. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 2004, 108-109, 303-318. 

Tammanoon Rungsang (ธรรมนูญ รุงสังข) M.Sc. Student 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetic Sciences, B.Sc. 2009 


S2-P92 

Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles Containing GABA 

Atthawith Pakdee-asa, a 

Kornkanok Ingkaninan b and Neti Waranuch a 


Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, 



The purpose of the current studies is to develop the method for preparing chitosan nanoparticles 

in orders to drug delivery system of GABA to dermis, because GABA is hydrophilic property. 

GABA. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), it is the important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the 

brain. In this study, GABA was use as anti-aging by muscle relaxant property and hyaluronic acid 

synthesize stimulation. 

Methods 

The chitosan particles were prepared by water in silicone emulsion technique according to our 

previous report. In the current study, two preparation parameters, homogenizer speed and crosslinking 

agent concentration, were varied. The homogenizer speed was 1000, 2000, 3000 and 6000 

rpm. The cross-linking agent ( tripolyphosphate : TPP ) concentration was 0.5%, 1% and 2% ( w/v ). 

Diameters and morphology of the obtained particles were observed by ZetaPALS ® and scanning 

electron microscope respectively. 

Results 

Nanoparticles of diameters less than 600 nm were obtained. 

The size of particles depended on homogenizer speed. The size 

decreased with increasing speed. Particle was unable to be 

obtained with 0.5% TPP. The particles were generated with 1% 

and 2% TPP. There is no different in size of particles obtained 

from both TPP concentrations. The morphology of chitosan 

nanoparticles was spherical with smooth surface. 

Figure 1. SEM image 

Conclusion 

Chitosan nanoparticles were successfully developed by water in silicone emulsion technique. 

Keywords: GABA, chitosan nanoparticles 


1. Wudtichai, W. Naresuan University, 2007, 28-30. 

2. Boonsongrit, Y.; Mitrevej, A.; Mueller, B. W. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2006, 62, 267-274. 

3. Ito, K.; Tanaka, K.; Nishibe, Y.; Hasegawa, J.; Ueno, H. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2007, 1770, 291-296. 

Atthawith Pakdee-asa (อรรถวิช ภักดีอาษา) M.Sc. Student 


Nareesuan University, Thailand, Cosmetic Science, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: cosmetic, pharmaceutical technology

S2-P93 

Preparation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing 

Asparagus racemosus Extract 

Jirasit Inthorn, a Kornkanok Ingkaninan b and Neti Waranuch a 






Beneficial phytoestrogenic effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) were in the Indian and British 

pharmacopoeias. This plant is potentially used for cosmetic products. The solid lipid nanoparticles 

(SLN) were used as active compounds carriers in pharmaceutics and cosmetics to improve chemical 

stability and enhance absorption. The purpose of this study is to develop A. racemosus extract loaded 

solid lipid nanoparticles (AR-loaded SLN) as a cosmetic active ingredient. 

Methods 

AR-loaded SLN was prepared by a high shear homogenization technique. AR extract was 

dissolved in a mixture of 0.5 ml distilled water and 2.5 ml isopropanol. Then, the solution was added 

to the melted wax (Compritol 888 ATO) at 80°C. Separately, the aqueous mixture of 25.0 ml distilled 

water, Tween 80 and Poloxamer 188 were heated to 80°C. The melted wax was added to the mixture 

under homogenizing to form an emulsion. Then, the emulsion was solidified by adding to distilled 

water under stirring at 500 rpm, and AR-loaded SLN dispersions were obtained. The sizes of particles 

from various preparation conditions were determined. These parameters were stirring rate, amounts of 

wax, Tween 80, Poloxamer 188, stirring time and AR extract loaded amount. The morphology of ARloaded 

SLN was observed using electron scanning microscope (SEM). 

Results 

The optimum compositios for AR-loaded SLN production 

were Compritol 888 ATO, Tween 80, Poloxamer 188 and AR 

extract at 3.125, 0.625, 0.5 and 0.15 G respectively. The optimum 

homogenizing speed was 2000 rpm for 1.5 minutes. The water 

diluted volume was 1:1 at 25°C with stirring at 500 rpm. The 

particle shape was spherical with smooth surface and a nano 

range. 

Figure 1. SEM image 

Conclusion 

AR-loaded SLN development and optimization was successfully by high shear homogenization 

technique. It showed spherical shape with a size of nano range. 

Keywords: Asparagus racemosus, solid lipid nanoparticles 



2. Manert, W.; Mader, K. J. Drug deliv., 2001, 47, 165-196. 

Jirasit Inthorn (จิรศิต อินทร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983 in Nakhonsawan, Thailand 

Nareesuan University, Thailand, Biological Science, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: cosmetic, cosmeceuticals, pharmaceutical technology

S2-P94 

Chitosan-dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles for Lutein Delivery: 

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization 

Wanachat Chaiyasan and Waree Tiyaboonchai 




The nanoparticle preparation method are mostly involve with heat, organic solvent and high shear 

force which post threat to the stability of entrapped drug. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the 

preparation of nanoparticle in mild condition. Lutein was used as a model drug to explore the 

possibility of using this system as a drug delivery carrier. 

Methods 

Chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CDN) were prepared from chitosan and dextran sulfate by 

polyelectrolyte complexation technique. Lutein-loaded CDN were prepared by dissolved lutein in 

chitosan solution before mixing with dextran sulfate solution. The particle size and surface charge of 

nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering and a zeta potential analyzer, respectively. 

The processing parameters including mass ratio of CS/DS, the amount of stabilizing agent and 

temperature were varied to study their effect on size, polydispersity index (PI), and zeta potential (ZP) 

of particles. The morphology was investigated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). 

Results 

The particle size and surface charge could be controlled by varying the mass ratio of polymers. 

The polymer charge ratio could be varied by varying the CS/DS mass ratio. In the contrary, 

stabilizing agent and temperature showed no effect on the mean particle size. At optimal conditions, 

CDN obtained possessed a mean particle size of 200-500 nm with a PI of 0.2. The ZP of CDN 

surface was ~40 mV. The association efficiency of lutein up to 73.35% was achieved. The SEM 

micrographs illustrated the spherical-shape with a textured surface. 

Conclusion 

In this study, the CDN was successfully developed. Major advantage of this CDN is a very 

simple preparation process under mild condition without involving high temperatures, organic solvent 

and high shear force. Thus, the CDN might be a potential choice in drug delivery carrier. However, 

this is only preliminary study hence still there are many questions arising from this study remain to be 

answered in the future. 

Keywords: chitosan, dextran sulfate, nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte complexation technique. 


1. Tiyaboonchai, W.; Limpeanchob, N. Int. J. Pharm., 2007, 329(1-2), 142-149. 

Wanachat Chaiyasan (วรรณฉัตร ใจยะสัน) Ph.D. Student 


Maejo University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 2005 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Microbiology, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: topical drugs delivery to the eye, polymeric nanoparticle

S2-P95 

The Relation between UV Absorption and Color of Sericin Extracts 

from Polyvoltine (Nang-Noi), Bivoltine (SW1), Eri (Philosamia 

Cynthhia ricini) and Fagara (Attacus atlas Linn.) Silk Cocoons 

Supatsorn Chuelee, a,b 

Reon Somana c and Vallaya Sutthikhum a,b 



b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry:PERCH-CIC 

c Director of palaeontological Research and Education centre, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, 

Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 


Sericin is the protein constituents about, 20-30% of silk cocoon. Sericin is hot water soluble 

protein with the UV absorption, moisture retention and other biological activities such as antioxidant 

and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the relation between UV absorption and the color of sericin 

extracts from polyvoltine yellow cocoon (Nang Noi), bivoltine white cocoon (SW1), eri cocoon 

(Philosamia Cynthhia ricini) and fagara cocoon (Attacus atlas Linn.) were investigated. 

Methods 

Sericin was extracted in boiled distilled water. All crude sericin extracts were precipitated by 

50%, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . The supernatant and precipitated protein were analyzed for protein concentration by 

Bradfrod assay and for antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. 

Results 

The sericin extract from all race of cocoon could absorp UV in the wavelength ranged from 200- 

400 nm. The crude sericin as well as the precipitated protein from Fagara give the highest UV 

absorption wherea sericin from eri, polyvoltine, and bivoltin silk show the similar absorption. For 

antioxidant activity, the crude extracte of fagara shows the highest antioxidant activity, (IC 50 = 14.92 

µg/ml) followed by polyvoltine (IC 50 = 135.50 µg/ml) and bivoltine (IC 50 = 199.90 µg/ml), 

respectively. 

Conclusion 

The results suggest that sericin possesses the UV Absorptio as well as the antioxidant activity. 

This data also indicate that the uv absorption and antioxidant not relate to the pigment in silk protein. 

Keywords: sericin, UV absorption, antioxidant activity 


1. Subhas, C. K.; Biraja, C. D.; Rupesh, D.; David, L. K. Progress in Polymer Sci., 2008, 33, 998-1012. 

2. Siqin, Z.; Noriyuki, Y.; Masahiro, S.; Hiromitsu, W.; Norihisa, K. Photochem. Photobio., 2003, 71, 11-17. 

Supatsorn Chuelee (ชื่อไทย) M.Sc. Student 


Mahasarakham University, Thailand, Biology, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: biochemistry

S2-P96 

Development of Sericin Nanoparticles Using Water in Silicone 

Emulsion Technique 

Thapana Orachun and Neti Waranuch 




Water in silicone emulsion for chitosan particles preparation was developed in our group. We are 

now further investigating if other biodegradable materials can be used with the similar technique. 

Sericin, a high molecular weight water-soluble glycoprotein isolated from silk, was used in this study. 

Methods 

The sericin nanoparticles were prepared using water in silicone emulsion technique. Sericin 

solution (2%w/v) was emulsified in to silicone oil (DC 345) containing 5% silicone emulsifier 

(DC5225C) while stirring at 6500 rpm for 60 min. Thereafter, the ionic gelation of sericin 

nanoparticles was achieved by adding 2% CaCl 2 solution with equal volume of sericin solution. After 

12 hrs, the sericin nanoparticles were isolated by filtration. Some parameters that influenced the 

particles forming were studied such as CaCl 2 concentration (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%), sericin 

concentration (0.5%, 1% and 2%), homogenizing time (15, 30 and 60 min), speeds of homogenizer 

(6500, 9500 and 13500 rpm). Morphology of particles was determined using electron scanning 

microscope (SEM). 

Results 

The preparation conditions for obtaining smallest particles 

were 2% sericin, 2% CaCl 2 , 15 min homogenizing time 9500 

rpm homogenizing time. The spherical shapes of nanoparticles 

were obtained. 

Conclusion 

The sericin nanoparticles were successfully developed by 

water in silicone emulsion technique. 

Keywords: sericin, nanoparticles 


1. Charu, V.; David, L. K., Prog. Polym. Sci., 2007, 32, 991-1007. 

2. Mandal, B. B.; Kundu, S. C., Nanotechnology, 2009, 20, 1-14. 

Thapana Orachun (ฐาปนา อรชุน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Prachuapkhirikhan, Thailand 


Research field: cosmetic, pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical technology

S2-P97 

Thiourea-base Charge Neutral Host Molecule with Methanol 

Rattha Noorat, Wachiraphon Arlai, Samran Prabpai and Palangpon Kongsaeree 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and 

Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Thiourea and it derivatives are of research interest and widely used in industrial and 

pharmaceutical industries. They can form the hydrogen bonds with specific substrate and can use as 

ligands to coordinate with metal ions. Furthermore thiourea can act as a receptor for a detection of 

several anions. These characters lead us to design thiourea molecules with suitable substituted groups. 

In this studies we designed, synthesized and investigated a thiourea derivative by using NMR, MS, 

FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopic and X- ray crystallography to show the hydrogen bonding of the 

compound. 

Methods 

1,1'-(Propane-1,3-diyl)bis(3-phenylthiourea) (1) was synthesized from diamino-propane and 

phenylthiocyanate in 99% yield, recrystalized in methanol, and analyze by using X-ray 

crystallography . 

H 

N 

H O 

CH 3 

H 

N 

S 

S 

Results 

The X-ray crystal structure showed that the phenyl rings of bisthiourea 1 lied in the anti position 

related to C=S bond and they had the intermolecular interactions via hydrogen bond between N—H . . . 

S. The methanol molecules inserted in the vacancy of two molecules by hydrogen bond with the 

N—H . . . O interaction with the amide group. 

Conclusion 

We have synthesized and identified the structure of bisthiourea 1 and its methanol solvate by 

using the X-ray crystallography technique. The result encourages us to develop thiourea derivatives as 

chemosensor for anion detection. 

Keywords: thiourea derivative; change neutral host; anion detection; X-ray crystallography 


1. Lipowska, M.; Hayes, B. L.; Hansen, L.; Taylor, Jr. A.; Marzilli. L. G. Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, 4227‒4231. 

2. Okuniewski, A.; Chojnacki, J.; Becker. B. Acta Cryst., 2011, E67, o55. 

Rattha Noorat (รัฏฐา หนูราช) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009-present 

Research field: organic chemistry, chemical biology 

H 

N 

N 

H

S2-P98 

The Deacylation of Aminoacyl-tRNAs: Mechanistic Study Using 

Linear Free Energy Relationship 

Nichapa Chanawungmuang a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b 

a Department of Chemistry,Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 

b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, 

Thailand. 


In general, aminoacyl-tRNAs usually undergo deacylation process releasing free tRNAs and 

amino acids. The half -life of this process is approximately 30 minutes at pH. = 8 and 37 °C. 

However, the deacylation process is significantly slower if the alpha-amino group of amino acid is 

acylated. It has been speculated that the unusual stability toward hydrolysis of acylated amino acids is 

a result of an intramolecular hydrogen bond within the molecule. Here we report an effort toward a 

synthesis of free and acylated aminoacid attached to adenosine. These molecules are then subjected to 

a deacylation assay monitored by LC/MS. The data from this work, as well as a linear free energy 

study for kinetic parameters will be presented. 

Methods 

This research project started with the synthesis of aminoacyl-adenosine analogs. (Alanine was 

chose for this purpose.) The derivatives of aminoacyl-tRNA were then used in the study of 

deacylation process by HPLC. 

Results 

Derivatives of aminoacyl-adenosine were synthesized from Adenosine and derivative of L-Ala. 

First step, adenosine was protected with TBSCl. The 5’-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyladenosine was 

obtained in 89% yield. Next step, the previous molecule was coupled with derivatives of L-Ala using 

DCC/DMAP to give 2’or 3’-L-alanyl-adenosine in a low yield of 12% yield. This step has been 

proven to be problematic. The optimization for this synthesis is in progress 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of derivative of aminoacyl-adenosine was shown to be problematic, presumably 

due to low yield. The future work will be optimized yield and efficient strategy derived to target 

molecule. 

Keywords: aminoacyl-tRNA, adenosine, deacylation 


1. Breton, F.; Delepee, R.; Jegourel, D.; Deville-Bonne, D.; Agrofoglio, L. A. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 616, 

222–229. 

2. Shen. W.; Kim, J. S.; Mitchell, S.; Kish, P.; Kijek, P.; Hilfinger,J. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic 

Acids, 2009, 28, 43–55. 

Nichapa Chanawungmuang (ณิชาภา ชนะวังเมือง) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P99 

Development of Cell-based Model for NFAT Nuclear-cytoplasm 

Translocation for Bioactive Immuno-modulator Screening 

Nikhom Naksupan and Nuttawut Saelim 

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 

Naresuna University, Phitsalulok 65000, Thailand. 


Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) together with calcium ion play an important role in 

immune reactions. The NFAT family encodes four distinct classes of proteins including 

NFAT1 (NFATp), NFAT2 (NFATc), NFAT3 and NFAT4 (NFATx). The objective of this 

study is to develop and validate the standard procedure for investigation NFAT4 and NFAT3 nuclearcytoplasm 

translocation for bioactive immuno-modulator screening. 

Methods 

GFP-NFAT4 (N) and GFP-NFAT3 (N) genes were isolated from the library, GFP-fusion 

recombined, pcDNA 3.1 vector-ligated and propagated in DH5 E.coli. Baby Hamster Kidney (BHK) 

cells were cultured in modified Eagle’s medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum and supplemented 

with 100U/ml penicillin and 100µg/ml streptomycin. The vectors containing GFP as a negative 

control, GFP-NFAT3(N) as a dominant negative control, and GFP-NFAT4(N) were transfected into 

BHK cells using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). The transfected BHK cells were cultured for 24 

h allowing protein expression. The GFP and NFAT fusion proteins nuclear-cytoplasm translocation 

patterns were studied by adding 1µM of calcium ionophore (A23187). The fluorescence images from 

GFP were captured and analyzed with an inverted fluorescent microscope (Carl Zeiss). 

Results 

The fluorescent signal from the GFP transfected cells is diffused throughout the cells both with 

and without cytosolic calcium induction by A23187, whereas the GFP-NFAT4(N) transfected cells 

significantly showed the translocation of the signal from cytoplasm to nucleus. As a dominant 

negative, the fluorescent signal from the GFP-NFAT3(N) transfected cells remained predominantly in 

the cytosol even after A23187 stimulation. 

Conclusion 

By induction of intracellular calcium concentrations in BHK cells transfected with either NFAT4 

(N) or NFAT3 (N), demonstrated a specific patterns of cytoplasm-nuclear NFATs-protein 

translocation. Potentially, the findings from this study can be applied for the development of a 

standard cell-based method for screening of bioactive immuno-modulators signaling through NFATs 

pathway. 

Keywords: NFAT, transcriptional factors, GFP, BHK 


1. Feske, S.; Okamura, H.; Hogan, P. G.; Rao, A. BBRC, 2003, 66, 1117-1132. 

2. Roehrl, M. H. A.; Kang, S.; Aramburu, J.; Wagner, G.; Rao, A.; Hogan, P. G. PNAS, 2004, 101, 7554-7559. 

Nikhom Naksupan (นิคม นาคสุพรรณ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1980 in Phitsalulok, Thailand 

Nareasun University, Thailand, Microbilogy, B.Sc. 2003 

Nareasun University, Thailand, Microbilogy (Virology), M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: molecular, cell biology, immunology and wound healing

S2-P100 

Mapping Molecular Evolution of the Non-discriminating 

Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase (ND-AspRS) from Helicobacter pylori 

Wirot Likittrakulwong a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b,c 

a Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Thailand. 

c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand . 


Aminoacyl-tRNAs, the major component for protein biosynthesis, are synthesized by aminoacyltRNA 

synthetases (AARSs). In organisms such as archaea and some bacteria, the standard rule of 20 

AARSs for 20 amino acids and tRNAs is not applicable due to the lack of one or more gene(s) 

encoding for AARSs. The human pathogenic bacterium, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori or Hp.), lacks 

both genes encoding AsnRS and GlnRS. The Hp. genome contains genes encoding GluRS1, an 

enzyme that generates Glu-tRNA Glu (cognate), GluRS2, an enzyme that generates Glu-tRNA Gln 

(mischarge), and the non-discriminating AspRS (ND-AspRS) that generates both Asp-tRNA Asp and 

mischarged Asp-tRNA Asn . Misacylated Asp-tRNA Asn is converted to correctly charged Asn-tRNA Asn 

by the glutamine-dependent Asp-tRNA Asn /Glu-tRNA Gln amidotransferase (Asp/Glu-Adt). In this 

study, the relaxed specificity of the ND-AspRS from H. pylori is explored using site-directed 

mutagenesis, heterologous toxicity evaluation, and construction of chimeric enzymes. We have 

constructed anticodon binding domain mutant of Hp. ND-AspRS and chimeric enzymes with different 

anticodon binding domain. Moreover, heterologous toxicity when expressed in E. coli host cells was 

also evaluated. 

Results 

The N-terminal domains of aspS and asnS genes from E. coli were swapped with the original N- 

terminal anticodon binding domain of ND-AspRS from Hp.. These chimeric enzymes exhibited an 

intriguing specificity toward tRNA Asp and tRNA Asn . The chimera with asps gene from E. coli 

appeared to charge only tRNA Asp although with a very low activity. The chimera with asnS gene from 

E. coli seemed to be inactive. Moreover, mutants of H.pylori (H30L, L86R and H30L/L86M) were 

constructed and their specificity toward tRNAs is under investigation. 

Conclusion 

The aspS and asnS genes from E. coli were amplified using specifically designed primers. These 

genes were swapped with the N-terminal anticodon binding domain of Hp ND-AspRS. The resulting 

chimeras were characterized for their tRNA Asp and tRNA Asn specificity. To our surprise, swapping 

anticodon binding domain alone could completely switch ND-AspRS to a discriminating AspRS, 

although with a low activity level. The H30L, L96R, and H30L/L86R mutants of Hp ND AspRS were 

also constructed. Their specificity toward tRNA Asp and tRNA Asn are being investigated 

Keywords: non-discriminating Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, ND-AspRS, misacylation, chimera 


1. Cathopoulis, T.; Chuawong, P.; Hendrickson, T. L. Biochemistry, 2007, 3, 408–418. 

Wirot Likittrakulwong (วิโรจน ลิขิตตระกูลวงศ) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Agriculture, B.Sc. 2005 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Agriculture of Biotechnology, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: biotechnology and genetic engineering

S2-P101 

Conformation Analysis of 8-Hydroxy Germacrene B Using 

Variable-temperature NMR Spectroscopy 

Jukkarin Srivilai, a Nantaka Khorana b and Kornkanok Ingkaninan a 

a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemsitry, 

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 




In solution, most simple (E,E)-germacrene sesquiterpenes or compounds with cyclodecadiene 

system behave as several interconvertible conformational isomers in equilibrium which usually result 

in broad NMR signals or multiplet sets of NMR signals. In the present work, structure elucidation and 

conformation assignment have been made for 8-hydroxy germacrene B using variable- temperature 

NMR spectroscopy. 

Methods 

Germacrone isolated from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. hexane extract was reduced by NaBH 4 

under low temperature (4 o C) to provide 8-hydroxy germacrene B. Its structure was elucidated by MS 

and NMR performed in various temperatures. 

Results 

Reduction using NaBH 4 gave a racemic of 

8-hydroxygermacrene B (85%). The 

1 H NMR 

(CDCl 3 ) showed broadened signals at 25 o C whereas 

the analyses at lower temperature could improve the 

resolution. 1 H NMR 400 MHz spectra in CDCl 3 

showed that flexible cyclodecadiene ring existed as 

four NMR distinguishable conformational isomers in 

a ratio of 4.8:4.0:0.8:0.4 at -50 o C. The conformers 

were assigned by 1 H NMR and NOESY experiments 

as follows: UD (48%), UU (40%) 

1 

15 

CH14 

3 CH 3 

CH 3 H 8 

OH 

OH 

13 

8 

CH 

4 

5 

3 

CH 3 CH 3 

CH 3 

H 3 C 

UU(crossed) 12 

UD(parallel) 

CH 3 

CH 3 OH 

OH 

CH 3 CH 3 CH 

DD(crossed) 3 CH 3 

CH 3 CH CH 3 3 CH 3 

DU(parallel) 

Figure1. 4 conformers of 8-hydroxy germacrene B 

Conclusion 

Four conformers of 8-hydroxy germacrene B were unambiguously characterized by using 1 H 

NMR and NOESY experiments at various temperatures. 

Keywords: conformation analysis, 8-hydroxy germacrene B, NMR 


1. Adio, M. A. Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, 1533-1552. 

2. Farados, A. W.; Wu, S. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 7733-7742. 

Jukkarin Srivilai (จักรินทร ศรีวิไล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 Saraburi, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Cosmetics Science, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmacognosy

S2-P102 

An Effort toward Structural Study and Domain Communication 

in the Non-discriminating Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase (ND-AspRS) 

from the Human Pathogen Helicobacter pylori 

Pitchayada Fuengfuloy a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Thailand. 


Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) catalyze aminoacylation of their cognate tRNAs through a 

two-step mechanism involving an activation of cognate amino acid with the expense of ATP followed 

by a transfer of the activated amino acid onto the 3’ hydroxyl group of tRNA molecule. Accordingly, 

the catalytic specificity and efficiency of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are key features of the 

translation process. In some organisms, the standard rule of 20 AARSs for 20 amino acids and tRNAs 

is not applicable due to the lack of one or more gene(s) encoding for AARSs. Many bacteria are 

missing genes for glutaminyl- and/or asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS and AsnRS, respectively), 

the enzymes that directly generate Gln-tRNA Gln and Asn-tRNA Asn . In this study, a peculiar specificity 

of the Non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-AspRS) from the human pathogen 

Helicobacter pylori is investigated. The techniques employed include domain communication study 

using CD spectroscopy and heterologous toxicity profile evaluation, and pull down assays. An effort 

toward structural study using protein NMR spectroscopy will also be presented. 

Results 

The gene encoding N-terminal anticodon binding domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain of 

ND-AspRS from Helicobacter pylori were cloned separately into compatible vectors pCDF-1b and 

pET-28b. These two constructs were successfully expressed and purified using Ni-NTA affinity 

column chromatography. The biochemical studies for these gene products are in progress. 

Conclusion 

Domain separation for the ND-AspRS from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori was 

successfully executed. These two proteins will be used in a series of biochemical studies in order to 

shed some light on domain communications within this intriguing enzyme. 

Keywords: aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, AspRS, domain communication, CD spectroscopy 



2. Guzzo, C. M.; Yang, D. C. Protein Express. Pur., 2007, 54, 166–175. 

Pitchayada Fuengfuloy (พิชญดา เฟองฟูลอย) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P103 

Efficacy Immobilization of Peptide Nucleic Acid on Functionalized 

Magnetite Nanoparticles for DNA Sequencing 

Kritsada Tankanya, Yingruk Pray-in, Chaiyot Mukthung, Metha Rattanakornpitak, 

Boonjira Rattanakornpitak and Uthai Wichai 

Department of Chemistry, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 



Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA), a DNA analog, consists of an aminoethylglycine unit and the 

backbone connected with a purine or pyrimidine nucleobased. PNA can hybridize with DNA 

according to Watson-Crick base pairing rule with high affinity and sequence specificity. Additionally, 

PNA has strong resistance in enzyme nuclease and protease. PNA has become an interesting tool for 

biomolecular probe applications. Particularly, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) probe is widely 

investigated on its property for DNA sequence analysis. In the present study, immobilization of PNA 

on the magnetite nanoparticles for DNA sequence analysis was initially investigated. This study will 

focus on replacement of solid support from large size to nanosize resulting high surface area and 

hopefully improvement of sensitivity of detection method. 

Methods 

First, 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDM) ring was attached onto MNPs surface. Then, 

immobilization of PNA was carried out via ring-opening reaction of VDM. It was then centrifuged to 

remove aggregate, followed by magnetic separation to give desired product and this process was then 

verified by using FT-IR spectroscopy and Potentiometric Titration. 

Results, Discussion and Conclusion 

The immobilization of PNA on the surface of MNPs via ring-opening of azlactone compounds 

coating on MNPs by amide bonds under N 2 atmosphere can be prepared and was confirmed by 

disappearing of peak at 1816 cm -1 because azlactone compound is very reactive toward nucleophile. 

Then, PNA was successfully attached to surface of MNPs and concentration of PNA on MNPs range 

9.85 x 10 -4 to 1.22 x 10 -3 mol/g with increasing functionalization time. 

Keywords: peptide nucleic acid, magnetite nanoparticles, 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone, 

potentiometric titration 


1. Nielsen, P. E.; Egholm, M.; Berg, R. H.; Buchardt, O. Science, 1991, 254, 1497-1500. 

2. Laconte, L.; Nitin, N.; Bao, G. Materials Today, 2005, 8, 32-38. 

3. Rosi, N. L.; Mirkin, C. A. Chem. Rev., 2005, 105, 1547-1562. 

4. Singh, J. S. J. Mol. Struc., 2008, 876, 127-133. 

5. Kim, B.; Sigmund, W. M. Langmuir, 2004, 20, 8239-8242. 

Kritsada Tankanya (กฤษฎา ตันกันยา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: nanochemistry

S2-P104 

A Coumarin-based Ratiometric and Selective Fluorescent Probe 

for Magnesium Ions 

Kanokorn Wechakorn and Palangpon Kongsaeree 

Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein Structure 

and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Mg 2+ ion is one of the most abundant divalent metal ions in cells. Intracellular Mg 2+ plays important 

roles, such as an enzyme cofactor in phosphate-transfer reactions and DNA synthesis, a DNA 

conformation stabilizer, and a signal transduction modulator. Therefore, selective and sensitive 

chemosensors for Mg 2+ ions are of great scientific interest. Most Mg 2+ ion chemosensors are often 

interfered by Ca 2+ ions while these two divalent ions are often found at high concentration in cells. Herein, 

we report a fluorescent chemosensor based on bis-triazoyl groups appended on 7-amino-3-methylcoumarin 

as a selective fluorescent sensor for Mg 2+ ions but not Ca 2+ ions. 

Methods 

The sensor 1 was synthesized by the Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition of benzyl azide with 

7-(di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)amino)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one prepared from the 7-amino-3-methylcoumarin 

and propargyl bromide in 12.5% yield. Spectral changes of the chemosensor in the presence of various 

metal ions were investigated by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. 

Results 

In the preliminary study with various metal ions, only Mg 2+ was found to enhance the fluorescence 

intensity but not the absorption spectrum. In 3 µM solution of the probe 1 in DMSO, upon addition of 4.5 

mM solution of Mg 2+ ions, the fluorescence emission band at 427 nm enhanced as much as 5.3-fold when 

compared with the free chemosensor. The ratiometric enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of 1 by 

Mg 2+ was not interfered by transition and alkaline earth metals including Ca 2+ . Therefore, the sensor 1 

could be used as a Mg 2+ fluorescent chemosensor with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 5.41 µM while the 

typical concentration of the free cytoplasmic Mg 2+ in cells is on the order of 1 mM. 

Conclusion 

The bis-triazoyl coumarin (1) was a novel Mg 2+ -selective fluorescent chemosensor. The sensor 

possesses a high selectivity towards Mg 2+ ions but not Ca 2+ ions in DMSO. A linear relationship between 

the probe 1 and Mg 2+ ions revealed that it could be used for a quantitative determination of the Mg 2+ 

concentration. 

Keywords: magnesium ion, coumarin, fluorescent sensor, click chemistry 


1. Singh, N.; Kaur, N. R.; Mulrooney, C. Tetrahedron Lett., 2008, 49, 6690-6692. 

2. Ray, D.; Bharadwaj, P. K. Inorg. Chem., 2008, 2252-2254. 

Kanokorn Wechakorn (กนกอร เวชกรณ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Chainat, Thailand 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. (1 st class honors), 2008 

Research field: nano-chemistry and fluorescence sensors

S2-P105 

Design of Novel Compounds as Potential DPP-4 Inhibitors 

Chaiyun Taomali, a A. Keawnoi, a S. Jankan a and O. Vajragupta b 

a Program of Chemistry, and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 

Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Isaraphab15, Bangkok 10600, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 



In searching for antidiabetic drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) was selected as a drug target 

in the design of new potent DPP-4 inhibitors in this study. Novel DPP-4 inhibitors were developed 

based on the information of medicinal herbs and structure based drug design. This research evaluated 

the design and synthesis for DPP-4 inhibitory compounds. 

Methods 

The DPP-4 template was prepared from DPP-4 crystal structure derived from human DPP-4 

(PDB: 1X70) and validated (RMSD 0.56 Å). The validated DPP-4 template was used as a target 

macromolecule. The combinatory library of 455 structures containing two main fragments (P1 and 

P2) linked with imine or amide function was prepared. The P1 fragments are cysteine, L (-)- 

tryptophan or chromone while the P2 fragments are the varied side chains. Molecular docking of the 

structures in the library against DPP-4 template was conducted by AutoDock program suit version 

4.1. The docking results were analyzed for the binding modes in comparison with sitagliptin, the DPP 

IV inhibitor. The free energy of bindings were ranked to identify the hit structures. The 40 top ranking 

hit structures of good binding were selected and synthesized for further DPP-4 inhibitory activity 

assay. 

Results 

Forty hit structures were identified from molecular docking of DPP IV against the 455 

compounds in the combinatorial library of chromone and tryptophan derivatives. The docked poses of 

these hit structures locate in enzyme catalytic site, the free energy of binding are in the range of -7 to - 

12 kcal/mol. Forty top ranking compounds which are 6 imines and 34 amides were synthesized for 

further DPP-4 inhibitory activity assay. 

Conclusion 

In summary, two series of imine and amide derivatives were designed. The structures of 40 hit 

compounds that have good docking results were synthesized for further DPP-4 inhibitory activity 

assay. 

Keywords: dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), Type 2 diabetes, cysteine 


1. Sicree, R.; Shaw, J. Diabetes Metabolic. Syndrome: Clin. Res. Rev., 2007, 1, 75-81. 

2. Branner, S.; Wiberg, F. C. Nat. Struct. Mol. Bio., 2003, 10(1), 19-25. 

Chaiyun Taomali (ไชยยันต ทาวมะลิ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Sakonnakhon, Thailand 

Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: chemical synthesis

S2-P106 

Molecular Design of Anticancer Drug Derivatives of Microtubule 

Inhibitors by Molecular Docking and ADMET Methods 

Pirada Sudprasert and Suchaya Pongsai 

Computational Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


In this work, the candidates of new potent anticancer drugs of microtubule-inhibiting agents have 

been predicted by investigating the receptor-ligand interactions and ADMET properties, using the 

molecular docking method cooperating with ADMET study. 

Methods 

The receptor (α,β-tubulin) and ligand (drug) models have been specifically prepared. The 396 

ligand analogues of DAMA-colchicine, arylthioindoles, and methylchalcone were created, whereas 

the experimental structures of both α,β-tubulin and DAMA-colchicine are based on the PDB code 

1SA0. In the molecular docking simulations, the interaction energies of α,β-tubulin with each ligand 

analogue have been calculated by using CDOCKER algorithm with CHARMm forcefield, in DS2.5 

program. The ADMET Descriptors has been applied to evaluate the activity and toxicity of drugs. 

Results 

The results have been presented in terms of the interaction energies and mechanisms, the number 

of H-bonding, the overlay similarity, and the ADMET properties. In Figure 1, for instance, the 

interaction between α,β-tubulin and new potent drug (docked ligand 38d) is represented. 

Interaction energy = –58.04 kcal/mol 

4 H-bonding: C=O HN:Val181 

SH O=C:Thr179 

NH SH:Cys241 

NH O=C:Val238 

Overlay similarity = 72 % 

Figure 1. Illustration of docked ligand 38d in binding site of α,β-tubulin with the hydrogen bonding (left), and overlay 

similarity of 38d with respect to the X-ray structure of DAMA-colchicine (right). 

Conclusion 

In the present work, the six candidates of new potent anticancer drugs of microtubule inhibitors 

providing strong interaction (to α,β-tubulin), low toxicity and high activity have been predicted. 

Keywords: molecular docking, ADMET, DAMA-colchicine, arylthioindoles, methylchalcone 


1. Liao, S.-y., Miao, T.-f., Chena, J.-c., Lua, H.-l., and Zheng, K.-c., Chin. J. Chem. Phys., 2009, 22(5), 473-480. 

2. Nguyen, T.L., McGrath, C., Hermone, A.R., Burnett, J.C., Zaharevitz, D.W., Day, B.W., Wipf, P., Hamel, 

E., and Gussio, R., J. Med. Chem., 2005, 50, 6107-6116. 

Pirada Sudprasert (พิรดา สุดประเสริฐ) M.Sc. Student 


Research field: computational chemistry in molecular drug design

S2-P107 

Suwimon Suebka a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b 

Synthesis of an Acid Labile Reagent for 

the Purification of Specific tRNAs 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Biomoleculs are crucial building blocks for any living organism on this planet. The purification of 

biomoleculs such as tRNAs is crucial for an investigation of their chemical properties and structural 

diversities. Consequencly, it is necessary to develop an efficient purification technique as well as to 

look for novel bioconjugation systems. .The study of Aminoacyl-tRNAs (Aminoacyl-Transfer RNA) 

is one of our main interests. The desired tRNA could be separated from a pool of tRNAs using a 

specific activity of enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) in order to provide 

correctly charged Aminoacyl-tRNA. The resulting system could be applied to immobilized-metal 

affinity chromatography. In this study, an acid labile reagent for the purification of specific tRNA was 

synthesized and evaluated for its efficiency. 

N 3 + 

His-His-His-His 

Click chemistry 

Cu(I) 

N 

N N 

O 2 N 

O 

O 

O 

(1) 

N N 

N 

O 

His-His-His-His 

aa-tRNA 

Figure 1. Key reaction for aminoacyl-tRNA purification 

Figure 2. The first generation of target molecule 

Results 

The synthesis of compound (1) consisted of three parts; 1) synthesis of terminal alkyne 

compound, 2) terminal azide compound, and 3) Click chemistry. Another terminus of azide was 

coupled with histidine chain in order to link with immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (Figure 

1 and 2). Aminoacyl-tRNA was linked to compound (1) and formed carbamate functional group. This 

acid labile functional group readily decomposed to liberate the desired aminoacyl-tRNA under acidic 

condition. 

Keywords: aminoacyl-tRNAs, immobilized-metal affinity chromatography, carbamate group 


1. Kolb, H. C.; Finn, M. G.; Sharpless, K. B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2001, 40, 2004–2012. 

2. Nguyen, D.; Lusic, H.; Neumann, H.; Kapadnis, P.; Deiters, A.; Chin, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131, 8720-8721. 

Suwimon Suebka (สุวิมล สืบคา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1980 in Petchburi, Thailand 



S2-P108 

Synthesis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Substrate Analogs for the 

AsptRNA(Asn)/Glu-tRNA(Gln) Amidotransferase (Asp/GluADT) 

from Helicobacter pylori 

Krisana Klinchan a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Protein biosynthesis is a crucial process to all forms of life on this planet. Both direct and indirect 

aminoacylation of tRNAs play a significant role in maintaining the fidelity of protein translation. One of 

indirect aminoacylation processes used by the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori or Hp) is the 

synthesis of Asn-tRNA Asn and Gln-tRNA Gln using Asp-tRNA Asn /Glu-tRNA Gln amidotransferase (Asp/Glu- 

Adt) or GatCAB. Inhibition of this essential enzyme could lead to a discovery of a new antibacterial agent 

with novel mechanism of action. In this work, nonhydrolyzable substrate analogues of GatCAB were 

synthesized using the aminohydroxylation reaction as a key step. The synthetic details for these potential 

inhibitors will be presented. 

HO 

HO 

O 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

O N N 

OH OH 

Adenosine (1) 

NH 

O 

O 

NH2 

NH 3 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

N N 

OH 

TBDMSO 

TBDMSO 

O 

O 

OH OH 

(2) 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

N N 

O 

NH OH 

(5) O 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

N N 

TBDMSO 

TBDMSO 

O 

O 

S 

(3) 

O 

(4) 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

N N 

O 

H 2 N 

N 

N 

N N 

Objectives 

1. To synthesize nonhydrolyzable 

substrate analogues of Asp/Glu-Adt. 

2. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of 

these analogues toward Asp/Glu-ADT 

Nonhydrolyable substrate 

analogue ofAsp/Glu-Adt (6) 

Fig.1: Synthetic Plan for nonhydrolyable substrate analogues Asp/Glu-Adt 

Results 

The synthesis of a nonhydrolyzable substrate analogue (6) started from commercially available 

adenosine (1). The 2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides (4) have been mainly obtained through reductive 

elimination of cyclic thionocarbonate derivatives (3). Boc-aminonucleosides (5) was generated toward the 

aminohydroxylation of 2',3'-unsaturated nucleosides (4). Unfortunately, the Boc-aminonucleosides product 

could not be observed. Alternative routes toward the final product are being explored. 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of Boc-aminonucleosides (5) was shown to be problematic, presumably due to a 

competition between dihydroxylation and aminohydroxylation. Exploration of alternative routes toward 

Boc-aminonucleoside product remains fascinating and is currently one of our on-going efforts. 

Keywords: Asp/Glu-ADT, GatCAB, adenosine, amidotransferases, inhibition, Helicobacter pylori 



2. Hamann, M.; Pierra, C.; Sommadossi, J.; Musiu, C.; Vargiu, L.; Liuzzi, M.; Storer, R.; Gosselin, G. Bioorg. 

Med. Chem., 2009, 17, 2321–2326. 

Krisana Klinchan (กฤษณา กลิ่นจันทร) Ph.D. Student 

b 1980 in Lop-buri, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Ed. 2002 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2005 


S2-P109 

Multifunctional Polar Head Cholesterol-based Cationic Lipids for 

DNA Delivery 

Namfon Baowthongkum, a Arthit Chairoungdua, b Apichart Suksamrarn a and Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellent for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 


b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


Gene therapy constitutes a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of a variety of inherited or 

acquired disorders. Gene delivery systems include viral vectors and non-viral vectors. In a non-viral 

vector, the plasmid is complexed with cationic polymers, cationic lipids or a combination of both. 

Cationic lipids have been among the more efficient synthetic gene delivery reagents in vitro. Most of 

cationic lipids with monofunctional polar head, e.q. amino or guanidine were reported. We described 

here the synthesis of multifunctional polar head cholesterol-based lipids and transfection efficiency 

evaluation. 

Methods 

The synthetic methodology was summarized as shown in the scheme. 

W 

O 

OH 

O 

H 

N 

H 2 N N 

H 

HO 

O 

O 

N O 

Wang resin 

O 

R 

R= 

NH 2 

H 

N 

NH 2 

NH 

N 

OH 

OH 

N 

Results 

We have synthesized multifunctional cholesterol-based cationic lipids by solid phase chemistry. 

The compounds were identified by 1 H NMR, IR and mass spectra. Liposomes prepared from 

equimolar proportion of the lipid and dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) showed weak 

cytotoxicity as revealed by bioassays and were efficient to deliver plasmids DNA into mammalian 

cells using GFP as reporter gene. 

Conclusion 

The multifunctional polar head cholesterol-based cationic lipids were prepared in good yields by 

the solid-phase synthesis method. The cationic lipids bearing amino, carboxylic, guanidinyl and di(2- 

hydroxyethyl)amino polar heads exhibited highest transfection efficiency with minimal toxicity. 

Keywords: solid phase synthesis, cationic lipids, DNA delivery, liposome, cholesterol 


1. Yingyongnarongkul, B.; Radchatawedchakoon, W.; Krajarng, A.; Watanapokasin, R.; Suksamrarn, A. 

Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2009, 17, 176-188. 

2. Radchatawedchakoon, W.; Watanapokasin, R.; Krajarng, A.; Yingyongnarongkul, B. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 

2010, 18, 330-342. 

Namfon Baowthongkum (น้ําฝน เบาทองคํา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1980 in Petchabun, Thailand 


Research field: solid phase synthesis

S2-P110 

The Electrostatic Polarization is Essential to Differentiate the Helical 

Propensity in Polyalanine Mutants 

Caiyi Wei, a Dickson Tung, a Yew Mun Yip, a Ye Mei b,c and Dawei Zhang a 

a Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological 


b State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. 

c Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. 


A series of alanine-based peptide were first introduced by Baldwin and co-workers. 1 The studies 

on these helix-formed peptides have enriched our understanding of the helix formation propensities of 

amino acid. In our study, we employed a newly developed adaptive hydrogen bond-specific charge 

(AHBC) scheme 2 in molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to perform the folding process of the 

polyalanine series with various guest amino acids. The research aimed to give a detailed description 

of the sequence-dependence of helix formation in microscopic picture and unveil the importance of 

electrostatic polarization effect in accurately describing the amino acid specific helix formation 

propensity. 

Methods 

MD simulation at single room temperature was conducted on three polyalanine peptides with 

sequences of Ac-(AAXAA) 2 -GY-NH 2 (where X was chosen to be Q, K and D, to represent polar, 

positive and negatively charged residues respectively). Two sets of simulations employed different 

kinds of force fields with AMBER03 charge and AHBC were performed. All the other force field 

parameters are taken from AMBER03 force field. The starting linear structures for these peptides 

were built using LEaP module in AmerTools. Solvent effect is implicitly described by generalized 

Born model. The salt concentration is set to 0.1M and the external dielectric constant is 57.5 to mimic 

the 40% TFE solvent environment. 

Results 

When AHBC force field is 

used, peptides with distinctive 

helical propensity are correctly 

differentiated and the calculated 

helical contents are in close 

agreement with experimental 

measurement. 

Conclusion 

The simulations reveal the critical role of polarization effect for quantitative description of helix 

formation. 

Keywords: electrostatic polarization, helical propensity, polyalanine 


1. Rohl, C. A.; Chakrabartty, A; Baldwin, R. Protein Science, 1996, 5, 2623. 

2. Duan, L. L.; Mei, Y; Zhang, D. W; Zhang Q. G; Zhang, J. Z. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 11159. 

3. This work: Wei, C. Y.; Tung, D.; Yip. Y. M.; Mei, Y.; Zhang, D. W. (Under review) 

Wei Caiyi, Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Hubei China 

Wuhan University, China, Physics, B.Sc. 2007 

Wuhan University, China, Optical Physics, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: computational chemistry

S2-P111 

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Natural Amide Analogues 

Using Reusable Linker 

Nattisa Niyomtham, a Pitipreya Suauam, b Chulee Yompakdee, b Apichart Suksamrarn a and 

Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Ramkhamhaeng 

University, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, 

Thailand. 


Small amide molecules exist in natural sources and exhibit interesting biological activities. The 

amides N-salicyloyl-2-aminopropan-1,3-diol and 1-acetyl-N-salicyloyl-2-aminopropan-3-ol were also 

natural products which were isolated from the fungus Streptomyces hygroscopicus. These compounds 

exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus having MIC value of 128 μg/ml. Thus, 

it is of interested to synthesize a library of structural diversity amide compounds based on these 

amides using reusable linker. 

Methods 

The synthetic approach was summarized as shown as in the scheme 

Various Acids and Amines Used in the Synthesis of Amides (A-F)(a-v) 

Results 

A library of 132 amide analogues was synthesized using reusable linker. These amides were 

tested for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including several 

drug resistant strains. Nine compounds, Fa, Fb, Fc, Ff, Fl, Fm, Fn, Fp, and Fu, showed inhibition 

zone by agar-well diffusion method. The active compounds which were derived from 2- 

hydroxybenzoic acid were evaluated for their MIC and MBC. Two compounds, Ff, and Fm, showed 

antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megarium having MIC values of 0.025-0.2 

mg/ml and 0.025-0.4 mg/ml. 

Conclusion 

The amide compounds were easily synthesized using reusable linker. Two compounds, Ff and 

Fm, showed higher antibacterial activity than the parent amides. 

Keywords: amide analogues, reusable linker, antibacterial activity, solid phase synthesis 


1. Hossain, M. S.; Hossain, M. A.; Rahman, M. M.; Mondol, A. M.; Bhuiyan, M. S. A.; Gray, A. I.; Flores, 

M. E.; Rashid, M. E. Phytochemistry, 2004, 65, 2147-2151. 

Nattisa Niyomtham (ณัฐธิสา นิยมธรรม) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: solid phase synthesis, synthesis of drug delivery

S2-P112 

Silica Supported Base in Organic Synthesis 

Parintip Rattanaburi and Mookda Pattarawarapan 


Huay Kaew Road 239, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Solid supported reagents are commonly used in solution phase organic synthesis to facilitate 

product purification. This technique requires the attachment of reagents to solid support to facilitate 

their isolation and enable the chemist to monitor reaction using common analytical techniques. In this 

study, amine functionalized silica gel was modified with diisopropylamine to give silica supported 

base reagent (Si-DIEA) which consists of structure similar to diisopropylethylamine. Its application 

was investigated in the synthesis of sulfonamides. 

Methods 

Silica gel was pretreated surface with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, then amino silane was coated 

onto the surface of silica. The active group of -NH 2 was further connected to diisopropylamine, 

leading to Si-DIEA that had structure similar to diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA). The loading 

capacity of DIEA on Si-DIEA was determined by calculated from the starting aminated silica. Si- 

DIEA was used as base reagent in the synthesis of sulfonamide from reacting benzylamine with 

benzenesulfonyl chloride at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, Si-DIEA was 

removed from the reaction by filtration. The reaction mixture was evaporated to give sulfonamide as a 

white solid. 

Results 

Si-DIEA was obtained as white powder. The loading capacity of DIEA on Si-DIEA was 0.73 

mmol/g. Using Si-DIEA as base reagent in the synthesis of sulfonamide, the product sulfonamide can 

be formed in an excellent yield and purity (95%). 

Conclusion 

Silica supported base reagent (Si-DIEA) has been synthesized and can be used as an effective 

base reagent in the synthesis of sulfonamide. This procedure is fast easy and effective. The excellent 

yield and purity of product was obtained without aqueous work up and/or column chromatography. 

Keywords: silica gel, supported reagent, solid supported base reagent 


1. Arakaki, L. N. H.; Nunes, L. M.; Simoni, J. A.; Airoldi, C. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2000, 228, 46-51. 

2. Pattarawarapan M.; Singhatana, S., Chiang Mai J. Sci., 2006, 33, 203-209. 

3. Baxendale, I. R.; Ley, S. V.; Martinelli, M. Tetrahedron, 2005, 61, 5323-5349. 

Parintip Rattanaburi (ปริญทิพย รัตนบุรี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1981 in Nakhonsrithammarat Thailand 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009-present 

Research field: new silica material in organic synthesis

S2-P113 

Enzyme Responsive Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles for 

Tumor Intracellular Drug Delivery and Imaging 

Yanmei Yang and Bengang Xing 




Magnetic nanoparticles have been extensively employed in cell targeting, bioseparation and 

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vitro and in vivo. 1 Herein, we aim to develop a novel and 

multifunctional enzyme-responsive antitumor drug Doxorubicin (Dox)-peptide coated silica-magnetic 

nanoparticles (SMNPs) conjugate for selectively triggered intracellular delivery of Dox and 

fluorescent imaging of tumor cell functions. We expect that this hybrid nanoparticles conjugate may 

provides the opportunity to real-time monitor the cellular trafficking of Dox molecules in the living 

conditions in combination of MRI and fluorescence imaging techniques. 

Methods 

The silicon-magnetic NPs complexes were fabricated based on Stöber method, the enzyme 

cleavable peptide sequence was conjugated with antitumor drug Doxorubicin, which was further 

anchored on the surface of silicon-magnetic NPS based on “click chemistry” to generate the 

enzyme-responsive multifunctional Dox-SMNPs conjugate system. Before the enzyme treatment, the 

fluorescence of Dox would be quenched when the drug was covalently tethered on the surface of 

SMNPs as the results of electronic energy transfer. Upon the incubation of Dox-SMNPs with 

cathepsin B enzyme, sequential fluorescent enhancement in the intensity of native spectrum of Dox 

was observed. 

Results 

Dox-SMNPs could selectively release drug and improve the drug activity in the tumor cells with 

high cathepsin B expression. The intracellular uptake and distribution of the drug-conjugated SMNPs 

complex was monitored by fluorescent imaging and MRI techniques. 

Conclusion 

This stable and non-toxic drug SMNPs conjugate exhibited the selective controlling for the 

release of antitumor drug molecules in living cells in which the specific enzyme has been highly 

expressed. 

Keywords: magnetic nanoparticle, drug delivery, doxorubicin, click chemistry 


1. Xie, J.; Huang, J.; Sun, S.; Chen, X. Curr. Med. Chem., 2009, 16, 1278. 

2. This work: Yang, Y.; Xing, B. Chem. Asian. J., asia.201000905. (Accepted) 

Yanmei Yang, Ph.D. Student 

b 1982 in Jiangsu, China 

Southeast University, China, Chemical Engineering, B.Sc. 2005 

Southeast University, China, Chemical Engineering, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: nano-biotechnology and biomaterials

S2-P114 

Synthesis and of Cationic Lipids with Ether Spacer between Cationic 

Head and Linker for DNA Delivery 

Khanitha Roongwitwathunyoo, a Orapan Paecharoenchai, b Parneet Opaanasopit, b Apichart Suksamrarn a 

and Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng 


b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakornpathom, Thailand. 


Off all the non-viral chemical vectors, cationic lipid is the chemical transfection agent for delivery 

of nucleic acids which hold great promise as a safe and non-immunogenic approach to gene delivery. 

The objectives of this project are synthesizing a library of cholesterol-based cationic lipids with ether 

spacer between cationic head and linker using solid phase synthesis technique and to study their 

transfection efficiency on mammalian cell lines. 

Methods 


Results 

Seventy-two cationic lipids were obtained in moderate to good yield by solid phase synthesis. 

Structure elucidation of these lipids was achieved by NMR ( 1 H and 13 C), IR and ESMS techniques. 

The synthesized cationic lipids were tested for DNA delivery into mammalian. Some of cationic lipids 

with ether spacer exhibited compatible or higher transfection efficiency than lipofectamine, the 

currently used transfection agent. 

Conclusion 

Seventy-two cholesterol-based cationic lipids with ether spacer between cationic head and linker 

have been synthesized using solid phase synthesis technique. These compounds demonstrate to be 

novel non-viral vector for further study. 

Keywords: solid phase synthesis, cationic lipid, transfection, DNA delivery 


1. Radchatawedchakoon, W.; Watanapokasin, R.; Krajarng, A.; Yingyongnarongkul, B. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 

2010, 18, 330-342. 

2. Yingyongnarongkul, B.; Radchatawedchakoon, W.; Krajarng, A.; Watanapokasin, R.; Suksamrarn, A. 

Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2009, 17, 176-188. 

Khanitha Roongwitwathunyoo (ขนิษฐา รุงวิทยวทัญู) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: solid phase synthesis, synthesis of cationic lipid for DNA delivery

S2-P115 

Synthesis of Cationic Lipids Having Triterpene as a Hydrophobic Tail 

Wisith Saejew, Apichart Suksamrarn and Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul 




Cationic lipids have been used for gene therapy. The structure of cationic lipid includes polar 

head group, hydrophobic tail and linkage. Generally, hydrophobic tails of cationic lipids are steroid or 

hydrocarbon chain. In this work, cationic lipids with triterpene tail were synthesized and evaluated for 

transfection efficiency. 

Methods 


Results 

Eight cationic lipids with triterpene tail were obtained in moderate to good yield. The polar head 

of these lipid were varied from amino to quanidinyl, di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino and trimethylamino 

group. Cationic lipids bearing cholesterol tail were also synthesized for comparison. Structure 

elucidation of these lipids was achieved by NMR ( 1 H and 13 C), IR and ESMS techniques. All the 

synthesized lipids are under investigation for transfection efficiency. 

Conclusion 

New cationic lipids with triterpene tails were synthesized. These lipids might be a new class of 

transfection agent. 

Keywords: cationic lipid, transfection, triterpene 


1. Kim, B.-K.; Doh, K.-O.; Nam, J. H.; Kang, H.; Park, J.-G.; Moon, I.-J.; Sen, Y.-B. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 

Lett., 2009, 19, 2986-2989. 

2. Li, S.; Gao, X.; Son, K.; Sorgi, F.; Hofland, H.; Huang, L. J. Control. Release, 1996, 39, 373-381. 

Wisith Saejew (วิศิษฎ แซจิ๋ว) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: synthesis of cationic lipid for DNA delivery

S2-P116 

Effect of Arginine Side Chain Length and Charge on Helix Formation 

and Capping Energetics, Cell Penetration, and RNA Recognition 

Cheng-Hsun Wu, Yi-Jen Weng, Ming-Huei Weng, Wei-Ren Wang, Po-An Yang, Hao-Chun Hsu, Hsiou- 

Ting Kuo and Richard P. Cheng 

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. 


Arginine (Arg) is crucial for the urea cycle and nitric oxide generation. Arg has also been used for 

recognizing negatively charged biological molecules, cell penetration and protein refolding. The 

versatility of Arg has inspired the need to research the structural effects of incorporating different Arg 

analogs. Herein, we present the effect of Arg side chain length on helix formation by studying 12 Alabased 

peptides containing the Arg analogs with varying side chain length. We will also present the 

effect of Arg side chain length and charge on cell penetration and RNA binding of the human 

immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Tat peptide (amino acids 47–57). 

Methods 

We investigated the helix formation parameters for the various Arg analogs by circular dichroism 

spectroscopy coupled with modified Lifson-Roig theory, conformational analysis by molecular 

mechanics calculations, and a survey of the protein structure database. The binding between Tat 

peptide derivatives and TAR RNA was investigated by gel mobility shift assay and fluorescence 

anisotropy. Cell penetration of the Tat peptide derivatives linked to a fluorophore was studied by flow 

cytometry in Jurkat cells. 

Results 

All four Arg analogs, regardless of side chain length, exhibited extremely unfavorable energetics 

at the N-cap position of a helix. In contrast, the C-cap energetics became more favored with 

increasing side chain length. Most importantly, helix formation energetics was most favored for Arg, 

highlighting the uniqueness of the Arg side chain length. Altering the Arg side chain length and 

charge in Tat peptides resulted in variation in cell penetration and RNA binding. 

Conclusion 

All four Arg analogs with varying side chain length were energetically unfavorable for N-capping. 

Interestingly, Arg was most energetically favorable at internal helix positions, whereas the longer Arg 

analog was most energetically favorable for C-capping. The shorter Arg analogs are not suitable for 

helical structures, but may be useful for sheets or turns. Arg side chain length and charge can affect 

cell penetration bioactivity and RNA recognition. This should be useful for developing Argcontaining 

bioactive molecules. 

Keywords: Arg analogs, helix formation, cell penetration peptides, RNA binding. 


1. Cheng, R. P.; Girinath, P.; Ahmad, R. Biochemistry, 2007, 46, 10528-10537. 

2. Goun, E. A.; Pillow, T. H.; Jones, L. R.; Rothbard, J. B.; Wender, P. A. Chem. Bio. Chem., 2006, 7, 1497-1515. 

3. Karn, J. J. Mol. Biol., 1999, 293, 235-254. 

Cheng-Hsun Wu ( 吳政勳 ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Taipei, Taiwan 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: peptides, Arg analogs, cell penetration, RNA recognition

S2-P117 

Reduced Ecdysteroid Analogue with Plant Growth Regulating Activity 

Sasithorn Klinsakorn, a Sureeporn Homvisasevongsa, b Yasutomo Takeuchi c and Apichart Suksamrarn a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, 


b Devision of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut 

Prakarn 10540, Thailand. 

c Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan. 


Ecdysteroids are arthropod moulting hormone in vertebrates and plant species.The essential features 

contributing to high moulting activity include a cis-A/B ring junction,a keto-7-ene system, a free 14-hydroxyl 

group and a full sterol side chain. Ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone (1), for example) revealed structural 

similarity to those of brassinosteroids (castasterone (2), for example). It is regarded that the B-ring of compound 

2 is the 7,8-dihydro analogue of ecdysteroids. Brassinosteroids are interesting not only for their potential 

activity as antagonists of ecdysteroids but also for testing their activity as plant growth regulators.It was 

therefore of interest to progressively change ecdysteroid structure towards brassinosteroid structure such as 

removal of the double bond at ring B to analogue having features of both ecdysteroid and brassinosteroid and 

determine whether they possess ecdysteroid-like, brassinosteroid-like activity, or both activities. 

Methods 

Catalytic hydrogenation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (1) in the presence of sodium nitrite gave the major 

compound, 7,8-dihydro-8-20-hydroxyecdysone (3). The hypocotyl elongation effect of compound on radish 

(Raphanus sativus L.) was investigated. 

Results 

Table 1. Effect of 7, 8-dihydro-8-20-hydroxyecdysone (3) on hypocotyl elongation of radish 

The length of radish hypocotyl (cm) 

Concentration Control a Brassinolide b Compound 3 

(Molar) 

10 -5 32.5 ± 1.15 57.50 ± 1.15 33.75 ± 1.39 

10 -6 32.5 ± 1.15 47.92 ± 1.56 38.75 ± 1.25 

10 -7 32.5 ± 1.15 42.92 ± 1.14 35.83 ± 1.72 

10 -8 32.5 ± 1.15 40.00 ± 0 .74 33.75 ± 1.25 

a Negative control (H 2 O). b Positive control 

Conclusion 

The hydrogenated compound 3 promoted weak elongation of the radish hypocotyl whereas compound 1 

does not have such activity (data not shown). However, the activity of 3 was much less than brassinolide. It was 

suggested that the absence of an unsaturated bond at the B-ring of ecdysteroid resulted in plant growth 

promoting activity. 

Keywords: plant growth regulating action, Raphanus sativus, ecdysteroid analogue, brassinosteroid 


1. Suksamrarn, A.; Tanachatchairatana, T.; Sirigarn, C. Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 6033-6037. 

2. Takematsu, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Koguchi, M. Chem. Regul. Plants (Tokyo), 1984, 18, 38-54. 

3. Suksamrarn, A.; Homvisasevongsa, S.; Yasutomo, T. Ecdysteroid analogues with plant growth a promoting 

activity. Thai Patent Application, No. 1001001633, 20 October 2010. 

Sasithorn Klinsakorn (ศศิธร กลิ่นสาคร) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P118 

Chemically Modified Analogues of 3-Hydroxyflavanones, Khonklonginols 

Sanit Thongnest and Somyote Sutthivaiyakit 


University, Hue Mark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 


A variety of chemical methods to modify the bioactive 3-hydroxyflavone natural product; 

khonklonginol A have been conducted in order to study an in-depth insight into structure-activity 

relationships (SARs). 

Methods 

The lead compound; khonklonginol A, was isolated from Eriosema chinense and subjected to 

several functional group transformations, including alkylation, acylation, catalytic hydrogenation, 

epoxidation, esterification, oxidation and oximination reactions, at selected accessible positions 

shown below. These modified analogues are further investigated for their biological activity. 


The 22 modified analogues were successfully prepared from the 3-hydroxyflavanones, 

khonklonginols in moderate to good yields, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic 

methods. The biological activity of these analogues is now under evaluated for structure-activity 

relationships and will be presented. 

Keywords: Eriosema chinense, prenylated flavonoid, 3-hydroxyflavanone, khonklonginol A 


1. Sutthivaiyakit, S.; Thongnak, O.; Lhinhatrakool, T.; Yodchunm O.; Srimark, R.; Dowtaisong, P.; 

Chuankamnerdkarn, M. J. Nat. Prod., 2009, 72, 1092-1096. 

2. Hirpara, K. V.; Aggarwal, P.; Mukherjee, A. J.; Joshi, N.; Burman, A. C. Anti-Cancer Agents Med. Chem., 

2009, 9, 138-161. 

Sanit Thongnest (ศานิตย ทองเนตร) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: natural products, and semi-synthesis

S2-P119 

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 2-Deoxy-2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl Glycosides 

Yada Sirichan, a Uthaiwan Sirion, a Arthit Chairoungdua b and Rungnapha Saeeng a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 

Sansook,ChonBuri 20131, Thailand. 

b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


A large number of bioactive glycosides have been obtained from natural sources as well as via 

different synthetic approaches. This has recently stimulated the development of synthetic strategies 

and consequently biological data on glycosides. Since aryl glycosides exhibit diverse biological 

activities including antitumor and antiviral action, the aim of the present study was to carry out the 

synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-pyranosides by efficient method and check their cytotoxic activities. 

Methods 

Various 2-deoxy-2-iodo--manopyranosyl glycosides were synthesized by new method using 

molecular iodine and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as catalyst. 

The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the resulting synthesized compounds were evaluated against 

human bladder cancer (T24), human lung cancer (LU-1) and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (HuCCA- 

1, K213, K100). 

Results 

2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl glycosides were obtained by using this convenient method in 

moderate to high yields, with good -anomeric selectivity. Two glycoside products exhibited better 

cytotoxic activity than ellipticine against T24, HuCCA-1, K213 and K100 cells. 

Conclusion 

A series of 2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl glycosides have been synthesized and screening for 

cytotoxicity. Two glycosides showed promising activities against human bladder cancer (T24), and 

cholangiocarcinoma cells (HuCCA-1, K213, K100). The preliminary structure–activity study 

revealed that the substituent group at anomeric position and O-Benzyl at C-3, C-4 and C-6 of 

glycoside ring play an important role in displaying biological activity. 

Keywords: 2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl glycosides, molecular iodine, D-glucal, cytotoxicity 


1. Saeeng, R.; Sirion, U.; Sirichan, Y.; Trakulsujaritchok, T.; Sahakitpichan, P. Heterocycles, 2010, 81, 2569-2576. 

2. Sirion, U.; Purintawarrakun, S.; Sahakitpichan, P.; Saeeng, R. Carbohydr. Res., 2010, 345, 2401-2407. 

Yada Sirichan (ญาดา ศิริจันทร) M.Sc. Student 


Burapha University, Thailand, Medical science, B.Sc. 2007 

Research field: organic chemistry and glycoside chemistry

S2-P120 

Synthesis of Bioreductive Anticancer Agents of 

Zerumbone Derivatives from Zingiber zerumbet Smith 

Siripit Pitchuanchom, a Uraiwan Songsiang, a Natthida Weerapreeyakul, b Chantana Boonyarat b and 

Chavi Yenjai a 

a Natural Products Research Unit, Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 


b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


To synthesize the bioreductive compounds from zerumbone derivatives. The bioreductive 

compound is one possibility to enhance the accuracy at destroying tumor cells and lessen systemic 

side effects in the treatment of cancer. 

Methods 

Bioreductive compounds 10 and 11 were synthesized from reaction of zerumbone derivatives 

with quinone propionic acid, DMAP and DCC in dry dichloromethane solution. Both of 10 and 11 

were reduced under conditions containing the DT-diaphorase enzyme with NADPH co-enzyme in 

phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Moreover, ester 10 and amide 11 were hydrolyzed under conditions 

containing esterase and amidase enzyme, respectively. 

Results 

12 

O 3 

1 

10 

15 

14 

8 

O 

O 

12 

14' 

13' 

O 10' 11' O 

5 

1 

8' 

H 

2' 

15 10 N 

O 1' 

3 1' 

5' 

5' 

13 

12' 

14 

8' 

O 

10' 11' 

O 

14' 

8 

O 

10 11 

13 

12' 

13' 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, the bioreductive compounds 10 and 11 were shown to release toxic moieties 

selectively in NCI-H187 and MCF-7 (reductase containing cells) and preferentially cleavage under 

reductive conditions. 

Keywords: bioreductive, cancer, zerumbone derivatives, Zingiber zerumbet Smith 


1. Weerapreyakul, N.; Anorach, R.; Khuansawad, T.; Yenjai, C.; Isaka, M. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2007, 55, 

930-935. 

2. Begleitera, A.; Leitha, M. K.; Dohertya, G. P.; Digbya, T. J.; Pan, S. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2001, 61, 955–964. 

Siripit Pitchuanchom (สิริพิศ พิศชวนชม) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: organic synthesis and natural product

S2-P121 

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Fmoc-Aeg-Artemisinin-OtBu 

Oligomers in HT-29 Cells 

Supannee Phothongkam, a Angkana Saovapakhiran, b Sirirat Chancharunee, a Uthai Wichai c and 

Manat Pohmakotr d 

a Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 


b Bio-organic synthesis and Molecular Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 


c Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, 


d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 


To synthesize endoperoxide antimalarials based on Fmoc-Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu and to explore 

their biological activities 

Methods 

Artemisinin acetic acid was prepared from dihydroartemisinin using known procedure 1 . Synthesis 

of the fully blocked artemisinin monomer was accomplished by treatment of artemisinin acetic acid 

with 2,6-lutidine, 2-(1H-7-azabenzo-triazole-l-yl)-oxy-l,l,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate 

(HATU) and Fmoc- aminoethylglycine backbone in the presence of DIEA in DMF. The crude 

product was purified by chromatography and produced satisfactory NMR. The Fmoc-Aegartemisinin-OtBu 

monomers could be used to assemble oligomeric structures. The synthesis of Fmoc- 

Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer was undertaken by using typical sequential deprotection-coupling steps 

in peptide synthesis. The synthesized compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities. 

Human colonic adenocarcinoma HT-29 was grown in RPMI1640 at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 

5% CO 2 . Cell viability test was determined by standard MTT assay 

Results 

The cytotoxicities of Fmoc-lys(Boc)-Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu monomer and Fmoc-lys(Boc)-Aegartemisinin-OtBu 

dimer in HT-29 cell were examined by the MTT assay and compared to Fmoc-Aegartemisinin-OtBu 

monomer and Fmoc-Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer. Assessment of cytotoxicity 

showed that Fmoc-lys(Boc)-Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer had the highest cytotoxic efficiency. The 

addition of Fmoc-lys(Boc) at the N-terminus of NH 2 -Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer may induce 

apoptotic cell death in HT-29 cells, while the addition of Fmoc-lys(Boc) at the N-terminus of NH 2 - 

Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu monomer had no effect on cell death 

Conclusion 

An increase in cytotoxic efficiency of Fmoc-lys(Boc)-Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer was 

associated with Fmoc-lys(Boc), whereas Fmoc-lys(Boc) had no effect on Fmoc-Aeg-artemisinin- 

OtBu monomer. From these observations, it could be hypothesized that the addition of Fmoc-lys(Boc) 

at the N-terminus of NH 2 -Aeg-artemisinin-OtBu dimer may induce apoptotic cell death in HT-29 

cells. 

Keywords: synthesis, artemisinin, oligomers, cytotoxicity, HT-29 cells 


1. O’Neill P. M.; Posner G. H. J. Med. Chem., 2004, 47, 2945-2964. 

Supannee Phothonkam (สุพรรณี โพธิ์ทองคํา) Ph.D. Student 



Chiangmai University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, Ph.D. 2007-present 

Research field: pseudo peptide synthesis

S2-P122 

Synthesis of Anti-cancer Hydroxynaphthoquinone Derivatives 

Wanthani Paengsri and Apiwat Baramee 




Naphthoquinones are considered privileged structures in medicinal chemistry due to their 

biological activities and structural properties and widely distributed in nature and many clinically 

important antitumor drugs containing a quinone moiety show anti-cancer activities. In folk medicine, 

plants containing naphthoquinones are often employed for the treatment of various diseases. This 

research considered to synthesize the novel naphthoquinone derivatives and test for anti-cancer. 

Methods 

The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 3-7 was performed by a modified 

process previously reported (scheme 1). 

O 

OH 

RCHO 

NH 

O 

2 

1 N , EtOH 

Scheme 1. Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 3-7 

Results 

The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 3-7 was performed by a modified 

process previously reported. The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 3-7 was 

achieved by a Mannich reaction between 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-aminopyridine, and 

selected aldehydes. The 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 3-7 were then prepared by 

condensation of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 1 with the corresponding aldehyde in the presence of 

2-aminopyridine 2 in absolute ethanol. Compounds 3-7 were obtained in a range of 27-90% yields. 

The structures of these compounds were elucidated by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR and ESI-MS. 

Conclusion 

Our study revealed five novel of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, one of them 

compound 7 with showed positive results in anti-cancer MCF7-breast cancer and NCI-H187-small 

cell lung cancer activities and non-cytotoxic. In the future, other 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone 

derivatives will be synthesized to investigate their significant bioactivities. 

Keywords: quinone, hydroxynaphthoquinone, anti-breast cancer, anti-lung cancer 


1. Baramee, A.; Coppin, A.; Mortuaire, M.; Pelinski, L.; Tomavo, S.; Brocard, J. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2006, 

14, 1294-1302. 

2. Constantino, L.; Barlocco, D. Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, 13, 65-85. 

3. Andressa, E. S.; Kelly, A.; Andrea, S.; Angelo, D. C. P.; Edson, L.; Celso, A. C.; Maria, D. V.; Cerlirocha, 

G. Oncology Reports, 2008, 20, 225-231. 

O 

O 

OH 

H 

H N 

C 

R 

2 3 R=H 

4 R=CH 3 

5 R=C 6 H 5 

6 R=2-OHC 6 H 4 

7 R=C 4 H 3 O 

N 

Wanthani Paengsri (วันทนีย แพงศรี) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Science, B.Ed. 1995 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Teaching Chemistry, M.S. 2000 


S2-P123 

Synthesis of Eugenol Derivatives for Anasthetic Test in Aquatic Animals 

Thitiphong Khumkhen and Chaturong Suprapprom 




The freshness and tasty of food product is more important in the export industry, especially in 

aquatic product including in the quality of physical properties of ornamental fish and aquatic animals. 

It leads to the use of vaccine and other chemical in transportation procedure to decrease the death rate 

and relax threaten aquatic animals. Moreover, there are fish transportation procedure by treat vaccine 

or other chemicals between transfer fishes for decreasing death and stress of aquatic, such as propofol, 

paridocain, benzocaine, tricane methanesulfonate, fentanyl, procaine derivatives, halothane isoflurane 

and Eugenol. 

Eugenol is a volatile oil that can be extracted from natural plant Eugenia caryophyllata or clove 

tree. They are used for local anesthetics due to their non-toxic to human. In this research, eugenol 

derivatives were designed and synthesized by modify at hydroxyl, methoxy and allyl position in 

molecule. 

Methods 

The Eugenol derivatives were synthesized at hydroxyl position via O-alkylation reaction or 

change to hydrogen bond donor or acceptor substituent. Demethylation of methoxy group was 

performed and modified the same strategies with hydrogen position. These Eugenol derivatives was 

prepare to macroemulsion form for anasthetic test in aquatic animals. 


Synthesis of Eugenol derivatives by O-alkylation reaction at the hydroxyl group of Eugenol was 

synthesized by one alkylation step with high yield and successfully prepared in macroemulsion form. 

Keywords: eugenol, Eugenia caryophyllata, anesthetic 


1. Node, M.; Nishide, K.; Fuji, K.; Fujita, E. J. Org. Chem., 1980, 45, 4275-4277. 

2. Kassiou, M.; Dannals, R. F.; Liu, X. D. F.; Wong, H.; Ravert, T.; Scheffel, U. A. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 

2005, 13, 3623-3626. 

3. Fujikawa, N.; Ohta, T.; Yamaguchi, T.; Fukuda, T.; Ishibashi, F.; Iwao, M. Tetrahedron, 2006, 63, 594-604. 

4. Cahiez, G.; Moyeux, A. Chem. Rev., 2010, 110, 1435-1462. 

Thitiphong Khumkhen (ฐิติพงษ คําเคน) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P124 

Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation of Fluvastatin Derivatives 

Thanya Rukkijakan a,b and Pitak Chuawong a,b 


b Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, 

Thailand. 


Fluvastatin is a water-soluble cholesterol lowering medicine which acts through the inhibition of 

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and effectively blocks cholesterol 

biosynthesis in hepatocyte cell. From the molecular docking analysis, the 2,3-disubstituted indole ring 

core structure of fluvastatin is a key moiety for inhibition of Tyrosine kinase. In this work, fluvastatin 

derivatives were synthesized using the regiospecific synthesis of 2, 3-disubstituted indole via 

consecutive Sonogashira and Cacchi reactions as key steps. The synthetic details for these potential 

inhibitors will be presented. 

N 

R 

X 

X 

I 

HO 

+ + 

NH 

O CF 3 Br 

OH 

OH 

Fluvastatin 

ONa 

O 

N 

R 

Fig.1: Synthetic Plan for Fluvastatin Derivatives 

Results 

The key intermediate hydroxyl indole (I) and its derivatives were synthesized via regiospecific 

reactopm of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(2-iodophenyl)acetamide, propargly 

alcohol and 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene. The product yield form this step is quite low. Currently, 

alternative routes toward the final product are being explored. 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of hydroxyl indole (I) was unsuccessful, presumably due to a competition between 

intramolecular cyclization of indole ring and Cacchi reactions. Exploration for a new route toward 

hydroxyl indole product is in progress. 

Keywords: fluvastatin, cholesterol biosynthesis, inhibition 

X 

Z 

OH 

N 

H 

O 

X 

III 

OH 

O 

O 


1. Parker, R. A.; Clark, R. W.; Sit S. Y. J. Lipid Res., 1990, 31, 1271-1282. 

2. Lu, B. Z.; Zhao, W.; Wei, H. X.; Dufour, M.; Farina, V.; Senanayake, C. H. Org. Lett., 2006, 8(15), 3271-3274. 

Thanya Rukkijakan (ธัญญะ รักษกิจการ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1983 in Saraburi, Thailand 

Kasetsart University, Thailand, Biochemistry, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: organic chemistry 

I 

N 

R 

X 

II 

H 

O 

R = akyl group 

X=F,Br,Cl,NH2,NHAc 

Objectives 

1. To obtain a new synthesis 

route for fluvustatin 

derivatives. 

2. To evaluate biological activity 

of fluvastatin derivatives.

S2-P125 

Synthesis of Capsaicin Analogues as a Novel Anti-Pain Agent 

Thanet Laorob and Uthai Wichai 




Capsaicin is a natural product which acts specifically on Transient Receptor Potential receptor 

Variant type 1 (TRPV1) in a subset of primary sensory neurons. This receptor involves in analgesics 

or anti-pain sensory. The structure-activity relationships for capsaicin agonists have previously been 

rationalized, by many researches, by dividing the capsaicin molecule into three regions such as A 

(aromatic region), B (bond region), and C (Chain region). However, it was found that the aromatic 

region mainly contribute to the agonist on biological activity with TRPV1 receptor more than the 

others because aromatic region can occur hydrogen bonding interaction and π-π stacking interaction 

with TRPV1 receptor. In this study, we design capsaicin analogues by replacement of O-methoxy 

group with electron withdrawing group such as halogen, cyano and nitro group to increase π-π 

stacking interaction and expect the improvement binding with TRPV1 receptor. 

Methods 

Series of capsaicin analogues were prepared via coupling reaction between aromatic moiety (1 0 

amine salt) and 8-methylnon-6-enoic acid. First, synthesis of aromatic moiety had been prepared by 

selective reduction of oximes to corresponding 1 o amines employing zinc powder and ammonium 

chloride under reflux condition. Excepted nitro-substituent had been prepared via Lueckart reaction to 

corresponding 1 0 amines using ammonium formate. Second, preparation of 8-methylnon-6-enoic acid 

was synthesized via Wittig reaction between 6-bromohexanoic acid and isobutyraldehyde. Finally, 

capsaicin analogues were prepared through the chemoselective coupling reaction employing thionyl 

chloride and triethylamine (TEA). 

Results 

This study was divided into three parts. First, aromatic amine moiety had been prepared by 

selective reduction of oximes in the presence of zinc dust and ammonium chloride despite a presence 

of other functional groups such as halogens, -OH, -OCH 3 , -CN. Excepted nitro-substituent had been 

prepared via Lueckart reaction. And isolation of the products were readily obtained as hydrochloride 

salts and was produced in good yields (80-87%). Next, (E)-8-methy1-6-nonenoic acid had been 

prepared via Wittig reaction and it was found to be contaminated with the E isomer in a 1:11 E/Z 

ratio. Subsequently, treatment of (Z)-fatty acid with NaNO 2 in HNO 3 providing the E isomer (75%, 

E/Z 10:3). Finally, capsaicin analogues were prepared via the chemoselective coupling reaction using 

thionyl chloride to provide overall yield for 50-60%. 

Conclusion 

The capsaicin analogues were readily synthesized via coupling reaction between a series of 

aromatic amine moiety with 8-methyl-6-nonenoic acid. In this way, the analogues were successfully 

prepared in moderate yield (50–60%). The TRPV 1 activity is currently investigated. 

Keywords: capsaicin analogues, anti-pain agent, TRPV-1 


1. Harumi, K.; Masakatsu, M.; Kazuhiko, O. J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 3477-3478. 

2. Abiraj, K.; Gowda, D. C. J. Chem. Res., 2003, 6, 332-334. 

Thanet Laorob (ธเนศ เหลารบ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakornsawan, Thailand 



S2-P126 

Synthesis of Capsiate Analogues as a Novel Anti-Pain Agent 

Parintorn Eiamsa-ard and Uthai Wichai 




Capsaicin (1) is a pungency ingredient in Capsaicum annunum. that consists of vanillin and fatty 

acid connected with amide bond. In addition to 1 is an ingredient in food, it also feature anti-pain 

agent as well due to its Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel, Subfamily V, Member1 

(TRPV1) activity that involve the hydrogen bonding interaction at the amide bond, Van der Waal’s 

interaction at fatty acid and - stacking of aromatic region. Unlike capsaicin, capsiate (2) is a natural 

capsaicin analogue that contains vanillyl alcohol and long chain fatty acid connected by ester bond 

that found in non-pungent cultivar named CH-19 Sweet. From the similar structure of both and the 

non-pungency of 2 made it become an interesting compound for use as anti-pain agent. In this work, 

we design and synthesis of capsiate analogues via replaced –OCH 3 group on aromatic region with 

electron withdrawing group i.e. NO 2 , Br, CN and F to promote - stacking interaction with TRPV1 

receptor. 

Methods 

Capsiate analogues were prepared from an electrophillic aromatic substitution of 4- 

hydroxybenzaldehyde and then further underwent reduction with NaBH 4 to convert these aldehyde to 

vanillyl alcohol derivatives. In the part of fatty acid, triphenyl phosphonium salt of 6-bromohexanoic 

acid was coupled with isobutyraldehyde to give (Z)-isomer of fatty acid then isomerized with NaNO 2 

to give (E)-fatty acid. Finally, vanilyl alcohol derivatives and (Z)-fatty acid were connected in the 

presence of TPP and DIAD in THF. 

Results 

The synthesis of capsiates analogues were successfully prepared in 6 steps with the key step of 

Mitsunobu chemoselective esterification without the protecting of phenolic to give capsiate analogues 

with the satisfy yields (40-50 %). 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of capsiate analogues was prepared and the key step of Mitsunobu chemoselective 

esterification without the protection of phenolic acohol in good yield and investigation of its TRPV1 

activity or anti-pain property is being performed. 

Keywords: capsiate, capsaicin, Mitsunobu chemoselective esterification, anti-pain agent 


1. Orito, K.; Miura, M.; Kaga, H. J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 2477-2478. 

2. Appendino, G.; Minassi, S.; Daddario, N.; Bianchi, F.; Tron, C.G. Org. Lett., 2002, 4, 3839-3841. 

Parintorn Eiamsa-ard (ปรินธร เอี่ยมสะอาด) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Pichit, Thailand 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, B. Sc. 2008 


S2-P127 

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity Against NCI-H187 Cell Line of 

(1E,4E,6E)-Heptatrien-3-one Analogues of Curcuminoids 

Thipphawan Chuprajob, Chatchawan Changtam and Apichart Suksamrarn 




Curcuminoids are the major constituents of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and some other 

Curcuma species. The main curcuminoid isolated from C. longa is curcumin (1). The minor 

constituents include demethoxycurcumin (2) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (3). Curcuminoids exhibited 

many interesting biological activities, for example, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity 

and anticancer activity. Many biological activities of curcuminoids indicated that the ,-unsaturated 

diketo group that linked chain is required for high activity. In this work, the (1E,4E,6E)-heptatrien-3- 

one analogues of curcuminnoids were synthesized and all compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity 

against human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) cell line. 

Methods 

The (1E,4E,6E)-heptatrien-3-one analogues of curcuminoids (8-12) were synthesized by aldol 

condensation under base-catalyzed are shown in scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Results 

Compounds 8-12 were synthesized in moderate yield by aldol condensation. These compounds 

exhibited high cytotoxic activity against the NCI-H187 cell line with IC 50 values as 0.64, 0.663, 

0.874, 1.27 and 0.772 ug/ml, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The synthesized (1E,4E,6E)-heptatrien-3-one analogues of curcuminoids 8-12 exhibited high 

cytotoxic activity against the NCI-H187 cell line. 

Keywords: curcuminoids, (1E,4E,6E)-heptatrien-3-one analogues, cytotoxic activity 


1. Lin, L.; Shi, Q.; Nyarko, A. K.; Bastow, K. F.; Wu, C.-C.; Su, C.-Y.; Shih, C. C.-Y.; Lee, K.-H. J. Med. 

Chem., 2006, 49, 3963–3972. 

Thipphawan Chuprajob (ทิพวรรณ จูประจบ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: organic chemistry, drug discovery

S2-P128 

Efficient Synthesis of Anti-tumor Activity of 

Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines 

Chung-Yu Chen ( 陳建宇 ) and Jeh-Jeng Wang ( 王志鉦 ) 

Department of pharmacy, College of pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan. 

Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are a group of potent, naturally occurring antitumor 

antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species. Recently, we reported the total synthesis of a series of 

novel PBD-indole and PBD-enediyne conjugates. The biological studies showed that these agents 

have potential for use as highly potent broad-spectrum antitumor/anticancer compounds to inhibit the 

growth of a variety of cancer cell lines. In this presentation, we will describe the improved synthesis 

of these conjugates. The three-step synthesis, debenzylation of EOM-protected 8-benzyloxy -PBD, 

coupled with indoles and enediynes, reduction of ether-protected conjugates generates the title 

compounds in high yields. 


1. Wang, J.-J.; Shen, Y.-K.; Hu, W.-P.; Hsieh, M.-C.; Lin, F.-L.; Hsu, M.-K.; Hsu, M.-H. J. Med. Chem., 

2006, 49, 1442-1449. 

2. Hu, W.-P.; Liang, J.-J.; Kao, C.-L.; Chen, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2009, 17, 1172–1180.

S2-P129 

A New Synthetic Approach to Oseltamivir Phosphate from D-Mannose 

Nutthawat Chuanopparat, Ngampong Kongkathip and Boonsong Kongkathip 




Swine flu and bird flu have been caused by influenza virus A (subtype H1N1 and H5N1). A 

patient who is infected with this virus (H1N1 or H5N1) can be healed by treatment with an anti viral 

drug, oseltamivir phosphate. Due to the usefulness of this drug, a number of research groups have 

drawn attention to synthesize this compound by starting with different precursors. Monosaccharides 

have been chosen as starting materials for the synthesis of Tamiflu in our research group because they 

have appropriate stereochemistry and lower cost than other starting materials. Herein, we report the 

synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate from D-Mannose. 

Methods 

The synthetic route of oseltamivir phosphate was summarized in the scheme below. 

Results 

The oseltamivir core structure (5) has been synthesized from D-mannose (2) by using a 

regioselective reductive ring opening of pentylidene ketal, a Knoevenagel condensation and an 

intermolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction as key reactions. The intermediate 5 could be 

transformed to oseltamivir phosphate (1) by the method described in the literature (ref.3). 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of oseltamivir phosphate (1) was accomplished in 19 steps starting from the cheap 

and abundant D-mannose (2). The key feature of the synthesis was a regioselective reductive ring 

opening of pentylidene ketal, a Knoevenagel condensation and an intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth- 

Emmons reaction. 

Keywords: oseltamivir, mannose, reductive ring opening, Knoevenagel condensation, 

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction 


1. Fleet, G. W. J.; Shing, T. K. M.; Warr, S. M. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1984, 905-908. 

2. Katayama, M.; Nagase, R.; Mitarai, K.; Misaki, T.; Tanabe, Y. Synlett, 2006, 129-132. 

3. Ko, J. S.; Keum, J. E.; Ko, S. Y. J. Org. Chem., 2010, 75, 7006–7009. 

Nutthawat Chuanopparat (ณัฐวัชร เชื้อนพรัตน) Ph.D. Student 


Thammasat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 


S2-P130 

Synthesis of Tamiflu from D-Glucose 

Sunisa Akkarasamiyo, Ngampong Kongkathip and Boonsong Kongkathip 




Tamiflu is a potent neuraminidase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of influenza A (H5N1 

and H1N1) infection. Due to a global influenza pandemic, many nations have plans to stock a 

significant amount of this compound in case of a possible influenza outbreak. Consequently, there has 

been intense effort from the chemical community in developing alternative approaches which start 

from cheap and readily available substrates. In our laboratory, the synthesis was started from low cost 

commercial available D-glucose. 

Methods and Results 

The synthetic methodologies of Tamiflu were summarized in scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Conclusion 

Tamiflu could be synthesized from D-glucose by using aldol condensation and Horner- 

Wadsworth-Emmons olefination as key steps. 

Keywords: Tamiflu, D-glucose, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination 


1. Ma, J.; Zhao, Y.; Ng, S.; Zhang, J.; Zeng, J.; Than, A.; Chen, P.; Liu, X. W. Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 

4533–4540. 

2. Shie, J. J.; Fang, J. M.; Wang, S. Y.; Tsai, K. C.; Cheng, Y. S. E.; Yang, A. S.; Hsiao, S. C.; Su, C. Y.; 

Wong, C. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 11892-11893. 

Sunisa Akkarasamiyo (สุนิสา อัคคะรัสมิโย) Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Ratchaburi, Thailand 

Silpakorn University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2006 

Silpakorn University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 


S2-P131 

Plant Growth Regulating Action of 5-Ecdysteroid Analogue 

Darunee Chenkan, a Sureeporn Homvisasevongsa, b Yasutomo Takeuchi c and Apichart Suksamrarn a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 


b Devision of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut 

Prakarn10540, Thailand. 

c Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan. 


In our previous study, removal of the double bond at ring B of the ecdysteroid 20- 

hydroxyecdysone (1) to yield the 7,8-dihydro analogue 2, which exhibited weak plant growth 

promoting activity. The result indicated that the absence of the double bond at ring B of the 

ecdysteroid 1 to the analogue 2, the saturated B-ring of the plant growth promoter castasterone (3) 

type, which showed plant growth promoting activity. It was interesting to further modify the 

ecdysteroid structure towards brassinosteroid structure, for example, to modify the cis-A/B ring of 

ecdysteroid to the trans-A/B ring in brassinosteroid to see whether increase in plant growth promoting 

activity would be observed. 

Methods 

Hydrogenation of compound 1 in the presence of sodium nitrite yielded the 5-ecdysteroid 

analogue 2. C-5 epimerization of 2 to the analogue, 7,8-dihydro-5,8-20-hydroxyecdysone (4), 

was achieved by treating 2 with a base as shown on the scheme. The growth regulating action of ecdysteroid 

analogue 4 on mungbeans (Vigna radiana L. Wilczek) was investigated. 

Results 

Compound 4 exhibited significant elongation property of mungbean hypocotyls. At 

concentrations of 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 and 10 -8 M, the lengths of mungbean hypocotyls were 38.27 ± 1.84, 

37.23 ±1.37, 32.47 ±1.19 and 36.03 ±1.41 cm, respectively, whereas those of the potent plant growth 

promoter brassinolide were 13.33 ±0.73, 19.77 ±0.81, 37.50 ±2.39 and 31.83 ±1.54 cm, respectively, 

and that of the negative control (water) was 10.83 ±0.27. 

Conclusion 

The 5-ecdysteroid analogue 2 exhibited significantly high elongation effect on mungbean 

hypocotyls and was superior to brassinolide, the potent plant growth promoter. The results indicated 

that the absence of an unsaturated bond at the B ring as well as the existence of trans-A/B ring system 

are essential features for plant growth promoting activity. 

Keywords: plant growth promoting activity, Vigna radiana, 5-ecdysteroid analogue, brassinisteroid 


1. Suksamrarn, A.; Tanachatchairatana, T.; Sirigarn, C. Tetrahedron, 2002, 58, 6033-6037. 

2. Suksamrarn, A.; Homvisasevongsa, S.; Yasutomo, T. Ecdysteroid analogues with plant growth promoting 

activity. Thai Patent Application, No. 1001001633, 20 October 2010. 

Darunee Chenkan (ดรุณี เจนการ) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P132 

Jian Zhang and Soon Hyeok Hong 

Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Simple Diols 




Cyclic imides are important building blocks for natural products and drugs. Despite their wide 

applicability, available routes for the synthesis of cyclic imides from readily available starting 

materials are limited. Herein, we report the direct cyclic imide synthesis from simple diols using an 

in-situ-generated ruthenium catalyst. 

Methods 

RuH 2 (PPh 3 ) 4 (28 mg, 0.025 mmol), 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium bromide (5.8 mg, 0.025 mmol), 

NaH (2.4 mg, 0.10 mmol), and CH 3 CN (1.2 mL, 0.025 mmol) were placed in an oven-dried Schlenk 

tube inside the glove box before toluene (0.5 mL) was added to the mixture. The Schlenk tube was 

taken out of the glove box and heated to reflux in an oil bath under an argon atmosphere. The flask 

was removed from the oil bath after 20 min and a diol (0.50 mmol) and an amine (0.55 mmol) were 

added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux under a flow of argon to facilitate the removal of 

hydrogen for 24 h before being cooled down to room temperature. All the volatiles were removed 

under vacuum. Purification of the crude product was performed by column chromatography on silica 

gel. 

Results 

Cyclic imides including succinimides, phthalimides and glutarimides can be synthesized directly 

from simple diols using an in-situ-generate ruthenium-hydride-based catalytic system. 

R 1 

R 2 

OH 

OH 

O 

R 4 R 

[Ru] 

1 

succinimides 

R 3 

+ R 3 NH N 

phthalimides 

2 

- 4H 2 

R R 2 

4 glutarimides 

O 

22 examples, 36-88% yields 

Conclusion 

It is demonstrated that cyclic imides can be synthesized directly from simple diols using an 

in-situ-generated ruthenium catalytic system. This atom economical and operatively simple method 

will provide an alternative approach for the synthesis of important cyclic imides. 

Keywords: diols, homogeneous catalysis, imides, N-heterocyclic carbenes, ruthenium 


1. Zhang, J.; Muthaiah, S.; Ghosh, S. C.; Hong, S. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 6391-6395. 

Jian Zhang, Ph.D. Student 

Nankai University, China, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2006 

Central South University, China, Applied Chemistry, B. En. 2003 

Research field: organic chemistry and synthesis

S2-P133 

Synthetic Strategy to α-gem-Difluoromethylenated Bicyclic Compounds 

Teerachai Punirun, Chutima Kuhakarn, Vichai Reutrakul, Darunee Soorukram and Manat Pohmakotr 




The present work aims to study the synthesis of bicyclic compounds 4 containing a 

gem-difluoromethylene moiety. The strategy entails a fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic 

gem-difluoromethylation of cyclic ketones 2 employing PhSCF 2 SiMe 3 (1) to afford gem-difluorinated 

adducts 3. Intramolecular radical cyclization of adducts 3 with Bu 3 SnH/AIBN gave gem-difluorinated 

bicyclic compounds 4. 

Methods 

Results 

The successful results for the fluoride-catalyzed difluoromethylation of 1 with cyclic ketones 2 

were obtained to afford the corresponding adducts of types 3 in 72-91% yields. Intramolecular radical 

cyclization of adducts 3 with Bu 3 SnH/AIBN gave gem-difluorinated bicyclic compounds 4 in 68-95% 

yields. 

Conclusion 

The synthetic strategy illustrates the utility of fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic 

gem-difluoromethylation and intramolecular radical cyclization. We believe that this strategy can be 

tailored to the preparation of varieties of biologically active compound that containing 

gem-difluoromethylene moiety. 

Keywords: gem-difluoromethylation, α,α-difluoro-α-phenylsulfanyl-α-trimethylsilylmethane, 

intramolecular radical cyclization 


1. Pohmakotr, M.; Panichakul, D.; Tuchinda, P.; Reutrakul, V. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 9429–9436. 

2. Bootwicha, T.; Panichakul, D.; Kuhakarn, C.; Prabpai, S.; Kongsaeree, P.; Tuchinda, T.; Reutrakul, V.; 

Pohmakotr, M. J. Org. Chem., 2009, 74, 3798–3805. 

Teerachai Punirun (ธีรชัย ภูนิรันดร) M.Sc. Student 


Thammasat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2006 


S2-P134 

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Eudesmadiene-12,6-olide 

Yu-Yu Chou a,b and Chun-Chen Liao a,b 

a Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan. 

b Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. 

Recent synthetic efforts in our laboratory were focused on the utilization of masked o- 

benzoquinones (MOBs) and demonstrated that MOBs are valuable intermediates in organic 

synthesis. 1 Among these, we have developed several strategies to construct various natural product 

skeletons, including cis-decalins, 2,3 bicyclo[4.2.2]decenones, 2a,4 iridoids, 5 triquinanes 6 and 

tricyclo[5.3.1.0 3,8 ]undecanes. 7 

Recently, we have reported exciting results of homochiral furans for facile Diels-Alder reactions 

of MOBs with excellent enantioselectivities. 8 Utilizing this protocol as one of the key steps, we have 

interested to start a total synthesis of (+)-eudesmodiene-12,6-olide (1) (Scheme 1). We propose to 

complete the total synthesis of this natural product in due course by a few simple synthetic 

transformations of the natural product synthesis. 

Scheme 1 

Keywords: masked o-benzoquinones (MOBs), intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions, anionic oxy- 

Cope rearrangement, cis-decalin, (+)-eudesmodiene-12,6-olide. 


1. (a) Liao, C.-C.; Peddinti, R. K. Acc. Chem. Res., 2002, 856. (b) Liao,C.-C. Pure Appl. Chem., 2005, 77, 

1221. 

2. (a) Chen, C.-H.; Peddinti, R. K.; Rao, N. S. K.; Liao, C.-C. J. Org. Chem., 2004, 69, 5365. (b) Hsu, P.-Y.; 

Peddinti, R. K.; Chittimalla, S. K.; Liao, C.-C. J. Org. Chem., 2005, 70, 9156. 

3. Hsu, D.-S.; Liao, C.-C. Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 4741. 

4. Liu, W.-C.; Liao, C.-C. Chem. Commun., 1999, 117. 

5. Liao, C.-C.; Wei, C.-P. Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 2255. 

6. Hsu, D.-S.; Chou, Y.-Y.; Tung, Y.-S.; Liao, C.-C. Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 3121. 

7. Hsu, D.-S.; Liao C.-C, Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 4563. 

8. Chou, Y.-Y.; Peddinti, R. K.; Liao, C.-C. Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 1637. 

Yu-Yu Chou ( 周宥佑 ) 

b. 1977 in Taiwan 

National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2000 

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2002 

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Organic Chemistry, Ph.D. 2010 

Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan, Post-doctor (2010-present) 

Research Interests: organic synthesis, organic photochemistry, asymmetric synthesis

S2-P135 

Fluoride-catalyzed Addition of PhSCF 2 TMS to Succinic Anhydrides: 

Synthetic Approach to gem-Difluoromethylated -Lactams 

Vannapha Pharikronburee, Darunee Soorukram, Chutima Kuhakarn, Vichai Reutrakul and 

Manat Pohmakotr 




Preparation of gem-difluoromethylated adducts 3 and/or 4 via fluoride-catalyzed 

phenylsulfanyldifluoromethylation by using PhSCF 2 TMS (1) was studied. gem-Difluorophenylsulfanyl 

adducts 3 and/or 4 will be used as precursors for preparation of gem-difluoromethylated -lactams 6. 

Methods 

Results 

gem-Difluorophenylsulfanylmethylated adducts 3 and/or 4 were obtained via fluoride-catalyzed 

phenylsulfanyldifluoromethylation of anhydrides 2 in moderate to good yields. These adducts were 

used as precursors for the preparation of gem-difluoromethylated -lactams 6. 

Conclusion 

This synthetic strategy demonstrated that gem-difluorophenylsulfanyl -lactams 6 can be 

synthesized from anhydrides via fluoride-catalyzed nucleophilic gem-difluorophenylsulfanylmethylation, 

lactamization and reduction in moderate to good yields. 

Keywords: succinic anhydrides, difluoromethylation, gem-difluoromethylated -lactams 


1. Prakash, G. K. S.; Hu, J.; Wang, Y.; Olah, G. A. J. Fluorine Chem., 2005, 126, 527-532. 

2. Portella, C.; Briguad, T.; Lefebure, O.; Plantier-Royon, R. J. Fluorine Chem., 2000, 101, 193-198. 

Vannapha Pharikronburee (วรรณภา ไพรครบุรี) M.Sc. Student 




S2-P136 

Microwave-accelerated Preparation of 

5-Ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl-[α,α,β,β-H 4 ]- and [α,α,β,β-D 4 ]-Tryptamines 

Ruchanok Tearavarich, a Viwat Hahnvajanawong a and Simon D. Brandt b 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. 


The increased interest in N,N-dialkyl tryptamines is a reflection of their diverse range of biologically 

active properties. Deuterated derivatives are of interest for use as internal standards in bioanalytical or 

pharmacological assays. The present study reports on the synthesis of twelve novel 5-ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl- 

[α,α,β,β-H 4 ]-tryptamines and their [α,α,β,β-D 4 ]-counterparts following the Speeter and Anthony procedure. 

The final reduction step was carried out under microwave-accelerated conditions. 

Methods 

The procedure of Speeter and Anthony for the synthesis of the tryptamines target compounds is 

illustrated in Scheme I. The reduction step was carried out under microwave conditions using THF as the 

solvent at 150 C. 

Results 

Twelve novel 5-ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl-[α,α,β,β-H 4 ]-tryptamines (5a-l) and twelve 5-ethoxy-N,N-dialkyl- 

[α,α,β,β-D 4 ]-tryptamines (6a-l) were obtained in good yields. Normally time-consuming reduction step 

was carried out in 5 min under microwave-accelerated conditions 

%Yield 

R 1 R 2 4 5 6 

a Me Me 61 70 73 

b Et Et 42 70 80 

c Pr Pr 68 67 70 

d iPr iPr 35 80 77 

e Allyl Allyl 65 80 83 

f Me Pr 74 67 83 

g Me iPr 45 76 83 

h Et iPr 74 57 87 

I Me Et 61 71 70 

j Et Pr 77 80 80 

k 2-Me-allyl Et 68 88 73 

l Allyl Cyclohexl 52 90 87 

Conclusion 

Twenty-four tryptamines were obtained using the Speeter and Anthony procedure. Rapid metal 

hydride or deuteride under microwave conditions resulted in good yields of final products. Final products 

were obtained under microwave conditions within 5 min. 

Keywords: tryptamines, microwaves, deuteration 


1. Speeter, M. E.; Anthony, W. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, 76, 6208. 

2. Hayes, B. L. Microwave Synthesis; Chemistry at the Speed of Light. CEM Publishing, Matthews, 2002, 1-229. 

3. Brandt, S. D.; Tirunarayanapuram, S. S.; Freeman, S.; Dempster, N.; Barker, S. A.; Daley, P. F.; Cozzi, N. 

V.; Martins, C. P. B. J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm., 2008, 51, 423-429. 

Ruchanok Tearavarich (รัชนก เธียรวาริช) Ph.D. Student 





S2-P137 

Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction of Chiral Polyhydroxylated 

Cyclopentenones 

Chonticha Masusai, Darunee Soorakram, Chutima Kuhakarn, Vichai Reutrakul and Manat Pohmakotr 




The Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of chiral polyhydroxylated cyclopentenones 1, which was 

prepared from chiral ester 4, will be investigated. It is expected to give chiral adducts 2, which may 

be used as key compounds for preparing some chiral highly polyhydroxylated cyclopentenones 3 and 

polyhydroxylated cyclopentenoid natural products. 

Methods 

MeO 

O 

OMe 

O O 4 steps 

OMe 

4 

X 

O 

O O 

OMe 

OMe 

1aA :X=OH 

1aB : X=OH (epimer of 1aA) 

1b :X=H 

RCHO, PBu 3 , phenol, 

THF, degassed, rt, 1 day 

R 

X 

O 

OH 

O O 

OMe 

OMe 

2aA :X=OH 

2aB : X=OH (epimer of 2aA) 

2b :X=H 

X 

R 

OH 

O 

3 

OH OH 

Some Cyclopentenoids 

Results 

The chiral polyhydroxylated cyclopentenones 1 was prepared from chiral ester 4. 1 Under the 

optimized condition, a variety of substituted aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were examined for the 

Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction provided moderate to excellent yields and moderate to excellent 

diastereoselectivity. 

Conclusion 

The Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction between chiral polyhydroxylated cyclopentenones 1aA, 1aB 

and 1b and varieties of aldehydes provided the corresponding MBH adducts in moderate to excellent 

yield with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. 

Keywords: Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, MBH adduct, chiral polyhydroxylated cyclopentenone 


1. Pohmakotr, M.; Kambutong, S.; Tuchinda, P.; Kuhakarn, C. Tetrahedron, 2008, 64, 6315–6323. 

2. Pohmakotr, M.; Thamapipol, S.; Tuchinda, P.; Prabpai, S.; Kongsaeree, P.; Reutrakul, V. J. Org. Chem., 

2007, 72, 5418–5420. 

Chonticha Masusai (ชลธิชา มะสุใส) Ph.D. Student 

b 1975 in Nakhon phanom, Thailand 


Khonkaen University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2002 

Research field: organic synthesis of natural products

S2-P138 

Camphorquinone-mediated Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation by 

Oxidation-reduction Condensation 

Parinthorn Temyarasilp and Wanchai Pluempanupat 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 

50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Oxidation-reduction condensation is now as one of very convenient and useful synthetic reaction 

in organic synthesis. Various esters, ether and nitrile can be prepared under mild conditions. 

To study the effect of carbon-sulfur bond formation by oxidation-reduction condensation using a 

new alkyl diphenylphosphinite and 1,2-dicarbonyl compound in one pot. 

Methods 

To a stirred solution of alcohol (1.0 mmol) in dry CHCl 3 was added NEt 3 followed by Ph 2 PCl 

under a N 2 atmosphere. After the solution was stirred at RT for 2 h, HSBtz and camphorquinone were 

added respectively. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 9 h. Then reaction mixture was quench 

by adding water and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combine organic layer was 

dried over anh.Na 2 SO 4 . After filtration and evaporation, the resulting residue was purified by 

preparative TLC to afford the desired product 

Results 

The optimized condition that provided the corresponding the sulfide in moderate to high yield, is 

shown in the reaction below. 

ROH 

NEt 3 (1.2 eq.) 

Ph 2 PCl (1.2 eq) 

1 M CHCl 3 

RT, 2 h 

ROPPh 2 

HSBtz (0.5 eq), 

Camphorquinone (1.0 eq) 

1 M CHCl 3 

RT, 9 h 

RSBtz 

Conclusion 

Camphorquinone was disclosed as a new and efficient oxidant for carbon-sulfur bond formation 

using alkyl diphenylphosphinite and sulphur nucleophile under mild condition. 

Keywords: oxidation-reduction condensation, alkyl diphenylphosphinite, camphorquinone, carbonsulfur 

bond formation 


1. Kuroda, K.; Maruyama, Y.; Hayashi, Y.; Mukaiyama, T. Chem. Lett., 2008, 37, 856-837. 

2. Ikegai, K.; Pluempanupat, W.; Mukaiyama, T. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 2006, 79, 780-790. 

Parinthorn Temyarasilp (ปรินทร เต็มญารศิลป) Ph.D. Student 



Kasetsart University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 


S2-P139 

Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones by the Reaction of Aryl Sulfinates with 

Alkenes and Alkynes 

Praewpan Katrun, Supanimit Chiampanichayakul, Manat Pohmakotr, Vichai Reutrakul and 

Chutima Kuhakarn 




Vinyl sulfones are important units in organic synthesis due to the chemical versatility of the 

sulfonyl moiety. During the past two decades, the synthetic application of hypervalent iodine reagents 

in organic synthesis are well recognized owing to their mild, highly selective, and environmentally 

benign properties for effecting a number of oxidative transformations. 

This study aims to develop a convenient protocol for the synthesis of vinyl sulfones by using 

DIB/KI-mediated reaction of aryl sulfinates with alkenes and alkynes. 

Methods 

DIB was added to a suspension of the alkene or alkyne, sodium arenesulfinate, and KI in CH 3 CN, 

and the reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The residue was purified 

by column chromatography to furnish an analytically pure vinyl sulfone. 

Results 

The standard reaction conditions for the oxidative sulfonylation of alkenes or alkynes (0.5 mmol) 

with sodium arenesulfinate (4 equiv) to vinyl sulfones employed (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (DIB) (1.5 

equiv) and KI (1 equiv) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at room temperature. The scope of the reaction was 

demonstrated by varying alkene or alkyne substrates. 

Conclusion 

A simple and mild reaction conditions of a combination of DIB/KI to promote the reaction of 

sodium arenesulfinates with alkenes or alkynes afforded vinyl sulfones or β-iodovinylsulfones which 

are an important class of compounds in organic chemistry in moderate to good yield. 

Keywords: vinyl sulfones, (diacetoxyiodo)benzene, hypervalent iodine 


1. Zhdankin, V. V. Arkivoc, 2009, (i), 1-62. 

2. Nair, V.; Augustine, A.; Suja, T. D. Synthesis, 2002, 2259-2265. 

Praewpan Katrun (แพรวพรรณ กาศรุณ) M.Sc. Student 




Research field: synthetic methodology for organic synthesis

S2-P140 

Molecular Iodine Mediated the Reaction of Aryl Sulfinates with 

Alkenes and Alkynes: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones 

Tassaporn Sawangphon, Manat Pohmakotr, Vichai Reutrakul, Thaworn Jaipetch and 

Chutima Kuhakarn 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, 



Vinyl sulfones are widely used as intermediates in organic synthesis due to the chemical 

versatility of the sulfone moiety. Synthesis of vinyl sulfones by using environmentally benign reagent, 

one-step reaction, a short reacton time, and mild reaction conditions is desirable. 

In this work, the synthesis of vinyl sulfones from the reaction of aryl sulfinates with alkenes and 

alkynes by using molecular iodine as a reagent was studied. 

Methods 

Iodine was added to a suspension of styrene (1), sodium p-toluenesulfinate (p-TolSO 2 Na) and 

sodium acetate (NaOAc) in THF and the reaction mixture was vigorously stirred at refluxing 

temperature for 1 h. 

Results 

Iodine was found to promote the reaction of styrene with p-TolSO 2 Na and NaOAc in THF leading 

to the corresponding vinyl sulfones (2) in good to excellent yields. Alkynes underwent similar 

reaction to provide β-iodovinyl sulfones (4) in good yields. 

Conclusion 

We have developed an efficient one-pot procedure for synthesis of vinyl sulfones, which employs 

an inexpensive molecular iodine as a reagent. The experimental simplicity and mild reaction 

conditions would make this protocol found useful to organic comunity. 

Keywords: vinyl sulfones, iodine 


1. Katrun, P.; Chiampanichakul, S.; Korworapan, K.; Pohmakotr, M.; Reutrakul, V.; Kuhakarn, C. Eur. J. 

Org. Chem., 2010, 5633-5641. 

2. Nájera, C.; Baldó, B.; Yus, M. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1988, 1029-1032. 

Tassaporn Sawangphon (ทัศพร แสวงผล) M.Sc. Student 


Ubonratchatanee University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 



S2-P141 

Difluorophenylsulfanylmethane: A New Alternative Electrophilic 

Formylating Agent of Aromatic Compounds in HFIP 

Sopanat Kongsriprapan,Nolan Betterley, Manat Pohmakotr, Patoomratana Tuchinda, Chutima Kuhakarn 

and Vichai Reutrakul 




Over the last years, fluorinated alcohols such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) has 

been shown to display unique properties as solvents, co-solvents and additives in synthetic chemistry. 

In this work, a new alternative method for generating a formyl group onto aromactic and 

heteroaromatic compounds by using difluorophenylsulfanylmethane in the presence of mild Lewis 

acid in HFIP was studied. 

Methods 

A mixture of difluorophenylsulfanylmethane and aromatic (heteroaromatic) compounds in HFIP 

was treated with mild Lewis acid such as Bi(OTf) 3 , Sc(OTf) 3 , In(OTf) 3 and Hf(OTf) 4 under an argon 

atmosphere and the reaction mixture was stirred at refluxing temperature. After 2 h, the reaction was 

exposed to oxidative quench employing IBX (1.5 equiv) in 3:1 of DMSO : H 2 O, rt, 4 h followed by 

conventional aqueous workup, to yield the aromatic aldehyde, after chromatographic purification. 

Results 

Reaction of difluorophenylsulfanylmethane with mild Lewis acid led to the formation of 

intermediate that readily underwent reaction with a wide range of electron-rich nucleophilic aromatic 

(heteroaromatic) substrates to afford, after oxidative hydrolysis of the initially formed adducts, 

moderate to good yields of the corresponding aromatic aldehyde products. 

Conclusion 

The synthetic potential of difluorophenylsulfanylmethane as synthetic equivalent to formyl group 

was demonstrated through the formylation reaction of electron rich aromatic compounds. The reaction 

readily proceeded at refluxing temperature by using mild Lewis acids in HFIP. 

F 

F 

H 

SPh 

O 

H 

Keywords: difluorophenylsulfanylmethane, formylation, HFIP 


1. Hine, J.; Porter, J. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5493-5496. 

2. Reutrakul, V.; Thongpaisanwong, T.; Tuchinda, P.; Kuhakarn, C.; Pohmakotr, M. J. Org. Chem., 2004, 69, 

6913-6915. 

3. Crousse, B.; Delpon D. B. Synlett, 2004, 18-29. 

4. Borner, A.; Dubrovina N. V.; Shuklov I. A. Synthesis, 2007, 2925-2943. 

Sopanat Kongsriprapan (โสภณัฐ คงศรีประพันธุ) Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, Ph.D. 2004-present 


S2-P142 

Efficient Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepines and 

2-Vinyl Indolines via Gold Catalyzed Cyclization of 

2-Tosylaminophenyl Cyclopropyl Methanols 

Dewi Susanti, Prasath Kothandaraman, Chuhui Huang and Philip Wai Hong Chan 




In this project, we seek to expand the scope of gold-mediated reactions to alcohol proelectrophiles 

1 as the basis for developing new strategies to 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]zazepines and 2- 

vinyl indoline derivatives. Herein, we report a versatile and efficient gold-catalyzed methodology for 

the synthesis of dihydrobenzazepines and indolines via intramolecular ring-opening and cyclization of 

2-tosylaminophenylcyclopropyl methanols. 

Methods 

The anhydrous toluene solution (2 mL) containing (2-aminophenyl)-cyclopropyl methanol (0.2 

mmol) was added drop-wise into a solution of (4-CF 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 PAuCl (10 µmol) and AgOTf (10 µmol) 

and the reaction mixture was heated at 120 °C. Upon completion, the reaction mixture was 

concentrated and chromatographed to give the desired product. 

Results 

Intramolecular cyclization of intermediates derived from unactivated cyclopropyl methanols 

furnished the 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]zazepines. On the other hand, intramolecular hydroamination 

of intermediates derived from activated cyclopropyl methanols gave the 2-vinyl indoline products. 

Conclusion 

We have shown efficient synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]zazepines and 2-vinyl indolines. 

Uniquely, the reactions were found to only proceed efficiently and with complete control of product 

chemoselectivity for a wide variety of starting alcohols in the presence of the combined gold and 

silver catalyst system. 

Keywords: gold catalysis, 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]zazepines, 2-vinyl indolines, unsaturated 

alcohols, cycloisomerization. 


1. Kothandaraman, P.; Rao, W.; Foo, S. J.; Chan, P. W. H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 4619. 

Dewi Susanti, Ph.D. Student 

b 1988 in Medan, Indonesia 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2010 

Research field: Lewis acid catalysis

S2-P143 

Rhodium-catalyzed Homocoupling of (1-Acyloxyvinyl)silanes: 

Synthesis of 1,3-Diene-2,3-diyl Diesters and Their Derivatives 

Yanni Yue and Motoki Yamane 




1,3-Dienes are an important class of compounds that occur in many natural products 2 . Among 

them, acyloxy- or alkoxy-substituted dienes are attractive tools especially for the synthesis of cyclic 

compounds via Diels–Alder reaction. 3 By following our work [RhCl(CO) 2 ] 2 -catalyzed cross-coupling 

reaction of triorgano(vinyl)silane and acid anhydride 4 , we decided to investigate formation of 1,3- 

diene-2,3-diyl diester, which possesses two acyloxy groups using [RhCl(CO) 2 ] 2 -catalyzed homocoupling 

reaction. 

Methods 

To a solution of the corresponding vinylsilane 1 (0.2 mmol) and [RhCl(CO) 2 ] 2 (3.9 mg, 0.01 

mmol, 5 mol%) in toluene (2 mL) was added hexachloropropan-2-one (91 µL, 0.6 mmol). The 

reaction mixture was heated at 80 °C, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After confirming the 

complete consumption of the vinylsilane 1, volatile materials were removed under reduced pressure, 

and the crude residue was purified by preparative TLC (silica gel, hexane– EtOAc = 5:1). 

Results 

Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of (1-acyloxyvinyl)silanes is accomplished to abtain 

1,3-diene-2,3-diyl diesters. Futher chemical transformation of the product provides an easy and 

efficient way to synthesize symmetrical α-diketone and its mono-protected form. 

Conclusion 

The first Rh-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling of 1-acyloxyvinylsilane has been developed. The 

homocoupling provided 1,3-diene-2,3-diyl diester which is difficult to obtain by the conventional 

methods. Finally we could further transform 1,3-diene-2,3-diyl diester to diketone and α,α-methoxy 

ketone. 

Keywords: homocoupling, rhodium catalyst, vinylsilane, vinyl ester, diene 


1. Yanni Y.; Hiroki Y.; Motoki Y. Synlett, 2009, 17, 2831. 

2. Stille, J. K.; Groh, B. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 813. 

3. Fringuelli, F.; Taticci, A. Dienes in the Diels–Alder Reaction; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1990. 

4. Yamane, M.; Uera, K.; Narasaka, K. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 2005, 78, 477.2 

Yanni Yue, Ph.D. Student 

b 1983 in Shan Dong, China 

Soochow University, China, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 

Soochow University, China, Analytical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 


S2-P144 

Palladium(0) Mediated Heck-type Reactions of 

(Bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene 

Nakin Surapanich, Manat Pohmakotr, Chutima Kuhakarn and Vichai Reutrakul 




Progress in synthetic fluorine chemistry has been critical to the development of these fields and 

has led to the invention of many novel fluorinated molecules as future drugs and materials. 

This work aims to study the reaction of (bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene (1) catalyzed by 

Pd(Ph 3 P) 4 . 

Methods 

An oven-dried round-bottom flask with a magnetic stir-bar was charged with Pd(Ph 3 P) 4 , 

(bromodifluoromethylsufonyl)benzene, and K 2 CO 3 . The reaction flask was capped with a rubber 

septum and then evacuated and backfilled with argon gas. A solution of 4-chlorostyrene in toluene 

was added through the septum via syringe. The resulting mixture was heated at 100 o C with vigorous 

stirring for 4 h. 

Results 

Under the optimized reaction conditions, (E)-1-chloro-4-(3,3-difluoro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)prop-1- 

enyl)benzene (3a) could be obtained in 60% yield. The reactions using a variety of structurally 

different substrates were also carried out. 

Conclusion 

Reactions of (bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene (1) with various styrene derivatives 

catalyzed by Pd(Ph 3 P) 4 proceeded to afford products 3a-f. The corresponding variable yields were 

observed depending on the electronic property of the substituents on the aromatic ring of the styrene 

derivatives. 

Keywords: Heck reactions, (bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene 


1. Heck, R. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 146-151. 

2. Beleltskaya, I. P.; Cheprakov, A. V. Chem. Rev., 2000, 3009-3066. 

Nakin Surapanich (นคินทร สุรพานิช) Ph.D. Student 

b 1976 in Chainat, Thailand 

Ubonratchatanee University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2000 



S2-P145 

Synthesis of Pterosin A via Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions 

Shao-Chian Hsu, a Feng-Lin Hsu b and Biing-Jiun Uang a 

a Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 

b Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 

Pterosin family are sesquiterpenoids that existed in Bracken. Some pterosins have been shown to 

possess biological activity including antineoplastic, antibacterial and cytotoxicity. In the course of 

intensive biological study, we need substantial amount of Pterosin A 6. Here, we report a concise 

synthesis of pterosin A. 

Our synthesis started from the commercial available 2-bromo-1,3-xylene 1. Bromoindanone 2 

was obtained after Friedel-Craft acylation and cyclization reaction of 1 followed by functionalization 

of C2. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of bromoindanone 2 with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate to give 

vinyl derivative 3 was achieved by using the methodology established by Molander’s group in high 

yield. Hydroboration/oxidantion of 4 gave 5 in good yield. Pterosin A 6 was obtained by the oxidation 

of benzilic alcohol group and deprotecting of silyl ether groups in 5. 

Br 

steps 

Br 

Me 

O 

CO 2 Et 

VinylBF 3 K 

PPh 3 , CsCO 3 

THF/H 2 O 

Me 

Me 85 0 C, 48hr Me 

Me 

(1) (2) 90% 

(3) 

Me 

Me 

(4) 

OH 

OTES 

Me 

1.Cy 2 BH, then 

H 2 O 2 and NaOH(aq) 

2.TIPSCl, Imid. 

TIPSO 

Me 

Me 

Me 

(5) 

O 

OH 

CO 2 Et 

Me 

OTES 

Me 

HO 

Me 

Me 

O 

Pterosin A (6) 

OH 

Me 


1. Hsu, F.-L.; Liu, S.-H.; Unag, B.-J. WO 2010/085811 A2. 

2. Farrell, R.; Kelleher, F.; Sheridan, H. J. Nat. Prod., 1996, 59, 446-447. 

3. Molander, G.-A.; Brown, A.-R. J. Org. Chem., 2006, 71, 9681-9686.

S2-P146 

Synthesis of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 

Siriporn Kongniyai, a Uthaiwan Sirion b and Ekaruth Srisook a 

a Center for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Thailand. 


Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, is usually produced by transesterification of vegetable oil or 

animal fats with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Conventionally, this reaction is carried out 

using homogeneous acid or base catalysts, such as H 2 SO 4 , KOH, NaOH. However, these catalysts are 

corrosive and are not easily recovered. These SO 3 H-functionalized ionic liquids have exhibited great 

potential in replacement of conventional heterogeneous acidic catalysts. 

In this study, SO 3 H-functionalized ionic liquids with various cations and Merrifield’s resinsupported 

SO 3 H-functionalized ionic liquids were prepared and investigated for the transesterification 

of palm oil with methanol. 

Methods 

1) Ionic liquids were prepared from the reaction between 1-methlyimidazole and 1,4- 

buthansultone and consequently acidified with organic acid. 2) Merrifield’s resin-supported SO 3 H- 

functionalized ionic liquids were prepared from Merrifield’s resin reacted with imidazole and 1,4- 

buthansultone, respectively. Finally, SO 3 

- 

group was changed to SO 3 H group with p-TsOH. 3) 

Biodiesel production from palm oil and MeOH using synthesized ionic liquids or resin was 

investigated. The yield of product was analyzed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. 

Results 

1) Five types ionic liquids could be synthesized as [Hmim] + TsO - [bmim] + BF - 4 , [bmim] + HSO - 4 , 

[SO 3 Hbmim] + HSO - 4 and [SO 3 Hbmim] + TsO - . 2) Merrifield’s resin-supported with different ILs such 

as [bim] + - 

HSO 4 resin, [SO 3 Hbmim] + - 

HSO 4 resin and [SO 3 Hbmim] + TsO - resin were synthesized 

successfully. 3) Transesterification of palm oil with MeOH to biodiesel was carried out in the 

presence of SO 3 H-functionalized ILs with various cations and Merrifield’s resin-supported SO 3 H- 

functionalized ILs. [SO 3 HBMIm] + TsO - showed the best catalytic performance under optimized 

condition. Merrifield’s resin-supported [SO 3 HBMIm] + TsO - also had catalytic activity for synthesis of 

biodiesel. 

Conclusion 

In conclusion, Merrifield’s resin-supported SO 3 H-functionalized ILs could be catalyzed the 

biodiesel production reaction and easily removed from product mixture. 

Keywords: resin, ionic liquid, transesterification, biodiesel. 


1. Gui, J.; Cong, X.; Liu, D.; Zhang, X.; Hu, Z.; Sun, Z. Catal. Comm., 2004, 5, 473-477. 

2. Feng Y.; He, B.; Cao, Y.; Li, J.; Liu, M.; Yan, F.; Liang, X. Biores. Technol., 2010, 101, 1518-1521. 

Siriporn Kongniyai (สิริพร คงนิยาย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in phanakornsriayuttaya, Thailand 



S2-P147 

A New Fluorine-containing Chiral Derivatizing Agent for 

Determination of Absolute Configuration of Secondary Alcohols 

Kulvadee Dolsophon, a Jittra Kornsakulkarn, b Chawanee Thongpanchang, b Pattama Pittayakhajonwut b 

and Tienthong Thongpanchang a,b 



b National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 10120, 

Thailand. 


Chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) is used for determining the absolute configuration of chiral 

compound with NMR spectroscopy technique. Due to the overlapping of the signal in 1 H NMR 

spectra, this research thus focused on the synthesis of new fluorine-containing CDA 4 to determine 

the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols by using 19 F NMR spectroscopy technique in order 

to decrease the complexity in the interpreting the 1 H NMR spectra. 

Methods 

The key step of the synthesis of fluorine-containing CDA 4 is Diels-Alder reaction of methyl 

furan-2-carboxylate (1) with fluorobenzyne 2, followed by hydrogenation of compound 3 in the 

presence of Pd/C catalyst and hydrolysis of methyl ester to provide compound 4. 

Results 

The Diels-Alder reaction between furan 1 and fluorobenzyne 2 provided compound 3 in 12% 

yield. Hydrogenation of compound 3 and hydrolysis gave compound 4 in 93% and 77% yield, 

respectively. 

Conclusion 

Compound 4 was successfully prepared via Diels-Alder reaction as the key step. 

Keywords: chiral derivatizing agent, 19 F NMR 


1. Sungsuwan, S.; Ruangsupapichat, N.; Prabpai, S.; Kongsaeree, P.; Thongpanchang, T. Tetrahedron Lett., 

2010, 51, 4965–4967. 

2. Arita, S.; Tetsuya, Y.; Kusumi, T. Chirality, 2003, 15, 609–614. 

Kulvadee Dolsophon (กุลวดี ดลโสภณ) M.Sc. Student 





S2-P148 

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based High-performance 

Space-charge-limited Transistor with Well-ordered Nanoporous 

Aluminum Base Electrode 

Kun-Yang Wu, a Wei-Li Lee b and Yu-Tai Tao a 

a Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R. O. C. 

b Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 115, R. O. C. 


Electronic devices based on organic semiconductors are becoming realistic alternative to inorganic 

devices due to their advantages in low cost, light weight, flexibility and etc. Transistor is a key component 

in most electronic devices. Traditional field-effect transistors based on organic materials suffer from 

generally lower mobilities and current outputs. Space-charge-limited transistors (SCLTs) involve a low 

cost process that offers opportunity to greatly reduce the channel length and improve the current output. 1,2 

In this study, a new methodology is developed to create a large-area and periodically patterned nanoporous 

metal grid to be used as base electrode in SCLT to improve the performance of SCLT. 

Methods 

The SCLT devices fabricated have the structure of ITO/porous Poly(4-vinylphenol)(PVP)/Al 

grid/porous Al 2 O 3 /P3HT/Al, where the ITO is the emitter, the PVP is bottom dielectric layer between 

emitter and base, Al grid is the base, Al 2 O 3 is the top dielectric layer between base and collector and top Al 

is the collector, respectively. The structure of SCLT and SEM image of Al grid structure with periodically 

patterned nanoporous array are shown in Figure 1. 

Figure 1. 

Results 

Large area metal grid with periodically patterned nanopores of diameter 200 nm was made. In the 

SLCT device with poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the channel material, a high current density output of 8.8 

mA/cm 2 with high on/off ratio about 10 4 at a low operation voltage of 1.5V was achieved. 

Conclusion 

The new method based on colloidal lithography provides large area metal grid with nanopores, which 

is successfully used to modulate the current passing through the polymeric semiconductor. The high 

current output can be used to integrate and drive other electronic components, including as light-emitting 

diodes. 

Keywords: organic field-effect transistor, space-charge-limited transistor. 


1. Chao, Y. C.; Meng, H. F.; Horng, S. F. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2006, 88, 223510. 

2. Fujimoto, K.; Hiroi, T.; Kudo, K.; Nakamura, M. Adv. Mater., 2007, 19, 525. 

Kun-Yang Wu, Ph.D student 

b 1980 in Chang Hua, Taiwan 

National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan, Chemical Engineering, B.Sc. 2003 

National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan, Chemical Engineering, M.Sc. 2005 

Research field: surface chemistry and organic optoelectronic materials and devices

S2-P149 

The Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium Complexes with 

Osmium Clusters 

Liu Yu and Leong Weng Kee 



It has been shown that Pd(PBu t 3) 2 readily lost one of its PBu t 3 ligands in solution to form 

Pd(PBu t 3) which readily adds to the metal-metal bonds of polynuclear metal-carbonyl complexes to 

yield a variety of new mixed metal-carbonyl complexes containing palladium. 1-3 As N-heterocyclic 

carbenes (NHCs) are better σ-donors than phosphines, we envisage that Pd(NHC) 2 or Pd(NHC)(PBu t 3) 

will be more basic and hence reactive towards metal-metal bonds. 

We have found that the reaction of (IMes)Pd(PPh 3 ) A or (IMes)Pd(allyl)Cl B with Os 3 (CO) 12 

under various conditions afforded two compounds, 1 and 2 (Scheme 1). In particular, the reaction of 

(IMes)Pd(allyl)Cl at room temperature in DCM and a little iPA led to the formation of 2 in good 

yield. Without the addition of iPA, however, 1 was isolated instead. 

Scheme 1 


1. Adams, R. D.; Captain, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126, 5253-5267. 

2. Adams, R. D.; Captain, B; Smith, M. D. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 6346-6358. 

3. Adams, R. D.; Captain, B; Zhu, L. J. Cluster Sci., 2006, 17, 87-95. 

Liu Yu, Ph.D. Student 

Qingdao University, Chemical Engineering & Technology, B.Eng. 2003 

Harbin Institute of Technology, China, Applied Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: organometallic chemistry

S2-P150 

[3+2] Cycloaddition on Carbohydrate Templates: 

Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines 

Shuting Cai, Bala Kishan Gorityala, Jimei Ma, Min Li Leow, and Xue-Wei Liu 


University, 637371, Singapore. 


Optically pure pyrrolidine derivatives are of interests because they are components of many 

biologically active molecules. 1 Cycloaddition are often employed to synthesize pyrroldines. The 

initial deployment of the auxiliaries in cycloadditions availed α-amino acids and alkaloids. 2 Kunz 

exploited carbohydrates in a Diels-Alder with acrylates, prompting usage of carbohydrates to 

construct diversified stereoselective skeletons. 3 By virtue of the advantages, we aim to achieve 

synthesis of pyrrolidines via a [3+2] cycloaddition between carbohydrate-based allene and imines. 

Methods 

Via a [3+2] cycloaddition between TBS protected carbohydrate-based lithiated allene and imines, 

pyrrolidine derivatives could be obtained. Different Ag and Au catalysts and solvents were screened 

and subsequent cleaving using benzenethiol would afford the pyrrolidinones. 

Results 

A successful [3+2] cycloaddition between tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) protected carbohydratebased 

lithiated allene and imines (aryl, aliphatic substituents) was demonstrated. The reaction 

proceeded to afford good yields (62-80%) and excellent de (90-95% de). Subsequently, the auxiliaries 

were cleaved using to produce highly enantioselective pyrrolidinones (up to >99% ee). 

Conclusion 

Utilizing TBS protected carbohydrate lithiated allene and imines, in AgNO 3 , pyrrolidine 

derivatives were synthesized in good yields and de using [3+2] cycloaddition. Excellent ee were 

obtained after auxiliary removal. Subsequent reduction reinforced the potential of the strategy. 

Keywords: pyrrolidine, carbohydrate, cycloaddition 


1. Domagala, J. M.; Hagen, S. E.; Joannides, T.; Kiely, J. S.; Laborde, E.; Schroeder, M. C.; Sesnie, J. A.; 

Shapiro, M. A.; Suto, M. J.; Vanderroest, S. J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 871-882. 

2. Ager, D. J.; Prakash, I.; Schaad, D. R. Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 835-876. 

3. Kunz, H.; Müller, B.; Schanzenbach, D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 1987, 26, 267-269. 

4. Banaag, A. R.; Tius, M. A. J. Org. Chem., 2008, 73, 8133-8141. 

5. Kaden, S.; Brockmann, M.; Reissig, H. U. Helv. Chim. Acta, 2005, 88, 1826-1838. 

Shuting Cai, Ph.D. Student 

b 1986 in Singapore 

Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: carbohydrates, cycloadditions

S2-P151 

Application of Benzotriazoles as Mild and Stable Esterifying Agents 

Pattajaree Teabsaen, Parinya Theramongkol, Viwat Hahnvajanawong and Chanokporn Phaosiri 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Common route for ester synthesis is the treatment of carboxylic acid or acid halide with alcohol, 

the reaction equilibrium and large excess of reagent they suffer from the problem of reagent handling 

and manipulating the reaction due to the highly reactive nature of the reagents. In order to overcome 

these difficulties we have developed a much milder method for ester synthesis using N- 

acylbenzotriazoles as acylating agents which are stable solids that can easily be stored, handled and 

manipulated. 

Methods 

General method for preparation of ester using N-propionylbenzotriazole; A mixture of 

N-propionylbenzotriazole (1.2 mmol) and alcohol (1 mmol) and anhydrous K 2 CO 3 (2.0 mmol) in THF 

(5 ml) was refluxed for 30-60 minute. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered under 

reduced pressure. The filtrate was evaporated and the residue was purified by column 


Results 

N-Propionylbenzotriazoles their derivatives was prepared from the reaction between o- 

phenylenediamine and sodium nitrite in acidic condition. The acylation reactivity tests were 

performed under exactly the same condition for variety of alcohols. The times required for completion 

were monitored by TLC. Products were isolated and purified using standard method. 

Conclusion 

A series of novel acylbenzotriazole derivatives have been synthesized and tested for esterification 

reactivity. A mild, flexible and efficient alternative method for esterification has been developed. The 

major advantage of this methodology lies in the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic esters wherein the 

reagents N-acylbenzotriazoles are stable isolable solids that can be treated under very mild basic 

conditions with the appropriate alcohols. 

Keywords: esterification, benzotriazoles 


1. Katritzky, A. R.; Shobana, J.; Afridi, A. S.; Fan, W. Q. Tetrahedron, 1992, 37, 7817–7822. 

2. Gopalakrishnan, G.; Hogg, J. L. J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46(24), 4959–4964. 

Pattajaree Teabsaen (พัทจารี เทียบแสน) M.Sc. Student 

b in Khon Kaen, Thailand 

Rajanangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 


Research field: organosilicons, organofluorines, and organotins

S2-P152 

Benzoin Condensation Catalyzed by N,N-Dimethylbenzimidazolium 

Iodide in Aqueous Medium 

Wijitra Waengdongbung, Viwat Hahnvajanawong and Parinya Theramongkol 

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Water without any organic solvents has recently been used as green reaction medium in many 

organic reactions. This study reports on the successful benzoin condensation catalyzed by N,Ndimethylbenzimidazolium 

iodide in aqueous sodium hydroxide under mild condition. 

Methods 

Aromatic aldehyde (20 mmol) was added to aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylbenzimidazolium 

iodide (4 mmol) in 0.2 M NaOH (4.0 mmol, 20 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1-8 hrs at 

room temperature. Aroin was filtered, washed with water and dried in open air. Filtrate was extracted 

by diethyl ether. Evaporation of the organic layer followed by purification of the residue by PLC gave 

additional amount of product. The aqueous layer of the reaction mixture can be efficiently reused. 

Results 

Table 1. Benzoin condensation catalyzed by N,N-dimethylbenzimidazolium iodide and sodium 

hydroxide in water. 

Aromatic aldehyde 

Reaction 

Yield (%) 

time Aroin Aroil Aroylaroin 

benzaldehyde 1 hr 97 - - 

p-tolualdehyde 3 hrs 93 - - 

p-chlorobenzaldehyde 3 hrs 34 59 - 

p-anisaldehyde 8 hrs 50 32 10 

Conclusion 

Benzoin condensation performed effectively in aqueous solution of N,N-dimethylbenzimidazolium 

iodide in 0.2 M sodium hydroxide at room temperature. Some aroin underwent further 

reaction to give aroil and aroylaroin. 

Keywords: benzoin condensation, N,N-dimethylbenzimidazolium iodide, aqueous medium 


1. Iwamoto, K.; Hamaya, M.; Hashimoto, N.; Kimura, H.; Suzuki, Y.; Sato, M. Tetrahedron Lett., 2006, 47, 

7175-7177. 

2. Hahnvajanawong, V.; Tearavarich, R.; Theramongkol, P. Chem. Res. Comm., 2005, 18, 7. 

Wijitra Waengdongbung (วิจิตรา แวงดงบัง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: fluorescence compound.

S2-P153 

Study, Development and Application of a Novel Multi-component 

Reaction in Heterocyclic Chemistry 

Florian Schevenels and István E. Markó 

Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 


During one of our recent synthetic endeavours, we uncovered a rather unexpected condensation. 

Indeed, cyclohexanone 1 and ethylene dichloride 2 reacted together in the presence of t-BuOK, 

affording (Z)-chloromethyleneketal 3 as the main product. To the best of our knowledge, only one 

other chloromethyleneketal possessing a similar architecture has been reported in the literature [1] . 

Therefore, this new reaction was investigated in greater detail. 

Methods 

Products were prepared by organic synthesis and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. 

Results 

After optimisation, it was observed that a wide variety of ketones 4 were good substrates for this 

reaction and several ketals 5 were obtained. This new reaction was used in an intramolecular fashion 

with heteroaromatic ketones 6. After rearrangement of the chloromethylene intermediate 8 under 

acidic catalysis, the corresponding heterocyclic aldehydes 7 were obtained in high yields. Our reaction 

appears to be general, enabling the preparation of benzofurans, benzothiophenes and indoles. Several 

biologically active compounds have been prepared using this novel transformation as the key step. 

Cl 

Cl 

O 

tBuOK (2 eq.) 

O 

t-BuOK (2 eq.) 

+ 

O 

+ 

O 

R R Cl Cl THF (0,2M) R.T. 

R R 

Cl Cl THF 4h R.T. 

(1 eq.) O 

(2 eq.) (1 eq.) 

R 

O R 

(2 eq.) 

97% 

28% to 97% 

1 2 3 4 2 5 

YH O 

O 

Cl 

Y = O : 78% to 97% 

1. Base Y 

Y 

R + 

H 

Cl Cl 2. H + OH 

Y = S : 55% to 80% 

R 

R Y = NH : 20% to 71% 

X 

6 2 

X 

7 

X 

Y=NSO 

8 

2 Ph : 48% to 94% 

Conclusion 

We have uncovered and developed an original reaction that leads to the efficient assembly of a 

large variety of heterocyclic compounds. 

Keywords: organic chemistry, heterocycles, chloromethylene ketal, benzofuran, indole 


1. Kazaryan, P.; et al. Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, 1983, 12, 1607–1613. 

Florian Schevenels Ph.D. Student 

b 1986 in Uccle, Belgium 

Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2007 

Université catholique de Louvain, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: organic chemistry, hete rocyclic chemistry

S2-P154 

Synthesis and Characterization of D--A Dyes Having Oligothiophene 

-Conjugated Bridges for DSCs 

Nittaya Janthasing, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin and Vinich Promarak 




Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have attracted much 

attention, due to their prospects of simple preparation and 

low cost. In this work, we investigated new D--A dyes with 

the oligothiophene as their -conjugated system. These dyes 

consist of carbazole as donor and cyanoacrylic acid or 

cyanoacrylamide as acceptors. 

Methods 

Ullmann coupling was catalyzed by CuI with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as co-catalyst and 

K 3 PO 4 as base in toluene. Suzuki coupling was carried out with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as catalyst and Na 2 CO 3 as 

base in THF/H 2 O. Bromination was done by NBS in THF. Knoevenagel condensation was performed 

using either piperidine as base in CHCl 3 or NH 4 Ac in AcOH. The chemical structures were confirmed 

by NMR and IR analysis. UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectra were recorded in CH 2 Cl 2 . CV was 

measured with glassy C, Pt and SCE electrodes in the present of n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as supporting electrolyte 

in CH 2 Cl 2 . 

Results 

The dyes molecules (TMn) was formed by using a combination of Ullmann coupling, 

bromination, Suzuki cross coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions as red solids in moderate 

yields. Their absorption spectra show the same pattern of π-π* transition and charge transfer 

transition. The spectra are red shifted when number of thiophene unit increase. CV traces exhibit the 

oxidations of carbazole donor and the reduction of cyanoacrylic and cyanoacrylamide acceptors. 

Primary study revealed that these dyes adsorbed very well on Ti 2 O surface and could be used in DSC. 

Conclusion 

D--A organic dyes (TMn) with oligothiophene p-linker were successfully synthesized for using 

as dye molecules in DSCs. 

Keywords: donor -conjugated acceptor, dye-sensitized solar cells, carbazole, thiophene 


1. Srinivas, K.; Kumar, C. R.; Reddy, M. A.; Bhanuprakash, K.; Rao, V. J.; Giribabu, L. Synth. Met., 2011, 

161, 96–105. 

Nittaya Janthasing (นิตยา จันทะสิงห) M.Sc. Student 

b1986 in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand 

Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: organic synthesis and organic materials

S2-P155 

Synthesis Toward Conjugated Thiophenequinone Systems 

Duenpen Unjaroen and Tienthong Thongpanchang 




Thiophenebased conjugated molecules have received much attention for their use as building 

blocks for the preparation of organic materials. Moreover, quinone moiety was used for promoting the 

molecules’ self-association into columnar aggregates or liquid crystal with exceptional rotatory and 

nonlinear optical properties. Therefore, our research focuses on the synthesis of conjugated 

thiophenequinone compounds for the use as organic materials. 

Methods 

FriedelCrafts acylation of 1 yielded 2 which was then treated with TIPSOTf to yield silyl enol 

ether 3. DielsAlder reaction of 3 with p-benzoquinone provided quinone 4. Later the quinone could 

be converted to the target molecule 6 by deprotection of TIPS group followed by alkylation with ethyl 

bromoacetate, as shown in Scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Results 

Thiophenequinone 8 could be prepared. Yield of this method (5 steps) was 58% overall yield. 

Conclusion 

The synthesis of thiophenequinone 8 could be achieved in 5 steps from 1 with 58% overall yield. 

Keywords: thiophenequinone, heterocyclic helicene 


1. Spencer, D. D.; Daniel J. W.; Thomas J. K. J. Org. Chem., 1999, 64, 3671–3678. 

2. Karen, E. S.; Thomas, J. K.; Steffen, J.; Andrew, J. L.; Nicholas, J. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 

11899–11907. 

Duenpen Unjaroen (เดือนเพ็ญ อุนเจริญ) M.Sc. Student 





S2-P156 

Carbazole-Thianapthene Derivatives as Emitting Materials for OLED 

Sakravee Punsay, Narid Prachumruk, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong 

and Vinich Promarak 




Molecules incorporating carbazole moieties have been investigated extensively as light-emitting 

and the hole-transporting materials for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) because of their high 

reversibility upon electrochemical oxidation and high thermal stability. In this work, we investigated 

on functionalization of carbazole ring by bromination reaction and synthesized of the derivatives for 

OLED application. 

Methods 

Bromination was carried out using either NSB in THF or CHCl 3 , or Br 2 /FeCl 3 in CHCl 3 . Suzuki 

coupling was catalyzed by Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 . The chemical structures were assigned by 1 H-NMR and 13 C- 

NMR techniques. The physical and chemical properties were characterized by UV-visible, 

fluorescence and CV techniques. OLED devices using Ctnt n as HTM with the device configuration of 

PEDOT:PSS/Ctnt n (10 nm)/BCP(7 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al(150 nm) were fabricated and measured. 

Results 

An alkylated carbazole was successfully brominated to 

give selectively bromo-carbaozle, dibromo-carbazole, 

tribromo-carbazole and tetrabromo-carbazole. Further 

bromination with either NSB in THF or CHCl 3 , or Br 2 /FeCl 3 

in CHCl 3 no multi-carbazoles were obtained. Their 

structures are simply indentified by 1 H-NMR. Thianapthene 

derivatives of these carbazoles were successfully synthesized 

by Suzuki coupling reactions. OLED devices with Ctnt 4 

show the maximum current efficiency and luminance of 0.09 

cd/A and 582 cd/m 2 , 

respectively. 

S 

N 

C 12 H 25 

S 

S 

N 

C 12 H 25 

Normalised PL intensity (a.u.) 

S 

1.0 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0.0 

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 

S 

N 

C 12 H 25 S 


S 

S 

Ctnt 1 

Ctnt 2 

Ctnt 3 

Ctnt 4 

S 

N 

C 12 H 25 S 

Conclusion 

Carbazole was selectively brominated to give four bromocarbazoles. Suzuki coupling of these 

bromocarbazole with boronic acid successfully gave emitting materials for OLED. 

Keywords: organic light-emitting diodes, carbazole, thianapthene, bromination 


1. Promarak, V.; Ruchirawat, S. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 1602-1609. 

Ctnt 1 Ctnt 2 Ctnt 3 Ctnt4 

Sakravee Punsay (ศักดิ์ระวี พันสาย) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: organic optoelectronic materials

S2-P157 

An Efficient Synthesis of Dinaphthothiophene Derivatives 

Karoon Sadorn, a Warapon Sinananwanich, a Jetsuda Areephong, a Chalayut Wongma, a 

Chakkrapan Nerungsi, a Chaveng Pakawatchai b and Tienthong Thongpanchang a 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla Univeristy, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 10400, Thailand. 


Dinaphthothiophene such as 4, have attracted growing interest in the application as both a 

precursor for the synthesis of axially chiral binaphthyl derivatives which are chiral building block in 

asymmetric catalytic reaction and components in novel organic materials. This study focuses on the 

use of the oxidative photocyclization as the key step to synthesize dinaphthothiophene 4 and its 

derivatives. 

Methods 

2-Naphthol derivative 1 reacted with 2-naphthalenethiol 2 in the presence of p-TsOH in reflux 

toluene to give the desired dinaphthyl sulfide 3. The sulfide 3 was then subjected to oxidative 

photocyclization to provide dinaphthothiophene 4 (Scheme 1). 

R 

1 

+ 

OH 

SH 

p-TsOH 

Toluene, reflux 

R 

S 

h 

R 

S 

2 

R=H,OMe 

Scheme 1. 

Results 

Dinaphthothiophene 4 and its derivatives 5-8 could be prepared. Yields of all compounds were 

also shown in Figure 1. 

3 

4 

Figure 1. 

Conclusion 

An alternative synthesis of dinaphthothiophene 4 and its derivatives was described. This 

methodology can be also applied to synthesize a variety of the more complex structures. 

Keywords: oxidative photocyclization, dinaphthothiophene 


1. Sadorn, K.; Sinananwanich, W.; Areephong, J.; Wongma, C.; Nerungsi, C.; Pakawatchai, C.; 

Thongpanchang, T. Tetrahedron Lett., 2008, 49, 4519-4521. 

Karoon Sadorn (การุณย สาดออน) Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, Ph.D. 2004-present 

Research field: organosulfurs

S2-P158 

Synthesis and Characterization of Bulky D-D-π-A 

Type Organic Dyes for DSCs 

Teadkait Kaewpuang, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin 





Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have great attention 

owing to their prospects of simple preparation and low cost. 

It has been known that aggregation of dye molecules reduce 

the efficiency. Therefore, in this work, we develop bulky 

D-D-π-A type organic dyes having di(carbazole fluorenethiophenyl)amine 

as bulky donor, cyanoacrylic acid as 

acceptor and oligophenylthiophenes as conjugation bridge. 

Method 

Ullmann coupling was catalyzed by CuI with trans-1,2- 

diaminocyclohexane as co-catalyst and K 3 PO 4 as base in 

toluene. Suzuki coupling was carried out with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as 

catalyst and Na 2 CO 3 as base in THF/H 2 O. Iodination was 

done by NIS in THF. Knoevenagel condensation was 

performed using piperidine as base in CHCl 3 . The chemical structures were confirmed by NMR and 

IR analysis. UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectra were recorded in CH 2 Cl 2 . CV was measured with 

glassy C, Pt and SCE electrodes in the present of n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as supporting electrolyte in CH 2 Cl 2 . 

Results 

DCFTPTn (n = 1-2) were synthesized as red solids using a combination of Ullmann coupling, 

Suzuki coupling, iododination and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Their absorption spectra 

show the same pattern of π-π* transition and charge transfer transition. The spectra are red shifted 

when number of thiophene unit increase. CV traces exhibit the oxidations of carbazole and 

triarylamine donors and the reduction of cyanoacrylic acceptor. Primary study revealed that these dyes 

adsorbed very well on Ti 2 O surface and could be used in DSC. 

Conclusion 

New bulky D-D--As were successfully synthesized and characterized for using as dye molecules 

in DSC. 

Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cell, carbazole, fluorene, thiophene, donor-pi-acceptor 


1. Chen, C.T. Chem. Mater., 2004, 16, 4389-4400. 

Teadkait Kaewpuang (เทอดเกียรติ แกวเพวง) M.Sc. Student 


Ubon Rachathani Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Organic Materials

S2-P159 

Pyrene Derivatives: Synthesis and Their Photo-, 

Electrochemical and Electroluminescence Properties 

Kitjanit Neranon, a Karoon Sadorn, a Chakkrapan Nerungsi, a Somboon Sahasithiwat b and 

Tienthong Thongpanchang a 


Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, 

Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 


Pyrene is one of the key polycyclic aromatic compounds for the construction of functional 

materials such as organic light-emitting materials and photoconductors. 1 An introduction of chalcogen 

atoms (S or O) could improve the electronic properties of the parent frameworks. 2 Thus we were 

prompted to investigate the synthesis and compared the photophysical and electroluminescence 

properties of pyrene derivatives PCO, POO and PSO with different substituents (Figure 1). 

O 

S 

PCO 

POO 

Figure 1. Structures of pyrene derivatives PCO, POO and PSO. 

Methods 

PCO was synthesized by bromination of pyrene, followed by lithium-bromine exchange, and 

trapping with 1-bromooctane in 83% yield. POO could be prepared by the alkylation reaction of 

pyren-1-ol with 1-bromooctane to yield POO in 30% yield. Finally, the acylation reaction of pyren-1- 

ol, followed by the Newman-Kwart rearrangement and then the reduction and alkylation reaction in 

the last step gave the sulfide PSO in 24% yield. Their absorption and emission spectra were 

investigated as well as the EL device of POO was selected for the OLED experiments. 

Results 

The absorption and emission spectra in CHCl 3 solution of PCO, POO and PSO exhibited 

in the region of 345 to 351 nm and around 379 to 397 nm, respectively. The fluorescence 

quantum yields are 0.08, 0.18 and 0.14, respectively. Moreover, The EL device structure of 

ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:POO(11:1)/Ca/Al showed relatively low performances with luminance of 

114 cd m -2 , turn-on voltage of 9.4 V, current efficiency of 0.14 cd A -1 and CIE coordinates (x, y) of 

(0.18, 0.19). 

Conclusion 

This work demonstrated the synthesis of pyrene derivatives and the effect of chalcogenic 

substituents on the photophysical and electroluminescence properties of the pyrene core. These results 

offered guidance for a new potential candidate for new OLED materials. 

Keywords: electronic property, organic light-emitting materials, pyrene derivatives 


1. Park, Y. H.; Rho, H. H.; Park, N. G. Curr. Appl. Phys., 2006, 6, 691–694. 

2. Nerungsi, C.; Wanitchang, P.; Sahasithiwat, S.; Sadorn, K. Tetrahedron Lett., 2010, 51, 6392–6395. 

Kitjanit Neranon (กิจณิชญ เนรานนท) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Nakornsrithammarat, Thailand 



Research field: organic materials 

PSO

S2-P160 

Synthesis and Characterization of N-Coumarin 

Derivatives for OLEDs 

Thitiya Sunonnam,Yaowarat Surakhot, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Kaewin, 

Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Sayant Saengsuwan and Vinich Promarak 




Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have shown potential to be 

low-cost displays. Coumarins are an important class of naturally 

occurring and synthetic compounds which have been extensively 

investigated for electronic and photonic applications, such as solar 

energy collectors and nonlinear optical properties due to their high 

emission yield and good solubility. In this work, we investigated a series 

of new emissive materials based on N-coumarin bearing thiophene unit 

with pyrene end-capped (CTn(C)P). 

R 

N 

O 

S 

O 

n = 1,2 

N 

R 

n 

Methods 

CTn(C)P were synthesized using a combination of Suzuki crosscoupling 

and Ullmann coupling reactions. They were characterized by standard spectroscopic 

methods. Their optical, thermal, electrochemical and EL property in OLED were investigated. 

Results 

The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the CT1P and CT2P 

compound exhibited the same bservable bands at about 447and 

464 nm. CT1CP and CT2CP exhibited the same two 

observable bands at about 346 and 436-453 nm, as show in 

Figure 1. The PL spectra of CT1P, CP2P, CT1CP and 

CT2CP compounds exhibits observable bands at about 521, 

509, 533 and 527 nm, respectively, as show in the Figure . 


Conclusion 

A series of new N-coumarin derivatives was successfully synthesized. Their absorption and 

emission spectra were gradually red shifted when the number of thiophene units was increased. They 

are suitable green light-emitting materials for electroluminescent devices. 

Keywords: organic light-emitting diodes, coumarin 


1. Yu, T.; Zhang, P.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, H.; Meng, J.; Fan, D. Org. Elec., 2009, 10, 653–660. 

Thitiya Sunonnam (ทิติยา สุนนทนาม) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Roi Et, Thailand 


Research field: organic materials 

Normalized Absorption intensity (a.u.) 

CT1P 

CT1CP 

CT2P 

CT2CP 

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 

Normalized PL intensity (a.u.)

S2-P161 

An Alternative Non-photochemical Approach Toward 

[9]-Heterohelicenebisquinone 

Nantiya Bunbamrung, Chutima Jiarpinitnun and Tienthong Thongpanchang 




Helicenes are molecules that consist of ortho-fused aromatic rings with helical chirality. They 

have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in chiral materials, biomolecular 

recognitions, and asymmetric syntheses. In this work, helicenebisquinone derivatives are designed and 

synthesized, in order to explore their optical activity and physical properties. 

Methods 

The preparation of oxa[5]-helicene 4 was accomplished from bromination of 2,7- 

dihydroxynaphthalene 1 with PPh 3 and Br 2 to afford 7-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalene 2 followed by 

oxidative coupling of 2 with CuCl 2·2H 2 O and t-BuNH 2 gave binaphthol 3. Binaphthol 3 was then 

subjected to an acid-promoted ring closure to give oxa[5]-helicene 4. The overall synthetic route is 

shown in Scheme 1. 

Scheme 1 

Results 

Oxa[5]-helicene 4 could be prepared in 3 steps with 8% overall yield. 

Conclusion 

Oxa[5]-helicene 4 could be successfully prepared and it will be used as the key starting material 

for further transformation to prepare [9]-helicene 5. 

Keywords: oxa[5]-helicene, binaphthols, helicenebisquinone 


1. Graule, S.; Rudolph, M.; Shen, W.; G.Williams, J. A.; Lescop, C.; Autschbach, J.; Crassous, J.; Réau, R. 

Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 5976-6005. 

2. Schneider, J. F.; Nieger, M.; Nattinen, K.; Dötz, K. H. Synthesis, 2005, 7, 1109-1124. 

3. Bandin, M.; Casolari, S.; Cozzi, P. G.; Proni, G.; Schmohel, E. G.; Spada, P.; Tagliavini, E.; Umani-Ronchi, A. 

Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2000, 491-497. 

Nantiya Bunbamrug (นันทิยา บุญบํารุง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Nongbualamphu, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry Program, M.Sc. 2009-present 


S2-P162 

Carbazole Dendronized O-Coumarins as Electroluminescent 

Materials for OLEDs 

Sirintra Potjanasopa, Narid Prachumruk, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin, 

Siriporn Jungsuttiwong and Vinich Promarak 




In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new O-coumarin derivatives as lightemitting 

and hole-transporting materials for OLEDs. The strategies for designing O-coumarin 

derivatives were introduced carbazole dendrons for preventing the aggregation of planar O-coumarin 

molecule and improving the absorption ability. 

Methods 

Ullmann coupling was catalyzed by CuI with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as co-catalyst and 

K 3 PO 4 as base. Detosylation was carried by treatment with KOH. Suzuki coupling was carried out 

with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as catalyst and Na 2 CO 3 as base. The chemical structures were confirmed by NMR, IR 

and Mass. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded in CH 2 Cl 2 . CV was measured with glassy 

C, Pt and SCE electrodes in the present of n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as supporting electrolyte in CH 2 Cl 2 . OLED 

devices using GnTC as EL with the device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/GnTC /BCP/LiF:Al 

was fabricated and measured. 

Results 

The target ELs (GnTC) were synthesized using a combination of 

Ullmann coupling, detosylation, Suzuki coupling reactions in moderate 

yields. Their fluorescent spectra are blue shifted when generation of the 

dendron increase. OLEDs having G3CT as EL show high current efficiency 

of 2.53 cd/A with maximal brightness reached 5943 cd/m 2 at 9.6 V. 

Conclusion 

New carbazole dendronized O-coumarins were successfully synthesized and characterized. The 

EL devices with GnTC as nondoping emitters show good EL performances. 

Keywords: organic light-emitting diodes, coumarin 


1. Promarak, V.; Ichikawa, M.; Sudyoadsuk, T. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516, 2881-2888. 

Sirintra Potjanasopa (สิรินทรา พจนาโสภา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: organic materials

S2-P163 

Synthesis and Characterization of D--A Dyes Having 

Carbazole Dendrons as Donor for DSCs 

A-monrat Thangthong, a Siriporn Jungsuttingwong, a Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, a Tinnagon Keawin, a 

Paul L. Burn b and Vinich Promarak b 

a Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 


b COPE, School of Chemistry, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. 


Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) 

have great attention owing to their 

prospects of simple preparation and 

low cost. In this work, we utilized a 

bulky structure of carbazole dendrons 

to construct high molar absorption 

coefficient new D-π-A dyes with 

amorphous and high thermal stability 

for DSCs. 

Methods 

Ullmann coupling was catalyzed 

by CuI with trans-1,2- 

diaminocyclohexane as co-catalyst 

and K 3 PO 4 as base. Detosylation was 

carried by treatment with KOH. Suzuki coupling was carried out with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 as catalyst and 

Na 2 CO 3 as base. Knoevenagel condensation was performed using piperidine as base. The chemical 

structures were confirmed by NMR, IR and Mass. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded in 

CH 2 Cl 2 . CV was measured with glassy C, Pt and SCE electrodes in the present of n-Bu 4 NPF 6 as 

supporting electrolyte in CH 2 Cl 2 . 

Results 

The target dyes (GnTT) were synthesized using a combination of Ullmann coupling, 

detosylation, Suzuki coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions in moderate yields. Their 

absorption spectra are blue shifted when generation of the dendron increase. CV traces exhibit the 

oxidations of carbazole donors and the reduction of cyanoacrylic acceptor. Primary study revealed 

that these dyes adsorbed very well on Ti 2 O surface and could be used in DSC. 

Conclusion 

New bulky D--As were effectively synthesized and characterized for DSC. 

Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cells, carbazole, thiophene 


1. Promarak, V.; Punkvuang, A.; Sudyoadsuk, T.; Jungsuttiwong, S.; Saengsuwan, S.; Keawin, T.; Sirithip, K. 

Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 8881-8890. 

A-monrat Thangthong (อมรรัตน แทงทอง) Ph.D. Student 


King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 

Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: alcohol dehydrogenase, OLED, DSC

S2-P164 

D--A Type Organic Dyes with Oligo(phenyl fluorene) as 

-Conjugation for DSSCs 

Palita Kochpradist, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Kaewin, Sayant Saengsuwan 





Donor -conjugation acceptor (D--A) organic dyes have 

received intensive research interest due to their potential applications 

in a wide range of electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this 

work, we synthesized novel D--As with oligo(phenyl fluorene) as 

-conjugation, and acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as acceptors 

for using as dye molecules in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). 

N 

C 8 H 17 

C 8 H 17 

n 

R' 

Methods 

D--As were synthesized using a combination of bromination, Ullmann Coupling, Suzuki 

coupling and Knoevenagel reactions. The chemical and physical properties were characterized. The 

DSC devices were fabricated under standard method with N3 dye used as reference and measured 

using solar simulator at AM 1.5G radiation (80 mW/cm 2 ). 

Results 

D--As 1-4 were obtained as yellow orange solids in moderate yields. Quantum chemical 

calculations show that the electron density of HOMO is located over the donor and the linker, while 

the electron density of LUMO is located over the acceptor. This would result in a pronounced pushpull 

effect. Their absorption spectra in CH 2 Cl 2 solution show the same pattern of π-π* transition and 

charge transfer transition (355-360nm) whereas the spectra of the dyes absorbed on TiO 2 film exhibit 

red shift of latter bands. CV traces exhibit reversible wave for the oxidation process of two carbazole. 

The devices using D--A with phenyl-fluorene and cyanoacrylic acid as -conjugation and as 

acceptor show the best efficiency of 2.81 % (J sc 7.33 mAcm -2 , V oc 0.67 V, FF 0.46). 

Conclusion 

Novel D--As were successfully synthesized for using as dye molecules in DSSC. Dyes with 

cyanoacrylic acceptor gave better device performance than those with acrylic group due to its stronger 

electron withdrawing property. 

Keywords: donor -conjugation acceptor, dye-sensitized solar cells, carbazole 


1. Promarak, V.; Punkvuang, A.; Sudyoadsuk, T.; Jungsuttiwong, S.; Saengsuwan, S.; Keawin, T.; Sirithip, K. 

Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 8881-8890. 

Palita Kochpradist (ปาลิตา คชประดิษฐ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: organic materials

S2-P165 

Analysis of Organic Components in Bio-oils from Tea Waste by 

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 

Rueansap Charoenphon, a Suparin Chaiklangmuang b and Sugunya Wongpornchai a 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykeaw Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykeaw Rd, Chiang Mai 50200, 

Thailand. 


Since the rising of the global warming and oil prices for fossil fuels, bio-oils have received much 

attention. Bio-oils hardly emit hazardous air pollutants and do not add greenhouse gases to the 

atmosphere as compared to fossil fuels. Bio-oils or pyrolysis oils are dark brown, free flowing liquids 

with an acrid or smoky odor. Bio-oil can substitute for fuel oil or diesel in many static applications 

such as boilers, furnaces, engines and turbines. In this research, bio-oil samples obtained from 

pyrolysis of tea waste were analyzed by GC-MS. The results which show the type and relative 

quantity of organic components in the bio-oil samples can be used to aid the assessment of their 

qualities. 

Methods 

Three bio-oil samples were obtained from pyrolysis of tea waste at temperatures of 400 °C, 

500 °C and 600 °C, heating rate of 50 °C/min and hold time of 3 hr. They were extracted with hexane 

using ultrasonication for 60 min. Then, the bio-oil extracts were dehydrated, filtered, concentrated and 

analyzed by GC-MS. A fused silica capillary column, Rtx-5MS with dimension of 60 m × 0.25 mm 

i.d. × 0.50 m film thickness was used. One microliter of each bio-oil samples was injected into the 

GC injection port in splitless mode. GC-MS was operated under a temperature program which was 

started at 45 °C and ramped to 250 °C at 3 °C/min and hold for 20 min. 

Results 

GC-MS revealed the detection of 78 organic components in the bio-oil samples. Among these, 65 

components were identified and classified in groups of phenolics, hydrocarbons, nitrogenous and 

aromatic compounds, N-heterocyclic and O-heterocyclic derivatives, aldehydes, ketones and esters. 

The major organic components of all bio-oil samples were phenolics, hydrocarbons and nitrogen 

compounds. However, hydrocarbons, which have high heating values, were found in the bio-oil 

obtained from the pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C in higher amount than the other temperatures. They 

were accounted for 27% of the total content. 

Conclusion 

Component analysis of the pyrolysis bio-oil samples from tea waste by GC-MS revealed a 

number of organics present in series such as normal and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics, and N- 

heterocyclic derivatives. GC-MS is a suitable method to analyze complex mixtures and to identify 

their individual components. 

Keywords: bio-oil, pyrolysis, GC-MS, tea waste 


1. Zhang, Q.; Chang, J.; Wang, T.; Xu, Y. Energ. Convers. Manage., 2007, 48, 87-92. 

2. Bridgewater, A. V.; Meier, D.; Radlein, D. Org. Geochem., 1999, 30, 1479-1493. 

Rueansap Charoenphon (เรือนทรัพย เจริญผล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Chiangrai, Thailand 



Session S3 

Materials Science and 

Nanotechnology 

(S3–P1 - S3–P137)

S3-P1 

Fabrication and Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalyst CaO 

Supported on Silica for Biodiesel Pilot Plan 

Pawinee Pongwan, Tinnagon Keawin, Sayant Saengsuwan, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Vinich Promarak 

and Taweesak Sudyoadsuk 


Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchumrap, Ubon Ratchathani 33190, Thailand. 


Biodiesel is mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids made from vegetable oil (new or used) or animal fat. 

Most biodiesel is produced in the presence of homogeneous catalyst such as NaOH, NaOMe and 

KOH. However, a large amount of water is required for separation step and making the washing 

process difficult. Therefore, more research at present has focused on the use of heterogeneous 

catalyst. In this work, the fabrication and the biodiesel production from palm oil efficiency of CaO 

supported silica catalyst were studied. 

Methods 

The CaO supported on silica catalyst with diameter 3 mm cylinder shape (Figure 1a) was 

prepared by solid state reaction. The FAME yields were analyzed by 1 H NMR. 

Results 

The SEM image showed that the catalyst high porosity (Figure 1b). Figure 2 showed the effects 

of methanol/oil molar ratio and mass ratio of catalyst to oil on FAME yield. The optimum molar ratio 

of methanol to oil to produce FAME was 21:1(Figure 2a) and the mass ratio of catalyst to oil of 

1:1.14 which reached 97% yield at 2 h (Figure 2b). 

(a) 

(b) 

50 kV X350 50 μm 000000 

Figure 1.(a) Picture of 

catalysts. (b) SEM image 

of CaO supported on 

silica catalyst. 

100 

(a) 

80 

60 

Methanol:Oil 

18:1 

40 

21:1 

20 

24:1 

0 

0 1 2 3 4 5 

Reaction time (h) 

Figure 

2. Effects of process variables on FAME yield. (a) 

methanol/oil ratio (reaction condition: mass ratio of catalyst to 

oil of 1:1.14, methanol reflux temperature), (b) catalyst 

content (reaction condition: methanol/oil molar ratio of 21:1, 

methanol reflux temperature). 

Conclusion 

In summary, reported here a successful fabrication of CaO supported on silica catalyst, in which 

the biodiesel exceeded 97% yield at 2 h under optimal reaction conditions (reflux temperature, 21:1 

molar ratio of methanol/oil, 1:1.14 mass ratio of catalyst to oil, and 2 h of reaction time). 

Keywords: biodiesel, calcium oxide, transesterification, heterogeneous catalyst 


1. Lui, X.; He, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, S.; Piao, X. Fuel, 2008, 87, 216-221. 

2. Wan, T.; Yu, P.; Wang, S.; Luo, Y. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23, 1089-1092. 

3. Guo, F.; Peng, Z. G.; Dai, J. Y.; Xui, Z. L. Fuel Process. Technol., 2010, 91, 322-328. 

Pawinee Pongwan (ภาวิณี พงษวัน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Sri-sa-ket, Thailand 


Research field: alternative energy, catalyst 

Yield of FAME (%) 

Yield of FAME (%) 

100 

(b) 

80 

60 

40 

Oil:Catalyst 

20 

1.6:1 1.33:1 

1.14:1 1:1 1:1.13 

0 

0 1 2 3 4 5 

Reaction time (h)

S3-P2 

Ligninolytic Enzymes Secreted by Lentinus polychrous Lév. and Their 

Potential Application for Black Liquor from Paper Industry Decolorization 

Wipawadee Budda, a Rakrudee Sarnthima, a Saranyu Khammuang, a Nipa Milintawisamai, b 

and Sawait Naknil c 

a Protein and Enzyme Technology Research Unit, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand. 

b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand. 

c Phoenix pulp and paper public company limited, Khon Kaen, 40310, Thailand. 


A dark color in pulp and paper mill effluent is from lignins and its derivatives. Due to 

environmental concerns of public, these contaminant compounds should be removed from the effluent 

before releasing to environment. This research aimed to investigate the decolorization of black liquor 

using ligninolytic enzymes from L. polychrous Lév. 

Methods 

Ligninolytic enzymes were extracted from L. polychrous Lév., cultured on solid state 

fermentation. The crude enzyme was used for ligninolytic enzymes assay and protein determination. 

The crude enzyme was then used for black liquor decolourization. 

Results 

The major ligninolytic activities secreted by the fungus were laccase, Mn-independent and Mndependent 

peroxidases, respectively. No lignin peroxidase activity has been detected. The crude 

enzyme was able to decolourize black liquor. 

Conclusion 

The crude enzyme from L. polychrous Lév. showed potential to decolourize black liquor. Further 

experiments on the black liquor decolourization should be investigated. 

Keywords: black liquor, ligninolytic enzyme, Lentinus polychrous Lév. 


1. Sarnthima R.; Khammuang S.; Svasti J. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2009, 14(4), 513-522. 

2. Khammuang, S.; Sarnthima R. Biotechnology, 2007, 6(3), 408413. 

Wipawadee Budda (วิภาวดี บุดดา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Si Sa Ket, Thailand 

Mahasarakham University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc., 2008 

Research field: enzyme and protein

S3-P3 

Photocatalytic Degradation of Acid Orange 

by Using ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO 

Nattiya Reungtip, a Boontana Wannalerd b and Apisit Songsasen a 


Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasatsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


Wastewater from textile, paper, and some other industries contain residual dyes, which are not readily 

biodegradable. ZnO is used as photocatalyst for the degradation of synthetic dyes. ZnO has a wide band 

gap of about 3.2 eV and can only absorb UV light. In order to shift the optical absorption of ZnO to the 

visible region, doping of ZnO with metal or transition metal leads to increase the surface defect. This 

research studies on the photocatalytic avtivity of undoped and Mn-doped ZnO toward acid orange. 

Methods 

ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO were prepared by precipitation method using Zinc acetate dihydrate, 

Sodiumbicarbonate and Manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate as a manganese source and calcined at various 

temperatures. The photocatalysts were characterized by TGA, XRD, SEM, UV-vis reflection and BET 

surface measurement technique. The surface basicity of the photocatalysts were also determined by 

propionic acid titration method. The photocatalytic activity of undoped ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO were 

investigated by the photodegradation of acid orange in aqueous solution. 

Results 

TGA and XRD patterns showed that ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO calcined at temperature above 500 o C 

have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The particle sizes of the photocatalysts were in the range of 8-52 nm 

depend to calcination temperature. High calcination temperature reduced surface basicity of the 

photocatalysts. Mn-doped ZnO exhibited new absorption shoulder in visible light region while undoped 

ZnO did not show any broad band in visible region. The photocatalytic activity of undoped ZnO was 

higher than Mn-doped ZnO under ultraviolet irradiation. The undoped ZnO calcined at 700 o C exhibits the 

highest photocatalytic activity of 20 ppm acid orange with 74% for 4 hours under ultraviolet irradiation. 

While undoped ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO did not show degradation of acid orange under visible irradiation. 

Conclusion 

ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by precipitation method. The visible absorption 

efficiency of Mn-doped ZnO has been improved because of the effect of Manganese doping that cause 

band gap narrowing. The surface basicity played an important role in determining the activity of the 

photocataltst. The undoped ZnO calcined at 700 o C has the highest photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet 

irradiation. 

Keywords: photocatalysis, Mn-doped ZnO, photodegradation, acid orange 


1. Daneshvar, N.; Aber, S.; Seyed Dorraji, M.S.; Khataee, A.R. and Rasoulifard, M.H. Sep. Purif. Technol., 

2007, 58, 91-98. 

2. Tsuzuki, T.; Smith, Z.; Parker, A.; He, R. and Wang, X. J. Aust. Ceram. Soc., 2009, 45, 58-62. 

Nattiya Reungtip (ณัตติยา เรืองทิพย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Petchaburi, Thailand 

Kasetsart University, Thailand, Chemistry Science, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: Inorganic chemistry

S3-P4 

Treatment of Methylene Blue by Titanium Dioxide Supported 

Charcoal from Corncob (TiO 2 /C) 

Rassaniya Tabpla, Chalermpan Ngamsopasirisakun, Surachai Thacheepan and Apisit Songsasen 


Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. 


Recently, environmental pollution by various organic compounds in natural water has been 

concerned. TiO 2 is introduced in photocatalytic degradation to remove such poisonous substance 

because many organic compounds can be decomposed and mineralized by the proceeding oxidation 

and reduction processes on TiO 2 surface. To improve the performance of a photocatalyst system, 

charcoal, which was a porous material was used as a catalyst support. This could help to increase the 

photodegradation rate by progressively allowing an increased quantity of substrate to come in contact 

with the TiO 2 through means of adsorption. The most commonly tested compounds for decomposition 

through the photocatalysis is methylene blue, which is carcinogenic agent. 

The objectives of this work are to prepare and characterize the titanium dioxide supported on 

charcoal from corncob (TiO 2 /C) as a photocatalyst by using sol-gel method. The photocatalytic 

efficiency of the prepared TiO 2 /C catalyst for the destruction of methylene blue has been also 

investigated. 

Methods 

The TiO 2 /C catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method using Titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide in 

the presence of various amounts of charcoal from corncob. Isopropyl alcohol was subsequently added 

and was stirred of the mixture for an hour. The TiO 2 /C catalysts were dried for 1 hour and were 

calcined for 1 hour at 400 o C. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by TGA, XRD and 

SEM. The photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 /C was performed by the photodegradation of methylene 

blue in aqueous solution. 

Results 

The TGA result showed that the weight of TiO 2 /C is constant from 300 to 450 o C. The XRD 

results revealed anatase phase of TiO 2 deposited on the charcoal surface. The TiO 2 particulates were 

well adhered and uniformly dispersed on the charcoal surface as confirmed by SEM. The removal 

efficiency included photoactivity of TiO 2 and adsorption activity of charcoal from corncob. The 

results showed that 1: 10 TiO 2 /C had the highest %removal at pH7. However, almost all %removal of 

1: 10 TiO 2 /C was a part of adsorption so the appropriate ratio was 1: 5 TiO 2 /C due to the highest 

%degradation. 

Conclusion 

The TiO 2 /C catalysts were simply synthesized by sol-gel method. The crystallite size of 1:1 and 1: 

5 TiO 2 /C are in the range of 7-13 nm. The 1: 10 TiO 2 /C have the largest crystallite size. The 

appropriate ratio of TiO 2 and charcoal is 1: 5, which gave the highest %efficiency in the removal 

process of Methylene blue in solution at pH7. 

Keywords: titanium dioxide, photocatalyst, charcoal, corncob, methylene blue 


1. Li, Y.; Li, X.; Li, J.; Yin, J. Water Research, 2006, 40, 1119-1126. 

2. Mao C.C.; Weng, H. S. J. Chem. Eng., 2009, 155, 744-749. 

3. Tryba, B.; Morawski, A.W.; Inagaki, M. Appl. Catal., B: Envir., 2003, 41, 427-433. 

Rassaniya Tabpla (รัศณีญา ทับปลา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: inorganic chemistry

S3-P5 

Preparation and Characterization of N-S Co-doped 

Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst 

Wanlapa Chitchiaranai, a Boontana Wannalerd b and Apisit Songsasen a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart 

University,Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 

b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 


TiO 2 has been the most widely used as photocatalyst because of its nontoxicity, long-term 

stability and inexpensiveness. However, TiO 2 can be activated only under UV-light 

irradiation that contains 4% of sunlight. Therefore, it is possible to increase the TiO 2 absorption 

towards the visible doping with non-metallic elements such as the Nitrogen and Sulfur. The sol-gel 

method is one of the most successful techniques for preparing photocatalyst with high photocatalytic 

activities. 

In this research, we studied about preparation and characterization of the N-S co-doped TiO 2 

in methanol, ethanol and isopropanol by sol-gel method. 

Methods 

The N-S co-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method using Titanium (IV) 

isopropoxide as a titania precursor, thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source. Thiourea was dissolved in 

methanol, ethanol and isopropanol. The samples were heated at 120°C for 2 hour and were calcined at 

various temperatures from 300 ° C to 700 ° C and were characterized by XRD, Raman, EA, SEM and 

UV-Vis/DR. 

Results 

The XRD result showed that N-S co-doped TiO 2 calcined at 500°C using methanol, ethanol and 

isopropanol as a solvent. The catalysts which prepared by used methanol and ethanol as solvent are 

observed as anatase phase while isopropanol is appeared in mixed anatase/rutile phase. The crystallite 

sizes of the catalysts prepared in those three solvents were found to be 16, 12 and 13 nm, respectively. 

The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the N-S co-doped TiO 2 samples showed a stronger 

absorption in the visible light region and a red shift in the adsorption edge. 

Conclusion 

The N-S co-doped TiO 2 photocatalysts were synthesized by sol-gel method using methanol, 

ethanol and isopropanol as a solvent. It was found that type of solvent significantly influences in the 

particle size of nanocrystalline TiO 2 .The co-doped TiO 2 exhibited a stronger absorption in the visible 

light region and giving rise to absorption edge at 500-550 nm. 

Keywords: N-S co-doped TiO 2 , photocatalyst, sol-gel method 


1. Yu, J.; Zhou, M.; Cheng, B. and Zhao, X. J. Mol. Catal., 2006, 246, 176-184. 

2. Gnanam, S.; Rehendran, V. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2010, 53, 555-559. 

Wanlapa Chitchiaranai (วัลลภา จิตตเจียรนัย) M.Sc. Student 


Kasetsart University, Thailand, General Science, B.Sc. 2008 


S3-P6 

Screening and Characterization of Fungal Lipase from Soil 

Predaporn Yotmek and Somporn Tojai 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and technology , 

Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat-Nasan Rd, Surat Thani 84100, Thailand. 


Lipases are importance enzymes in our life and widely used for many industries such as 

pharmaceutical, food, dairy, detergent, textile, pulp and paper and cosmetics. Microbial lipases can be 

produced in large quantities and are quite stable under non-natural conditions such as high 

temperatures and nonaqueous organic solvents, they were employed in many applications. 

The aims of present study are to screening and characterization of fungal lipase from soil. 

Methods 

The copper soap colorimetric method 2 was used for lipase activity assay. The selective medium 

for isolation of lipase producing fungi used PDA agar and supplemented with 1% (w/v) olive oil 

emulsion and 1 % tween 80. The small pieces of mycelium showing clear zone were cut off and 

repeatedly inoculated on new selective media for the isolation. 

The organism was cultivated in solid media containing the different ratios of broken rice and rice 

bran. Samples were withdrawn at different time intervals and the optimization of enzyme 

extractionswere studied. 

Results 

The isolated of fungal lipase, should be Aspergillus sp. The optimum conditions for lipase 

production were, the ratio of broken rice:rice brain in solid medium was 20:80 and extracted lipase 

with 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.5 after the cultivation up to 45 hours. Maximal enzyme activity 

was 0.44 U/mL. 

Conclusion 

The morphology of selected lipase producing fungi was identified as Aspergillus awamori. 

Various conditions of lipase extraction have been optimized. 

Keywords: fungal lipase, screening, characterization, copper soap colorimetry 


1. Ko, W. H.; Wang, I. T.; Ann, P. J. Soil Biol. Biochem., 2005, 37, 597-599. 

2. Saisuburamaniyan, N.; Krithika, L.; Dileena, K.P.; Sivasubramanian, S.; Puvanakrishnan, R. Anal. 

Biochem., 2004, 330, 70-73. 

3. Shukla, P.; Gupta, K. J. App. Sci. Environ. Sanit. Sby, 2007, 2, 35-42. 

Preedaporn Yotmek (ปรีดาพร ยศเมฆ) M.Ed. Student 


Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Ed. 2007 

Research field: chemical education

S3-P7 

Screening and Characterization of Bacterial Lipase from Soil 

Suthasinee Naknoi and Somporn Tojai 


Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat-Nasan Rd. Surat-Thani 84100, Thailand. 


Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the 

hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, fatty acids and glycerol at the 

interface between aqueous and the lipid phase. Lipases have been widely used in many industrial 

fields such as organic synthesis, paper manufacture, oleochemistry, dairy industry and detergent 

production 1 . Therefore, there is an increasing interest in lipase and lipase-production sources for 

biotechnological application. Some microorganisms are known to have the ability to produce lipase 

and soil is a reservoir of a large and diverse microbial population 2 . 

The aims of this study are to screening and characterization of bacterial lipase from soil. 

Methods 

Screening of lipolytic bacteria was based on the formation of clear zones around the colonies 

grown on modified GYP agar media. The microbial suspensions were diluted with sterilized water 

and spread on the screening media. The plates were incubated at 34 °C for 3 days. The colonies 

showing clear zones were collected and repeatedly streaked for the isolation. The 1 day culture was 

inoculated into liquid medium for the production of lipase. In order to increase lipase production, the 

effects of pH, temperature and nutritional factors were studied. The copper soap colormetric method 

was used for the detection of lipase activity. 

Results 

Four isolated bacterium were selected and that one, Bacillus sp. was chosen for the present study. 

It was gram positive, rod shape bacteria (size of app. 1-2). Maximal lipase activity was 0.78 Unit/mL 

Conclusion 

A lipolytic bacterium identified as Bacillus sp. was screened and isolated. The nutritional factors 

of the production medium were optimized with olive oil as lipase inducer and a combination of 

peptone as nitrogen source. 

Keywords: lipase, soil isolates, 


1. Ko, W. H.; Wang, I. T.; Ann, P. J. Soi. Biol. Biochem., 2005, 37, 597-599. 

2. Saisuburamaniyan, N.; Krithika, L.; Dileena, K.P.; Sivasubramanian, S.; Puvanakrishnan R. Anal. 

Biochem., 2004, 330, 70-73. 

Suthasinee Naknoi (สุธาสินี นาคนอย) M.Ed. Student 

b 1984 in Surat-Thani, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, General Science, B.Sc. 2007 


S3-P8 

Chemical Analysis in Virgin Coconut Oil 

Sunee Chinkort, Somporn Tojai and Chutima Septhum 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat 

University, Surat-nasan Rd, Surat-Thani 84100, Thailand. 


The newest high value coconut product in Virgin coconut oil (VCO).The fats developing niche 

and high value markets for VCO as a food supplement, a body metabolizes and carried oil for 

aromatherapy, a hair conditioner and as other application. VCO is considered as a nutritional because 

it as shown many useful properties such as, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, boosts the immune 

system, protects against heart disease by increasingly high demit lipoprotein (HbL) etc. 

VCO is the purest from of coconut oil, essentially colourless. It has sweet coconut aroma acid 

should not have off flavors or a sour taste. VCO can be produced directly from the fresh comminuted 

coconut meat or from coconut milk or coconut milk residue, which each process exhibits different 

characteristics. 

The aim of present study is the comparison of some VCO characteristics produced by wet and 

dry process. 

Methods 

VCO was produced by modified fermentation method (wet process) and cold press. The acid 

value, saponification value, iodine value and peroxide value determined by IUPAC (1966) : II. D.1.2, 

D.2, D.7.1 and D.13 methods respectively. 

Results 

The acid value, saponification value, iodine value and peroxide value of VCO produced by wet 

and dry process are shows in Table 1 

Table 1 The chemical analysis of VCO produced by wet and dry process. 

Item Characteristic Thai Industrial 

Virgin coconut oil 

Standard 

Wet 

Dry 

1 Acid value (mg KOH/g) 4 0.11-1.31 0.11-0.44 

2 Saponification value 

248 – 264 250-264 254-264 

(mg KOH/g) 

4 Iodine balue wijs 7-11 8.56-9.44 8.35-10.02 

5 Peroxide value (milliequivalents 

peroxide oxygen / kg) 3 1.32-2.30 1.32-3.04 

Conclusion 

The result of chemical analysis in VCO produced by wet and dry process, It is in the range of 

Thai Industrial Standard. 

Keywords: virgin coconut oil, chemical analysis 

References 

1. Thai Industrial Standard Instiute. Thai Industrial Standard for Coconut Oil. 1997, 1-6. 

2. Bawalan, Divina.D.; Chapaman K.R. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.Thailand. 2006, 10-15. 

Sunee Chinkort (สุนีย ชินโคตร) M.Ed. Student 

1984 in Samutprakarn, Thailand 

Rajabhat Surat Thani University, B.Sc. 2007 


S3-P9 

Corundum Alumina Supported Strontium 

as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 

Zit Boonchuchauy, a Vituruch Goodwin b and Jonggol Tantirungrotechai a 

a Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 

b National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Paholyothin Rd, 



Transesterification reaction is one of the common methods for biodiesel production, which is 

catalyzed by a base catalyst. SrO shows high base strength compared to MgO and CaO. Corundum 

alumina (α-Al 2 O 3 ) is one of the common naturally occurring phases of alumina with high crystallinity. 

The combination between alkaline earth metal and alumina can increase the effectiveness of solid 

base catalysts. In this work, the strontium supported on corundum alumina was used to catalyze 

transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol. 

Methods 

An aqueous solution of strontium nitrate was prepared at desired concentration, and corundum 

alumina was added to the solution with stirring. After 3 h, the solvent was evaporated at 100 °C with 

stirring and the solid powder was calcined at 550 °C for 2 h under N 2 flow. The catalysts were 

characterized and tested for activities in transesterification. 

Results 

After wet impregnation and calcination, strontium carbonate was found as a main phase in 

addition to corundum in all samples. The base strength of all samples was in the range of 15 - 18.4. 

Transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol at 70 °C for 30 min using the catalyst with 

Al/Sr molar ratio of 1/0.19, 1/0.28, and 1/0.37 provided 28.93%, 81.64%, and 92.35% of FAME 

yield, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Strontium supported on corundum alumina exhibited high base strength. The transesterification of 

soybean oil with methanol under the presence of Sr/Al 2 O 3 (Al/Sr = 1/0.37) showed highest catalytic 

activity compared to other catalysts with lower molar ratio of Al/Sr. 

Keywords: strontium, corundum alumina, solid base catalyst, biodiesel 


1. Liu, X.; He, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, S. Catal. Commun., 2007, 8, 1107-1111. 

2. Morterra, C.; Magnacca, G. Catal. Today, 1996, 27, 497-532. 

3. Umdu, E.; Tuncer, M.; Seker, E. Bioresource Technol., 2009, 100, 2828-2831. 

Zit Boonchuchauy (ศิต บุญชูชวย) M.Sc. Student 




Research field: heterogeneous base catalysts, mesoporous materials, biodiesel production

S3-P10 

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Catalyzed by 

Cu/Bidentate Ligand with Ferrocene Moiety 

Udomchai Tewasekson and Ekasith Somsook 

NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama Vi Rd., Tungphayathai, Rachathewi, Bangkok 10400 

Thailand. 


Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) is one of the “controlled/living” polymerization 

which can yield polymer product with narrow molecular weight distribution. This process is based on 

chemical equilibrium of transition metal complex (catalyst). 

In this work, the effect of ferrocene moiety in the ATRP’s catalyst will be investigated. 

Methods 

Copper iminopyridine complexes were used in Activator Generated by Electron Transfer (AGET) 

ATRP of methyl methacrylate with ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. 

Results 

The polymerization by complex with ferrocene moiety yield product 80% in 5 hours without 

reducing agent whiles the other yield only 10% in 20 hours in the present of ascorbic acid. 

Conclusion 

Copper/bidentate ligand with ferrocene moiety can catalyze polymerization of MMA without 

reducing agent. These may result from redox property of ferrocene that enhance electron transfer in 

complex. 

Keywords: ATRP, ferrocene 


1. Matyjaszewski, K.; Xia, J. ISI Chem Rev., 2001, 101, 2921-2990. 

2. Matyjaszewski, K.; Jakubowski, W. Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 4139-4146. 

3. Sunsin, A.; Wisutsri, S.; Suriyarak, S.; Teanchai, R.; Jindabot, S.; Chaicharoenwimolkul, L.; Somsook, E. 

J. Appl. Pol. Sci, 2009, 113, 3766-3773. 

Udomchai Tewasekson (อุดมชัย เทวะเศกสรรค) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 


S3-P11 

Copper Complexes Featuring Tripodal “Click” Ligand 

Nonglak Khunoad and Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul 




Recently 4-R-1,2,3-triazole (“click”) compounds have found applications in many fields of 

chemistry, including catalysis. In this work, tris(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanol and its 

corresponding copper complexes were prepared and their catalytic activity toward Atom Transfer 

Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was investigated. 

Methods 

Tris(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanol compound (1) was prepared via 1,3-dipolar 

cycloaddition of tris(trimethylsilylethynyl)methanol (3.1 mmol) with 3 equiv of benzyl azide (9.4 

mmol) catalyzed by 25mol% CuSO 4 .5H 2 O and ascorbic acid in methanol (Figure 1). The desired click 

compound (1) was purified by crystallization from ethyl acetate to afford analytically pure 1 in 29% 

yield (0.89 mmol). 

Figure 1. Synthesis of the tris(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanol (1) 

Results 

Compound (1) was obtained in a relatively low yield (29%). An attempt to improve the reaction 

condition is currently in progress. In addition, complexation of 1 with CuBr 2 resulted is a new 

copper(II) complex. 

Conclusion 

Tris(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanol was successfully prepared and a new copper(II) 

complex was obtained. 

Keywords: click ligand, ATRP 


1. Özçubukçu, S.; Ozkal, E.; Jimeno, C.; Pericàs, A. M. Org. Lett., 2009, 20, 4680. 

2. Lee, B.; Park, R. S.; Jeon, B. H.; Kim, S. K. Tetrahedron Lett., 2006, 47, 5105. 

Nonglak Khunoad (นงลักษณ ขุนโอษฐ) M.Sc. Student 

b1979 in Nakornratchasima, Thailand 



Research field: metal-catalyzed polymerization.

S3-P12 

Copper-catalyzed ATRP of MMA Supported by Click-substituted 

Tripodal Ligands 

Purmpoon Maisopa and Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul 




To study the catalytic activity of copper complexes featuring 1,2,3-triazole substituent for ATRP 

of methyl methacrylate (MMA). 

Methods 

Tripropargylamine (1.35 mmol) reacted with 3 equiv of aryl azides,ferrocenyl azide, or 

trimethylsilylmethyl azide (4.06 mmol) to afford tetradentate tris(alkyltriazolylmethyl)amine 

ligands via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click”) reaction (Figure 1). Investigation of these ligand as 

supports for copper-catalyzed ATRP of MMA at 90°C with ethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate as initiator was 

carried out. 

Figure 1. General synthetic procedures for 1–5 

Results 

Analytically pure compounds 1–5 were obtained in 63% – 93% yield.These compounds were 

characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR Spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and LC-MS. For bulk polymerization 

of MMA using the CuBr/1 catalyst, the reaction reached a 36% conversion after 0.5 h (PDI= 1.9) 

while CuBr/1 resulted in a monomer conversion of 95% after 15 h (PDI= 1.4). 

Conclusion 

Compounds 1–5 were successfully synthesized and characterized. Ligands 1 and 2 are effective as 

catalyst supports for ATRP of MMA. 

Keywords: atom transfer radical polymerization, click, MMA 


1. Matyjaszewski, K.; Xia, J., Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 2921-2990. 

2. Lee, B.-Y.; Park, S. R.; Jeon, H. B.; Kim, K. S., Tetrahedron Lett., 2006, 47, 5105-5109. 

Purmpoon Maisopa (เพิ่มพูน ใหมโสภา) M.Sc. Student 


King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand, Industrial Chemistry, 

B.Sc. 2007 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008-present 

Research field: organometallics and catalysis

S3-P13 

Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Incorporated 

Mesoporous Silica 

Pharawee Thananupappaisal, a Boonyawan Yoosuk, b Nawin Viriya-empikul, c Kajornsak Faungnawakij c 

and Jonggol Tantirungrotechai d 

a Materials Science and Engineering Program, Multi Disciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 

b National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand. 

c National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand. 

d Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol 

University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 


Mesoporous silica (MCM-41 type) materials can be applied in many works, such as sensing, 

separation, and catalysis, due to their high surface area (> 700 m 2 /g), high hydrothermal stability, and easy 

modification to achieve active sites. In this work, we synthesized and modified MCM-41 materials with 

calcium ions in order to increase their basicity. 

Methods 

Calcium incorporated mesoporous silica was synthesized by template-assisted hydrothermal method 

and followed by calcination to remove template and obtain mesoporous materials. 

NaOH + CTAB + TEOS + Ca-source 80°C Ca-source-MCM (white solid) 

2 h 

The materials were evaluated by themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis 

(DTA). Phase and pore ordering of the samples were identified by powder x-ray diffraction technique. 

Calcium incorporated MCM-41 mesostructure was confirmed by N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. 

Moreover, their base strength was determined by carbon dioxide temperature programed desorption (CO 2 - 

TPD) technique and Hammett indicator method. 

Results 

The TGA results showed a total weight loss of 40% corresponding to the decomposition of organic 

template and the condensation of calcium hydroxide. The XRD patterns at low-angle for all calcium 

incorporated samples indicated the ordered mesoporous structure of MCM-41; however, the degree of 

ordering was lower than that of pure MCM-41. Wide-angle XRD patterns showed amorphous silica. N 2 

adsorption-desorption isotherms of all samples were of type IV. Pure MCM-41 has a narrow pore size 

distribution centered at ca. 26.7 Å and the highest surface area (1176 m 2 /g). However, Ca-MCM samples 

possess a bimodal distribution, one from mesopores and the other from collapsed pores. For the base 

strength of Ca-MCM, the sample derived from CaO source has the highest strength (9.8≤pK HB +≤10.1), 

which was consistent with TPD studies. 

Conclusion 

Ordered hexagonal mesoporous calcium incorporated MCM-41 samples were prepared by a 

hydrothermal method. Calcium oxide is the best calcium source for sample preparation because, after 

calcium incorporation, the silica mesoporous structure was retained and CaO-MCM sample has a high 

surface area and base strength. 

Keywords: mesoporous silica, MCM-41, calcium incorporated mesoporous silica 


1. Beck, J. S.; Vartuli, J. C.; Roth, W. J.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Kresge, C. T.; Schmitt, K. D.; Chu, C. T. W.; D. 

H. Olson, Sheppard, E. W.; McCullen, S. B.; Higgins, J. B.; Schlenker, J. L.; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 

10834-10843. 

2. Lin, V. S.-Y.; Nieweg, J. A.; Verkade, J. G.; Reddy, C. R. V.; Kern, C. in US 2008/0021232 A1, 2008. 

Pharawee Thananupappaisal (ภารวี ธนานุภาพไพศาล) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: materials science, catalysis

S3-P14 

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of 

Nitrogen and Iron(III) Co-doped TiO 2 

Patsaya Songkhum a and Jonggol Tantirungrotechai b 

a Materials Science and Engineering Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400 

Thailand. 

b Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 


A novel photocatalyst for environmental clean-up application has attracted attention as the best 

solution for degradation of pollutants. Although conventional photocatalysts have revealed 

outstanding properties in photocatalysis, their efficiency is still limited. For example, their electronic 

band structures are in UV region which accounted for only 5% of solar spectrum. Titanium dioxide 

(TiO 2 ) is the widely studied photocatalyst. It can be modified in various ways, metal or non-metal 

doped TiO 2 , to better serve the waste water treatment. In this work, we focused on modification of 

TiO 2 with nitrogen and iron(III) dopants and studied the photocatalytic activity for methyl orange 

degradation. 

Methods 

Nitrogen and iron(III) co-doped TiO 2 (N-Fe-TiO 2 ) samples were synthesized via combining 

modified sol-gel and hydrothermal method that used alkyl amine as both a nitrogen source and a pore 

directing agent. 

Results 

The synthesized TiO 2 samples consist of hydroxyl, amine and Ti-O bridging groups as the main 

functional groups. After calcination, XRD analysis shows anatase phase structure. ESR technique 

indicates the presence of Fe 3+ with g-value of 2.00 for the modified TiO 2 samples. In addition, the 

absorption edge of the modified TiO 2 is slightly shifted to visible region. The photocatalytic activity 

of modified TiO 2 was achieved under UV light irradiation. 

Conclusion 

The dopants improve crystalline size of the modified TiO 2 samples; and Fe 3+ ions are present in 

TiO 2 lattice. Corresponding with UV/vis spectra, the TiO 2 samples show photocatalytic activity under 

UV light. 

Keywords: co-doped TiO 2 , sol-gel, hydrothermal, photocatalytic activity, UV region 


1. Hao, H.; Zhang, J. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 121, 52-57. 

2. Zhu, J.; Chen, F.; Zhang, J.; Chen, H.; Anpo, M. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: 

Chemistry, 2006, 180, 196-204. 

Patsaya Songkhum (ภัทรศยา ทรงคํา) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Materials Science and Engineering Program, M.Sc. 

Research field: photocatalysis, waste water purification

S3-P15 

Development of Asymmetric Catalysts for Diethylzinc Addition Reaction 

Pannapat Chotmongkolsap and Jonggol Tantirungrotechai 

Center for Catalysis,Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 



The enantioselective reaction of dialkylzinc addition using chiral Ti complex as catalyst is a 

potential approach to synthesize chiral alcohol from aldehyde substrate. Notably, tetraaryl-1,3- 

dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL) is a well known chiral ligand giving high selectivity. 

To prepare chiral catalyst of Ti-TADDOL 

To determine conversion and selectivity of diethylzinc addition reaction using Ti-TADDOL chiral 

catalyst 

Methods 

Initially, dioxolane backbone was prepared via ketalization of dimethyl L-tartrate with 2,2- 

dimethoxy propane. Subsequently, alkylation of mediated product was carried out with 

phenylmagnesium bromide to obtain TADDOL. The catalytic reaction was carried out by introducing 

diethylzinc solution to a mixture of Ti precursor, TADDOL, and benzaldehyde in dry toluene at -30 

o C. Then, the reacton mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h, and finally, the quenched with 

1M HCl. The alcohol adduct was purified by extraction with CH 2 Cl 2 . 

Results 

After purification, white solid of TADDOL was achieved at 18% yield. In addition, the catalytic 

product was a colorless liquid. The structure of TADDOL and catalytic product were confirmed by 

1 H-NMR. 

Conclusion 

TADDOL can be synthesized with a moderate yield and Ti-TADDOL complex was active for 

asymmetric diethylzinc addition. 

Keywords: asymmetric catalysis, dialkylzinc addition, TADDOL 


1. Narasaka, K.; Iwasawa, N.; Inoue, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 5340-5345. 

2. Yeori, A.; Groysman, S.; Goldberg, I.; Kol, M. Inorg. Chem., 2005, 44, 4466-4468. 

Pannapat Chotmongkolsap (ปณณพัฒน โชติมงคลทรัพย ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: heterogeneous catalysis

S3-P16 

Quality Assessment of Biodiesel Produced with SrO/Al 2 O 3 

Solid Base Catalyst 

Atitaya Aree and Jonggol Tantirungrotechai 

Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 



1. To investigate the transesterification of various types of vegetable oils to biodiesel with 

SrO/Al 2 O 3 solid base catalyst. 

2. To evaluate the quality of biodiesel product obtained from transesterification of various types of 

vegetable oils with SrO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst. 

Methods 

In this work, SrO/Al 2 O 3 was used as a solid base catalyst for transesterification of vegetable oil. 

The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation method, calcined at 550 C for 2 h under nitrogen 

atmosphere (ramp rate 1 C/min), and used immediately for transesterification. The transesterification 

reaction was set to reflux at 78 C for 3 h, with a 1:12 molar ratio of oil to methanol and a catalyst 

amount of 5 wt.%. The yield of biodiesel was determined by 1 H-NMR and GC techniques. 

Assessment of some biodiesel qualities was conducted; those qualities were acid value (AV), 

saponification value, and iodine value (IV). Composition of the biodiesel was also characterized by 

GC. 

Results 

The SrO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was found to be active for transesterification of all types of vegetable oil 

tested (soybean, palm, sunflower, corn, and coconut oils) and provided more than 90% yield within 3 

h. The acid value, the saponification value, and the iodine value of the biodiesel products are in the 

range of 0.12-0.24 mg KOH/g, 186.50-190.70 mg KOH/g, and 8.73-8.80 g I 2 /100g, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The SrO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst shows high efficiency for transesterification of various types of vegetable 

oil. The types of vegetable oil feedstock only have a small effect on the acid value, the saponification 

value, and the iodine value of the biodiesel products. 

Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification, solid base, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 


1. Xuejun, L.; Huayang H.; Yujun, W. Catal. Commun., 2007, 8, 1107-1111. 

2. Bryan, R. M. Renew. Energy, 2011, 36, 1221-1226. 

Atitaya Aree (อธิตยา อารีย) M.Sc. Student 

25 Jan. 1987 in Sisaket, Thailand 

Khon Kean University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Mahidol University, Thailand, The Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry Program, 

M.Sc. 2009-Present 

Research field: alternative energy

S3-P17 

Synthesis of Complexes Supported by 

Nitrogen-based Tetradentate Ligands Featuring “Click Reaction” 

Kannika Sitthisuwannakul and Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul 




“Click” reaction has been extensively studied during the past decade. Its advantages include high 

product yields under mild reaction conditions and chemically robust products. Herein, we chose to 

synthesize new tetradentate ligands containing click (1,2,3-triazole) substituents for the construction 

of various metal-coordination complexes. In the future, these complexes will be investigated as 

catalysts for olefin epoxidation reaction. 

Methods 

The click compound A was synthesized from reaction of N 1 ,N 2 –dipropargylbenzene-1,2-diamine 

(0.20 g, 1.1 mmol) and benzyl azide (0.47 g, 3.5 mmol) using CuI as a catalyst (0.21 g, 1.1 mmol) in 

the presence of NEt 3 (0.38 ml, 2.8 mmol) (Scheme 1). The click product was purified by layering of 

pentane onto the THF solution of A to afford the desired product in 87% yield (0.43 g). 

Scheme 1. 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction for the click compound A 

Results 

The “click” tetradentate ligand A was isolated as a light yellow needle solid. It was characterized 

by NMR spectroscopy technique. 1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.37-7.32 (m, 7H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 

3H), 6.77-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.67 (m, 2H), 5.47 (s, 4H), 4.37 (s, 4H). 13 C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 

146.8, 137.1, 134.8, 129.2, 128.8, 128.1, 121.8, 120.0, 113.0, 54.3, 40.5 ppm. 

Conclusion 

A new “click” tetradentate ligand A was successfully synthesized. Its coordination to metal 

centers and catalytic activities of such complexes will be investigated in olefin epoxidation reaction. 

Keywords: click, tetradentate ligand 


1. Hao, E.; Wang, Z.; Jiao, L. Wang, S. Dalton Trans, 2010, 39, 2660-2666. 

Kannika Sitthisuwannakul (กรรณิกา สิทธิสุวรรณกุล) M.Sc. Student 




2009-present 


S3-P18 

Synthesis and Characterization of the Single-site N 2 O 2 

Tin(II) Complexes for Ring-opening Polymerization of Lactide 

Siriwan Praban and Khamphee Phomphrai 




Polylactide (PLA) is attractive polymer because of potential biomedical and pharmaceutical 

applications such as orthopedics, drug delivery, sutures, and scaffolds. This is of great interest for 

sustainable reaction due to the environmentally friendly processes. Tin (II) complexes were 

synthesized and used as catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters such as 

lactide. 

To synthesize and study the tin (II) complexes for ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide 

Methods 

Ligands were designed to have different substitutions on the ortho-position (t-Bu, CH 3 ) and N- 

containing side arm (NEt 2 , py, CH 3 ) of aryl ring (R = t-Bu, E = CH 2 NEt 2 , 2a; R = t-Bu, E = py, 2b) 

The tin (II) complexes were then synthesized from the reaction of the corresponding ligands with 

Sn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 as shown in Scheme 1. 

Scheme 1. Synthesis of tin (II) complexes 

Results 

The tin (II) complexes (2a-b) were colourless solid. The complexes were characterized by using 

1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis technique. For ROP polymerization of L- 

lactide, complex 2a has the highest catalytic activity. 

Conclusion 

The N 2 O 2 tin (II) complexes were successfully synthesized. These complexes are active for the 

polymerization of L-lactide. 

Keywords: lactide, N 2 O 2 bis(phenoxy)-amine ligand, tin (II) complex 


1. Wu, J.; Yu, T. L.; Chen, C.T.; Lin, C. C., Coordination Chem. Rev, 2006, 250, 602–626. 

2. Sarazin, Y.; Howard R. H.; Hughes D.L.; Humphrey, S. M.; Bochmann, M., Dalton trans., 2006, 340-350. 

Siriwan Praban (ศิริวรรณ พราบรรณ) M.Sc. Student 





Research field: organometallic and catalysis for polymerization

S3-P19 

Transesterification of Vegetable Oils from Different Sources 

Catalyzed by Catalysts Prepared by Using Vermicelli as a Template 

Sasinida Khongchamdee and Ekasith Somsook 



Thailand. 


The demand for energy is increasing in everyday. Thus the world searches for the new alternative 

fuel resources. In Thailand, biodiesel seems to be a solution for the future. Transesterification is the 

most common reaction to produce the biodiesel. In this work, vermicelli was used as a template for 

synthesizing catalysts for biodiesel productions . The objective of this research is to study the 

biodiesel production from different sources using catalysts prepared by using vermicelli as a template. 

Methods 

The catalysts (KF/vermicelli) was prepared by soaking vermicelli in KF solution which was 

heated by the microwave (100 watt) for 5 minutes. After that calcined at 800°C for 5 hours. The 

catalysts (KF/Ca(NO 3 ) 2 /vermicelli) was prepared by soaking vermicelli in KF solution which was 

heated by the microwave (100 watt) for 3 minutes and washed for one time. Then calcium nitrate 

solution was added in svermicelli which was heated for 3 minutes and washed for one time and 

calcined at 800°C for 5 hours. 

The transesterification reactions of different oils set reflux at 65°C with oil/methanol molar ratio 

1:15, catalyst amount 10 %wt, and 1 hour. The biodeisel was analysis by H-NMR and GC technique. 

Results 

The KF/vermicelli can catalyze biodiesel in transesterification reaction for 1 h. The KF with the 

vermicelli catalyst was active for biodiesel production with an excellent yield percentage but this 

catalyst had a disadvantage that moisture could be readily absorbed. The addition of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 

affected the better catalyst properties resulting to the yield percentages of biodiesel and the stability of 

catalysts. 

Conclusion 

The vermicelli can use as the template for the catalyst and active for biodiesel production. 

Keywords: biodiesel, transesterification reactions 


1. Demirbas, A.; Biodisel A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines; Springer: London, 2008. 

2. Xie, W.; Huang, X.; Catal. Lett., 2006, 107(1-2), 53-59. 

Sasinida Khongchamdee (ศศิณิฎา คงแชมดี) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. Research 

field: catalysis

S3-P20 

Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Catalyzed by 

Ferricinium Doped-MnO 2 

Achjana Khamthip and Ekasith Somsook 



Thailand. 


To synthesize and characterize ferricinium doped MnO 2 . 

To investigate the catalytic activity of ferricinium doped-MnO 2 on the aerobic oxidation of benzyl 

alcohol. 

To study effect of substituted group of benzyl alcohol on the catalytic activity of ferricinium 

doped-MnO 2 . 

Methods 

Ferricinium doped-MnO 2 catalysts were synthesized by the reaction between KMnO 4 solution and 

ferricinium (ferrocene in conc. H 2 SO 4 ). Ferricinium-doped MnO 2 were characterized by XRD, FTIR 

and N 2 absorption/desorption. And then the prepared catalyst was used as a catalyst for the 

oxidationof alcohols in toluene solvent at 110 C for 3h. The products of the reaction were analyzed 

by GC with a HP-5 column and FID detector. 

Results 

The XRD result showed that ferricinium doped-MnO 2 catalysts had an amorphous phase. FTIR 

spectrum showed Mn-O band. The specific surface area of the catalyst increased when increasing 

amount of ferricinium. The aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol using ferricinium doped-MnO 2 

showed the excellent conversion percentage. The catalytic activity of ferricinium-doped 

manganese(IV) oxide on the aerobic oxidation of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol and 4- methoxybenzyl 

alcohol were more active than benzyl alcohol. And the aerobic oxidation of 4-bomobenzyl alcohol 

and 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol showed the lower conversion percentage than benzyl alcohol. 

Conclusion 

Ferricinium doped-MnO 2 catalyst showed the high catalytic activity for the oxidation of benzyl 

alcohol to benzaldehyde. The catalyst can oxidize aromatic alcohols with an electron-donating group 

at the higher conversion percentage than the one with an electron- withdrawing group. 

Keywords: aerobic oxidation, benzyl alcohol, ferricinium doped-MnO 2 


1. Ding, K. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2010, 5, 72-87. 

2. Tang, Q.; Liu, T.; Yang, Y. Catal. Commun. 2008, 9(15), 2570-2573. 

Achjana Khamthip (อัจจนา ขําทิพย) M.Sc. Student 






S3-P21 

Synthesis of Stereo-block Polylactide 

Srisuda Patamma, Parichat Piromjitpong and Khamphee Phomphrai 




Polylactide (PLA) is biodegradable polymers derived from lactic acid. It comes from renewable 

resources such as corn, wheat and sugar beet. Stereo-block PLA consists of PLA having different 

tacticity. The stereo-block PLA is expected to have new and interesting physical properties leading to 

new applications for PLA. 

To synthesize stereo-block polylactide 

Methods 

Stereo-block PLA was made by sequential addition of L-lactide and rac-lactide to the catalyst 

such as Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct) 2 ) giving a block of isotactic and atactic PLA. 

Results 

PLLA was obtained from the polymerization of L-lactide. The polymer was characterized by 1 H 

NMR and GPC. Subsequent addition of rac-lactide to the reaction mixture gave the stereo-block PLA 

as indicated by 1 H NMR and GPC. 

Conclusion 

Stereo-block PLA having atactic-isotactic block was synthesized and characterized. 

Keywords: polylactide and stereoblock 


1. Chisholm, H. M.; Gallucci, J.; Phomphrai, K. Inorg. Chem. 2002, 41, 2785-2795. 

2. Dechy-Cabaret, O.; Martin-Vaca, B.; Bourissou, D. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 6147-6176. 

Srisuda Patamma (ศรีสุดา ปาทํามา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Loei, Thailand 




Research field: organometallic and catalysis for polymerization

S3-P22 

Synthesis and Characterization of Tin(II) Complexes 

for the Polymerization of Cyclic Esters 

Parichat Piromjitpong, Srisuda Patamma and Khamphee Phomphrai 




Recently, polymers derived from cyclic esters such as lactide, glycolide, and ε–caprolactone are 

of interest and widely used in pharmaceutical industries due to their biocompatibility and 

biodegradability. These polymers are synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic 

esters using ligated metal complexes as initiators or catalysts. In this work, we focus on the synthesis 

of novel tin (II) complexes, the investigation of steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the 

ligands and the study of the catalytic activity of the synthesized tin (II) complexes in the 

polymerization of cyclic esters. 

Methods 

The catalysts contained ligands derived from Schiff’s base having different substituents. The 

ligands were synthesized as shown in Scheme 1. Then the tin (II) complexes were synthesized from 

the reaction of the corresponding ligands with Sn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 . 

N 

O 

R 

+ 

NH 2 

R 

acetic acid 7-8 drops 

MeOH, RT, overnight 

N 

R 

N 

R 

NaBH 4 

EtOH, RT, overnight 

N 

R 

HN 

R 

Scheme 1. Synthesis of amine ligands 

a : R = H 

b : R = CH 3 

c : R = C 2 H 5 

d : R = C 3 H 7 

Results 

The tin (II) complexes (a-d) were obtained as dark gray solid in moderate yield. All of tin (II) 

complexes were characterized by using 1 H, 13 C-NMR and elemental analysis. 

Conclusion 

The novel tin (II) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized. They will be tested 

for the polymerization activity of cyclic esters. 

Keywords: tin(II) complexes, polymerization, cyclic ester 


1. Huang, Z.; Song, K.; Liu, F.; Long, J.; Hu, H.; Gao, H.; Wu, Q. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: 

Polymer Chemistry, 2008, 46, 1618-1628. 

Parichat Piromjitpong (ปาริชาติ ภิรมจิตรผอง) Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, The Inorganic Chemistry Program, Ph.D. 2009-Present 

Research field: catalyst design, inorganic materials, and renewable energy

S3-P23 

Synthesis and Characterizations of Tin(II) Complexes Containing 

2-Iminopyrrolyl Ligands 

Sadanan Kerdpocha and Khamphee Phomphrai 

Center for Catalysis,Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 



Biodegradable polymers from L-lactide and ε-caprolactone are useful for making recyclable 

plastics that are environmentally friendly (easy to reuse and recycle). This research has a purpose to 

synthesize and characterize tin (II) complexes containing 2-iminopyrrolyl ligand. These complexes 

will be used as catalyst for the polymerization of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone. 

Methods 

The ligand were synthesized by mixing pyrrol-2-carboxaldehyde with aniline, 2,6- 

dimethylaniline, 2,6-diethylaniline, or 2,6-diisopropyllaniline. Two equivalents of ligands (LH) were 

reacted with Sn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 giving a complex in the form L 2 Sn. These complexes were characterized 

by 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. They were used as catalyst for the polymerization of L- 

lactide and ε-caprolactone. 

Results 

The tin (II) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized by NMR and elemental 

analysis giving the product in moderate to high yield. Preliminary results revealed that they were 

active as a catalyst for the polymerization of cyclic esters. 

Conclusion 

Steric hindrance imposed by the ligands has pronounced effect on the polymerization rates. 

Keywords: catalyst, biodegradable polymer, lactide 


1. Anderson, C. E. Dalton Trans., 2006, 5362-5378. 

2. Yi Yang, B. L. Organometallics, 2007, 26(18), 4574-4584. 

3. Fukada, H; Amimoto, K.; Koyama, H.; Kawato, T. Org. Biomol. Chem, 2003, 1(9), 1578-1583. 

Sadanan Kerdpocha (ศดานันท เกิดโพชา) M.Sc. Student 


The University of Utah, the U.S.A, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2003 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2011 


S3-P24 

Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles on C-C Bond Forming in 

the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction 

Patcharin Kaewmati, a Hidehiro Sakurai b and Ekasith Somsook a 

a NANOCAST Laboratory, Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 


Thailand. 

b Research Center for Molecular Scale Nanoscience Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan. 


Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is a powerful construction of sp 2 carbon-carbon bonds in 

organic chemistry and the well known catalyst in this reaciton is palladium metal. However, there was 

a report about the excellent catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles in the Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling 

reaction. 

In the course of the development new nanocatalysts, gold nanoparticles stabilized by polyaniline 

(PANI) and its derivatives such as poly(o-aminothiophenol) and poly(m-aminophenol) have been 

rescrutinized. 

Methods 

Results 

The results from 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and GC-MS showed biphenyl product of homo-coupling 

reaction. 

Conclusion 

Gold nanoparticles stabilized by Polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives such as Poly(oaminothiophenol) 

and poly (m-aminophenol) showed the catalytic activity of homo-coupling of 

chlorobenzoic acid and phenylboronic acid instead of the cross-coupling reaction. 

Keywords: gold nanoparticles, polyaniline (PANI), cross-coupling reaction. 


1. Han, J.; Lui, Y.; Gu, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 2060–2061. 

2. Chaicharoenwimolkul, L.; Munmai, A.; Chairam, S.; Tewasekson, U.; Sapudom, S.; Lakliang, Y.; 

Somsook, E.; Tetrahedron Lett., 2008, 49, 7299–7302. 

Patcharin Kaewmati (พัชรินทร แกวมาธิ) M.Sc. Student 





S3-P25 

Degradation of Dye Using M(II)-Titanium Compound Photocatalyst 

Petdaw Karoh and Sumpun Wongnawa 




M(II)-titanium in this research is barium titanate and was synthesized via the oxalate route. Barium 

titanate is a type of ceramic material and has a perroveskite structure. Toxicity of dyes are very 

important in the viewpoint of environmental protection because they include many toxicity and have 

other harmful environmental effects. Research on barium titanate in the decomposition of dye has 

appeared only a few. The decomposition of dye with barium titanate is interesting because of the 

relatively simple synthetic method and similar band gap energy to titanium dioxide. 

Methods 

Barium titanate synthesis via oxalate route can be illustrated as follows 

TiO 2 + 2K 2 C 2 O 4 K 2 TiO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 + K 2 O (1) 

K 2 TiO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 + BaCl 2 Ba-Ti-Oxalate + 2KCl (2) 

Ba-Ti-Oxalate calcine barium titanate + CO 2 (3) 

Results 

The FT-IR spectra showed band of C-C of oxalate ligand in products(before calcination ) so 

barium titanium oxalate seems to have been synthesized according to equation(2). After calcination 

the product was characterized with XRD to be barium titanate according to the reference data. From 

the DRS spectra, band gap energy of barium titanium oxalate and barium titanate were calculated as 

3.18, 3.20, respectively. Barium titanium oxalate and barium titanate can degrade dye but barium 

titanium oxalate showed higher efficiency than barium titanate. 

Conclusion 

Barium titanium oxalate and barium titanate can be prepared via oxalate route and calcination. The 

band gap energies of both are close to the value of commercial titanium dioxide. They also showed 

the photocatalytic property in the same way as titanium dioxide photocatalyst. 

Keywords: barium titanate, photocatalyst, oxalate route. 


1. Zielinska, B.; Borowiak-Palen, E.; Kalenczuk, R. J. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ., 2008, 33, 1797–1802. 

2. Zalas, M.; Laniecki, M. J. Sol. Energ. Mater. Sol. Cells, 2005, 89, 287–296. 

Petdaw Karoh (เพชรดาว กาเราะ) M.Sc. Student 


Research field: photocatalyst and nanomaterials.

S3-P26 

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye by TiO 2 Doped with Some Anions 

Sutatip Jiansiri and Sumpun Wongnawa 




Anion doping TiO 2 with elements like nitrogen, sulfur, carbon and fluorine has been investigated 

by several researchers in order to cause a red shift of the absorbance. Narrowing of the band gap of 

TiO 2 upon doping was responsible for the enhanced visible light activity. The aim of this work is to 

study the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 by doping with some selected anions. 

Methods 

Amorphous TiO 2 was synthesized via the sol-gel method by using titanium (IV) tetrachloride as a 

starting material. Fluorine and nitrogen codoped TiO 2 (F-N-TiO 2 ) was prepared by the wet 

impregnation. NH 4 F·HF was dissolved in distilled water and then added to amorphous TiO 2 . The 

solution was treated by hydrochloric acid until the pH value was 3.6 and then stirred for 24 h. The 

white precipitate was filtered and washed with distilled water until free of chloride ion. The product 

was dried at 40 °C and characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, PL, UV-DRS, UV-Vis techniques. 

Results 

The result from XRD technique confirmed that the undoped powder was amorphous TiO 2 

showing a flat base line without any diffraction pattern. The doped sample F-N-TiO 2 showed sharp 

characteristic diffraction peak of anatase phase. Amorphous TiO 2 and F-N-TiO 2 exhibited high 

surface area at 478.41m 2 g -1 and 274.85m 2 g -1 , respectively. The band gap energy of amorphous TiO 2 

and F-N-TiO 2 were 3.18 and 3.10 eV, respectively. The absorption edge shifted toward longer 

wavelength indicating a decrease in the band gap energy of TiO 2 . 

Photoactivity of F-N-TiO 2 was studied by indigo carmine degradation in aqueous solution under 

both UV and visible light irradiation. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation efficiency was 

greater than 90% after 5 h. 

Conclusion 

F-N-TiO 2 prepared in this work showed higher activity for indigo carmine photodegradation than 

that of amorphous TiO 2 both under UV and visible light irradiation. 

Keywords: anions doping, photocatalysis, dye degradation, titanium dioxide, sol-gel method 


1. Kanna, M.; Wongnawa, S. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2008, 110, 166-175. 

2. Park, H.; Choi, W. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2004, 108, 4086-4093. 

3. Huang, D. G.; Liao, S. J.; Liu, J. M.; Dang, Z.; Petrik, L. J. Photoch. Photobio. A, 2006, 184, 282-288. 

Sutatip Jiansiri (สุธาทิพย เจียรศิริ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: photocatalysts and nanomaterial.

S3-P27 

Photocatalytic Activities of ZnO Thin Films Prepared 

by Sol-gel Dip-coating Method 

Kanokwan Thongsuriwong, a Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk a and Sumetha Suwanboon b 


University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 



Photocatalytic self-cleaning glass has been launching on building market in order to reduce the 

cleaning costs of window glass. ZnO is one of the effective metal oxides that show a high 

photocatalytic activity. However, this property of ZnO thin film has been few reported. In this work, 

we report the photocatalytic activity and wettability of ZnO thin films prepared by a sol-gel dipcoating 

method as a simple and low cost technique. 

Methods 

Sol solution was prepared by dissolution between Zn 2+ and monoethanolamine (MEA) in ethanol. 

Glass slides were dipped into the sol solution with the withdrawal speed at 1 cm/min. After ten times 

of dipping procedure, the as-coated films were calcined at 400 C for 1 h. The photocatalytic activity 

was investigated by mean of the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. 

Results 

All prepared films shown the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of ZnO in the wurtzite structure 

and show a high transparent mode over 85 % in a visible region. Using ZnO thin film as a 

photocatalyst, a temporal change of the absorption spectra of MB solution under UV irradiation 

confirm the efficiency of ZnO thin film for degradation of MB. Furthermore, it can inhibit the 

adsorption of dye on ZnO coated glass comparing with a bare glass. 

Conclusion 

ZnO thin films were successfully prepared by the sol-gel dip-coating method. These films show 

the photocatalytic activities that can be applied for the photocatalytic self-cleaning glass. 

Keywords: zinc oxide, thin film, dip-coating method. 


1. Liu, H.; Feng, L.; Zhal, J.; Jiang, L.; Zhu, D. Langmuir, 2004, 20, 5659-5661. 

2. Kuznetsov, AV.; Xiong, M. Int Comm Heat Mass Trans, 2002, 29, 35-44. 

3. Li, Y.; Cai, W.; Duan, G.; Cao, B.; Sun, F.; Lu, F. J Colloid Inter Sci, 2005, 287, 634-639. 

Kanokwan Thongsuriwong (กนกวรรณ ทองสุริวงศ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Songkla, Thailand 

Thaksin University, Thailand, Science-Chemistry, B.Ed. 2006 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemical Studies, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: material chemistry

S3-P28 

Photocatalytically Active Amorphous TiO 2 Doped with M(III) Ions 

Supat Buddee, Uraiwan Sirimahachai, Sumpun Wongnawa and Walailak Puetpaibool 




Amorphous TiO 2 normally is not active under UV-vis light illumination, however, it has one 

interesting property: the high surface area which can lead to high adsorptivity. The aim of this work is 

to improve the photocatalytic property of the amorphous TiO 2 by doping it with Cr(III) and Fe(III) 

ions. 

Methods 

Amorphous TiO 2 was prepared by sol-gel method from reaction between TiCl 4 and NH 4 OH. 

Chromium(III)-doped TiO 2 (Cr-TiO 2 ) and iron(III)-doped TiO 2 (Fe-TiO 2 ) were prepared by 

impregnation method. Photocatalytic study was carried out by evaluating the dye degradation 

efficiency under UV-vis irradiation. 

Results 

Characterization with several techniques showed that M(III) ions had no effect on the phase of 

TiO 2 , however, some physical properties were changed, such as absorption edge shifted toward longer 

wavelength and decreasing of surface area. Photocatalytic result showed the doped catalyst 

completely degraded methylene blue aqueous solution under both UV and visible light irradiation. 

Conclusion 

The results are very encouraging that the doping can turn the previously near inert amorphous 

TiO 2 to a quite respectable photo-catalyst: almost as good as the commercial ones under UV light and 

even better under visible light. Moreover, the used catalysts can be recycled many times without any 

special treatment. 

Keywords: amorphous TiO 2 , doped TiO 2 , photocatalyst, dye degradation 


1. Buddee, S.; Wongnawa, S.; Sirimahachai,U.; Puetpaibool, W. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2010. Accepted. 

2. Kanna, M.; Wongnawa, S.; Buddee, S.; Dilokkhunakul, K.; Pinpithak, P. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2010, 53, 

162-170. 

Supat Buddee (สุพัฒน บุตรดี) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: photocatalyst and nanomaterials

S3-P29 

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye Using Ag–TiO 2 Catalyst 

Hasan Dopo and Sumpun Wongnawa 




TiO 2 photocatalyst is limited by the high recombination rate of photoinduced electron–hole pairs 

formed in photocatalytic processes and by the absorption capability for visible light of photocatalyst. 

One of the ways to reduce electron–hole recombination and to change the energy band of TiO 2 is by 

loading with some noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Rd, and Au. These metallic dopants can capture the 

photoinduced electrons or holes, reducing the recombination of electron–hole pairs effectively and to 

change the energy band of TiO 2 . In this study, the photocatalytic degradations of the Rhodamine B 

(Rh B) dye in the aqueous suspensions of Ag–TiO 2 under visible and UV light irradiation were 

studied in order to improve the photocatalytic activity. 

Methods 

The different Ag/Ti molar ratio Ag–TiO 2 photocatalyst were prepared. Titanium (IV) chloride 

was used for the synthesis of the amorphous TiO 2 . The product was doped with silver ion using 

AgNO 3 . The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, DRS, IR, BET surface area and the 

morphology of Ag–TiO 2 was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For photocatalysis, 50 

mL of Rh B solution containing the catalyst was used. The suspension was stirred for 30 min in the 

dark to establish the adsorption/desorption equilibrium and then irradiated. At specific time intervals 4 

mL of the samples was centrifuged to separate the catalyst. The filtrates were analyzed by UV–vis 

spectrophotometer. 

Results 

The major phase of Ag–TiO 2 particles was an amorphous phase. The reflectance spectra of 0.5, 1, 

2, and 5 mol% Ag doped TiO 2 catalysts exhibited shifts of the absorbance edge to the visible light 

region. The doped samples have lower band gap energies than the undoped amorphous TiO 2 . The 

particles prepared with different Ag ion contents showed finer particles and were more uniformly 

distributed than the undoped amorphous TiO 2 . The doped Ag particles act as electron traps and 

enhance the TiO 2 photocatalytic activity. 

Conclusion 

The higher activity of Ag–TiO 2 than undoped amorphous TiO 2 is due to the enhancement of 

electron–hole separation by the electron trapping of Ag particles. The photocatalytic efficiency 

increases with an increase in the Ag metal loading up to the optimum level. 

Keywords: photodegradation, Rhodamine B dye, Ag–TiO 2 photocatalyst, recombination rate 


1. Michael, K.S.; Reenamole, G.; Patrick, F.; Suresh, C. P. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem., 2007, 189, 

258–263. 

2. Yen H. L.; Chih, W. L.; Min, C. C. J. mater. Sci., 2008, 43, 5005–5013. 

3. Dawid, W.; Elzbieta, B.; Robert, P. S.; Magdalena, E.-W.; Jacek, G.; Paweł, N.; Piotr, W. ; Izumi, K. Appl. 

Mater. Interf., 2010, 2, 1945–1953. 

Hasan Dopo (ฮาซัน ดอปอ) Ph.D. student 


Yala Rajabhat University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2005 

Research field: photocatalyst and nanomaterials

S3-P30 

Kinetic Studies of Polyesterification of D-Lactic Acid 

Anuchit Thaemsuk, Kanarat Nalampang, Winita Punyodom and Puttinun Meepowpan 




Nowadays, biodegradable plastics are strongly considered to be replaced petrochemical plastics, 

which cause environment and waste management problems. The biodegradable polymers that have 

been widely used and very interesting in terms of degradability is poly(lactic acid), which shown 

different optical isomers are poly(L-lactic acid), poly(D-lactic acid) and poly(DL-lactic acid) 

In this study, we interest in D-lactic acid which can be polymerized to poly(D-lactic acid) via 

polyesterification with different catalyst and temperatures. The polyesterification kinetics is studied as 

followed mechanism which proposed by Chen and Wu [1982]. 

To study of the kinetics of the polyesterification of D-lactic acid with various conditions such as 

temperatures and catalyst types. 

Methods 

All reactions were carried out under nitrogen with the exclusion of water and oxygen from the 

reactants. The isothermal temperature of the reactants was continuously monitored and carefully 

controlled at 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180C. The rates of polyesterification with 3 catalysts between 

PTSA, stannous(II) octoate and stannous(II) n-butoxide were compared. The progress of the reaction 

was monitored by determining the carboxyl group content. Extent of reaction was then plotted against 

time. 

Results 

The reaction profiles in the condition with higher temperatures exhibit higher extent of reaction 

significantly at the same time. The stannous(II) n-butoxide showed similar efficiency in the same 

manner as an acid catalyst similar to PTSA. This gives an advantage in the process of D-lactide 

synthesis because stannous(II) n-butoxide can acts as acid catalyst for polyesterification (from D- 

lactic acid to low molecular weight PDLA) and thermal degradation by cyclization (low molecular 

weight PDLA to D-lactide at high temperature route). 

Conclusion 

The kinetic studies of polyesterification were carried out by measurement the reduction of 

carboxylic group with time at different temperatures and types of catalyst. The soluble stannous(II) n- 

butoxide can be employed as polyesterification catalyst which gives similar reaction profile to PTSA 

acid catalyst. Therefore, D-lactide synthesis process can be performed effectively by using only novel 

stannous catalyst as single catalyst. 

Keywords: D-lactic acid, kinetics of polyesterification, poly(D-lactic acid) 


1. Chen, A. C.; Wu, K. C. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 1959, 20, 1819-1831. 

2. Nalampang, K.; Johnson, A. F. Polymer, 2003, 44, 6103-6109. 

Anuchit Thaemsuk (อนุชิต แถมสุข) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: biodegradable polymers Synthesis

S3-P31 

Theoretical Study of Ring-opening Polymerization 

of –Caprolactone Initiated by Tin(II) Alkoxides 

Chanchai Sattayanon, a Nawee Kungwan, a,b Winita Punyodom a,b and Puttinan Meepowpan a,b 



b Biomedical Polymers Technology Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 



Poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL, is a synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyester, notably in the specialist 

biomedical areas such as drug delivery systems and 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering. A convenient 

synthetic route to PCL is a ring-opening polymerization (ROP) via coordination-insertion mechanism with 

metal catalyst. Tin(II) alkoxides, the most widely use of metal catalyst in coordination-insertion, are 

suitable for the ROP catalyst because of their solubility and ease of handling. In the polymerization 

process, tin(II) alkoxides can completely control the ROP of CL and give the high MW polymers. And, 

their kinetic studies showed very interesting results. However, a clear description of their ROP 

mechanisms is still ambiguous. So that, the quantum chemistry calculation and transition state theory 

(TST) will be used to investigate the reaction mechanism and reaction rate constant. 

Methods 

Quantum chemical calculation was used to investigate the ROP mechanism of -caprolactone (CL) 

initiated by tin(II) alkoxides, Sn(OR) 2 when R = n-C 4 H 9 , i-C 4 H 9 , t-C 4 H 9 , n-C 6 H 13 and n-C 8 H 17 . 

Geometries, energies and vibrational frequencies of all stationary points along with reaction profiles were 

computed using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP level with mixed basis set. The thermal rate 

constants of the reactions were calculated using transition state theory (TST) method. 

Results 

Our calculation results support a coordination-insertion mechanism initiated by tin(II) alkoxide with 

two transition states and six steps of reaction prior to the ROP. From the energy profile, all initiators 

demonstrated exothermic reaction and the rate-determining step is the nucleophilic attack of tin(II) 

alkoxide on the exo-ring carbonyl carbon of ε-caprolactone at the first transition state (TS1). The rate 

constants obtained from TST are suited with available experimental that the more temperature of states 

increases, the more rate constants increase. 

Conclusion 

The ROP of CL via coordination-insertion mechanism using tin(II) alkoxide as initiator is succeeded. 

The TS1 step is the rate determining step and overall reaction is exothermic. The Sn(OR) 2 with R having 

n-C 4 H 9 has the lowest apparent energy barriers resulting in the fastest rate constant under the same 

condition among all five initiators. The calculated rate constants of all initiators by transition state theory 

are in good agreement with experimental results. 

Keywords: ring-opening polymerization, coordination-insertion mechanism, -caprolactone, tin(II) 

alkoxides, density functional theory, transition state theory 


1. Dumklang, M.; Pattawong, N.; Punyodom, W.; Meepowpan, P.; Molloy, R.; Hoffman, M. Chiang Mai J. 

Sci., 2009, 36(2), 1-13. 

2. Khanna, A.; Sudha, Y.; Pillai, S.; Rath, S. J. Mol. Model, 2008, 14, 367-374. 

3. von Schenck, H.; Ryner, M.; Albertsson, A.-C.; Svensson, M. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 1556-1562. 

Chanchai Sattayanon (ชาญชัย สัตยนนท) M.Sc. Student 


Walailak University, Thailand, Computational Science, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: computational chemistry, polymer catalyst

S3-P32 

Kinetic Studies of the Titanium(IV) Alkoxide-initiated Bulk 

Ring-opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone by 

Differential Scanning Calorimetry 

Wijitra Meelua, a,b Robert Molloy, a,c Puttinan Meepowpan a,b and Winita Punyodom a,b 





c Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of -caprolactone (CL) in bulk to produce poly(caprolactone) 

(PCL) is most effectively carried out via a coordination-insertion type mechanism [1]. 

For this purpose, titanium(IV) alkoxides (Ti(OR) 4 ) are of interest as initiators due to their high 

reactivity, miscibility and low toxicity [2]. In this study, the kinetics of the ROP of CL using various 

Ti(OR) 4 initiators have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 

Methods 

Kinetic DSC studies (both dynamic and isothermal methods) of the ROP of CL using 1.0 mole % 

of 4 different Ti(OR) 4 initiators, namely: Ti(IV) n-propoxide (Ti(On-C 3 H 7 ) 4 ), Ti(IV) n-butoxide 

(Ti(On-C 4 H 9 ) 4 ), Ti(IV) t-butoxide (Ti(Ot-C 4 H 9 ) 4 ) and Ti(IV) 2-ethylhexyloxide (Ti(O-C 9 H 17 ) 4 were 

performed on a Perkin-Elmer DSC 7 Differential Scanning Calorimeter. 

Results 

The values of the activation energy (E a ) for polymerization obtained from the dynamic and 

isothermal methods were found to be similar. The lowest E a value was obtained for the Ti(On-C 3 H 7 ) 4 

initiator and is thought to be due to the n-propoxide groups, being the smallest in size, giving the least 

steric hindrance to monomer coordination and insertion into the Ti-O bond. 

Conclusion 

The rate of the bulk ROP of CL depends, to some extent at least, on the degree of steric hindrance 

of the alkoxy groups to the coordination-insertion mechanism of initiation/propagation. The results 

here demonstrate that Ti(OR) 4 are efficient initiators for the ROP of -caprolactone. 

Keywords: titanium(IV) alkoxide, -caprolactone, ring-opening polymerization, differential 

scanning calorimetry, activation energy 


1. Albertsson, A. C.;Varma, I. K. Biomacromolecules, 2003, 4, 1466-1486. 

2. Verkade, J. G.; Kindel, J. G. US Patent, 0009687 A1, 2005. 

Wijitra Meelua (วิจิตรา มีเหลือ) Ph.D. Student 

23 September 1983 in Nan, Thailand 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Industrial Chemistry, B.Sc. 2006 

Research field: polymer chemistry

S3-P33 

A New Recipe for Studying the Chemical Oscillation in the 

Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction 

Titikan Somboon and On-Uma Kheowan 




The Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, involves the oxidation of an organics species 

such as malonic acid by an acidified bromate solution in the presence of a metal ion catalyst. It is one 

of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics resulting 

in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The objective of this work is to study the 

chemical oscillation under the effect of applying an acetone to the BZ reaction. 

Methods 

The standard recipe used in this study consists of 0.05 M of NaBrO 3 , 0.20 M of malonic acid, 

1x10 -4 M of Ru(bpy) 3 SO 4 , 0.5 M of H 2 SO 4 . The method used to observe the chemical oscillation is the 

potentiometric one. To detect the concentration change of the metal catalyst, the Pt electrode and 

Ag/AgCl reference electrode is applied. In this system the bromide concentration is also detected by 

using the bromide ion selective electrode. These electrodes are connected to a bench top pH meter. 

The potentials from Pt electrode and Bromide electrode are recorded with time. 

Results 

To improve the BZ system the bromine remover such as acetone is applied to the system. We 

found that if the concentration of acetone is increased the number of oscillation increases. The 

amplitude of oscillation in a function of time decreases slowly if the concentration of acetone is 

increased. The period of oscillation decreases with increasing of the acetone concentration. The 

chemical oscillation can be prolonged if increasing the concentration of acetone. However, the 

concentration of applied acetone should not be very high. There should have some amount of bromine 

left in the system to generate or maintain the oscillation. In our work the optimal acetone 

concentration for long lasting oscillation is about 0.04 M. 

Conclusion 

It is obvious that under the optimal concentration of acetone the lifetime of oscillation 

under the condition of applying acetone to the BZ solution can be prolonged compared to the 

recipe without acetone. 

Keywords: chemical oscillator, Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, potentiometry 


1. V. Gáspár, G. Bazsa, M. T. Beck, Z. phys. Chemie, Leipzig, 1983, 264, 43-48. 

2. S. K. Scott, “Oscillations, waves, and chaos in chemical kinetics”, Oxford university press, New York, 1994. 

Titikan Somboon (ฐิติกานต สมบูรณ) Ph.D. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: nonlinear, kinetic, and pattern formation

S3-P34 

Turbulence Pattern in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction 

Suparinthon Anupong and On-Uma Kheowan 




Turbulence pattern exists abundantly in the nature such as current flow and cardiac muscle. It 

gives crucial influence to unstable and dangerous behavior of many systems. The Bolusov- 

Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction is a well-known media for observing the pattern. In particular, we found an 

instability of the waves that occurs in the bromated–1,4-cyclohexanedione (CHD) system. From the 

literatures, oxygen gas might be a key source responsible for occurring of the turbulence pattern. 

In our work, we optimized the experimental conditions: the gel thickness, the volume of the BZ 

solution. After that, we found that oxygen gas does not play an important role for the occurrence of 

turbulence pattern. Finally, we propose the new hypothesis to explain the mechanism of the occurring 

of turbulence pattern. 

Methods 

The BZ reaction was prepared in a dish. The catalyst, Ru(bpy) 3 SO 4 , was immobilized in the silica 

gel and it was covered with the BZ solution that consists of sodium bromate, CHD, sulfuric acid, and 

sodium bromide. Oxygen gas was flowed at flow rate 4 ml/min for 20 min. The images of the pattern 

were captured by a CCD camera. 

Results 

The optimized gel thickness and the volume of the BZ solution were 0.27 mm and 7.0 ml, 

respectively, because the wave pattern is not too complicated and instability of waves can be 

observed. To confirm that oxygen is the key parameter, the nitrogen and argon gas were used in case 

of non-oxygen atmosphere. Instability of waves still occurs in the non-oxygen gas, so the oxygen gas 

is not the factor that make turbulence occurs. After that we propose the new hypothesis that the wave 

pattern occurs in both the solution and gel layer. And then the two layers of waves interact with each 

other that makes the instability occurs. 

Conclusion 

Oxygen gas is not the factor that make turbulence occurs. We can prove that our new hypothesis 

can explain the mechanism of the occurrence of turbulence pattern. Later, we’ll try to distinguish 

order and disorder pattern in quantitatively. 

Keywords: turbulence, disorder waves, irregular waves, bolusov-zhabotinsky, 1,4-cyclohexanedione 

(CHD) 


1. Markus, M.; Czajka, A. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1998, 289, 35-40. 

2. Szalai, I.; Kurin-Csörgei, K.; Epstein, I. R. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2003, 107, 10074-10081. 

Suparinthon Anupong (ศุภรินทร อนุพงศ) Ph.D. Student 



Research field: chemical physics, nonlinear, pattern formation

S3-P35 

Effect of Large Particle TiO 2 Content in Light Scattering Layer on the 

Efficiency of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell 

Somphop Morada, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Tinnagon Keawin, Sayant Saengsuwan, Vinich Promarak 

and Taweesak Sudyoadsuk 

Center for Organic Electronics and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 



Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) have recently emerged as a promising inexpensive alternative to 

conventional p–n junction solar cells. Light management is some choices to optimization the DSC. In 

preliminary study, the effect of large particle TiO 2 content in scattering layer (SL) on the DSC 

efficiency was investigated. 

Methods 

The multilayered TiO 2 nanostructure films for DSC were fabricated by screen-printing method. 

The nanocrystalline TiO 2 (nc-TiO 2 ) paste was prepared as reference [1] by using 21-nm TiO 2 powder 

(P-25, Evonik). The mixture of 21 nm-TiO 2 and 400 nm-TiO 2 (Fluka) powers were used for light 

scattering (SL) paste preparation. The measurement are carried out in sealed cell with the 

glass/SnO 2 :F/nc-TiO 2 /SL-TiO 2 /I - /I 3 - /SnO 2 :F (Pt)/glass composition under AM1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ) 

illumination. 

Results 

Figure 1 shows the dependence of power conversion efficiency (PCE) on the 400 nm-TiO 2 

particle content in the light scattering layer, which varied in the rage from 10-40 wt%. The PCE is 

decreased by increase in large particle TiO 2 content. The highest PCE of 3.2±0.3 % was achieved 

when using the 10 wt% 400 nm-TiO 2 particle as a light scattering layer. 

Figure 1. Power conversion efficiency of DSC with difference 400 nm-TiO 2 content. 

Conclusion 

In this preliminary studied, it found that the 10wt% 400 nm-TiO 2 particle is suitable for the light 

scattering layer of DSC. The improvement DSC performance is under investigated. 

Keywords: DSC, light scattering layer 


1. Ito, S.; Murakami, T. N.; Comte, P. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516, 4613-4619. 

2. Koo, H. J.; Park, J.; Yoo, B. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2008, 361, 677-683. 

Somphop Morada (สมภพ มรดา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Dye-sensitized solar cell, Photovoltaic cell, Optoelectronics

S3-P36 

Theoretical Investigation of Carbazole-fluorene Derivatives 

for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs): DFT and TD-DFT Study 

Yaowarat Surakhot, Janeeya Kunchalee, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Kaewin, Sayant Saengsuwan, 

Vinich Promarak, and Siriporn Jungsuttiwong 




In this work, the structural and energetic properties of carbazole-fluorene derivatives to form 

D-π-A system were investigated theoretically by means of quantum mechanical calculations based on 

the density functional theory (DFT). The effects of increasing thiophene units and different anchoring 

group (acrylic and cyanoacrylic acid) were investigated. 

Methods 

All calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level, as implement in 

Gaussian 03 program package. The vertical excitation energies (E g ) and the electronic absorption 

wavelengths of carbazole-fluorene derivatives were investigated using time-dependent density 

functional theory (TD-DFT/B3LYP) at the same optimized basis set. 

Results 

The ground-state structures of molecules were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level. The 

first excitation energies (E g ) and maximal absorption wavelength were determined using time – 

dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the same level. The E g values for CzFT1CN, 

CzFT2CN, CzFT1A and CzFT2A were 2.99, 2.58, 3.29 and 2.89 eV respectively. These 

computational results will be compared with experiment data. 

N 

C 6 

H 13 

C 6 

H 13 

S 

H 

COOH 

n = 1-2 

N 

S 

C 6 

H 13 

C 6 

H 13 

NC 

COOH 

n = 1-2 

Figure 1. Sketch map of the structures 

of CzFTnA (top) and CzFTnCN (down) 

Figure 2. Frontier molecular orbitals of 

CzFTnA and CzFTnCN 

Conclusion 

The carbazole-fluorene derivatives have been investigated by DFT and TDDFT at the B3LYP/6- 

31G(d,p). We found that these calculated results strongly agree with experimental observations, 

therefore this method can be employed to predict structural and optical properties for new and 

improved DSCs. 

Keywords: carbazole, fluorene, TD-DFT, D-π-A, DSCs 


1. Kim, D.; Lee, J.K.; Kang, S.O.; Ko, J. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 1913–1922. 

2. Kim, S.; Choi, H.; Kim, D.; Song, K.; Kanga, S. O.; Ko, J. Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 9206–9212. 

Yaowarat Surakhot (เยาวรัตน สุระโคตร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Sri-sa-ket, Thailand 


Research field: theoretical study, OLEDs and DSCs

S3-P37 

Optimization of Multilayer TiO 2 Electrodes for Dye-sensitized 

Solar Cells (DSSCs) 

Theerawat Naowanon, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk and Sayant Seangsuwan 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Ubon Ratchathani University, Sathonlamark Rd, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. 


Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were interested with decreasing of other nature powers. 

Photoelecto-chemical solar cell based on dye-sensitized solar TiO 2 are considered as alternatives to 

conventional silicon solar cells because of their low cost and high conversion efficiency [1]. DSSCs 

consist of a porous TiO 2 photoanode sensitized by Ru-complex dye, a liquid electrolyte containing redox 

couple (I - 3/I - ), and Pt-coated counter electrode [2]. TiO 2 electrode is an important part because it functions 

transport electron to external load. TiO 2 particle contents in paste affect to DSSC efficiency due to dye 

molecule adsorption depend on TiO 2 loading. Moreover, the effect of TiO 2 layer thickness of working 

electrode on DSSCs efficiency will also be studied. 

Methods 

TiO 2 paste was fabricated by screen printing with active area of 0.25 cm 2 . TiO 2 screen on FTO (1 - 6 

layers) was burned at 450 o C for 30 min then it was dipped in 0.4 mM of N3 solution for 24 h. The Pt thin 

film was deposited on FTO glass with dropping method. Pt electrode was burned at 450 o C for 30 min. 

The DSSCs was assembled by putting together the prepared TiO 2 electrode and Pt electrode with syrlyn 

sealant inserting between these two electrodes. Then the DSSCs were heated for melting syrlyn sealant. 

The electrolyte was injected to space between TiO 2 electrode and Pt electrode by vacuum pump. Finally, 

the open-circuit voltage (V oc ), shot - circuit current density (J sc ), fill factor (FF) as well as energy 

conversion efficiency (η) of DSSCs are measured. The equipment used to illuminate the DSSC at 100 

mWcm -2 was a solar simulator. The reported values were averaged from six experiments. The efficiency of 

DSSCs at difference TiO 2 layers were presented in Table 1. 

Results 

Table 1 The photoelectric performance of DSSCs at difference TiO 2 layers. 

Conclusion 

The thickness of TiO 2 layers increased with increasing of screen printing times. The short-circuit 

current density increased with increasing of TiO 2 layer thickness and begin to reduce at TiO 2 of four 

layers. Reducing of short-circuit current density was due to some cracking on TiO 2 surfaces. The cracking 

induces the difficulty of electron transport. The highest energy conversion efficiency of 4.42 % is obtained 

from the cell fabricated with 3 TiO 2 layers. 

Keywords: solar cell, multilayer, DSSCs 

Sample V oc J sc FF η (%) 

(V) (mA/cm 2 ) 

1 L TiO 2 0.83 ±0.06 5.76 ±1.40 0.54±0.06 2.52 ±0.27 

2 L TiO 2 0.82 ±0.05 7.50 ±0.79 0.52 ±0.03 3.21 ±0.22 

3 L TiO 2 0.78 ±0.03 10.98 ±1.41 0.52 ±0.04 4.42 ±0.21 

4 L TiO 2 0.74 ±0.04 9.26 ±1.23 0.49 ±0.05 3.28 ±0.05 

5 L TiO 2 0.64 ±0.04 8.15 ±1.51 0.43 ±0.04 2.23 ±0.24 

6 L TiO 2 0.64 ±0.03 4.99 ±0.85 0.41 ±0.03 1.33 ±0.24 


1. Jeong Y.; Lee D.; Song J.; Kim S.; Sung Y.; Kim W. Journal Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 2004, 4, 499-503. 

2. Kin K.; Park N.; Kang M.; Kwang S.; Chang S. Bullet Korean Chemistry Sociation, 2006, 27(2), 322-324. 

Theerawat Naowanon (ธีรวัชร เนาวนนท) Ph.D. Student 

b1983 in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Polymer Science, B.Sc. 2004 

Khon Kean University, Thailand, Polymer Science, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: dye sensitized solar cell, gel polymer electrolytes

S3-P38 

Preparation of Novel Gel Polyelectrolyte for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 

Thitaporn Kwanprachatham and Panya Sunintaboon 




The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on quasi-solid state electrolyte is attractive, because it 

can provide high ionic conductivity, good contacting with photoelectrode, and low volatile of solvent. 

In this work, core-shell nanoparticles of poly(methyl methacrylate ) (PMMA) /polyethylene imine 

(PEI) were synthesized. The PMMA in the core can form gel state with carbonate solvents by 

intermolecular interaction in a suitable concentration. Moreover, PEI shell can be quaternized, leading 

to the positive charges that could increase ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and DSSC 

performance. 

Methods 

The PMMA/PEI core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized via emulsion polymerization using 

tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an initiator. The obtained particles were further methylated with 

iodomethane. Then, the gelation was occurred by mixing those particles with carbonate solvents 

(Ethylene carbonate, Propylene carbonate, and Dimethyl carbonate). These products were 

characterized by FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, Zetasizer, Mastersizer, conductivity measurement. 

Results 

The PEI/PMMA particles had the percent conversion 83% to 89% and the solid content around 

13%.These particles had the diameter size measured from Mastersizer in range of 179-192 nm and the 

Zeta potential presented positive charge approximately 41-67 mV. The methylation of PEI/PMMA 

particles were confirmed by 1 H-NMR. Both unmethylated and methylated PEI/PMMA gels were 

characterized by the FT-IR spectroscopy to confirm the intermolecular interaction between particles 

and carbonate solvents. Both PEI/PMMA gels were subjected to conductivity measurement, and it 

was found that the conductivity decreased when the concentration of PEI/PMMA particles in the gels 

increased. 

Conclusion 

The core-shell PEI/PMMA nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion polymerisation initiated 

by TBHP. The obtained particles can form gel by intermolecular interaction with a mixture of 

carbonate solvents. The DSSC based on quasi-solid state electrolyte could be prepared and their 

DSSC performance will be conducted. 

Keywords: polymer gel electrolyte, core-shell nanoparticle 


1. Yang H.; Huang M., et al., Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2008, 110, 38-42. 

2. Verheul R. J.; Amidi M., et al., Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 3642-3649. 

Thitaporn Kwanprachatham (ฐิตาพร ขวัญประชาธรรม) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: polymer gel electrolyte, core-shell nanoparticle, and dye-sensitized solar cell

S3-P39 

The Preparation Pt-based Ternary Catalysts Support on Treated 

Carbon N115 by Reflux Method for PEMFC 

Siwat Thungprasert and Thapanee Sarakonsri 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University, 



Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was considered a low-temperature 

electrochemical cell. It combines hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce electricity, heat and water. It 

also represents an environmentally friendly technology and typical attracting considerable interest. To 

obtain reasonable cell efficiency, Pt catalyst will be apply for hydrogen reaction at anode and oxygen 

reaction at cathode. However, the drawback of using Pt catalyst for cathode was an over-potential and 

two-electron pathway was observed. This research was aimed to synthesize Pt-based ternary catalysts 

to increase fuel cell activity towards the ORR and decrease amount of Pt in catalysts. 

Methods 

Carbon (N115) was treated by first, heating in H 2 SO 4 at 60 °C for 2hr., secondly, heating in KOH 

at 60 °C for 2hr. and lastly, stirring in hydrogen peroxide for 48hr. Treated carbon was then filtered, 

washed with methanol, and dried in oven at 70°C for 1 night. The carbon was characterized its 

functional groups by IR. The catalysts were prepared by reducing hydrogen hexachloroplatinate (IV) 

and metal nitride (Pt-Co-Cr, Pt-Co-Cu, Pt-Co-Ni and Pt-Co-Fe) with reflux method in ethylene glycol 

at pH 9 under N 2 atmosphere. The reaction was heated at 170 °C for 8 hour. The products powder 

were filtered and washed with methanol. The product catalysts were then characterized using 

techniques including XRD, EDS, SEM, and TEM. 

Results 

The IR pattern showed carboxyl group on treated carbon. The XRD pattern showed platinumcopper 

alloy, platinum-cobalt alloy, cobalt-copper alloy and carbon phases in Pt-Co-Cu/C. Other 

products, only platinum and carbon in were observed. The EDS indicates all metals, oxygen and 

carbon in catalysts. The SEM and TEM images indicate well metal dispersion on treated carbon 

support surface and particles size were 2.00-4.00 nm. 

Conclusion 

Pt-base catalysts can be synthesized by reflux method. The metals particles size on carbon were 

small and well dispersed.Three catalysts (PtCoCr, PtCoFe and PtCoNi) contain platinum metal and 

transition metal supported on carbon N115, except PtCoCu contain platinum-copper alloy and cobalt. 

Keywords: PEMFC, cathode catalyst, ternary catalysts, reflux 


1. Sarakonsri T.; Thungprasert S.; Klysubun W.; Vilaithong T., Phys. Scr., 2010, T139, 014007. 

2. Antolini E., Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 74, 324-336. 

3. Antolini E., Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 74, 337-350. 

4. Seo A.; Lee J.; Han K.; Kim H., Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 52, 1603-1611. 

5. W. Roh.; Cho J.; Kim H., J. Appl. Electrochem., 1996, 26, 623-630. 

Siwat Thungprasert (ศิวัช ตั้งประเสริฐ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1982 in Chiang mai, Thailand 

Chiang mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2003 

Chiang mai University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 

Research field: fuel cell

S3-P40 

Structural Study of Iron-arrowroot Starch and Iron-cassava Starch 

in the Solution by EXAFS 

Atchaleeya Jinasan, Ekasith Somsook 



Thailand. 


Iron is essential for most living organisms because it is required for many metabolic processes 

including drug metabolism. Heme iron is derived from hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that 

delivers oxygen to cells and non-heme iron is from plant foods. Iron deficiency anemia is a decrease 

in the number of red blood cells. Recently in our laboratory, ir was found that local starch such as 

arrowroot and cassava could increase the solubility of iron(III) in the solution. To explain this 

phenomena, the local structures of iron-saccharide samples will be needed. The aim of this work is to 

determine the solution structure of iron-arrowroot starch and iron-cassava starch by EXAFS. 

Method 

The EXAFS data of samples were collected at the Beamline 8, at Siam Photon Laboratory, 

Synchrotron Light Research Institute which energy calibration was performed by measuring Si(111) 

crystal in the transmission mode of a iron foil during all scans. The data were collected in a 

fluorescence mode with the Ge detector. The raw data from BL8 were determined for the solution 

structure by Athena and Artemis programs. 

Results 

The results revealed that the core structure of iron-arrowroot starch and iron-cassava starch 

sample consisted of iron-oxide which connected by glucose molecules. 

For EXAFS data analysis, the first shell interaction is Fe-Fe, the second shell is Fe-O, and the 

third shell is Fe-C interaction from saccharide moieties. 

Conclusion 

The possible model for iron-saccharide samples was iron-oxide model at the core shell and 

adjointed with glucose molecules. 

Keywords: EXAFS, iron-saccharide, iron-oxide 


1. Lapi, A.; et al., Inorg. Chem., 2008, 47, 9905-9918. 

2. Somsook, E.; et al., Carbohydr. Polym., 2005, 61, 281-287. 

3. Mophan, N.; Vinitnantharat, S.; Somsook, E. ScienceAsia .2010, 36, 172-173. 

Atchaleeya Jinasan (อัจชลีญา จิณเสน) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Thailand, Physics, B.Ed. 2005 

Naresuan University, Thailand, Physics, M.Sc. 2008 

Ph.D – Present 

Research field: EXAFS

S3-P41 

(Fe, Sb, Cu or Zn)-doped Tin Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Spray 

Pyrolysis: Doping Influence on the Structural and Optical Properties 

of Film 

Jumnain Putpan and Suwat Pabchanda 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, 

Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. 


Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) of SnO 2 thin films are important components in a large number 

of applications. Spray pyrolysis is the most suitable method for prepared SnO 2 thin films because it is 

simple and inexpensive experimental arrangement, easy of adding doping materials and high growth rate, 

which are desirable for industrial applications. Doping SnO 2 with the metals such as Fe, Sb, Cu and Zn is 

increasing the conductivity values and keeps the optical transparency of thin film. In this work, the study 

of doping additives (Fe, Sb, Cu and Zn) on the structural and optical properties of metals-doped SnO 2 thin 

films prepared by spray pyrolysis was the main goal of this research. 

Methods 

Thin films of metals-doped SnO 2 were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. The spray solutions 

were prepared by dissolving a 10.0 g of SnCl 4·5H 2 O in the mixed solvent of C 2 H 5 OH/H 2 O/CH 3 COOH 

85:10:15 (v/v/v). The metals doping were varied by varying the metal salts (FeCl 3 , SbCl 3 , CuCl 2 or ZnCl 2 ) 

in various doping levels (6, 12 and 18 mol%) in the solution. The solutions were refluxed for about 2 h at 

60 °C and kept at room temperature for 24 h before spraying. The SnO 2 films were deposited by spraying 

the solutions on the glass substrate at temperature as 500+10 °C. The solution flow rate (10.0 ml. min -1 ) 

was controlled by compressed air at air pressure of 0.3 kg.cm 2 . The distance between the spray nozzle and 

the substrate was 25 cm. The total spraying quantity was 40 ml for each film. All the films were cool to 

room temperature after deposition. Finally, the films were annealed at 550C for 60 min. The structural 

and optical properties of films were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods, 

respectively. 

Results 

All XRD patterns, the peaks connected with X-ray diffraction at (110) and 101 planes just start 

dominating at all samples, corresponding to the rutile structure of polycrystalline SnO 2 films [1]. The 

FWHM were increased with increasing metals doping levels, indicating the lower degree of crystallinity of 

SnO 2 [2]. FT-IR spectra showed that absorption peak of Sn-O, Fe-O, Sb-O Cu-O and Zn-O vibrations were 

located at 618, 659, 668, 537 and 550 cm -1 , respectively. The average optical transparency (%T) in visible 

region of Fe-, Sb-, Cu- and Zn-doped SnO 2 using the doping at level of 6-18 mol%, were determined to be 

81-70%, 83-71%, 81-68% and 82-72%, respectively. Meanwhile, the direct optical band gap (E g ) of thin 

films for Fe-, Sb-, Cu and Zn-doping level of 6-18 mol% were evaluated to be 3.70-3.52, 3.69-3.50, 3.63- 

3.44 and 3.62-3.42 eV, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Fe-, Sb-, Cu- and Zn-doped SnO 2 were observed in the formation of a rultile-structure phase. FT-IR 

analysis confirmed that Sn atom was substituted by Fe, Sb, Cu and Zn atom on thin films. The increase of 

the metal-doping level could reduced not only the crystallinity but also the optical transparency (%T), 

including the optical conductivity of SnO 2 thin film. 

Keywords: spray pyrolysis, tin oxide, thin films 


1. Lupan, O.; Chowa, L.; Chai, H.; Park, S.; Schulte, A. J. Cryst. Growth, 2008, 311, 152–155. 

2. Rani, S.; Somnath, C.; Roy, M. C.; Bhatnagar, N. Solid State Commun., 2007, 141, 214–218. 

Jumnain Putpan (จําเนียร พุฒพันธ) M.Sc. Student 




Research field: materials science.

S3-P42 

Preparation and Characterization of Iron Doped Tin Oxide 

Thin Films by Dip-coating Technique 

Praphan Kenthao and Suwat Pabchanda 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, 

Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. 


Fe-doped SnO 2 thin films have been widely used as transparent materials in many fields such as 

optoelectronic device, flat panel displays and gas sensor, due to the obtained films has low resistivity 

with fairly high transmittance. The films were prepared by dip-coating technique, because of its 

excellent homogeneity and ability to coat large areas. In present work, the influents of Fe-doping level 

on the structural and optical properties of SnO 2 thin films were investigated. 

Methods 

Fe-doped SnO 2 thin films were prepared by dissolved SnCl 2 2H 2 O in 100.0 mL ethanol. The 

amount of FeCl 3 6H 2 O was varied of 0, 6, 12 and 18 mol% for iron concentrations in solution. The 

solution was stirred for 6 h in a reflux system at 78 °C. Precleaned micro-slide glass substrates were 

dipped in the sol for 1 min and then drawn from it at the speed of 8 cm/min. The thin films so 

obtained on the substrates were then kept at room temperature to dry for 15 min, and then dried in the 

oven at 100 C for about 20 min. To get films of greater thickness, the sequence of deposition and 

drying was repeated for 5 times before final sintering at 500 C for 60 min. Structural and optical 

properties of thin films were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis 

methods, respectively. 

Results 

The FTIR spectra of Fe-doped SnO 2 showed that absorption peaks at 619 cm -1 and 668 cm -1 has 

been attributed to stretching frequency of Sn-O and Fe-O vibrations, respectively. The Miller indices 

of all the recognizable diffraction peaks perfectly match with the tetragonal rutile structure of SnO 2 

(JCPDS Card File No. 41-1445). The increase in the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of the XRD 

peaks with increase in Fe-doping in the SnO 2 films. From the optical transmission spectra, the average 

transmittance and band gap energy of SnO 2 thin films were decreased from ~96 to ~84% and 3.87 to 

3.55 eV when the Fe-doping levels increasing from 0 to 18 mol%, respectively. 

Conclusion 

Different Fe-doping levels of Fe-doped SnO 2 thin films were prepared by dip-coating. The FTIR 

results can be attributed to incorporation of the Fe atoms into the SnO 2 lattice and the resultant 

decrease of the crystallite size and the crystallinity. An increasing the Fe-doping levels not only 

reduced the crystallinity of Fe-doped SnO 2 thin film but also the transparency, including the direct 

optical band gap of film. 

Keywords: dip coating, tin oxide, Fe-doped SnO 2 , thin film. 


1. Rani, S.; Somnath, C.; Roy, S.-C.; Karar, N.; M. C. Bhatnagar, M. C. Solid State Commun., 2007, 141, 214–218. 

2. Feng, X.; Ma, J.; Yang, F.; Ji, F.; Zong, F.; Luan, C.; Ma, H. Mater. Charact., 2008, 59, 1779-1781. 

Praphan Kenthao (ประพันธ เคนทาว) M.Sc. Student 




Research field: materials science.

S3-P43 

Preparation of Fluorine Doped SnO 2 Nanoparticle 

by Sol-gel Method 

Pongsathorn Tongkasee, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Siriporn Jungsuttiwong, Tinnagon Keawin, 

Rukkiat Jitkati, Sayant Saengsuwan and Vinich Promarak 

Center for Organic Electronics and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani,34190, Thailand. 


Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) is wildly used as a transparent conductive layer, due to its high 

electrical conductivity. In this work, the FTO-nanoparticle as respected to conductive layer for dyesensitized 

solar cell were synthesized and characterized. 

Methods 

The Fluorine-doped tin oxide nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel route. The SnCl 4 .4H 2 O, 

NH 4 F, citric acid and ethylene glycol were used as the starting materials. The structure of the sample 

was characterized by XRD technique. The conductivity was measured by impedance spectroscopy. 

Results 

The XRD measurement revealed that the crystallography structure of all nanoparticle are a rutile 

cassiterite (Fig. 1(a)). The crystallite size of the sample calcined at 700 o C and 800 o C are 29 nm and 

18 nm, respectively. Figure 1(b) shows the dependent of the impedance spectra on the calcined 

temperature, reveal that the conductivity of FTO nanoparticle calcined at 700 o C and 800 o C are 0.04 

Scm -1 and 0.02 Scm -1 , respectively. 

(a) 

(110) 

(101) 

(211) 

calcine 700 o C 

calcine 800 o C 

60 

(b) 

50 

calcine at 700 o C 

calcine at 800 o C 

Intensity (Arb.Unit) 

(200) 

(111) 

(220) 

(002) 

(310) 

(112) 

Z" (ohm) 

40 

30 

20 

10 

20 30 40 50 60 

2(degree) 

0 

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 

Z'(ohm) 

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns and (b) Impedance spectra of FTO nanoparticle 

Conclusion 

The nonoparticle rutile cissiterite-type FTO samples have prepared by sol-gel method. These 

nanoparticle are expectable to be important in applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells. 

Keywords: fluorine doped tin oxide, sol-gel 


1. Han, C.; Han. S., Gwak, J.; Khatkar. S.P. Materials Letters, 2007, 61, 1701-1703. 

2. E, Eangovan.; K, Ramamurthi. Thin Solid Films, 2005, 476, 231-236. 

Pongsathorn Thongkasee (พงศธร ทองกระสี) Ph.D. Student 



Ubon Ratchathani University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc.2009 

Research field: DSSC, Polymer electrolyte and DSSC assembly

S3-P44 

Improvement of the Properties of Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly 

Ash-geopolymer with Aluminum Hydroxide 

Siwanant Thaiwitcharoen and Ubolluk Rattanasak 

Department of chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha 

University,Chonburi 20131, Thailand. 


Fly ash from fluidized bed combustion (FBC) had high amount of CaSO 4 and CaO due to the use 

of lime for the SOx capture. These compounds hindered the use of FBC fly ash in construction, since 

concrete with high CaSO 4 was unsoundness. Therefore, this research attempted to convert CaSO 4 and 

CaO in FBC fly ash to the ettringite and calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH) by the addition of Al(OH) 3 

in geopolymeric material. However, high concentration of NaOH also effected on the ettringite 

formation. Geopolymer with high CAH formation could gain the strength and the good physical 

properties. 

Methods 

Geopolymer was prepared with FBC fly ash, NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 solutions. Concentration of 

NaOH was varied viz., 10, 12, 15, 18 M. Al(OH) 3 was used to replace the FBC fly ash at 2.5, 5, 10% 

by weight in geopolymer mixture. Solid/solution ratio of 40/60 was selected and sand/solid ratio of 2 

was used for the mortar preparation. Mixture was subjected to the heat curing at 60C for 24 h. 

Specimens were demolded and sequently cured at 25±5C for 7, 30, 90 days before the strength 

testing. 

Results 

The compressive strength of geopolymer mortar was increased with curing time and NaOH 

concentration. 15 M NaOH gave higher strength since NaOH could better leach out the Si and Al ions 

resulted in high geopolymer gel formation. Using of 5% Al(OH) 3 in geopolymer, 15 M NaOH also 

gave the higher strength at the curing ages. It could be due to the CAH formation in geopolymer. 

However, the further investigations will be performed on the samples. 

Conclusion 

Curing time and concentration of NaOH affected on the compressive strength. Increase in both 

curing time and NaOH concentration resulted in higher strength owing to the formation of CAH and 

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). High NaOH concentration could leach Ca, Si and Al ions leading to 

the formation of CSH, CAH and aluminosilicate compounds. These products contributed the strength 

of geopolymer. 

Keywords: geopolymer, fly ash, ettringite 


1. Peiyu, Y.; Xiao, Q.; Wenyan, Y.; Jiang, P. Cem. Concr. Res., 2001, 31, 1285-1290. 

2. Barbarulo, R.; Peycelon, H.; Leclercq, S. Cem. Concr. Res., 2007, 37, 1176-1181. 

Siwanant Thaiwitcharoen (ศิวานันท ไทยวิชญเจริญ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Fly ash, Utilization

S3-P45 

The Effect of Microwave Curing on the Properties of 

Fly–ash Geopolymer 

Sompop Taebuanhuad and Ubolluk Rattanasak 




Microwave energy has been widely used as an innovation material processing for various 

industrial dielectric materials [1]. Microwave radiation interacts with the material through dielectric 

permittivity resulting in rapid heating [1,2]. Consequently, dipole interaction and heat generation take 

place with the dielectric material which are composed of polar molecules. Objective of this study is to 

provide the information on the curing of the geopolymer with microwave energy in order to reduce 

the conventional curing time and energy. The experimental results from this study could help to 

obtain the optimum microwave curing time and improve the properties of geopolymer. 

Methods 

For making the geopolymer specimens, fly ash was homogeneously mixed with 10 M NaOH and 

Na 2 SiO 3 . After that, the geopolymer paste was placed in microwave to activate the reaction. 

Microwave energy power was varied and specimens were subject to microwave power for 1, 2, 3 min. 

In Addition, the mortar specimens were prepared with sand/fly ash ratio of 1.5 for the compressive 

strength testing. Mortars were activated with the microwave power of 90 and 180 watt for 3, 5, 10 

min. Activated specimens were then covered with cling film and additionally cured in the 

conventional oven at 65C for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hr. Specimens were demolded and cured at 25 5 C for 

7 days. 

Results 

Since the geopolymer required long heat curing time, therefore using of the microwave curing 

could reduce the curing time and provide the high strength gain compared with the conventional 

curing system. 90-watt microwave power for 5 min curing (+6 hr in oven) gave the higher 

compressive strength of geopolymer mortar than that of geopolymer mortar curing at 25 5C for 28 

days. 

Conclusion 

The microwave power affected on the strength of geopolymer. Microwave power reduced the 

curing time and provided higher strength than the conventional curing. Microwave helped to activate 

the reaction and distribute the heat throughout the specimens in a short period resulted in initial 

occurrence of reaction. 

Keywords: geopolymer, fly–ash, microwave, compressive strength 


1. Makul, N.; Rattanadecho, P.; Agrawal, D. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2010, 37, 1487–1495. 

2. Makul, N.; Keangin, P.; Rattanadecho, P.; Chatveera, B.; Agrawal, D. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2010, 37, 

1096–1105. 

Sompop Taebuanhuad (สมภพ แตบวนฮวด) M.Sc. Student 


Kasetsart University, Thailand, Agro indurstry, B.Sc. 2001 

Research field: fly ash utilization

S3-P46 

Adsorption Kinetics of Extracted Dye from Artocarpus heterophyllus 

onto Cotton 

Chamaiporn Inchoo and Chutima Septhum 


Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat–Nasan Rd, Suratthani 84100, Thailand. 


The yellow flavonoid, morin, is a major component of the heartwood of the plant Artocarpus 

heterophyllus family Moraceae (Mai Kanoon). The extracted dye of this plant has morin (2 ′ ,3,4 ′ ,5,7- 

pentahydroxyflavone) as a major component. Aluminium is widely used as a mordant for dyeing 

contton with polypenolic dyes to obtain a bright colour rendition and wash-fast finish. The aim of this 

research was to investigate the adsorption kinetics of extracted dye from Artocarpus heterophyllus 

onto cotton. 

Methods 

The batch kinetic experiments were carried out by agitating cotton yarn (0.5 g) with dye-alum 

solutions (50 mL) in thermostatted shaker water bath at 105 strokes/min at temperatures of 35, 45 and 

60°C. The concentrations of the unadsorbed dye were determined at time zero and at subsequent times 

using a calibration curve based on absorbance at λ max 415 nm. 

Results 

Batch experiments were conducted to explore the rate of extracted dye-alum adsorption on cotton. 

The pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models were used to describe the kinetics adsorption 

process. The adsorption capacities increased form 4.482 to 7.745 mg/g cotton with initial dye 

concentrations 100 to 300 mg/L, respectively at 35 °C and 6 hrs. The sorption capacity decreases from 

4.482, 3.904 and 3.441 mg/g cotton with temperature 35, 45 and 60 °C, respectively. 

Conclusion 

A good agreement of the experimental kinetic data with the pseudo-second order model was 

obtained. An increase in the temperature leads to a decrease in the adsorption capacities of extracted 

dye onto cotton. This can be attributed to the exothermic nature of adsorption. 

Keywords: adsorption, kinetics, Artocarpus heterophyllus, cotton 


1. Chairat, M.; Rattanaphani, V.; Bremner, J. B.; Rattanaphani, S. Dyes Pigments, 2008, 76, 435-439. 

2. Septhum, C.; Rattanaphani, V.; Bremner, J. B.; Rattanaphani, S. Fibers Polym, 2009, 10, 481-487. 

Chamaiporn Inchoo (ชไมพร อินชู) M.Ed. Student 



Research field: Physical Chemistry

S3-P47 

Preparation of Meso-tetraphenylporphyrin and Its Derivatives as 

Fluorescent Sensing for Determination of Metal Cation 

Tienkul Kangwanwong, Wanchai pluempanupat, Waraporn Parasuk and Apisit Songsasen 




Among many metal cations, ruthenium plays various roles in many fields such as dye, catalyst, 

dye-sensitized solar cell, etc. Although ruthenium plays many advantages, the wastes of it can serve 

some toxicity. Therefore, the determination of ruthenium ion in water has increased importance due to 

utility and/or toxicity of its. Herein, meso-tetra(p-nitrophenyl)porphyrin (TNPP), was synthesized as 

ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for determining Ru 3+ in water by using metallation between Ru 3+ 

and TNPP. 

Methods 

TNPP was synthesized according to the literature 1 . The fluorescent intensities of TNPP in the 

presence of selected cation were investigated with excitation and emission wavelength of 430 and 651 

nm respectively. The stoichiometry of TNPP complex was determined by mole ratio and Job’s 

method. Cyclic voltammetry was also performed to study the occurrence and properties of TNPP 

complexes. The feasible structure of TNPP complexes were studied by quantum chemical calculation 

with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP level of theory using with 6-31G* basis set for 

each atom on porphyrin and the effective core potential (ECP) of LanL2DZ was employed on each 

transition metal. 

Results 

The results from several techniques confirmed that the synthesized product is TNPP. 

Fluorescence results showed that TNPP exhibits a high selectivity for Ru 3+ among metal cations 

examined. The change of fluorescent response attributed to metallation of metal cation into the TNPP. 

The stoichiometric studies show that the ratio between TNPP and Ru 3+ is 1:1. There were evidences 

from the experiments such as spectrofluorometry and cyclic voltammetry showed the occurrence of 

Ru-TNPP complex. Quantum chemical calculation results show that the size of TNPP hole is large 

enough for Ru 3+ to coordinate and the optimized structure of possible Ru-TNPP complex was also 

studied. The analytical performance of TNPP showed a linear response over the range of 3-25 μM 

with a detection limit of 0.89 μM (89.95 ppb). 

Conclusion 

TNPP was synthesized as the ratiometric fluorescence chemosensor for the analysis of Ru 3+ via 

metallation of Ru 3+ into TNPP. The stoichiometry of occurred complex was found to be 1:1. This 

phenomenon can be applied to use as a new approach for ratiometric fluorescence quantitation of Ru 3+ 

with high selectivity. 

Keywords: porphyrin derivative, fluorescent chemosensor, determination of Ru 3+ 


1. Bettelheim, A.; White, B. A.; Raybuck S. A.; Murray R. W., Inorg. Chem., 1987, 26, 1009-1017. 

2. Weng, Y. Q.; Yue, F.; Zhong, Y. R.; Ye, B. H., Inorg. Chem., 2007, 46, 7749-7755. 

Tienkul Kangwanwong (เธียรกุล กังวานวงษ) M.Sc. Student 



Kasetsart University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2010 

Research field: chemosensor, coordination chemistry

S3-P48 

Anion Recognitions of Disubstituted Isophthalamide-base 

Anion Receptors: Experimental and Theoretical Studies 

Ranu Sawangsri and Korakot Navakhun 


University, Huamark, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. 


The molecular structure of isophthalamide has been studied most extensively as anion receptor 

molecules. Addition of substituents which are electron withdrawing groups in the isophthalamide 

structure causes the increasing of anion receptor efficiency. In this work, we report the optimized 

structures, thermodynamic properties of the electron withdrawing group disubstitution isophtalamidebase 

derivatives and their anion recognition properties. 

Methods 

O 

Cl 

Cl 

O 

+ 

X 

NH 2 

X 

N(Et 3 ),DMAP 

DCM 

X 

X 

NH 

O 

HN 

O 

X 

X 

1, X = Cl 

2, X = F 

3, X = CF 3 

The optimized structures of these receptors and their complexes with TBAF, TBACl, TBABr, 

TBAH 2 PO 4 , TBAHSO 4 and TBANO 3 have been computed with the density functional theory (DFT) 

at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level of theory in gas phase using the GAUSSIAN03 program. Their anion 

binding properties have also been studied in DMSO-d 6 with NMR titration techniques. The EQNMR 

program has been used to calculate the binding constants (K asso ). 

Results 

Compounds 

E 0 298 (kcal.mol -1 ) K asso (M -1 ) 

B3LYP/6-31G(d) Gas phase NMR (DMSO-d 6 ) 

TBAF TBACl TBABr TBAH 2 PO 4 TBAHSO 4 TBANO 3 TBAF TBACl TBABr TBAH 2 PO 4 TBAHSO 4 TBANO 3 

1 

-49.3 -33.2 -39.2 -35.2 -28.5 -21.2 

a 

55 1 145 9 1,135 90 525 49 55 2 

2 

-48.2 -31.4 -36.6 -33.9 -26.8 -28.3 

a 

75 4 175 8 1,225 70 480 43 110 13 

3 

-56.0 -41.9 -46.7 -42.0 -32.0 -38.1 

a 

45 1 188 15 1,315 85 335 30 30 1 

a = can not be obtained 

Conclusion 

Compounds 1, 2 and 3 have been investigated their anion recognitions properties using the 

experimental and calculation techniques. Both results show these receptors can be use as dihydrogen 

phosphate receptor. 

Keywords: anion coordination chemistry, electron withdrawing groups disubstituted isophtalamide 

derivatives, anion receptor, computational chemistry, DFT 


1. Coles, S. J.; Frey, J. G.; Gale, P. A.; Hursthouse, M. B.; Light, M. E.; Navakhun, K.; Thomas, G. L. Chem. 

Commun., 2003, 568. 

2. Navakhun, K.; Ruangpornvisuti, V. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 2009, 907, 131. 

Ranu Sawangsri (เรณู สวางศรี) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Anion Receptors and computational method

S3-P49 

Structural, Electronic and Gas Adsorption Properties of Transition 

Metal Doped Boron Nitride Nanotubes: A Theoretical Study 

Sarawut Tontapha, a Nongnit Morakot, a Chanukorn Tabtimsai, a Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti b and 

Banchob Wanno a 





Nanotubes are attracted significant attention over the past few years. Boron nitride nanotubes 

(BNNTs) can be thought of as a tube rolled from a hexagonal sheet of boron nitride. The BNNTs 

exhibit the interesting physical, chemical, and electronic properties such as high melting point, low 

density and high thermal conductivity. This research is aimed to study the gas adsorption on the 

perfect site (PS) and Stone-Wales (SW) defected armchair (5,5) BNNTs doped with transition metal 

(TM) atoms. 

Methods 

All calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) method. The LanL2DZ 

basis set was used. The geometries, electronic properties, atomic charges and adsorption energies are 

investigated. All calculations were performed by using Gaussian 03 program. 

Results 

Adsorption of TM (Ni, Pd and Pt) atoms on sidewall of PS- and SW-BNNTs is occurred via an 

exothermic process. The SW-BNNT shows strong binding ability to TM over the PS-BNNT. The 

adsorption energies of TM atoms with both the PS and SW BNNTs are in increasing order: Ni > Pt > 

Pd. The geometries, electronic properties, and atomic charges of PS and SW BNNTs have been also 

investigated and reported. 

Conclusion 

The geometries, electronic properties, atomic charges and adsorption energies of Ni, Pd and Pt 

atoms adsorbed on sidewall of PS- and SW-BNNTs were investigated by using DFT calculation. The 

results indicate that SW-BNNT shows strong binding ability to TM over PS-BNNT while Ni atom is 

more favorite to both the PS and SW BNNTs than those of Pt and Pd atoms. 

Keywords: adsorption, BNNT, DFT 


1. Baierle, R. J.; Piquini, P.; Schmidt, T. M.; Fazzio, A., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110, 21184-21188. 

2. An, W.; Wu, X.; Yang, J. L.; Zeng, X. C., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 14105-14112. 

Sarawut Tontapha (ศราวุฒิ ตนตะภา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Khonkaen, Thailand 

Rajamangala University of Technology Isan KKC, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 

Research field: nanotechnology

S3-P50 

A Theoretical Study of Anion Recognition Based on bis-Thiourea 

Derivative Receptor 

Wandee Rakrai, Nongnit Morakot and Banchob Wanno 




The host containing thiourea group has been designed and tested for anion recognition over the 

past decades because thiourea group can establish strong hydrogen bond with anions. In the present 

work, anion recognition of a bis-thiourea derivative with a decalin spacer (or receptor L) has been 

investigated. The geometries, thermodynamic and electronic properties of receptor L and its 

complexes with various anions have been calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) 

method. 

L 

Methods 

The geometries, thermodynamic properties and electronic properties were investigated. The DFT 

method at B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory was used. All calculations were performed by using 

Gaussian 03 program. 

Results 

The binding interactions of receptor L and anions are described as hydrogen bond between 

oxygen or halide atoms of anion and thiourea protons of receptor L. The relative stabilities of 

complexation are in order: fluoride > acetate > bromide > benzoate ~ dihydrogen phosphate > nitrate 

> chloride > perchlorate > > iodide. The result shows that the L/F - is found to be the highest 

complexation energy (-134.93 kcal/mol). The geometries, thermodynamic properties of receptor L 

and its complexes with anions are also reported. 

Conclusion 

The geometries, thermodynamic properties and electronic properties of designed receptor and its 

complexes with anions are investigated by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) calculation. The result indicates 

that thiourea group of receptor can bind with anions via the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. 

The receptor shows strong binding ability to fluoride ion over the other anions. 

Keywords: thiourea, anion receptor, DFT 


1. Lung, A. N.; Degenhardt, D. A.; BÜhlmann, P., Tetrahedron, 2008, 64, 2530-2536. 

2. Wanno, B.; Rakrai, W.; Keawwangchai, S.; Morakot, N.; Morakot, N., J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem), 2009, 

902, 33-40. 

3. Morakot, N.; Rakrai, W.; Keawwangchai, S.; Kaewtong C.; Wanno, B., J. Mol. Model, 2010, 16, 129-136. 

Wandee Rakrai (วันดี รักไร) Ph.D. Student 


Chiangmai University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2003 

Research field: Molecular sensor

S3-P51 

Adsorption and Thermodynamic of Reactive Dyes onto Chitosan 

Yuwarat Inchue and Chutima Septhum 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science and technology, 

Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat-Nasan Rd, Suratthani 84100, Thailand. 


Reactive dyes are widely used in textile industries due to their advantages. Many reactive dyes are 

toxic to some organisms and may cause direct destruction of creatures in water. It is now recognized 

that adsorption using low-cost adsorbents is an effective and economic method for water 

decontamination 1 . Chitosan has excellent properties for the adsorption of anionic dyes, due to the 

chitosan is formed by repeating units of β (1→4) 2-amino-2- deoxy-D-glucose or D-glucosamine 2 . 

The aim of this the present study was to investigate the adsorption isotherm and to determine the 

thermodynamic values related to the interaction of reactive dyes with chitosan in aqueous solution. 

Methods 

Chitosan (95% DD) was obtained from Seafresh Chitosan (Lab) Co., Ltd. The reactive dyes 

(reactive orange 16; RO and reactive blue 19; RB) used in the tests were obtained from the DyStar 

Thai. Co., Ltd. The batch adsorption isotherm studies were conducted by shaking 50 mL of an 

aqueous dye solutions with 0.100 g of chitosan for 24 h by using a thermostatted shaker bath varying 

the dye concentrations 50-300 mg/L at 35, 45 and 60 C. Absorbance values of the dye solutions 

before and after equilibrium adsorption were measured at max = 492 nm (RO) and max = 591 nm 

(RB) by using a Shimadzu UV-vis 1601 spectrophotometer. 

Results 

The Langmuir and Freundlich models are used to describe equilibrium adsorption isotherms. It 

was found that the Langmuir model fitted the experimental data very well with high correlation 

coefficients (R 2 > 0.97). The sorption capacities (Q) were 117.235 and 123.186 mg/g chitosan of RO 

and RB, respectively. The free energy (G), enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) change were -13.909, 

35.246 kJ/mol and 147.611 J/mol for RO and -13.701, 14.641 kJ/mol and 85.111 J/mol for RB, 

respectively. 

Conclusion 

In the present study chitosan has been show to be an effective adsorbent for reactive dyes removal 

from aqueous solutions. Langmuir isotherm was fitted more than Freundlich isotherm at all 

temperatures. The negative values of the free energy (G) for the adsorption of RO and RB dyes 

onto chitosan indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous and positive values of enthalpy 

(H) indicated that the adsorption process is endothermic one. 

Keywords: thermodynamic, reactive dye, chitosan, adsorption 


1. Crini, G. Bioresource Technol, 2006, 60, 67-75. 

2. Hargono, H.; Djaeni, M. J. Coast Dev., 2003, 7, 31-37. 

Yuwarat Inchue (ยุวรัตน อินทรเชื้อ) M.Ed. Student 




S3-P52 

DFT Calculations of Ferrocenylbenzoic Acid and Its Derivatives 

Pratanphorn Chuanprasit and Ekasith Somsook 



Thailand. 


Ferrocene can be used as a redox active moiety in a molecule to enhance the rate of electron 

transfer. In this study, we have been investigated electronic effect of ferrocene by using the linear free 

energy relationships (LFER). 

Methods 

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the electronic structures of a series of 

benzoic acid with different substituents (X= -NO 2 , -CN, -F, -NH 2 , -OCH 3 , -OH, -H, -CH 3 , - 

Ferrocenyl) at the meta and para positions. The geometry and thermodynamic data of substituted 

benzoic acid was obtained by LANL2DZ and 6-31+G basis set. 

Results 

It was found that theoretical and experimental reaction Gibb free energy had correlation with each 

other. The correlation coefficient was about 0.9. For this kind of relation, the position of substituents 

on benzene ring played as important role on molecular structure. From this relation we can predict the 

electronic effect of ferrocenyl group. At meta position, dominant effect is inductive effect. Hammett 

constant of ferrocenyl group is 0.10. This value showed ferrocenyl is electron withdrawing group 

close to -OH and -OCH 3 . While para position showed -0.03 of Hammett constant (electron donating 

group) close to phenyl group. This effect may cause by resonance of aromatic in ferrocene. 

Conclusion 

Substituted benzoic acids have been studied by density functional theory. The influence of 

substituents on Gibb free energy is systematical and related to the electronic property of substituents. 

So we can use the correlation to predict Hammett constant of unknown sunstituents. It also shows that 

the calculated and experimental Gibb free energy change of reactions had an excellent correlation. 

The effect of ferrocene depends on the substitutional position on then benzene ring. It has shown 

that ferrocene is an electron withdrawing group at the meta position and an electron donating group at 

the para position. 

Keywords: ferrocene, Hammett constant, electronic effect 


1. Fey, N. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 1999, 79, 852-862. 

2. Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Sun, M.; Liu, Y.; Pang, X.; Yu, X.; Liu, B.; Li, Z. J. Comp. Chem., 2007, 28, 2260- 

2274. 

3. Saleh, B. A. J. Mol. Struct. THEOCHEM., 2009, 915, 47-50. 

4. Hansch, C.; Leo, A.; Taft, R. W. Chem. Rev., 1991, 91, 165-195. 

Pratanphorn Chuanprasit (ประทานพร ชวนประสิทธิ์) M.Sc. Student 



Mahidol University, Thailand, Organic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 - present 


S3-P53 

Effects of Solid Lipid to Drug Distribution in Lipid Nanoparticles 

Natthakarn Rahong, a Siwaporn Meejoo Smith a and Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai b 



b National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, 

Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 


Lipid nanoparticles (LNs) show a great promise as carriers in drug delivery systems. In this study, 

three solid lipids, Dynasan114, Compritol and Softisan154 and liquid lipid, Miglyol, were used to 

prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) nanoemulsion (NE) for γ – 

oryzanol encapsulation. This study aims to investigate the physic-chemical properties of these LN 

systems. 

Methods 

The preparation of LNs was carried out by using the hot homogenization technique. The lipid 

phase consisting of 1% (w/w) of γ –oryzanol was prepared. The total lipid concentration 10% w/w, 

while the aqueous phase was composed of 2.5% (w/w) of surfactant. Several experiments were 

conducted to examine the physical properties were determined by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), 

differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Zeta potential, laser scattering (particle size distribution 

analyzer) techniques, and Raman mapping experiments. 

Results 

Lipid nanoparticles were successfully produced by hot high pressure homogenization technique. 

The particles size of LNs in SLN system during 1 week of storage 143±4.58, 144±13.30, 

264±23.27nm, Compritol, Dynasan114, Softisan154 respectively and increase in size after 4 weeks 

were showed 263±7.86,113±16.45,268±15.55nm, respectively and Zeta potential value were in the 

rage 35-81 mV, which accordance with the phase-separated structure particles in LNs systems 

Conclusion 

Results of solid lipid nanoparticles in the size range of 143-268 nm and Zeta potential value was 

predict the physical storage stability. The Raman mapping results also confirm the distribution of lipid 

and surfactant components in the nanostructured system also been confirmed by DSC, PXRD. 

Keywords: lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, raman spectroscopy, γ-oryzanol 


1. Anantachaisilp, S.; Smith, S. M.; Treetong, A.; Pratontep, S.; Puttipipatkhachorn, S.; Ruktanonchai, U. 

Nanotechnology, 2010, 21, 125102. 

Natthakarn Rahong (นัฐกาญจน ระหงษ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Amnatcharoen, Thailand 

Mahidol University, Thailand 



S3-P54 

Nanoparticulate Matters in the Atmospheric Environment of 

Songkhla,Thailand 

Paichittra Chaichana, a Surajit Tekasakul, a Perapong Tekasakul b and Masami Furuuchi c 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Prince 

of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, 

Thailand. 

c Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1162, Japan. 


Each year, a lot of rubber wood is used as fuel in rubber smoking process and other industries 

around Songkhla province, Thailand. From the previous studies (1-2) it has been shown that smoke 

from rubber wood burning contains fine particles including nanoparticles. In this work, the 

characteristics of nanoparticles in atmospheric environment of Songkhla were investigated and related 

to rubber wood combustion by choosing the sampling site surrounded by several rubber sheet 

smoking cooperatives and factories using rubber wood as fuel in burning process. 

Methods 

Particulate matters (PM) from ambient air of four different sampling sites (Hat Yai, Muang, 

Bangkhlam and Sadao) in Songkhla province were collected every month using a nanoparticle air 

sampler. The cut-off aerodynamic diameters of the sampler are 10.0, 2.5, 1.0, 0.5 µm and the last 

stage collects all particles smaller than 70 nm. The particles were collected on a quartz fiber filter. The 

sampling flow rate was 40 L min -1 and sampling time was 3 days. The particle size distributions were 

determined on mass basis. 

Results 

The size distributions of all sites show bi-modal behavior. The accumulation-mode peak takes 

place at the particle size of 0.5 µm could be from biomass burning especially rubber-wood which is 

the most common and cheapest fuel used in industries around the sampling sites. The coarse-mode 

peak takes place at 2.5 µm could be from re-suspension of ground dust or other atmospheric aerosol 

particles. 

Conclusion 

The size distributions of PM from ambient air clearly show bi-modal behavior. Total suspended 

particulates (TSP) of air samples from each sampling site are generally low, particularly when 

precipitation is high. 

Keywords: nanoparticulate matter, size distributions, rubber wood combustion 


1. Chomanee, J.; Tekasakul S.; Tekasakul, P. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 2009, 9, 2071-1409. 

2. Tekasakul, P.; Furuuchi, M.; Tekasakul, S. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 2008, 8, 265-278. 

Paichittra Chaichana (ไพจิตรา ชัยชะนะ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Bankok, Thailand 


Research field: aerosol science and environmental chemistry

S3-P55 

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structures of Mononuclear 

Mixed-ligand Silver(I) Complexes of Triphenylphosphine and 

Acetylthiourea 

Piyapong Jantaramas a,b and Chaveng Pakawatchai a,b 

a Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 


b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


The silver(I) complexes exhibit a wide range of applications in medicine, analytical chemistry, or 

industry of polymers. Silver(I) salts are known to form coordinate complexes with soft base ligands 

containing S, P and unsaturated N. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization by 

spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction technique of the mononuclear silver(I) complexes 

obtained from the reaction of silver(I) salts with triphenylphosphine(PPh 3 ) and acetylthiourea (atu). 

Methods 

Refluxing of Ag(I)X (X=Cl, Br, NO 3 ) with PPh 3 and atu in optimum conditions, the filtrates 

obtained and were kept at room temperature. The suitable single crystals of the complexes, which 

deposited upon standing for several days, were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic and 

single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Diffraction data were collected using a Bruker SMART 

APEX CCD diffractometer. The structures of all complexes were solved by direct methods and 

refined by using SHELXTL NT(Version 6.14) crystallographic program. 

Results 

The complexes, [Ag(PPh 3 ) 2 (atu)X] (X=Cl(1), Br(2) and NO 3 (3)), were obtained from the optimum 

conditions. The complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system space group P2 1 /n while the complexes 

 

2 and 3 crystallize in triclinic system space group P1. In addition, the complex 3 consists of two 

independent asymmetric mononuclear molecules. All of complexes, the silver atom presents a 

distorted tetrahedral geometry involving two triphenylphosphine phosphorus atoms, a sulphur atom 

from acetylthiourea and one chloride, bromide atom or oxygen atom of nitrate unit. 

Conclusion 

The three complexes are mononuclear with the silver atom showing a distorted tetrahedral 

configuration. Moreover, H-bonding patterns leading to the one-and two-dimensional molecular 

networks were obtained in these complexes. 

Keywords: silver(I) complex, triphenylphosphine, acetylthiourea, single crystal X-ray diffraction 


1. Nimthong, R.; Pakawatchai, C.; Saithong, S.; Chamant, J. P. H. Acta Cryst., 2008, E64, m977. 

2. Isab, A. A.; Nawaz, S.; Saleem, M.; Altaf, M. Monim-ul-Mehboob, M.; Ahmad, S.; Evans, H. S. 

Polyhedron, 2010, 29, 1251–1256. 

Piyapong Jantaramas (ปยะพงษ จันทรมาศ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: single crystal structure determination.

S3-P56 

Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Binuclear 

Copper(I) Complexes Containing Phenylthiourea and 

Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane Bridges 

Ruthairat Nimthong a,b and Chaveng Pakawatchai a,b 





The transition metal chemistry of phosphines and functionalized phosphines have attracted great 

interests because of various application properties. The diphosphine ligand, dppm has been confirmed 

to be a very capable bridging bidentate ligand and its chelating tendency is very optimum to lock two 

metal atoms together in close intimacy. In this research we have engaged in the study of mixed ligand 

copper(I) complexes of phenylthiourea and bis(diphenylphosphino)methane ligands. 

Methods 

The complexes, [Cu 2 (dppm) 2 (ptu)I 2 ]2CH 3 COCH 3 and [Cu 2 (dppm) 2 (ptu)Br 2 ]H 2 O were prepared 

in optimum condition. The crystals of their complexes were selected and characterized by single 

crystal diffraction technique and spectroscopic studies. The cell parameters were determined and the 

diffraction data were collected using Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer. 

Results 

Treatment of copper(I) halides(X=I and Br) with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane(dppm) and 

phenylthiourea(ptu) in optimum solution afforded dinuclear complexes of the type 

[Cu 2 (dppm) 2 (ptu)I 2 ]2CH 3 COCH 3 and [Cu 2 (dppm) 2 (ptu)Br 2 ]H 2 O. The molecular structures have been 

established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Each complex crystallizes in orthorhombic system 

with space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , as a neutral dinuclear species in which each Cu(I) centre exhibits a 

distorted tetrahedral coordination with two phosphorus atoms from the chelating diphos ligand, one 

halogen atom and sulfur bridges atom of phenylthiourea. 

Conclusion 

The two dinuclear copper(I) complexes were synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, both 

complexes exhibit fluorescent emission at room temperature. 

Keywords: copper(I) complexes, bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, X-ray crystal structure. 


1. Nimthong, R.; Pakawatchai, C.; Saithong, S.; Chamant, J. P. H. Acta Cryst., 2008, E64, m977. 

2. Nicola, C. D.; Effendy.; Fazaroh, F.; Pettinari, C.; Skelton, B. W.; Somers, N.; White, A. H. Inorg. Chim. 

Acta, 2005, 358, 720–734. 

3. Sivasankar, C.; Bera, J. K.; Nethaji, M.; Samuelson, A. G. J. Organomet. Chem., 2004, 689, 2726–2732. 

Ruthairat Nimthong (ฤทัยรัตน นิ่มทอง) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: single crystal structure determination

S3-P57 

Synthesis, Characterization and Crystal Structure of Dinuclear 

Copper Complex with 2,2′-Bipyridine and N-Cyanoaniline 

Wattana Ruangwut, a,b Saowanit Saithong a,b and Chaveng Pakawatchai a,b 





The research on synthesis of coordination complex with transition metals and their applications 

have become a popular field because of the brilliant properties. Copper is one of transition metals 

which is easily coordinated with nitrogen as a donor atom such as bidentate bipyridine ligand. Here 

we report the synthesis and characterization of a complex formed among CuBr, 2,2′-bipyridine and 

phenylthiourea. 

Methods 

The [(PhNHCN)(bpy)Cu(PhNCN) 2 Cu(bpy)(PhNHCN)] complex was prepared by direct reaction 

in optimum condition. It was filtered and left undisturbed for a day. The brown needle-shaped crystals 

of this complex were obtained and selected to characterize by single crystal diffraction technique and 

IR spectroscopy. The cell parameters were determined and the diffraction data were collected using 

Bruker SMART APEX CCD diffractometer. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined 

using SHELXTL NT (Version 6.14) crystallographic program. 

Results 

The complex crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group P2 1 /c. The structure is a dimeric 

complex with the two metal centres are linked together by (PhNCN) 2 ligands which were changed 

from phenylthiourea during the reaction. Both copper atoms are five coordinated and display a 

distorted square pyramidal geometry. 

Conclusion 

A dinuclear copper(II) complex has been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray diffraction 

study shows that each copper atom has five co-ordination environment. There are - interactions 

between phenyl rings of 2,2′-bipyridine of neighboring molecules. 

Keywords: copper complex, 2,2′-bipyridine, X-ray crystal structure. 


1. Thebo, T. H.; Shad, H. A.; Malik, M. A.; Helliwell, M. J. Mol. Struct., 2010, 970, 75-78. 

2. Chiniforosshan, H.; Shirinfar, B.; Jalilpour, S.; Khavasi, H. R. Acta Cryst., 2010, E66, m331. 

3. Effendy.; Marchetti, F.; Pettinari, C.; Skelton, B. W.; White, A. H., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2007, 360, 1424-1432. 

Wattana Ruangwut (วัฒนา เรืองวุฒิ) Ph.D. Student 


Thaksin University, Thailand, Science-Chemistry, B.Ed. 2004 

Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Chemical Studies, M.Sc. 2006 

Research field: single crystal structure determination

S3-P58 

Study on the Complex Formation between Curcumin with 

Some Metal Ions 

Chamaiporn Chalermwan, Sumpun wongnawa, Pravit Sudkeaw and Chaveng Pakawatchai 




Curcumin is a yellow-orange pigment derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa. Turmeric has 

been found to have the biological and pharmacological activities. Medicines given to the patients for 

this purpose usually bind with metal ions, i.e. metal complexation, rendering them less toxic or easier 

to be removed from the body. The interaction between the active ingredient of medicinal plants and 

metal ions in the body frequently involving complexation and most of them through the process called 

“metal chelation”. 

Methods 

The curcumin derivatives were separated by column chromatography on silica gel before used. 

Hg-curcumin complexes have been synthesized and characterized by TLC, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and 

confirmed by theoretical calculation. 

Results 

The product of Hg-curcumin complexe was obtained as red-orange powder. Separation by TLC 

(chloroform 95 % + acetonitrile 5 %) exhibited spot 1 of ligand as yellow colour, spot 2 as orange 

colour ,and spot 3 as orange-brown colour. NMR data showed signal of OCH 3 ,-CH=, and aromatic 

ring resonances, respectively. 

DFT computational study showed the structure of complex having the Hg(II) atom in a distorted 

tetrahedral environment with two molecules of curcumin. Both curcumins act as bidentate ligands. 

Conclusion 

Hg-curcumin complex has been synthesized. NMR spectra of sharp signals were observed. 

According to the DFT computational study this configuration is in agreement with the most stable 

structure of among other possible structures. 

Keywords: curcumin, Hg-curcumin complex, DFT 


1. Kuhn, A.; Tsietsi, A.; Muller, A.; Conradie, J. Inorg. Chim. Acta, 2009, 362, 3088–3096. 

2. Shen, L.; Zhang, H.; Ji, H. J. Mol. Struc-THEOCHEM, 2005, 757, 199–202. 

Chamaiporn Chalermwan (ชไมภรณ เฉลิมวรรณ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakhon Si Tammarat, Thailand 


Research field: inorganic synthesis, computational study

S3-P59 

Interaction of Cu(II) Ion with Malva Nut Fiber 

Natwadee Eowjarern, a Sumpun Wongnawa, a Puchong Woraratananurak a and Malinee Wongnawa b 


Hatyai, Songkha 90112, Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkha 90112, Thailand. 


Malva nut is the fruit of Scaphium lychnophorum (Hance) Pierre. The plant belongs to the 

Sterculiaceae family. Malva nut fruit is known in Thailand as Pungtalay or Sumrong and used as fibre 

sources in the diet. Malva nut pulp is valuable in controlling weight gain and dietary fibers of malva 

nut have the potential for binding heavy metal ions. Two graphical methods were used to provide 

information on the interaction mechanism: the Langmuir adsorption isotherm to predict physical 

adsorption, and the Scatchard plot for examining binding by complex formation. The aim of this 

research was to study interaction of Cu(II) ion with fiber of malva nut. 

Methods 

The optimum interaction of Cu(II) ion with malva nut fiber was studied by varying interaction 

time, concentration of metal ions, and pH. The solution of Cu(II) ion was added into a flask 

containing 0.05 g of malva nut and was shaken. The reaction mixture was filtered and the supernatant 

was removed then was determined by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). 

Results 

The interaction of malva nut with Cu(II) ion reached equilibrium in about 10 minutes. The effect 

of concentration showed that interaction of Cu(II) ion with malva nut fiber first increased with 

increasing concentration and reached the maximum concentration at 6.73x10 -3 M after which it 

remained relatively constant. The effect of pH showed that maximum pH of interaction was 7. 

Conclusion 

For Cu(II) ion, the model of interaction with malva nut seems to take place via both mechanisms: 

the complex formation (K eff = 4.01x10 3 ) and the physical adsorption (K ads = 4.77x10 3 ). The maximum 

binding capability of Cu(II) ion with malva nut fiber is 4.01x10 -4 mol/g (pH 7, 10 minute). 

Keywords: Malva nut gum, Langmuir adsorption isotherm, Scatchard plot 


1. Mercedes, T.; Adela, R.; Fulgencio, C. Food Chem., 1995, 54, 23–31. 

2. Somboonpanyakul, P.; Wang, Q.; Cui W.; Barbut S.; Jantawat P. Carbohyd. Polym., 2006, 64, 247–253. 

Natwadee Eowjarern (ณาฏวดี เอี่ยวเจริญ) M.Sc Student 

b 1986 in Narathiwat, Thailand 


Research field: Bioinorganic chemistry

S3-P60 

Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (azine)](PF 6 ) 2 (dcbpy = 

4,4´-Dicarboxy-2,2´-bipyridine, 

azine = 2-(phenylazo)pyrazine) 

Nuda Walam, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak Puetpaiboon and Nararak Leesakul 

Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla 



To study the synthesis and characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (azine)](PF 6 ) 2 complex. 

Methods 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] was reacted with the azine ligand in methanolic solution. The reaction 

mixture was refluxed for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and solvent 

was removed. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The orange – 

brown band was collected and evaporated to dryness. The orange – brown solid was reacted with 

NH 4 PF 6 salt in methanolic solution. the reaction mixture was refluxed for 5 h. The reaction mixture 

was evaporated to dryness to give the [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (azine)](PF 6 ) 2 complex. 

Results 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (azine)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was obtained as a orange – brown solid. It was 

characterized by 1 H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopies. 

Conclusion 

The novel [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (azine)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was successfully synthesized. The N=N stretching 

of the complex appears at much lower frequency than that of the free azine ligand. It indicates the 

good coordination between azine ligand and Ru(II) center. 

Keywords: azo-imine ligand, ruthenium complex 


1. Ocakoglu, K.; Yildirim, Y.; Lambrecht, F. Y.; Ocal, J.; Icli, S. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2008, 66, 115-121. 

2. Song, H.; Park, Y.; Han, C.; Jee, J. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2009, 15, 62-65. 

Nuda Walam (นุดา หวาหลํา) M.Sc. Student 




S3-P61 

Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (3aazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 , 

(dcbpy = 4,4´-Dicarboxy-2,2´-bipyridine, 3aazpy = 3-amino-2- 

(phenylazo)pyridine) 

Thassanee Romin, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak Puetpaiboon and Nararak Leesakul 


University,Had Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 


To synthesize and characterize of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (3aazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex 

Methods 

A novel ruthenium(II) complex of the type; [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (3aazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 , ( dcbpy = 4, 4´dicarboxy-2,2 

-bipyridine, 3aazpy = 3-amino-2-(phenylazo)pyridine), has been prepared in the 

reaction of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and 3aazpy in N,N-dimethylformamide .The solution mixture was 

refluxed for 22 h. Then the solution mixture was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by 

column chromatography and the methanol-ethanol mixture was used as the eluting solvent, to give the 

orange – brown solid . Then the orange – brown solid was reacted by NH 4 PF 6 salt in with N,Ndimethylformamide. 

The solution mixture was refluxed for 4 h .Then the solution mixture was 

evaporated to dryness.The orange-brown solid was obtained. 

Results 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (3aazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was obtained as an orange-brown . The result from 

infrared spectra indicates that the azoimine ligand is a good -acceptor and it can stabilize Ru(II). The 

complex exhibits a broad absorption band in the visible region which was assigned to the metal-toligand 

charge transfer (MLCT) transition 

Conclusion 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (3aazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was obtained by the condensation of the 

[Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and 3aazpy in N,N-dimethylformamide .The orange-brown product was isolated 

from this reaction mixture by column chromatography. 

Keywords: ruthenium (II) complex, 3-amino-2-(phenylazo)pyridine 


1. Ocakoglu, K.; Yildirim, Y.; Lambrecht, F. Y.; Ocal, J.; Icli, S. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2008, 66, 115-121. 

2. Barf, G. A.; Sheldon, R. A. J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 1995, 98, 143-146. 

Thassanee Romin (ทัศนีย โรมินทร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1984 in Krabi, Thailand 



S3-P62 

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of 

a Ru(II)-azoimine Complex: A Light Harvesting Dye 

Promising Application in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell 

Wasana Runrueng, a Pornthip Tongying, b Yuthana Tantirungrotechai b and Nararak Leesakul a 

a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 

b National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency,Thailand Science 

Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. 


A possible way of enhancing DSSC performance is to increase the light harvesting efficiency 

(LHE). In this present work, the novel complex, [Ru(dcb) 2 (dmazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 ; dcb = 4,4’-dicarboxylic- 

2,2’-bipyridine and dmazpy = 2-(4’-N,N-dimethylaminophenylazo)pyridine, has been aimed to be 

synthesized and finally tested the efficiency being as a sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). 

The dmazpy ligand and the complex were prepared and primarily characterized by 1 H NMR and FTIR 

spectroscopy. The electrochemistry behavior of the complex was studied by cyclic voltammetry. 

Methods 

The [Ru(dcb) 2 (dmazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was synthesized by a conventional method [2]. The crude 

complex was purified on Sephadex LH-20 column using methanol as an eluent. 

Results 

The IR and 

1 H-NMR spectra of the complex support with the structure of 

[Ru(dcb) 2 (dmazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 . The Strong absorption band with broadening shoulder in visible region are 

assigned to MLCT from d-*(dcb) and d-*(dmazpy) which appear at longer wavelengths for 50 nm 

than that of the N3, N719 and ([Ru(dcb)2(bpy-PTZ)] 2+ . It is noted that the dmazpy ligand is a good 

electron acceptor according to the redox potentials. 

Conclusion 

The synthesis and characterization of new ionic Ru(II)-azoimine dye was reported. From the UV 

and CV studies, the novel dyes are expected to improve the efficiency of DSSC on LHE factor. 

Keywords: azo-imine, dye-sensitized solar cells, ruthenium complex, light harvesting efficiency 


1. Leesakul, N.; Yoopensuk, S.; Pakawatchai, C.; Saithong, S.; Hansongnern, K. 2010, Acta. Cryst. E. E.66, 1923. 

2. Nazeeruddin, Md. K.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Lagref, J. J.; Liska, P.; Comte, P.; Barolo, C.; Viscardi, G.; 

Schenk, K.; Grätzel, M, 2004. Coordin. Chem. Rev., 248, 1317-1328. 

Wasana Runrueng (วาสนา รื่นเริง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1984 in Ranong Thailand 


Research field: material science and nanotechnology: focus on material synthesis

S3-P63 

Study of Interaction between Some Metal Ions and Malva Nut 

Kahnokkan Kedkoedklao, a Sumpun Wongnawa, a Puchong Woraratananuruk a and 

Malinee Wongnawa b 


University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand. 

b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112 Thailand. 


The objective of this study is to investigate the sorption of heavy metal ion onto malva nut. Malva 

nut fruit [Scaphium scaphigerum (G. Don) Guib & Planch] is known in Thailand as Pungtalay or 

Sumrong. This study focuses on the sorption of lead(II) ion onto a carboxyl group-rich material 

prepared from malva nut and the binding characteristic of the heavy metal ions. The data were 

analyzed by the Scatchard and the Langmuir plots. The sorbent for malva nut were characterized by 

FT-IR, SEM, BET and XRD. 

Methods 

Dried fruits were weighed in 0.05 g portions. Metal ion solution was mixed with the weighed 

dried fruit in a 250 ml volumetric flask. The pH was adjusted with either 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH and 

subsequently stirred for 3 hr. From each flask a 13 ml portion of the solution was taken and placed in 

the test-tube for centrifugation (5500 rpm 20 min) followed by filtration through a 0.42 µm filter 

paper. Metal ion content was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 

Results 

The two parameters for the binding can be obtained from these graphical models. For the 

Scatchard plot the slope is a measure of the stability constant (K eff ) which gives us an idea of the 

affinity of a given sample for a specific cation. In the Langmuir plot, the slope and the ordinate are a 

measure of the limiting amount of mineral adsorbed on the surface and the constant of associations 

(K ads ). 

Conclusion 

The optimum binding capacity of Pb(II) ion to malva nut was obtained in the pH range 5.1- 5.6. 

Two graphical methods were used to provide basic informations of Pb(II) ion with the malva nut 

samples. The Scatchard plot is good for examining ion binding by complex formation (K eff = 6.69 × 

10 2 ) while the Langmiur equation predicts the ion retention by physical adsorption (K ads = 4.82 × 10 2 ). 

Keywords: malva nut, heavy metal, Langmuir equation, flame atomic absorption spectrometry 


1. Nawirska, A. Food. Chem., 2005, 90, 395-400. 

2. Resenthal, H. E. Anal. Biochem., 1967, 20, 525-532. 

3. Wu, Y. Carbohyd. Polym., 2007, 70, 437-443. 

Kahnokkan Kedkoedklao (กนกกาญจน เกตุเกิดเกลา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: bioinorganic chemistry.

S3-P64 

Surface Properties of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by 

Sol-gel Method 

Patcharee Jongnavakit, a Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk, a 

Sumetha Suwanboon b 



b Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 



Self-cleaning glass has been launching on building market in order to reduce the cleaning costs of 

window glass. ZnO is one of the effective metal oxides that exhibit a switchable wettability and can 

coat on the glass. In this work, the surface properties of prepared ZnO thin films at different 

withdrawal speeds were investigated. 

Methods 

ZnO thin films were deposited in glass slide substrates by sol-gel dip-coating method at various 

withdrawal speeds. The mole ratio of Zn 2+ to monoethanolamine (MEA) was kept at 1:1 throughout 

the experiments. The as-coated films were calcined subsequently at 400 C for 1 h. 

Results 

All calcined ZnO thin films show the x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ZnO in wurtzite 

structure. From cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, it is observed that the 

thickness of prepared ZnO thin films increase with the withdrawal speed that can be explained by the 

Landau-Levich model. The water droplet spreading on ZnO thin films however decrease with the 

withdrawal speed. This can be explained by decreasing of denseness of films. 

Conclusion 

The prepared ZnO thin films tend to form the granular particles without orientation. At low 

withdrawal speed, ZnO thin film become denser and maybe increase the density of contacted solid 

which leads to increase the water contact angle value. 

Keywords: zinc oxide, thin film, dip-coating method. 


1. Liu, H.; Feng, L.; Zhal, J.; Jiang, L.; Zhu, D. Langmuir, 2004, 20, 5659-5661. 

2. Kuznetsov, A. V.; Xiong, M. Int. Comm. Heat Mass Trans., 2002, 29, 35-44. 

3. Li, Y.; Cai, W.; Duan, G.; Cao, B.; Sun, F.; Lu, F. J Colloid Inter. Sci., 2005, 287, 634-639. 

Patcharee Jongnavakit (พัชรี จงนวกิจ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: material chemistry

S3-P65 

Synthesis and Characterization of The Ruthenium(II) Complex 

Containing 4-4-Dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine and 2,6-(Diphenylazo)pyridine 

Sukanpirom Siritam, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak Puetpaiboon and Nararak Leesakul 




In the last three decades interest focused on the redox and photophysical properties of ruthenium 

polypyridine compounds, mainly because of coordinative stability in the oxidation states. Especially 

dye sensitizers of the Ru(II)-polypyridyl type are playing an important role in the study of 

photoinduced electron transfer processes mimicking the processes in the photosynthetic reaction 

center. In this study, we focus on the synthesis of the ruthenium(II) complex containing 4,4dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine 

and 2,6-(diphenylazo)pyridine ligands. 

Methods 

The ruthenium(II) complex containing 4,4-dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine and 2,6- 

(diphenylazo)pyridine ligands has been synthesized by the reaction of dichlorobis(4,4-dicarboxy-2,2bipyridine)ruthenium(II) 

complex, [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ], and diazpy ligand in methanolic solution. The 

synthesized complex was purified by silica gel column chromatography. 

Results 

The ruthenium(II) complex has been synthesized and its spectroscopic properties were studied. 

Infrared spectrum of the complex showed that the N=N stretching mode was observed at lower 

frequency than that of the free diazpy ligand. The complex showed an intense -* absorption in the 

UV region with a broad band assigned to metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the visible 

range. The molecular structure of the compound was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance 

spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). 

Conclusion 

The ruthenium(II) complex was successfully synthesized. 

Keywords: ruthenium(II) complex, polypiridine ligand 


1. Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Comte, P.; Grätzel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1988, 110, 

3686-3687. 

2. Nookong, P.; Hansongnern, K. M. Sc. Inorganic Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, 2003 

(Unpublished). 

Sukanpirom siritam (สุกานตภิรมย ศิริธรรม) M.Sc. Student 




S3-P66 

Synthesis and Characterization of the Ruthenium(II) Complex 

Containing 4,4’-Dicarboxy-2,2’-bipyridine and 

4-Methyl-2-(phenylazo)pyridine Ligands 

Paradorn Wareesri, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak Puetpaiboon and Nararak Leesakul 




Some dyes of ruthenium complexes are one of the key components in dye-sensitized solar cells 

for high power conversion efficiencies. To improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells 

focusing on the dye, the absorption properties of the complex can be tuned to a lower energy region 

by introducing a ligand with a low-lying * molecular orbital or by destabilization of the metal t 2g 

orbital with a strong donor ligand. 

In this research work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (4mazpy)]Cl 2 

with spectroscopic techniques. We expect that the 4mazpy will destabilize the metal t 2g orbital 

because of its property as a strong donor ligand. 

Methods 

Synthesis of the [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (4mazpy)]Cl 2 complex: The mixture of Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 and 4-methyl- 

2-(phenylazo)pyridine (4mazpy) was refluxed for 10 h. The mixture became brown. After refluxed, 

the mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature and evaporated to dryness. 

Results 

In NMR spectrum, the 4mazpy showed 7 signals for 11 protons of the pyridine ring and 

the phenyl ring. The dcbpy showed 9 signals for 12 protons of the pyridine rings. 

The Ruthenium complex exhibited ν (N=N) at 1325 cm -1 in IR spectrum, red shifted by 58 cm -1 from 

the free 4mazpy ligand, which was an evidence of good indication of N-coordination. 

The complex displayed intense bands in the UV-Visible region at 366 nm and 502 nm assigned to 

intraligand transition and metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The Ruthenium(II) complex was successfully synthesized and characterized. 

Keywords: dye-sensitized solar cells, ruthenium polypyridyl complexes 


1. Nazeeruddin, Md. K.; Kay, A.; Rodicio, I.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Mueller, E.; Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; 

Graztel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 6382-6390. 

2. Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Nazeeruddin, Md. K.; Comte, P.; Graztel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 

3686-3687. 

Paradorn Wareesri (ภราดร วารีศรี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Phang-nga, Thailand 



S3-P67 

Synthesis and Characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (5mazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 (dcbpy 

= 4,4-dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine, 5mazpy = 5-methyl-2-(phenylazo)pyridine) 

Nanthanach Yathip, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak Puetpaiboon and Nararak Leesakul 




Coordination complexes of ruthenium exhibit versatile electron-transfer properties and various 

types of applications such as ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complexes, in solar energy conversion, as 

photocatalysts, sensors for biomolecules, phototherapeutic agents and mechanistic probes for nucleic 

acids. Because of their unique and advantageous photophysical properties, there is a continuing 

interest in the application of the excited state properties of these complexes by changing the structure 

of the ligands. In this work, we focused on synthesis and characterization of [Ru(dcbpy) 2 

(5mazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 (where dcbpy is 4,4-dicarboxy-2,2-bipyridine, 5mazpy is 5-methyl-2-(phenylazo) 

pyridine). 

Methods 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] complex was prepared by modified literature method. 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (5mazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was prepared by reaction between [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and 5- 

methyl-2-(phenylazo)pyridine, 5mazpy in Methanol and H 2 O(1:1). The mixture was refluxed. The 

solution of NH 4 PF 6 was added to the reaction mixture. 

Results 

The complex was purified by column chromatography on a silica gel. A mixture of ethanol and 

methanol was used as the eluting solvent. The yield of the [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (5mazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was 

55%. It is characterized by 1 H NMR, IR and UV-visible absorption spectroscopies. 

Conclusion 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (5mazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex is successfully synthesized. 

Keywords: ruthenium(II) complex, polypyridine ligand 


1. Changsaluk, U.; Hansongnern, K. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27, 739-749. 

2. Schwarz, O.; Loyen, D.; Jockusch, S.; Turro, N. J.; Dürr, H. J. Photoch. Photobio. A., 2000, 132, 91-98. 

Nanthanach Yathip (นันทนัช ยาทิพย) M.Sc. Student 




S3-P68 

Synthesis and Characterization of the [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (bsazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 

complex (dcbpy = 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, 

bsazpy = 2-(phenylazo)benzothizole) 

Alisa Bueraheng, Kanidtha Hansongnern, Walailak puetpaiboon and Nararak leesakul 


University, Had Yai, Songkla 90110, Thailand. 


To study the method for synthesizing Ru(II) complexes with mixed ligand 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'- 

bipyridine and 2-(phenylazo)benzothiazole and characterize the structure of the complex by 1 H-NMR, 

IR and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopies. 

Methods 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] was used as precursor. The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and bsazpy were dissolved with 

methanol-water. The solution mixture was refluxed for 4 h. Then the solution mixture was 

evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography and the methanol-ethanol 

mixture was used as the eluting solvent, to give the red – brown solid. Then the solid was react with 

excess of NH 4 PF 6 in methanolic solution and refluxed for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down 

to room temperature and solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator under vacuum. 

Results 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (bsazpy)](PF 6 ) 2 complex was obtained as a red – brown solid with 70 %. It was 

characterized by 1 H-NMR, IR and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopies. 

Conclusion 

The [Ru(dcbpy) 2 (bsazpy)]Cl 2 complex were successfully synthesized and gave good result from 

spectroscopic technigues. 

Keywords: ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine 


1. Ocakoglu, K.; Yildirim, Y.; Lambrecht, F. Y.; Ocal, J.; Icil, C. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2008, 66, 115-121. 

2. Nazeeruddin, Md. K.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Lagref, J. J.; Liska, P.; Comte, P.; Barolo, C. Coord. Chem. Rev. 

2004, 248, 1317-1328. 

Alisa Buerahenga (อลิษา บือราเฮง) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Pattani, Thailand 



S3-P69 

Synthesis, Characterizations and Fluorescence Properties 

of Chalcones and Heteroaryl Chalcone Derivatives 

Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin, a,b Suchada Chantrapromma, a,b Chatchanok Karalai a,b and 

Hoong-Kun Fun c 



b Crystal Materials Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 

Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

c X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia. 


Chalcones have been studied for their chemical and biological activities for a long time. They 

have a wide range of applications such as non-linear optical, various biological activities such as antiinflammatory, 

antibacterial and antifungal properties. Moreover, chalcones have also been studied for 

fluorescent property. From our previous work which revealed that chalcones containing amino moiety 

displayed fluorescent property, so the compounds 1-9 were synthesized for further comparison. 

O 

1; X = phenyl 2; X = 4-fluorophenyl 

3; X = 4-chlorophenyl 4; X = 4-bromo phenyl 

X 

5; X = 1-naphthalenyl 6; X = 2-naphthalenyl 

N 

Et 7; X = 2-methoxyphenyl 8; X = 3-methoxyphenyl 

9; X = 4-methoxyphenyl 

Et 

Methods 

Compounds 1-9 can be prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation between proper acetophenone 

and diethylaminobenzaldehyde in ethanol in the presence of NaOH. 

Results 

The structure of compounds 1-9 were established on the basis of 1 H-NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis 

spectroscopy. The crystal structures of compounds 3 and 4 were also determined by X-ray 

crystallography technique. Both compounds crystallize out in monoclinic system with space group 

P2 1 /c. Fluorescence spectra of the all compounds were investigated in CHCl 3 and the emission 

characteristic of each compound were depend on the substituent group. In addition, The fluorescence 

quantum yield were studied by comparison with coumarin7 standards. 

Conclusion 

Compounds 1-9 were successfully synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic method. It was 

found that all compounds exhibit fluorescence with the maximum emission in the range of 500-550 

nm when were excited at 440 nm in chloroform solution. 

Keywords: chalcones, fluorescence, fluorescence quantum yield 

References 

1. Tomeckova, V.; Poskrobova, M.; Stefanisinova, M. Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 2009, 74, 1242-1246. 

2. Xu, Z.; Bai, G.; Dong, C. Spectrochim. Acta Part A, 2005, 62, 987-990. 

Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin (ธวัลรัตน กอบเกียรติถวิล) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Nakhonsrithammarat, Thailand 


Research field: material science and photochemistry

S3-P70 

Synthesis and Effect of Substituent Groups on Fluorescent Properties 

of New Hydrazone Derivatives 

Patcharaporn Jansrisewangwong, a,b Suchada Chantrapromma, a,b Chatchanok Karalai a,b and 

Hoong-Kun Fun c 





c X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia. 


Hydrazones and their complexes are interesting due to their fluorescent properties and various 

biological activities. Hydrazones are a special group of compounds in the Schiff base family. They are 

characterized by the presence of >C=N–N=C

S3-P71 

The Effect of Substituted Groups and Solvent Polarity on 

Fluorescence Property of Nicotinonitrile Derivatives 

Thitipone Suwunwong, a,b Suchada Chantrapromma a,b and Chatchanok Karalai a,b 


University,Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 




Nicotinonitrile (pyridine-3-carbonitrile) derivatives have various applications not only on 

bioactivities, such as, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic but also on optical properties, such 

as, NLO (Non-linear optics) and fluorescence. Nicotinonitrile derivatives which show intense 

fluorescence property can be used as fluorescence small molecule which can process the efficient 

organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). This work was concentrated on studying of fluorescence of 6- 

(4-aminophenyl)-2-methoxy-4-(4-substitutedphenyl)nicotinonitrile (compounds I and II) as shown in 

Figure 1. 

I, R = OCH 3 

II, R = OCH 2 CH 3 

Figure 1 Structure of 6-(4-aminophenyl)-2-methoxy-4-(4-substitutedphenyl)nicotinonitrile (I and II) 

Methods 

Compounds I and II were synthesized by mixing the appropriate chalcones, sodium methoxide 

and malononitrile in 1:1:1.5 ratio. The fluorescence property of these type compounds were studied in 

6μM with various solvent polarity which are CHCl 3 , THF and CH 3 CN at room temperature. The 

fluorescence emission spectra were studied by fixing the excitation wavelength at 360.0 nm. And the 

excitation spectra were studied by fixing emission wavelength at 460.0 nm. 

Results 

The solution of compounds I and II emit intense blue fluorescence in CHCl 3 , THF and CH 3 CN 

solvents when excited at 360.0 nm. The emission spectra of I in CHCl 3 , THF and CH 3 CN presents em 

at 445.5, 454.5, 482.0 nm, respectively, and for emission spectra of II presents em at 444.5, 451.5 and 

479.0 nm, respectively. The emission intensity of compound I is higher than that of compound II. 

Conclusion 

Compounds I and II emit intense blue fluorescence light in range of 444.5-482.0 nm in the 

various solvent polarity. Compound I which contain methoxy group shows more intense fluorescence 

emission intensity than that of compound II. It was found that I and II show the most intense 

fluorescence in THF solvent. The emission wavelengths of these compounds were red-shifted with 

increasing solvent polarity. 

Keywords: nicotinonitrile derivatives, fluorescence property 


1. Gong, Z.-L.; Zheng, L.-W.; Zhao, B.-X.; Yang, D.-Z.; Lv, H.-S.; Liu, W.-Y.; Lian, S. J. Photoch. 

Photobio., 2010, 209, 49-55. 

2. Paul, B. K.; Samanta, A.; Kar, S.; Guchhait N. J. Photoch. Photobio., 2010, 214, 203–214. 

Thitipone Suwunwong (ฐิติพร สุวรรณวงศ) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: material science, and photochemistry

S3-P72 

Effect of 4-Substituent on Aromatic Moiety of 4-[(4-Substituted 

benzylidene)amino]benzenesulfonic Acid Derivatives to Their 

Fluorescent Properties 

Pumsak Ruanwas, a,b Suchada Chantrapromma, a,b 

Chatchanok Karalai a,b and Hoong-Kun Fun c 

a Crystal Materials Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 


b Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. 

c X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia. 


Schiff base compounds have been of great interest for many years. These compounds are 

important class of ligands in coordination chemistry and find extensive applications in many fields 

such as anticancer, antibacteria, antivirus, antifungi, other biological properties and 

photoluminescence properties. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of 4-substituent on 

aromatic moiety of 4-[(4-substituted benzylidene)amino]benzenesulfonic acid derivatives to their 

fluorescent properties. 

Methods 

The appropriated benzaldehyde in ethanol was added to aqueous solution of sulfanilic acid in 1:1 

molar ratio. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h. The precipitate was filtered, washed with 

ethanol and purified by recrystallization in ethanol. 

HO 

O 

S 

O 

N 

R 

1; R = N(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 

2; R = N(CH 3 ) 2 

3; R = OCH 2 CH 3 

4; R = OCH 3 

5; R = OH 

Results 

From fluorescent studied, it was found that the 4-substituent on phenyl ring affected the 

fluorescent intensity. Compound 1 shows higher fluorescent intensity than 2, 3, 4 and 5. These results 

suggested that the fluorescent intensity increased for the stronger of electron donating substituent 

group containing compounds. 

Conclusion 

Chalcones 1-5 were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, UV-Vis and 

FT-IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by using single crystal X- 

ray diffraction analysis. From fluorescent studied, compound 1 shows higher fluorescence intensity 

than 2, 3, 4 and 5. 

Keywords: benzylideneamino benzenesulfonic acid, crystal structure, fluorescent property 


1. Wang, Y.; Yang, Z.-Y. J. Lumin., 2008, 128, 373-376. 

2. Zhang, X.; Li, Z. Acta Cryst., 2008, E64, o1159. 

Pumsak Ruanwas (ภูมิศักดิ์ เรือนวาส) Ph.D. Student 




Research field: material science, photochemistry

S3-P73 

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of MFe 2 O 4 

(M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) Ceramics Prepared by Sol-gel Process 

Rawiphong Wongnin and Jinda Khemprasit 




Metal ferrites have been intensively studied because of their magnetic properties that can be used 

in many areas such as data storage devices, magnetic devices, etc. Many ferrites are spinel with the 

formula AB 2 O 4 , where A and B are metal cations. The spinel ferrite structure consists of a cubic 

close-packed (fcc) oxides (O 2− ) with A 2+ atoms occupying all of the tetrahedral coordination sites and 

B 3+ atoms occupying all of the octahedral sites. It is well known that the magnetic properties of 

ferrites depend on composition and cation distribution. Thus, in this work the various metal ferrites 

(MFe 2 O 4 ; M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) prepared by sol-gel process were studied. Moreover, the effects of 

calcination temperature on structural and magnetic properties of these ferrites were also investigated. 

Methods 

Metal ferrites were prepared by sol-gel process using M(CH 3 COO) 2·xH 2 O (M = Co, Ni, Cu and 

Zn) and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O as starting materials and ethylene glycol as cross-linking agent. 

M(CH 3 COO) 2·xH 2 O and Fe(NO 3 ) 3·9H 2 O were separately dissolved in deionized water and mixed 

both together by stirring at room temperature for 20 minutes. After that ethylene glycol was added 

into the mixed precursor in the molar ratio of 2:1 (ethylene glycol:metal acetate solution) and then 

refluxed at 50-60 ºC for 2.5 hrs to get sol-gel solutions, followed by heating at 250 ºC to get the dried 

gels. The dried gels were calcined in air at different temperatures in the range of 400-700 ºC for 3 hrs 

to obtain the ferrite powders. The dried gels and ferrite powders were characterized by TG-DTA, FT- 

IR and XRD. The magnetic properties were also measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). 

Results 

TG-DTA results indicated the crystallization temperatures of 257, 316, 298 and 318 ºC for 

CoFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 , CuFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 , respectively. XRD patterns of CoFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 and 

ZnFe 2 O 4 calcined powders showed the single phase of face-centered cubic structure, whereas the 

impurity phases of Fe 2 O 3 and CuO were found in the CuFe 2 O 4 calcined powders. The crystallite sizes 

of all ferrites increased with increasing the calcinations temperature. All ferrites, except ZnFe 2 O 4 , 

showed ferromagnetic behavior, whereas ZnFe 2 O 4 was a paramagnetism. The saturation 

magnetizations (M s at 10 kOe) of 78.7, 39.9, 11.8 and 9.6 emu/g were observed for CoFe 2 O 4 , 

NiFe 2 O 4 , CuFe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 , respectively. 

Conclusion 

MFe 2 O 4 (M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) powders were prepared by sol-gel process. All ferrites, except 

CuFe 2 O 4 , exhibited the single phase of face-centered cubic structure. The M s values of ferrites depend 

on the number of unpaired electrons in 3d orbital of transition metal ions. 

Keywords: sol-gel process, magnetic properties, ferrite 


1. Du, J.; Liu, Z.; Wu, W.; Li, Z.; Han, B.; Huang, Y. Mater. Res. Bull, 2005, 40, 928-935. 

2. Ponhan, W.; Maensiri, S. Solid State Sci, 2009, 11, 479-484. 

Rawiphong Wongnin (รวิพงษ วงศนิล) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: magnetic material and material science

S3-P74 

Synthesis and Characterization of Thiocyanate-Bridge Co II -Cu II 

Bimetallic Complex: [CoCu(2,2′-bpy) 2 (SCN) 2 Cl 2 ] 

Sittichai Phanjamnong, Sujittra Yungme and Somying Leelasubcharoen 




Bimetallic complexes are an important class of materials because of their potential application in 

catalysis reaction. In recent years, bimetallic catalysis in air and non-phosphorus catalysts has become 

an important for the development of industrial process under simple, economical and environmentally 

friendly condition. Thiocyanate bridging ligand has multi-modes of coordination to form complexes, 

which is widely used for the synthesis of bimetallic complexes. The cobalt (II) and copper (II) 

complexes are used as catalysts for the organic reactions. Bimetallic complexes can be synthesized by 

many synthetic routes, which depended on the properties of complexes. Piort Smolenski and Andrzej 

Kochel synthesized Co (II) - 2,2′-bipyridine complex which catalyse for hydrogenation of dienes . In 

1986, Yasuo Nakao and co-worker synthesized Cu 2 (2,2′-bpy) 2 (SCN) 4 complex. 

In this work, we tried to synthesis cobalt (II)-copper (II) complex, which has thiocyanate ligand as 

a bridging ligand. 

Methods 

The reaction of CoCl 2 .6H 2 O, 2,2′-bipyridine, NaSCN and Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .H 2 O (mole ratio: 1:2:2:1, 

respectively) in methanol solution led to a green solid. The resulting product was characterized by 

melting point measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. 

Results 

The green complex was synthesized with the CoCl 2 .6H 2 O, 2,2′-bipyridine, NaSCN and 

Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .H 2 O in methanol. The infrared spectrum of the complex shows characteristic peak of 

thiocyanate ligand. Thermal decomposition of complex shows 50.24 % of weight loss in the range of 

260-320 ºC. m.p. > 250 ºC 

Conclusion 

In this work, we have tried to synthesis bimetallic composing Co and Cu. The results of FT-IR 

spectrum and TG-DTA curve of complex correspond to the chemical formula of CoCuC 22 H 16 N 6 S 2 Cl 2 . 

It could be thecomplex of [CoCu(2,2′-bpy) 2 (SCN) 2 Cl 2 ]. 

Keywords: bimetallic complex, cobalt complex, copper complex 


1. Smolenski, P.; Kochel, A. Polyhedron, 2010, 29, 1561-1566. 

2. Nakao, Y.; Nakamura, H.; Mori, W.; Sakurai, T.; Suzuki, S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1986, 59, 2755-2760. 

Sittichai Phanjamnong (สิทธิชัย พานจํานงค) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: organometallic and bimetallic catalyst

S3-P75 

Rapid and Energy Saving Route Synthesis and Characterization of 

Copper Hydroxyphosphate 

Saifon Kullyakool, Chanaiporn Danvirutai and Khatcharin Siriwong 


Maung, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Metal phosphates are among the widest spread minerals in the class of phosphates, especially, 

copper hydroxyphosphate, Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 , the mineral named libethenite, has been increasingly 

interested due to its catalytic property for an important environmentally benign oxidation reaction. Y. 

Zhan et al. reported the hydrothermal synthesis of Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 at 150 ºC, for 48 h without surfactant 

or template [1]. In this work, Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 was synthesized by a simple, rapid and energy saving 

method compared with those reported in the literatures. 

Methods 

The Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 was synthesized by simple wet chemical reaction between Na 3 PO 4·12H 2 O and 

CuSO 4·5H 2 O at 90 ºC for 24 h. The synthesized Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 and the calcined product at 800 ºC were 

characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTG/DTA and AAS techniques. 

Results 

The FT-IR spectra of the synthesized samples agree with the literature [2]. The XRD patterns of 

the synthesized Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 and the calcined product Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 agree with the standard PDF # 83- 

2264 and # 89-0150 respectively. The percentage mass loss of Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 was observed over the 

range of 500-550 ºC and corresponds to 1 mole of water of constituent. The AAS result confirmed the 

formula of the title compound. 

Conclusion 

The Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 was successfully synthesized by using the more simple, rapid and energy saving 

route compared with those reported in the literatures. The results from AAS, TG/DTG/DTA, FTIR, 

and XRD confirm the formula of synthesized compound as Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 and the calcined product at 

800 ºC as Cu 4 O(PO 4 ) 2 . 

Keywords: copper hydroxyphosphate, simple synthesis, FT-IR spectra 


1. Zhan, Y.; Li, H.; Chen, Y. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2010, 180, 481-485. 

2. Jastrzębski, W.; Sitarz, M.; Rokita, M,; Bulat, K. Spectrochemica Acta Part A, 2010, doi: 

10.1016/j.saa.2010.08.044 (in press). 

Saifon Kullyakool (สายฝน กัลยากุล) M.Sc. Student 


Khon Kaen University, Thailand, B.Sc. (Chemistry), 2009 

Research field: FT-IR/FT Raman spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of 

some metal phosphates

S3-P76 

Effects of Calcining Temperature on Structural and Dielectric 

Properties of LiAlNiO Giant Dielectric Materials 

Chulirat Phanyang and Jinda Khemprasit 




Lithium nickel oxide materials with certain dopants have been reported as the new types of giant 

dielectric constant materials such as Li x Ti y Ni 1-x-y O. Their r values are very high and useful as 

excellent dielectric materials applied in microelectronic devices. In this research, Li 0.05 Al 0.02 Ni 0.93 O 

(LANO) ceramics were prepared by sol-gel process with varying the calcining temperatures (800- 

1200 o C). Furthermore, the effects of calcining temperature on structural and dielectric properties 

were also studied. 

Methods 

The Li 0.05 Al 0.02 Ni 0.93 O ceramics were prepared by sol-gel process with varying the calcining 

temperatures (800-1200 o C) for 4 hrs. The calcined powders were mixed with 3%PVA and pressed 

into the pellets and then sintered at 1250 o C for 2 hrs. All of calcined samples were characterized by 

X-ray diffraction (XRD). The sintered pellets were investigated by scanning electron microscope 

(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) to observe microstructure and 

chemical composition. The dielectric properties were also measured by Impedance analyzer. 

Results 

XRD patterns of all calcined samples exhibited the single phase of cubic rock-salt NiO structure. 

The surface morphologies of sintered samples revealed that the grain size increased with increasing 

the calcining temperature. The chemical composition of all sintered LANO showed the insignificant 

distribution of Al-dopant at grains and grain boundaries. The dielectric constants of all LANO 

samples decreased steadily over the measured frequency range, in which the sample calcined at 800 

o C showed the highest dielectric constant of 1.27 x 10 5 at 1 kHz. At 1 kHz and 30 o C, all samples 

showed the very high dielectric constants of 10 4 -10 5 , which decreased with increasing the calcining 

temperature. 

Conclusion 

The LANO were successfully prepared by sol-gel process and had the giant r of 1.27 x 10 5 at 1 

kHz for the sample calcined at 800 o C. 

Keywords: sol-gel process, LiAlNiO, microstructure, dielectric properties 


1. Wu, J.; Nan, C.-W.; Lin, Y.; Deng, Y. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 89, 217601(1-4). 

2. Tangwancharoen, S.; Thongbai, P.; Yamwong,T.; Maensiri,S. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2009, 115, 585-589. 

3. Lin, Y.; Wang, J.; Jiang, L.; Chen, Y.; Nan, C.-W. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2004, 85, 5664-5666. 

Chulirat Phanyang (ชุลีรัตน พันธุยาง) M.Sc Student 

b 1982 in Chaiyapoom, Thailand 


Research field: material science and dielectric materials

S3-P77 

Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Copper (II) with 

1,10-Phenanthroline Ligand 

Nittaya Thuyweang and Somying Leelasubcharoen 


Khon Kean 40002, Thailand. 


Bimetallic compounds are interesting material because they can be used in various fields such as 

catalysis, biochemistry and magnetic materials. The copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes can be used 

as catalysis for organic reaction. 2, 2’- Bipyridine (bpy) and 1,10- phenanthroline (phen) are 

examples of bidentate amines organic chelating ligand. They are provided π-π stacking interactions 

among their aromatic moieties. In this work, we are interested in the synthesis and characterization of 

binuclear copper (II) compound. 

Method 

The methanol solution of 1,10-phenanthroline ligand (0.3821 g, 2.1203 mmol) was added into a 

solution of NiCl 2 .6H 2 O (0.2504 g, 1.0552 mmol) in 10 ml of methanol. The mixture was stirred for 1 

h at room temperature followed by adding methanol a solution of CuCl 2 .2H 2 O (0.1746 g, 1.0242 

mmol). The reaction was stirred for 5 h and the solvent was evaporated at room temperature for 

several days. The green crystal were precipitated and recrystallized by DI solvent. 

Results 

The IR spectrum of the compound shows the stretching vibration for the N-H bond at 3044 cm -1 

and the aromatic C=C and C=N of the phen ring appears at 1607 cm -1 , 1586 cm -1 1515 cm -1 and 1423 

cm -1 . The elemental analysis calculated for C 24 H 16 Cl 4 Cu 2 N 4 are found as carbon: 45.8%, hydrogen: 

2.56% and nitrogen: 8.90%. The percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen from measurement are 

45.77, 1.73 and 8.87, respectively. The melting point of compound is higher than 250 C. 

Conclusion 

Reaction of nickel chloride and copper chloride with 1,10-phenanthroline provide binuclear 

copper (II) 1,10-phenanthroline compound. From CHN analysis, IR spectrophotometer and melting 

point, the product is suggested as formula of [Cu(Phen)Cl] 2 (μ-Cl) 2 . 

Keywords: copper, 1,10-phenanthroline, binuclear 


1. Louis, B.; Detoni, C.; Carvalho, N. M. F.; Duarte, C. D.; Antunes, O. A. C. Appl. Catal. A, 2009, 360, 218-225. 

2. Zhang, Q. Q.; Zhang, F.; Wang, W. G.; Wang, X. L. J. Inorg. Biochem, 2006, 100, 1344-1352. 

Nittaya Thuyweang (นิตยา ทุยเวียง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Organometallic and bimetallic catalyst.

S3-P78 

DNA Purine Base-binding to (N-(Methylpyridin-2-yl)-amidino-Omethylurea)copper(II) 

Chloride 

Romrawee Pratumwieng and Unchulee Chaveerach 




Investigations on the interactions of purine bases with transition metal complexes are basis to 

design the new types of the anticancer drugs. Developing modern medicine inorganic chemistry has 

been extensively studies for improving the design of complexes to reduce toxic side effects. 

Copper(II) complex of N-(methylpyridin-2-yl)-amidino-O-methylurea (L), [CuLCl 2 ] (1), 

previously synthesized and structurally studied by U. Suksangpanya et al in 2004 [1]. In this work, the 

complex 1 was synthesized and investigated its purine base-binding ability toward guanine (gua) and 

adenine (ade) in 1:2 molar ratio to obtain expectedly the adducts of [CuL(gua) 2 ]Cl 2 (2) and 

[CuL(ade) 2 ]Cl 2 (3). Elemental analysis, FT-IR, diffuse reflectance, EPR and powder X-ray diffraction 

were used to characterize both bound complexes. 

Methods 

Complex 1 was prepared according to the previously reported procedure [1]. Complex 2 and 3 

were prepared by refluxing adenine or guanine and complex 1 in the mixture of EtOH:H 2 O (1:2) for 

24 h. The resulting blue solid was obtained by solvent reduction under vacuum. 

Results 

Methanolysis reaction of N-(methylpyridin-2-yl)-cyanoguanidine precursor was monitored by FT- 

IR spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum of 1 was observed the disappearance of strong peak at 2164cm -1 

which was the characteristic of nitrile group (C≡N) in the precursor, thus confirming that the reaction 

occurred to yield the L ligand. Results from CHN analysis and mass spectrum were also in agreement 

with theoretical values. 

Results of the product from the reaction between complex 1 and two guanine molecules revealed 

the spectrum and data similar to complex 1, which indicated that guanines are not able to replace the 

two chlorides of complex 1. Elemental analysis suggested that complex 3 contain two molecules of 

adenine. Infrared spectra of 3 revealed the combination of the absorption bands of both 1 and adenine. 

The maximum absorption of 3 was shifted with ∆λ = 13 nm. XRD pattern of 3 showed the different 

crystal lattice from 1 and adenine. Therefore, complex 1 has a potential to bind to adenine. 

Conclusion 

The complex 1 was obtained and studied on their purine base-binding ability. Interaction of 

complex 1 with two guanine and adenine were investigated by several basic techniques. The results 

indicated that complex 1 has a potential to coordinate with two adenine molecules by replacing two 

chloride ligands, while that of guanines are not able to bind with complex 1. 

Keywords: copper(II), guanine, adenine, DNA binding 


1. Suksangpanya, U.; Blake, A. J.; Cade, E. L.; Hubberstey, P.; Parker, D. J.; Wilson, C. I. Cryst. Eng. Comn., 

2004, 6(28), 159-167. 

Romrawee Pratumwieng (รมยระวี ประทุมเวียง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Inorganic Chemistry

S3-P79 

Formation of CuO-montmorillonite Hybrid 

Nuttaporn Khumchoo, a Makoto Ogawa b and Nithima Khaorapapong a 



b Department of Earth Sciences and Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 

1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. 


The semiconductor nanocrystals including copper oxide (CuO) have received much attention due 

to their interesting properties and potential applications for gas sensor, solar cell, electrode materials 

and so on. Smectite, a 2:1 layered clay mineral, including montmorillonite provides attractive 

features such as large surface area, swelling behavior, adsorptive property and ion exchange property, 

for conducting the novel hybrid materials. In this work, we report the simple and low temperature 

process to prepare the novel hybrid materials of CuO-montmorillonite. The formation of CuO in 

layered clay mineral may be affected to their particle size and size distribution. 

Methods 

CuO was prepared by the reaction between copper chloride (CuCl 2 ) and sodium hydroxide 

(NaOH) at the molar ratio of Cu 2+ : OH – = 1:10. CuO-montmorillonite was synthesized by adding the 

aqueous solutions of CuCl 2 and NaOH into the suspension of Na-montmorillonite and reacted at 

70 °C for 3 h. The formation of CuO-montmorillonite hybrid was confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, 

and UV-Vis spectroscopy. 

Results 

The basal spacing of CuO-montmorillonite was observed at 1.40 nm. The gallery height of CuOmontmorillonite 

determined by subtracting the thickness of silicate layer (0.96 nm) from the observed 

basal spacing was 0.44 nm. The diffraction peaks due to the monoclinic CuO at d = 0.25, 0.23 and 

0.19 nm (JCPDS 48-1548) were also detected in XRD pattern of the hybrid, indicating the formation 

of CuO on the solid surface. The decrease of the size and the size distribution of CuO in 

montmorillonite hybrid were observed by SEM. The diffuse reflectance absorption bands of CuO and 

CuO-montmorillonite were exhibited at 487 and 468 nm, respectively. The absorption band of CuOmontmorillonite 

was blue shifted with respect to that of synthesized CuO, which can be attributed to 

quantum size effect due to the decrease of particle size of CuO in the hybrid. 

Conclusion 

The novel hybrid material, CuO-montmorillonite, was successfully prepared at low temperature. 

The decrease of particle size of CuO in hybrid material was thought to be caused by the surrounding 

environment of montmorillonite. 

Keywords: montmorillonite, copper oxide 


1. Xia, J.; Li, H.; LuO, Z.; Shi, H.; Wang, K.; Shu, H.; Yan, Y. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2009, 70, 1461-1464. 

2. Wang, Y.; Meng, D.; Liu, X.; Li, F. Cryst. Res. Technol., 2009, 44, 1277-1283. 

Nuttaporn Khumchoo (ณัฐพร ขําชู) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: metal oxide-clay nanocomposite

S3-P80 

Magneto-structural Correlations in Ferromagnetic Triply Bridged 

Dinuclear Cu(II) Compounds Containing Carboxylato and 

Hydroxo Bridges 

Nanthawat Wannarit, a Sujittra Youngme, a Khatcharin Siriwong, a Ramon Costa, b Ibério de P.R. Moreira c 

and Francesc Illas, c 



b Departament de Química Inorgànica & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 

C/ Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 

c Departament de Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona,C/ 

Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 


This research focus on the dinuclear triply-bridged Cu(II) compounds with their existences at the 

great diversity (Classes A-F) of topologies, intramolecular magnetic exchange phenomena and 

magneto-structural correlations. The linear correlations were found for class B compounds and the EH 

calculations had proven to be useful for the proper interpretation 1 . Recently, the deep investigation on 

the magneto-structural correlations of this series which show ferromagnetic behavior using the hybrid 

DFT based methods had been performed. 2 This work may offer some useful information to synthetic 

chemists aiming at obtaining new compounds with enhanced ferromagnetism. 

Methods 

The theoretical computations were performed at B3LYP and BHHLYP levels using the Gaussian 

03 program. For Cu(II) ions, a 6-3111+g basis set has been used, whereas a 6-31g* basis set has been 

used for the remaining atoms (C, H, N, O and Cl). Single-point energy evaluation runs were carried 

out for the crystallographic structures of the isolated dinuclear ions without further geometry 

optimization. 

Results 

The calculated magnetic coupling constants of all compounds had been performed. Interestingly, 

the magneto-structural correlation exhibited the linear correlation between the calculations and the 

aggregate Addison’s τ parameter (geometrical distortion parameter of Cu(II) ion) of class B 

compounds. In addition, the correlation also implied that a role of the third bridging ligand enhances 

ferromagnetic character for classes B and E compounds. 

Conclusion 

The magnetic coupling constants and magneto-structural correlation of the dinuclear triplybridged 

Cu(II) compounds had been investigated by hybrid DFT calculations. The existence of this 

correlation opens the way for the guided synthesis of new complexes with higher ferromagnetic 

behavior. 

Keywords: triply bridged dinuclear copper(II) compounds, ferromagnetic, DFT 


1. Youngme, S.; Phatchimkun, J.; Wannarit, N.; Chaichit, N.; Meejoo, S.; van Albada, G. A.; Reedijk, J. 

Polyhedron, 2008, 27, 304-318. 

2. Costa, R.; Moreira, Ibério de P. R.; Youngme, S.; Siriwong, K.; Wannarit, N.; Illas, F. Inorg. Chem., 

2010, 49, 285-294. 

Nanthawat Wannarit (นันทวัฒน วรรณฤทธิ์) Ph.D. Student 



Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Magnetism, Spin crossover, Theoretical calculation,

S3-P81 

Study of Physical Properties of Li 0.30 Cr 0.02 Ni 0.68 O Powders Prepared 

by Sol-gel Process with Varying Cross-linking Agents 

Bualan Khumpaitool and Jinda Khemprasit 




Recently, (A, B)-doped NiO materials (where A = monovalent ions such as Li + , Na + , K + and B = 

transition metals such as Ti, Al, V, Fe and W) have been attentively investigated for their uses in 

electronic devices such as capacitor and memory devices because these materials showed the very 

high dielectric constants (10 3 -10 4 ), which were weakly dependent on the measured temperature and 

frequency range. Therefore, in this work, we prepare the novel Li and Cr co-doped NiO powders by 

sol-gel process with varying cross-linking agents in order to optimize the condition for this process, 

and study their physical properties. 

Methods 

Li 0.30 Cr 0.02 Ni 0.68 O powders were prepared by sol-gel process with varying cross-linking agents 

(i.e., 1, 2-propanediol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol). Ni(NO 3 ) 2 6H 2 O, LiNO 3 and 

Cr(NO 3 ) 3 9H 2 O were dissolved in appropriate amount of deionized water to get the clear solution and 

then three cross-linking agents were separately added into this solution. After that three solutions were 

refluxed at 60-70 ºC for 2 hrs, followed by heating on a hot plate to get dried gels and calcining at 

1200 ºC for 3 hrs in air. The oxide powders were obtained. The dried gels and oxide powders were 

characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric and differential 

thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 

Results 

The TG-DTA result showed that crystallization temperatures were 385.8C, 360.7C and 408.0C 

for the dried gels with cross-linking agents as 1, 2-propanediol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene 

glycol, respectively. All dried samples exhibited the appearance of the characteristic band peaks of 

organic species, which was observed by FT-IR analysis. Whereas, those peaks of all calcined samples 

disappeared due to the complete decomposition of organic residual species at high temperature (1200 

C for 3 hrs). It means that this temperature was sufficiently high for calcination process. XRD 

patterns of all samples were similar, corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of the 

cubic rock-salt NiO structure. The sample having cross-linking agent as ethylene glycol showed the 

higher-intense and sharper peaks, relating to good crystallinity. 

Conclusion 

The Li 0.30 Cr 0.02 Ni 0.68 O powders were successfully prepared by sol-gel process. All samples 

regarding to the different cross-linking agents, exhibited the single phase of the cubic rock-salt NiO 

structure. The optimization of cross-linking agent was ethylene glycol. 

Keywords: sol-gel process, physical property, NiO 


1. Wu, J.; Nan, C. W.; Lin, Y.; Deng, Y. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2002, 89, 217601(1-4). 

2. Ai, D.; Dai, X.; Li, Q.; Deng, C.; Kang, S. China Part., 2004, 2, 157-159. 

Bualan Khumpaitool (บัวหลัน คุมไพทูลย) Ph.D. Student 



Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: dielectric materials and material science

S3-P82 

Thermal Dehydration Kinetics of LiZnPO 4·H 2 O 

Nantawat Phonchan, a Chanaiporn Danvirutai a and Tipaporn Srithanratana b 



b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 


Openframework phosphate materials are of great interest with respect to their extensive use in ion 

exchange, gas absorption, separation and heterogeneous catalysis. LiZnPO 4·H 2 O was described 

having a zeolite type ABW structure, isomorphous with zeolite Li-(ABW), LiAlSiO 4·H 2 O. The 

preparations and the structure determinations were reported. However, the thermal dehydration 

kinetics has not been reported in the literatures [1, references therein]. 

Methods 

The title compound was synthesized by a simple method at room temperature with a short time 

consuming as reported in our previous work [2]. Kinetic studies were carried out from DSC data by 

using Ozawa and Kissinger equations and from TG data by using Ozawa and KAS equations at the 

heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C min -1 [3–6]. 

Results 

The formula and the structure of LiZnPO 4·H 2 O as well as its calcined product at 250 °C 

(LiZnPO 4 ) were confirmed by the XRD, FTIR, TG, DSC and AAS techniques. The activation energy 

values calculated from two equations using the same data set are very close. Nevertheless, the 

activation energy values calculated from DSC and TG data using the same equation are significantly 

different. It indicates that the first approximation equations could not be applied for the dehydration of 

the title compound. The study of the most probable mechanism function of the dehydration of 

LiZnPO 4·H 2 O will be extended. 

Conclusion 

LiZnPO 4·H 2 O was successfully synthesized by a simple method. Thermal dehydration kinetics 

was studied from two types of experimental data (DSC and TG) using the well-known equations. The 

kinetic parameters were compared and discussed. 

Keywords: LiZnPO 4·H 2 O, openframework materials, thermal dehydration kinetics 


1. Liao, S.; Chen, Z. P.; Tian, X. Z.; Wu, W. W. Mater. Res. Bull., 2009, 44, 1428-1431. 

2. Phonchan, N.; Danvirutai, C.; Srithanratana, T. Presented as poster presentation in PACCON2010. 

Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. 

3. (a) Ozawa, T. J. Therm. Anal., 1970, 2, 301-324. (b) Ozawa, T. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1957, 38, 1881-1886. 

4. (a) Kissinger, H. E. J. Anal. Chem., 1957, 29, 1702-1706. (b) Akahira, T.; Sunose, T. Res. Report Chiba 

Inst. Technol., 1971, 16, 22-31. 

5. Boontima, S.; Danvirutai, C.; Srithanratana, T. Solid State Sci., 2010, 12, 1226-1230. 

6. Noisong, P.; Danvirutai, C. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2010, 49, 3146-3151. 

Nantawat Phonchan (นันทวัท ผลจันทร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Amnat Charoen, Thailand 

Khon Kaen University, Thailand, B.Sc. (Chemistry) 2008 

Research field: vibrational spectroscopy, kinetic and thermodynamic studies of some singleand 

multi-cation phosphate hydrates

S3-P83 

The Studies of Dehydration Mechanism of Potassium Nickel 

Phosphate Monohydrate 

Pittayagorn Noisong, a,b Chanaiporn Danvirutai a and Sujittra Yongme a 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon kaen University, 

Mittaphap Rd, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 

b Development and Promotion in Science and Technology Talents Project (DPST), The institute for the Promotion of 

Teaching Science and Technology, 924 Sukhumvit Rd, 10110, Thailand. 


The some of dittmarite series is a biomineral found in urinary calculi. They are widely attracted 

due to their potential to form the framework structures and applications such as complex fertilizers 1 , 

pigments in artists paints as well as for extraction of cations from sea water. 2 Therefore, these 

compounds are interesting for the studying of the physical and chemical properties. The thermal 

analysis and kinetic studies of this series are less available in the literature. The knowledge about the 

mechanism and kinetics of reaction involving solid state reaction is challenging and difficult task. In 

this respect, they are of great interest to be selected for studying their kinetic of thermal 

decomposition. The aims of this work are to study the kinetic properties of KNiPO 4 •H 2 O by using the 

Ozawa and Coat-Redfern methods. 

Methods 

The KNiPO 4 •H 2 O was synthesized and characterized. The metal and water contents of this hydrate 

were confirmed by using AAS and TG/DTG/DTA, respectively. The kinetic study was performed by 

using two methods. The dehydration and the thermal transformation products obtained from the 

calcinations under air atmosphere were further characterized by FTIR and XRD. 

Results 

The dehydration process of KNiPO 4 •H 2 O appears over the temperature range of 160-300 o C and 

the reversible hydration-rehydration was observed. The activation energy values were found to be 

156.60 and 154.94 kJ mol -1 for Ozawa and Coat-Redfern methods, respectively. The best 

mechanism function of the dehydration process was determined and found to be the random 

nucleation and subsequent growth (A 3/2 ), with a certain restriction on nuclei growth. 

Conclusion 

The dehydration of KNiPO 4 •H 2 O occurs over the temperature range of 160-300 o C without the 

destruction of the layered structure and the dehydration-rehydration was reversible. This behavior can 

be applied for the development of alternative desiccant materials. The best mechanism function of 

the dehydration process of the studied compound was successfully determined to be the 

random nucleation and subsequent growth. 

Keywords: kinetics properties, KNiPO 4 H 2 O, reversible hydration-rehydration 


1. Koleva, V. G. Spectrochim. Acta A, 2005, 62, 1196-1202. 

2. Danvirutai, C.; Noisong, P.; Youngme, S. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2009, 100, 117-124. 

Pittayagorn Noisong (พิทยากรณ นอยทรงค) Ph.D. Student 

b 1982 in Mukdahan, Thailand 


Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: FTIR/Raman spectroscopy, kinetics and thermodynamics properties

S3-P84 

Carbazole Dendronized Triphenylamines as High Tg Amorphous 

Hole-transporting Materials for OLEDs 

Preecha Moonsin, Narid Prachumruk, Taweesak Sudyoadsuk, Tinnagon Keawin,Siriporn Jungsuttiwong 





Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have shown great potential to be low-cost and full color 

flat panel display. The most devices contain hole-transporting materials (HTM) as a buffer layer to 

achieved high efficient performance. Triarylamine and carbazole are commonly used building blocks 

in the formation of HTMs. Therefore, in this work, new bulky HTMs with amorphous and high 

thermal properties based on triphenylamine and carbazole dendrimer namely GnCT (n = 1-3) were 

developed for OLEDs. 

Methods 

GnCTs were synthesized using a combination of Ullmann coupling, iodination, and tosylate 

protection and deprotection reactions. Their chemical structures were fully characterized by standard 

methods and their optical, thermal, electrochemical properties were investigated. OLED devices using 

GnCT as HTM with the device configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/GnCT/Alq 3 /LiF:Al were 

fabricated and measured. 

Results 

GnCTs showed amorphous properties with high Tg ranging from 250 to 350 o C. Their HOMO 

energy levels were calculated to be in the range of 5.1 to 5.37 eV which are suitable for HTM in 

OLEDs. OLED devices having G3CT give a much higher efficiency (4.2-4.3 cd A -1 ) than that of a 

NPB based device (3.75 cd A -1 ) under similar experimental conditions. 

GnCT 

n = 1 

n = 2 n = 3 

Current efficientcy (cd/A) 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

G1CT 

G2CT 

G3CT 

NPB 

4 6 8 10 12 

Voltage (V) 

Conclusion 

HTMs with amorphous property based on carbazole dedronized triphenylamines were 

successfully synthesized, characterized and tested as HTMs in multi layer OLEDs. 

Keywords: OLED, carbazole, triphenylamine, hole-transporting material (HTM) 


1. Promarak, V.; Ichikawa, M.; Sudyoadsuk, T. Thin Solid Films, 2008, 516, 2881-2888. 

Preecha Moonsin (ปรีชา มูลสิน) Ph.D. Student 


Khon Kaen Univ., Thailand, B.Sc. (Chemistry) 2000; M.Sc. (Organic Chemistry) 2004 


S3-P85 

Hydrogen-bonding Supramolecular Assembly of 

cis-Diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline- 2 N,N)nickel(II) Nitrate 

Yothin Chimupala, a Timothy J. Prior b and Apinpus Rujiwatra a 



b Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. 


1. To synthesize and characterize new crystal structures of metal-organic frameworks using the 

cooperative template effect of 1,10-phenanthroline and nitrate. 

2. To study thermal and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized compound. 

Methods 

Single crystals of the title compound were grown using layer diffusion technique, and the crystal 

structure were then fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, CHN 

and TGA/DSC analysis. 

Results 

The title compound, [Ni(1,10-phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]2(NO 3 ), crystallizes in the monoclinic space group 

P2 1 /c, with and unusually long b axis and a large cell volume; a = 19.032(1) Å, b = 47.979(3) Å, c = 

17.596(1) Å, = 116.066(4), V = 14,433.30(14) Å 3 , Z = 24, R(F) = 0.0632, wR(F 2 ) = 0.1449. A huge 

asymmetric unit contains six discrete [Ni(1,10-phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ cations and twelve nitrate anions, 

which are interweaved by hydrogen bonding interactions into a 3-D hydrogen bonding assembly. The 

strength of the established hydrogen bonds indicates the template function of the nitrate anion, from 

which the interactions are otherwise considered insignificant. The thermal and spectroscopic 

properties of the compound confirmed the crystal structure. Upon heating to 308K, the crystal 

undergoes a phase change to a much simpler structure with only a single [Ni(1,10-phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] 2+ 

cation within the asymmetric unit and unit cell volume one sixth of that at low temperature. 

Conclusion 

The [Ni(1,10-phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]2(NO 3 ) compound shows very complicated structure at low 

temperature, despise its simple formula. The nitrate templation function inducing strong hydrogen 

bonding is responsible for the observed complexity. The compound shows temperature driven phase 

transition to the much simpler structure at 308K. 

Keywords: hydrogen bond, supramolecular assembly, single crystal structure, nickel, 

1,10-phenanthroline, Nitrate 


1. Sammes, P. G.; Yahioglu, G. Chem. Soc. Rev., 1994, 23, 327-334. 

2. Gimeno, N.; Vilar, R. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2006, 250, 3161-3189. 

Yothin Chimupala (โยธิน ฉิมอุปละ) M.S. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.S. 2010 

Research field: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)

S3-P86 

CTAB-assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide 

Microflowers 

Oranuch Yayapao, a Titipun Thongtem, a Anukorn Phuruangrat b and Somchai Thongtem c 



b Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 


c Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) has received wide attention owing to its unique photochromic and 

electrochromic properties. It is considered to be a promising material for multiple potential 

applications. In the present research, orthorhombic tungsten oxide (o-WO 3 ) microflowers were 

synthesized using a CTAB-assisted hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized o-WO 3 products were 

further characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, UV–visible and 

photoluminescent spectroscopy. 

Methods 

A 1.38 g of (NH 4 ) 6 H 2 W 12 O 40·xH 2 O was dissolved in 20 ml DI water; 0–7.50 ml 1M HCl was 

subsequently added with 30 min continuous stirring. CTAB surfactant (0.36 g) was added to each 

solution with an additional 30 min of continuous stirring. The mixtures were transferred into Teflonlined, 

stainless steel autoclaves. These were tightly closed, heated at 200 o C for 24 h, and naturally 

cooled to room temperature. Finally, light-green precipitates were synthesized, separated by filtration, 

washed with DI water and ethanol, and dried at 70 o C for 12 h. 

Results 

The as-synthesized WO 3 product was characterized by XRD. In the 2.50 ml 1M HCl was added to 

the solution, both orthorhombic WO 3·0.33H 2 O (JCPDS No. 35-0270) and WO 3 phases (JCPDS No. 

20-1324) were detected. These products became pure orthorhombic WO 3 (o-WO 3 ) in the 5.00 ml and 

7.50 ml 1M HCl-added precursor solutions. The morphologies of o-WO 3 were examined by SEM. 

SEM images show o-WO 3 microflower-like particles, composed of 2–3 μm×100–300 nm×100–300 

nm petals with very smooth surfaces in the 7.50ml 1M HCl-added solution. 

Conclusion 

In summary, o-WO3 microflowers composing of long petals (Eg = 4.10 eV) were successfully 

synthesized by the CTAB-assisted hydrothermal reaction at 200 o C for 24 h. Their microsquare layers 

grew along the [0 2 0] direction to form the petals. UV spectrum shows a maximum absorption at 275 

nm, and PL emission at 375 nm. 

Keywords: hydrothermal reaction, o-WO 3 microflowers, optical properties 


1. Yan, A.; Xie, C.; Zeng, D.; Cai, S.; Hu, M. Mater. Res. Bull., 2010, 45, 1541–1547. 

2. Gu, Z.; Ma, Y.; Yang, W.; Zhang, G.; Yao, J. Chem. Commun., 2005, 3597–3599. 

Oranuch Yayapao (อรนุช ยะยาเปา) M.Sc. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2011 

Research field: nanomaterials

S3-P87 

Luminescence of Uniform LaPO 4 Nanorods Synthesized 

by a Facial Microwave Method 

Nuengruethai Ekthammathat, a Titipun Thongtem, a Anukorn Phuruangrat b and Somchai Thongtem b 



b Department of Physics and Materials Science , Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Rare earth phosphate nanomaterials including LaPO 4 , CePO 4 , EuPO 4 and GdPO 4 is a group of 

phosphor materials and very interesting researchers because of their unique chemical and physical 

properties - comparing to the corresponding materials [1-3]. Among them, lanthanum phosphate 

(LaPO 4 ) with a unique 4f shell of La 3+ ions has been widely used in electronic, optical, and chemical 

characteristics as high performance luminescent devices, magnets, catalysts, time-resolved 

fluorescence labels for biological detection and other functional materials.[1-2] In this research, 

hexagonal LaPO 4 nanorods have been synthesized by microwave radiation method at the precursor 

pH of 1-6. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron 

microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. 

To develop a method for synthesizing and characterize the phase, morphology, atomic vibration 

and optical properties of LaPO 4 by XRD, SEM, TEM and PL spectrometry. 

Methods 

Each of LaCl 3·7H 2 O and Na 3 PO 4·12H 2 O was dissolved in deionized water with 15 min vigorously 

stirring, and adjusting the pH to be 1-6. Each of these solutions was continuously heated by a 

microwave oven (Electrolux, EMS 2820, 2.45 GHz), naturally cooled down to room temperature. 

They were found that white precipitates were produced, filtered, washed by deionized (DI) water and 

95% ethanol several times, and dried at 80 o C for 12 h. The final products were collected for further 

characterization. 

Results 

Phase and crystalline structure of LaPO 4 synthesized by microwave radiation method were 

investigated by XRD, comparing to the JCPDS No. 04-0635. The morphologies of LaPO 4 

nanostructures were examined by SEM and TEM. Form SEM observation, the morphologies of the 

as-synthesized LaPO 4 samples have different shapes as nanoparticles and nanorods, depended on the 

precursor pH of the solutions. 

Conclusion 

Hexagonal LaPO 4 nanorods was successfully prepared from LaCl 3·7H 2 O and Na 3 PO 4·12H 2 O in 

deionized water by microwave radiation method. The microwave method is simple, inexpensive, short 

reaction time, and can be applied for the synthesis of other nanomaterials. 

Key words: LaPO 4, microwave synthesis method, one-dimension 


1. Qian, L.; Du, W.; Gong, Q.; Qian, X. J. Mater. Chem. Phys, 2009, 114, 479-484. 

2. Yao, W. T.; Yu, S. H. Int. J. Nanotechnology, 2007, 4, 129-162. 

3. Zhao, Y. S.; Fu, H.; Peng, A.; Ma, Y.; Xiao, D.; Yao, J. J. Adv. Mater, 2008, 20, 2859-2876. 

Nuengruethai Ekthammathat (หนึ่งฤทัย เอกธรรมทัศน) M.Sc.Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, B.Sc. 2009 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, M.Sc. 2009 


S3-P88 

Synthesis of α-MoO 3 Nanobelts by Facile Hydrothermal Method 

and Its Optical Properties 

Hathai Sinaim, a Titipun Thongtem, a Anukorn Phuruangrat b and Somchai Thongtem b 



b Department of Physics and Materials Science , Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 


Over the past decades, scientific researchers have focused on the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) 

inorganic nanomaterials such as nanowires, nanobelts, and nanotubes because these materials exhibit 

chemical and physical properties that are different from their corresponding bulks due to the reduced size 

and the large surface to volume ratios. α-MoO3 is a wide band gap (2.6 eV) n-type semiconductor, used 

as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. There are a number of reports on the preparation of 1D 

MoO3 nanomaterial which shows better of both chemical and physical properties than other morphologies. 

In the present research, α-MoO3 nanostructures were synthesized using hydrothermal process, and optical 

properties of the product were also investigated. In this work, α-MoO 3 nanostructures will be synthesized 

using a hydrothermal process and characterize the phase, morphology, and optical properties of MoO 3 by 

XRD, SEM, TEM and PL spectrometry 

Methods 

First, 0.005 mole ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate ((NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24·4H 2 O) was dissolved in 20 

ml of deionized water with continuous stirring at room temperature for 30 min. Second, the 15 ml of 2 M 

HNO 3 was added to this colorless solution, and followed by 30 min stirring. Third, the mixture was 

transferred into a home-made Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave to 50 ml capacity. The autoclave was 

tightly closed and heated at 180 °C for 20 h in an electric oven. Finally, light-blue precipitates were 

produced, separated by filtration, washed, and dried at 80 o C in an electric oven for 24 h. 

Results 

The as-synthesized MoO 3 product was characterized by XRD in order to identify the phase and 

structure of the product. All the diffraction peaks of the product were identified to correspond with 

orthorhombic MoO 3 (α-MoO 3 ) of the JCPDS No. 05-0508. The morphologies of α-MoO 3 were examined 

by SEM and TEM. Form SEM observation, the product is a uniform α-MoO 3 nanobelt with no signs of any 

other morphologies. They are more than 10 μm in lenght, and 200-250 nm in width and their surfaces of α- 

MoO 3 nanobelts are very smooth. 

Conclusion 

In summary, α-MoO 3 nanobelts with > 10 μm long and 100-200 nm wide were successfully produced 

under hydrothermal method at 180 o C for 20 h. It was found that α-MoO 3 nanobelts grew along the c axis, 

with the ±(100) top and bottom surfaces and ±(010) side surfaces. Finally, α-MoO 3 nanobelts show the 

emission peak at 437 nm due to the O 2p →Mo 4d charge transition, excited by 337 nm wavelength. 

Keywords: hydrothermal, molybdenum trioxide, optical property. 


1. Song, R. Q.; Xu, A.W.; Deng, B.; Fang, Y. P. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109, 22758-22766. 

2. Phuruangrat, A.; Ham, D. J.; Thongtem, S.; Lee, J. S. Electrohem. Commun., 2009, 11, 1740-1743. 

3. Song, J.; Ni, X.; Zhang, D.; Zheng, H. Solid State Sci., 2006, 8, 1164-1167. 

Hathai Sinaim (หทัย สินอิ่ม) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Lanpang, Thailand 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Inorganic Chemistry, M.Sc. 2011 


S3-P89 

Degradation Behaviors of Eri Silk Fibroin Exposure to 

Protease Enzymes 

Chuleerat Wongnarat, a Darunee Puangpornpitag b and Prasong Srihanam a 


University, Mahasarakham, 44150 Thailand. 

b Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150 Thailand. 


Silkworm silk fibroins are natural polymers produced and excreted by two species of silkworms, 

domestic (B. mori) and wild silk. Silk fibroin (SF) has become a promising biomaterial and found 

rapidly increasing applications. Gaining a clear understanding of the relationship between structure, 

processing, and degradability is a prerequisite for designing silk-based devices for biomedical 

applications. Although, the SF has been explored wildly, however, little information about proteolytic 

degradation of wild silk fibroin was available occured. Thus in this study, degradation behaviors of 

Eri (S. recini) silk fibroin after treatment with protease enzyme in vitro were investigated. In addition, 

degradation of B. mori by protease was also tested for comparison. 

Methods 

The raw silk fibers would be reeled from cocoons of B. mori and Eri. They would be then 

degummed by boiling in 0.5% (w/v) Na 2 CO 3 solution to obtain SF. The SF would be incubated in 

0.05 mg/ml Protease XIV at 37°C for 49 days. The enzyme solution was changed every 7 days. At the 

end of each time points, the SF samples were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 

thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). 

Results 

The surfaces of the silk fibroin before enzymatic degradation were smooth with homogeneously 

appearances. During degradation times 1 up to 49 days, B. mori SF fibers have rougher of their 

surfaces than that of Eri SF fibers. The data obtained from TG, DTG and heat flow curves supported 

that Eri SF fibers have thermal stability in higher than that of the B. mori SF fibers. 

Conclusion 

The effect of proteolytic activity of Proease XIV on morphology and thermal properties can be 

concluded that this enzyme has an effective to degrade B. mori silk fiber in higher than Eri silk which 

resulted on silk surface fractures and decreased its thermal properties. 

Keywords: Silk fibroin; Degradation; Protease XIV 

References: 

1. Taddei, P.; Arai, T.; Boschi, A.; Monti, P.; Tsukada, M. Freddi, G. Biomacrom, 2006, 7, 259-267. 

2. Horan, R. L.; Antle, K.; Collette, A. L.; Wang, Y.; Huang, J.; Moreau, J. E.; Volloch, V.; Kaplan, D. L. 

Altman, G. H. Biomaterials, 2005, 26, 3385-3393. 

Chuleerat Wongnarat (ชุลีรัตน วงศณรัตน) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: biochemistry

S3-P90 

Effect of Silk Concentration on Morphology of Electrospun 

Nanofibers 

Kuttaleeya Krongyut, Taweesak Sudyodsuk, Tinnakorn Keawin, Vinich Promarak and 

Sayant Seangsuwan 

Center for Organic Electronics and Polymers, Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani,34190, Thailand. 


Silk is a biodegradable polymer with superior physical properties such as high mechanical 

strength, elasticity and softness. The electrospuns of silk fibroin (SF) nanofibers, with high specific 

surface area, high porosity and good compatibility, have extensive applications in the field of 

biomaterials such as wound dressing, tissue engineering and drug delivery. However, there are many 

parameters such as concentration of silk solution which affected on the morphology and characteristic 

of SF nanofibers designing of their applications. 

The aim of this study is to examine the optimum condition of SF nanofibers as well as effect of 

silk concentration on morphology of the silk electrospuns. To examine the optimum condition of SF 

nanofibers as well as. 

Methods 

Raw silk was degummed twice with 0.5% (w/w) Na 2 CO 3 solution. Degummed silk was dissolved 

in 9.0M LiBr for 40 min at 60 ºC and dialyzed in a cellulose tube against distilled water for 3 days 

then solution was lyophilized to obtain sponge. The silk sponge solution (12 – 20% w/v) was 

dissolved in formic acid 99%. In the electrospinning process, the capillary with axis tilted about 45º 

from horizontal direction was connected to capillary tube. A high voltage in the range from (20 - 30 

kV) was applied to the droplet of SF solution at the tip. A grounded aluminum foil was placed at a 

distance of 20 cm from the capillary tip. The morphology of electrospun nanofibers was then 

observed by SEM. 

Results 

At low concentration fibers together with droplets and beaded fibers were observed. At higher 

concentration, the droplets disappeared and the beaded fibers became fewer; no droplets or beaded 

fibers. The diameter distribution of the electrospun silk fibroin became bigger when the concentration 

of silk solution was increased. The smooth fibers are obtained with increasing SF concentration. 

Conclusion 

The electrospinning of concentrated regenerated SF solutions was successfully prepared. The 

regenerated SF fibers were obtained which is much smaller than that of natural silk fiber. The diameter 

distribution and the surface of electrospun silk fibroin became bigger and smoother, respectively, 

when the concentration of silk solution is increased. 

Keywords: silk fibroin, electrospinning 


1. Jingxin, Z.; Huili, S.; Xuechao, H. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 2007, 41, 469-474. 

2. Hyoung, J. J.; Jaehyung, P.; Regina, V.; Peggy, C.; David, L. K. Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 2004, 5, 711-717. 

Kuttaleeya Krongyut (คัทลียา ครองยุติ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Electrospinning of Silk fibroin, Polymer nanofibers

S3-P91 

Preparation and Characterization of 

Porous and Crosslinked Styrene Based Copolymers 

Pornpun Seelaphong and Thanida trakulsujaritchok 

Department of chemistry and center of Excellence for Innovation in chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 



Macroporous polymer beads are often used for the preparation of various types of ion exchangers, 

inert supports for catalysts, chromatographic packing materials and adsorbents. The used of these 

polymer beads is very much controlled by their porous structure and surface morphology [1-2]. In this 

research, crosslinked styrene based copolymer was prepared by suspension polymerization in the 

presence of various diluents. The surface appearance and porous structure of the prepared beads was 

characterized and discussed on the basis of types and contents of diluents. 

Methods 

The copolymer beads were prepared by suspension polymerization of styrene (ST) and 

divinylbenzene (DVB) with benzoyl peroxide as an initiator in the presence of various diluents. The 

continuous phase consisted of a 4 wt% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). The 

polymerization was carried out in a flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, N 2 inlet and a condenser at 

85 C for 8 hr. The obtained beads were washed with water and methanol. The beads were finally 

vacuum dried at 55 C for 24 hr. 

Results 

The porous styrene-co-divinylbenzene copolymer (ST-co-DVB) containing 30, 50 and 80% of 

diluents were prepared. The effects of crosslink density, stirring speed on morphology of the beads 

were also investigated. It was found the n-heptane was an efficient diluent for the suspension 

polymerization system. The obtained copolymers possessed a wide range of specific surface area and 

pore volume, 30.8-71.63 m 2 /g and 0.479-0.652 mL/g, respectively. 

Fig 1. SEM micrographs of ST-co-DVB beads 

No diluent 

50% n-heptane 

Conclusion 

Radical suspension copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in the presence of various 

diluents led to the macromolecular copolymer beads with large surface area and pore sizes. The pore 

structure of these copolymer beads was controlled by several factors including the stirring speed, 

crosslink density, stabilizer and the amounts and types of diluents. 

Keywords: styrene, suspension polymerization, diluent, porous, morphology 


1. Luiz, C. de S. M.; Mônica, R. M. P. A.; Priscilla, D. E.; Leonardo O. F.; Shu, H. W.; Mater. Lett., 2007, 

61,160-164. 

2. Li, L.; Cheng, J.; Wen, X.; Pi, P.; Yang, Z.; Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 2006, 14, 471-477. 

Pornpun Seelaphong (พรพรรณ สีลาผอง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: polymer synthesis 

80% n-heptane

S3-P92 

Adsorption of Cu 2+ Ions on Chelating Glycidyl Methacrylate 

Copolymer Micro-beads 

Nittaya Toeyla and Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 




Heavy metals contamination in environmental is an important problem because their 

accumulations in living organism and toxicities even in low concentration [1-3]. Various technologies 

and processes have been developed for removing and reducing heavy metal ions from aqueous 

solution such as ion exchange, adsorption, and precipitation [1-3]. Among these methods, adsorption 

of heavy metal ions using chelating resins has attracted much interest because of their reusability, 

easy production in a wide variety of component, high surface area, easy handling and high selectivity 

[1-3]. In this research, chelating porous micro-beads were produced by suspension polymerization 

technique from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers. 

Methods 

The poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycol dimathacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), 

poly(GMA-co-EGDM-co-HEMA) beads were prepared via suspension polymerization technique, 

using EGDM as a crosslinker and 1-dodecanol as a porogen. The copolymer beads were reacted with 

diethylene triamine (DETA) to prepare chelating resin and characterized by FT-IR, SEM and surface 

area analyzer (BET). Adsorption of metal ions form aqueous solution under single metal ion condition 

was performed by soaking 0.1 g chelating resin in 20 ml of metal ion solution (initial concentration 

700 ppm) for 120 min at natural pH. After adsorption, the residual concentration of metal ion was 

determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 

Results 

The results from FT-IR indicated that amine functional groups have been incorporated into the 

chemical structure of the beads and chelating resin was successfully prepared. SEM micrographs 

showed that the copolymer beads synthesized in presence of 1-dodecanol were spherical and porous. 

The BET specific area of non-porous and porous poly(GMA-co-EGDM-co-HEMA) were 0.37 m 2 /g 

and 3.83 m 2 /g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cu 2+ by porous and non-porous 

beads under single metal ion condition were 0.700 and 0.0754 mmol/g, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The poly(GMA-co-HEMA-co-EGDM) beads were prepared by suspension polymerization using 

1-dodecanol as a porogen. The porous chelating resin polymerized in the presence of 75% mol GMA 

and 50%v/v 1-dodecanol has strong potential for the removal of metal ion from aqueous solution. 

Keywords: chelating copolymer, micro-beads, GMA, HEMA 


1. Chen, C.-Y.; Lin, M.-S.; Hsu, K.-R. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 152, 986-993. 

2. Liu, C.; Hong, L. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2006, 303, 99-108. 

3. Bayramoglu, G.; Arica, M. Y. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2005, 45, 192-199. 

Nittaya toeyla (นิตยา เตยหลา) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: functional polymer

S3-P93 

Curing Characteristics of UV-curable Coating based on Urethane 

Acrylate Oligomer 

Dapawan Kunwong and Supranee Keawpirom 




UV-curable coating represents a class of coating with no or low volatile organic compounds and 

has been wildly used in many industries. The technology of UV curable is based on coating 

components, which consist of an oligomer, a monomer and a photoinitiator. 

Methods 

The oligomers were obtained from the reaction of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), polypropylene 

glycol (PPG) with dibyltyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the catalyst and endcapped by 2-hydroxyethyl 

methacrylate (HEMA) or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The finish of reaction was determined by 

the disappearance of the -NCO peak (at 2270 cm -1 ) in the Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer 

(FTIR). 

The UV-curable coatings were prepared with the component shown in Table 1. In each 

formulation the chemicals were mixed in a round-bottom flask under N 2 atmosphere. The reaction 

was performed at room temperature for 2 h. 

Table 1 Formulation used to prepare UV-cured coating. 

Results 

Name 

HEAendcapped 

Component (g) 

Oligomer Monomer Photoinitator Additive 

1,6-Hexanediol 

HEMAendcapped 

phenylacetophenone acid 

2,2-Dimethoxy-2- Methacrylic 

ethoxylate diacrylate 

(EO-HDDA) 

Silane 

coupling agent 

(%) 

COAT1 5 - 3.3 1.25 3 2 

COAT2 - 5 3.3 1.25 3 2 

Fig.1 Gel fraction as a function of 

time of UV-cured film. 

Fig.2 TGA and DTG curves of UV-cured 

film after irradiation time 20s. 

Conclusion 

1. The gel fraction increased with increasing the irradiation time and the gel fraction of COAT1 

higher than COAT2. 

2. COAT1 showed better thermal stability compared with COAT2. 

3. The curing behavior of the prepared coatings depended on the irradiation time and functional 

group of oligomers. 

Keywords: UV-curable coating, urethane acrylate oligomer, gel fraction 


1. Lee, B. H.; Kim, H. J. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2006, 91, 1025-1035. 

2. Park, Y. J.; Lim, D. H.; Kim, H. J.; Park, D. S.; Sung, I. K. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 2009, 29, 710-717. 

Dapawan Kunwong (ดาภะวัลย คุณวงค) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Material Sciences and Nanotechnology

S3-P94 

Synthesis and Modification of Polymeric Adsorbent Microspheres 

Containing Epoxy Groups for Cd(II) Removal 

Wiphawadee Thongnak and Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 




Environmental contamination with heavy metal ions is a serious problem owing to their tendency 

to accumulate in living tissues, causing various diseases and disorders. One of the most dangerous 

metal ions for human life is Cd(II) which is often detected in industrial wastewaters. Nowadays 

chelating resins are increasingly used in the fields of wastewater treatment, chemical analysis and 

environmental protection. In this study, crosslinked chelating resins of glycidyl methacrylate and 

methyl methacrylate have been prepared and used for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous 

solution. 

Methods 

The adsorbent microspheres were prepared by suspension polymerization of glycidyl 

methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene in the presence of n-heptane and benzoyl 

peroxide as a porogen and an initiator, respectively. The reaction mixtures were polymerized at 85˚C 

for 8 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The beads were chemically modified through epoxy functional 

groups by treating with ethylenediamine (EDA) to give amine-functionalized adsorbents. The 

adsorbent beads were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, swelling behavior and BET surface area. The 

removal behavior of non-porous adsorbent towards Cd(II) in aqueous solutions was studied at 

different experimental conditions. The comparison of adsorption capacity between porous and nonporous 

adsorbents was investigated. 

Results 

The functional groups of amine-functionalized adsorbents microspheres were confirmed by FT-IR 

spectra. The specific surface areas of the non-porous and porous adsorbents were 0.13 and 7.91 m 2 /g, 

respectively. The effects of time, pH and initial concentrations of the solution on adsorption have been 

investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity occurred at 60 min, at natural pH and initial 

concentration 700 ppm. The adsorption capacities of non-porous and porous adsorbent were 0.10 and 

0.54 mmol/g, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The adsorbent microspheres immobilized with EDA functionality have strong potential for the 

removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Comparing the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) on 

adsorbent microspheres, it is noted that the porous adsorbent microspheres have higher adsorption 

capacity than those of non-porous adsorbents. 

Keywords: chelating resin, glycidyl methacrylate, metal removal, porous 


1. Bayramoğlu, G.; Arica, M. Y. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2005, 45, 192-199. 

2. Liu, C.; Bai, R.; Hong, L. J. Colloid Inter. Sci., 2006, 303, 99-108. 

3. Uysal, M.; Ar, I. J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 149, 482-491. 

Wiphawadee Thongnak (วิภาวดี ทองนาค) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Functional polymer

S3-P95 

Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable 

PLA/starch Blends 

Sasiprapa Naraphan and Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 


Chonburi, 20131, Thailand. 


Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer. This polymer exhibits good barrier, permeability 

and mechanical properties. The main hindrances to its widespread use are low deformation at break 

and high production cost [1-2]. In this research, modification of PLA was done by plasticization of 

semi-crystalline PLA with poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, to improve the deformation properties. The 

plasticized PLAs were blended with cassava starch to reduce total raw material cost and enhance their 

degradability. 

Methods 

The plasticization of PLA and PLA-starch compounds were prepared by twin screw extruder. 

Forming of these compounds was accomplished by injection molding technique. The effects of PEG, 

starch contents (20 and 30 phr) and coupling agent on physical, mechanical and degradation 

properties of the PLA blends were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), 

melt flow index (MFI), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal aging and biodegradation. 

Results 

It was found from DSC thermograms and MFI that plasticization of PLA was achieved by 

addition of PEG. The PLA/starch blends showed a decrease in the tensile strength at break, however 

the elongation at break was significantly improved. Maleated functionalized coupling agent could be 

used to improve the deformation at break of the blends. The mechanical properties of plasticized PLA 

and PLA/starch blends were strongly affected by thermal aging test, while the properties of PLA were 

almost unchanged. 

Table 1. Properties of the PLA and plasticized PLA/starch blends 

Sample* T m MFI TS EB Aging (70°C/3weeks) 

(°C) (g/10min) (N/mm 2 ) (%) TS (N/mm 2 ) EB (%) 

PLA 152 5.9 68.6 7.5 69.9 7.8 

PLA/10PEG 148 16.4 54.4 15.3 11.7 3.3 

PLA/10PEG/20S 148 34.3 34.3 19.4 9.3 2.4 

PLA/10PEG/30S 148 31.7 32.4 16.7 10.4 3.3 

PLA/10PEG/20S/C 148 31.1 31.9 63.3 29.4 5.5 

PLA/10PEG/30S/C 148 29.5 26.9 67.5 23.9 4.0 

*S = starch, C = coupling agent. The numbers indicate the amount of each component in phr unit. 

Conclusion 

PLA is a promising biodegradable polymer, however its applications were limited by the inherent 

brittle behavior and price. These hindrances could be reduced by blending PLA with plasticizer and 

renewable starch. 

Keywords: biodegradable, polylactide, starch, polymer blends 


1. Huneault, M. A.; Li, H. Polymer, 2006, 48, 270-280. 

2. Wang, N. ; Yu, J. ; Chang, P. R. ; Ma, X. Carbohyd. Polym., 2009, 71, 109-118. 

Sasiprapa Naraphan (ศศิประภา นราพันธ) M.Sc. Student 

b 1985 in Nakhon Ratchaseema, Thailand 

Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand, Polymer, B.Eng. 2008 

Research field: biodegradation and polymer blend.

S3-P96 

Surface Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticle with External 

Stimuli-responsive Polymer via ATRP and Click Reaction 

Pawinee Theamdee and Metha Rutnakornpituk 




Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) is an important and challenging step for 

controlling chemical composition and function of the polymer on its surface. Atom transfer radical 

polymerization (ATRP) has recently become a good choice for coating organic polymeric shell to 

MNP core [1] because narrow molecular weight distribution of polymers was obtained. Moreover, 

1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, one of the popular ‘click’ reaction between azide and alkyne 

functional groups, has been demonstrated to be a versatile tool in organic, material and polymer 

syntheses [2]. 

In this work, we have adopted ATRP and Click reaction to modify MNP surface with an external 

stimuli responsive polymer. One of the most interesting “sensitive” polymer is N-isopropylacryamide 

(NIPAAM), a thermoresponsive, biocompatible and water soluble polymer. Because of these unique 

properties, PNIPAAm has been widely used in the synthesis of stimuli-responsive materials [3]. 

Methods 

The overall of this work was divided into two parts: 1) azide-modified surface of MNP and 2) 

alkyne-terminated PNIPAAm. First, MNP were prepared via thermal decomposition reaction of 

Fe(acac) 3 , and then surface coated with oleic acid and (3-chloropropyl) triethoxysilane (CPTES). The 

Cl groups at chain ends of CPTES-modified MNP were changed to an azide end group. In a separate 

aliquot, the initiator for ATRP was synthesized from the coupling reaction between α- 

bromoisobutyric acid (BIBB) and propargyl alcohol. The coupling product was then used as an 

initiator for ATRP of NIPAAm monomer to obtain alkyne-terminated PNIPAAm. Finally, the alkynefunctionalized 

NIPAAm was click coupled to the as-synthesized azide-modified surface of MNP. 

Results 

FTIR of azide-modified MNP showed a very strong absorbance at 2110 cm -1 of azide. The signal 

at 578 cm -1 corresponding to Fe-O bonds in MNPs was also observed. In the ATRP of PNIPAAm, the 

first-order reaction at initial stage of the reaction was observed. 

Conclusion 

The detailed studies of the “grafting-onto” of the alkyne-terminated PNIPAAm to azide-modified 

MNP are under investigation and will be reported in the future. It is hoped that these hybrid particles 

can attracted at great attention in the biomedical field as a stimulus-sensitive material. 

Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, ATRP, click reaction, NIPAAm 


1. Zhoua, Y.; Wang, S.; Ding, B.; Yang, Z. Chem. Eng. J., 2008, 138, 578-585. 

2. Ranjan, R.; Brittain, W. J. Macromolecules, 2007, 40, 6217-6223. 

3. Xu, F. J.; Zhong, S. P.; Yung, L. Y. L.; Kang, E. T.; Neoh, K. G. Biomacromolecules, 2004, 5, 2392-2403. 

Pawinee Theamdee (ภาวิณี เทียมดี) Ph.D. Student 



Naresuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: nanoparticle and polymer synthesis

S3-P97 

Polysiloxane-poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate 

Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Prepared via Atom Transfer Radical 

Polymerization 

Bandit Thong-On and Metha Rutnakornpituk 


Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand, Tel. +66 55 96 3464, Fax. +66 55 96 3401 


Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of a controlled radical polymerization 

method. ATRP has been applied for the polymerization of homo- and block copolymers because of a 

good control in their molecular weight and polydispersity. It can be used in a wide range of functional 

monomers such as styrene, (meth)acrylates and (meth)acrylamides [1,2]. 

Methods 

In this work, amphiphilic triblock copolymer of polysiloxane central block and poly(ethylene 

glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) tail blocks were prepared via the combination of cationic 

ring-opening polymerization and ATRP. Polysiloxane central block was first prepared via acidcatalyzed 

ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) and 

tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 H). The polysiloxane was then functionalized with dialkyl bromide 

functional groups at both terminals and used as macroinitiator for ATRP of PEGMA. 1:1 Molar ratio 

of D 4 :D 4 H was used in the ring-opening reaction in acidic condition and using dihydroxypropyl 

tetramethyl disiloxane as an end capping agent and to control its molecular weight. The product was 

then reacted with 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyl bromide (BIBB) to form polysiloxane macroinitiator 

(PDMS-Br) for ATRP of PEGMA monomer. 

Results 

The molecular weights of the polysiloxane central block determined by end group analysis from 

1 H NMR spectra was about 2,100 g/mol with 19 units of poly(dimethyl siloxane) and 14 units of 

poly(hydromethyl siloxane). The 1 H NMR signal at 2.0 ppm of PDMS-Br corresponding to methyl 

protons of its terminal indicated the formation of telechelic polysiloxane with ATRP initiator. It was 

then used as a macroinitiator for ATRP of hydrophilic PEGMA. According to 1 H NMR, the rate of the 

reaction followed the first-order relationship during first 90 minutes of ATRP. 

Conclusion 

The deviation from linearity of its first-order plot was observed when the reaction was prolonged 

probably due to the decrease of monomer concentration, resulting in recombination of active radicals. 

FTIR also indicated the formation of amphiphilic block copolymer due to the existence of siloxane 

functional groups and PEGMA in the structure. 

Keywords: polysiloxane, poly(ehtylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMA), amphiphilic block 

copolymer, atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP). 


1. Kurjata, J. J. Chojnowski, Polymer, 2004, 45, 6111-6121. 

2. Zheng-Hong, L.; Teng-Yun, H, Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2008, 68, 931-942. 

Bandit Thong-On (บัณฑิต ทองออน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Kamphaengphet, Thailand 

Naresurn University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: polymer

S3-P98 

Sorbitol Derivatives for Using as a Nucleating Agent and Their Effect 

on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber 

Thanita Sutthatang, Uthai Wichai and Supatra Wangsoub 


Phitsanulok 10400, Thailand. Tel. +66 55 96 3433, Fax. +66 55 96 3401 


1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) derived from the sugar alcohol D-sorbitol is known as a 

gelator in cosmetic applications. It can self-organize to form a 3D network, in a variety of organic 

solvents and polymers, to produce organogels. Due to the DBS consist of light atom, it could not be 

observed in more detail under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron 

microscope (SEM) techniques. 

In this study, the sorbitol derivatives will be synthesized by addition of the halogen atom into 

molecule of DBS. Due to its high electron density, it can endure the electron beam of electron 

microscope, consequently, the fibril network could be clearly observed. The sorbitol derivatives will 

be studied as a nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and their effect on mechanical 

properties and morphology of iPP fiber. 

Methods 

The sorbitol derivatives were prepared by acid catalysts reaction of D-sorbitol with an aromatic 

aldehyde (ie.chloro and bromo-benzaldehyde) in cyclohexane. Then iPP and sorbitol derivatives were 

melt blended by using two roll mills and made into fiber by extrusion technique. The crystallization 

temperature of neat iPP and iPP containing sorbitol derivatives were observed by DSC technique. 

After that mechanical properties of neat iPP fiber and iPP fiber containing sorbitol derivatives were 

investigated by using tensile tester. 

Results 

The melting temperature of derivative themselves obtained from DSC technique and melting 

apparatus. It was found that the melting temperature of p-Br-DBS and p-Cl-DBS are higher than that 

of the other substitution. Furthermore the addition of 0.5% wt of p-Cl-DBS increase the crystallization 

temperature of iPP. The ortho and para-Cl- DBS show more effective in term of increasing the 

crystallization temperature of iPP. The mechanical properties of neat iPP fiber and iPP fiber 

containing different amount of p-Cl-DBS reveal that adding 1 wt % of p-Cl-DBS increase the elastic 

modulus by 46%. While the tensile strength and percentage of elongation of iPP fiber containing 

different amount of p-Cl-DBS were not much different from the neat iPP fiber. 

Conclusion 

Sorbitol derivatives can act as nucleating agent for iPP. The crystallization temperature of iPP 

increase to 18 C compared to neat iPP for 0.5 %wt of p-Cl-DBS. The elastic modulus of neat iPP can 

be increased up to 46% when 1 %wt of p-Cl-DBS added. 

Keywords: sorbitol derivatives, crystallization temperature 


1. Mercurio, D. J.; Spontak, R. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2001, 105, 2091-2098. 

2. Lipp, J.; Shuster, M.; Feldman, G.; Cohen, Y. Macromolecules, 2008, 41, 136-140. 

Thanita Sutthatang (ธนิตา สุทธะตั้ง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Polymer

S3-P99 

Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted 

Carboxymethyl Chitosan 

Nantharak Rodkate and Metha Rutnakornpituk 




Hydrogel materials having responses to environmental stimuli such as pH, temperature, light and 

magnetic filed, have attracted a great attention to many researchers in a wide variety of applications 

[1]. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is one of the most well-known temperature sensitive 

polymer, exhibiting a low critical solution temperature (LCST) at 32°C [2]. Below this temperature 

the hydrogel is swollen, hydrated and hydrophilic. When the temperature is above the LCST, the 

hydrogel shrinks and forms a collapsed, dehydrated and hydrophobic state. Grafting PNIPAAm to 

carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) is thus attracted our attention in the current work. CMC, water soluble 

derivative of chitosan, possesses favorable biological properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxic 

and biodegradability. In addition, it also exhibits an excellent water swellability. In the present work, 

we have thus focused on preparing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm)-grafted 

carboxymethylchitosan (CMC) and studied the dependence of temperature on various properties, such 

as water swelling, particle size and hydrodynamic diameter. 

Methods 

CMC was synthesized from the reaction of chitosan oligomer from crab (MW 1.4x10 5 g/mol, 

degree of deacetylation 98%) with monochloroacetic acid. The as-prepared CMC was well soluble in 

water and characterized via 1 H NMR and FTIR. In our preliminary work, atom transfer radical 

polymerization (ATRP) was first performed to chemically graft PNIPAAm onto CMC structure. CMC 

grafted with an ATRP initiator (CMC-BIBB) was first prepared from the coupling reaction between 

CMC and 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. ATRP was performed in CuBr(I)/Me 6 TREN catalytic complex 

in water at room temperature. 


From our preliminary results, 1 H NMR and FTIR indicated the formation of ATRP initiatorgrafted 

CMC (CMC-BIBB). From 1 H NMR spectra, when the polymerization time was increased, 

percent conversion and graft content (%G) were increased from 0 to 68% and 0 to 30%, respectively. 

indicating the progress of the ATRP reaction of PNIPAAm from CMC chains. Optimization of the 

reaction is warranted for further studies. 

Keywords: carboxymethylchitosan, PNIPAAm, hydrogels 


1. Han, J.; Wang, K.; Yang, D.; Nie, J. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2009, 44, 229-235. 

2. Patrizi, M. L.; Piantanida, G.; Coluzza, C.; Masci, G. Eur. Polym. J. 2009, 45, 2779-2787. 

Nantharak Rodkate (นันทรักษ รอดเกตุ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Phetchaboon, Thailand 


Naresurn University, Thailand, Industrial Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: polymer

S3-P100 

Synthesis of Polyelectrolyte-grafted Magnetite Nanoparticle 

Patcharin Kanhakeaw, Boonjira Rutnakornpituk, Uthai Wichai and Metha Rutnakornpituk 




Polymers containing ionizable groups in their backbone can from polyelectrolytes in an aqueous 

system. Depending on their nature, polyelectrolyte can respond to external stimuli, such as pH, ionic 

strength or temperature [1]. Recently, two main methods have been used for surface modification of 

particle, including the so-called “grafting from” and “grafting to” methods. 

In the present work, we focused on preparing PAA homopolymer and PAA/PEGMA copolymer 

polyelectrolyte coating on magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) via atom transfer radical polymerization 

(ATRP) using “grafting from” technique. The kinetics of polymerization and characterization of 

co- and homopolymer coated-MNP were also studied 

Methods 

A method to prepare magnetic nanoparticles with a covalently bonded PAA homopolymer and 

PAA/PEGMA copolymer polyelectrolyte by ATRP was reported. First, the initiator for ATRP was 

synthesized from the coupling reaction between triethoxysilane (APS) and 2-bromoisobutylryl 

bromide (BIBB). It was then coordinated on the oleic acid-coated MNP to obtain the particle with 

ATRP initiator on its surface. Then the surface-initiated ATRP of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (P(t-BA) 

homopolymer and P(t-BA)/PEGMA copolymer polyelectrolyte mediated by a copper complex was 

carried out. Finally, the t-butyl groups on the particle surface was deprotected in acidic dispersion to 

obtain carboxylic group on its surface. 

Results 

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the (co)polymer-coated MNP revealed the 

decrease of signals at 2929 cm -1 (CH-stretching), 1360 cm -1 and1390 cm -1 (CH-bending). Moreover, 

the carbonyl signal (1671 cm -1 ) was observed as a broad signal which is the characteristics of 

carboxylic acid of PAA. Ethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB) was used as a sacrificial initiator in the 

ATRP reaction to study the kinetics of the ATRP reactions via 1 H NMR. From the first order plot of 

homopolymer, it showed a linear relationship during the first 8 h of the reaction. In the case of the 

copolymerization, t-BA and PEGMA were consumed rapidly at the beginning period and slowly at 

the ending period during the copolymerization. Moreover, it was found that PEGMA would be 

consumed more quickly than P(t-BA) in the copolymerization. 

Conclusion 

MNPs coated with PAA homopolymer and PAA/PEGMA copolymer were successfully 

synthesized and well characterized. Kinetics studies of the ATRP reactions were also investigated. 

PEGMA in the copolymerization showed a rapid rate as compared to that of P(t-BA). It was 

envisioned that ATRP can be essentially applied for surface-initiated graft polymerization to obtain a 

well-packed polymer layer on the surface of MNP. 

Keywords: magnetic nanoparticle, polyelectrolyte, ATRP 


1. Mori, H.; Muller, A. H. E.; Klee, J. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 3712-3713. 

Patcharin Kanhakeaw (พัชรินทร กันหาเขียว) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Petchaboon, Thailand 


Research field: Polymer science

S3-P101 

Influences of Cassava Starch on the Mechanical Properties and 

Degradation Behavior of LDPE/impact Modifier Blends 

Sunan Wichitkhachee and Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 

Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha 

University,Chonburi, Thailand. 


Starch is a widely used polymer because of its renewable source and biodegradability [1]. One of 

its interesting applications seems to be the usage as filler in synthetic polymer. Starch is not only a 

low cost filler, but it is also provides biodegradation properties to the final products [2‐3]. 

Methods 

LDPE/starch blends were prepared by extrusion processing containing various amounts of starch, 

15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 phr. All formulations of these blends were modified with poly(ethylene-co-1- 

butene) as an impact modifier at 50% wt ratio of LDPE. A twin extruder equipped with six 

temperature controlling zones were used. The mixing temperature were set at the range from 90°C 

(feeding segment) to 150°C (die). The screw speed was maintained at 200 rpm for all runs. 

Results 

Incorporation of starch resulted in an increase in tensile strength of the samples. The tensile 

strengths at break of the 60 phr and the 75 phr starch-blends were 6.26 N/mm 2 and 9.17 N/mm 2 , 

respectively. After 40 days of outdoor degradation test, 18.4% and 30.5% losses of tensile strength 

were measured from the 15 phr and 75 phr starch-blends. Changing of the chemical structure due to 

the UV-sunlight oxidation was seen from FT-IR spectra at 1712 cm −1 indicating the carbonyl 

functional group. It was clear that the carbonyl index values were increased as the duration outdoor 

exposure was increased. 

Conclusion 

The starch-based polymer blends were prepared in order to produce the low production cost and 

partially degradable materials. The effects of cassava starch contents on the mechanical properties and 

degradation behavior of LDPE/impact modifier blends were investigated. The ternary blends gave 

environmentally degradable products with a range of mechanical properties depending on the ratio of 

starch in the blend. 

Keywords: cassava starch, LDPE/starch, blends, impact modifier, degradation. 


1. Abd El-Rehim, H. A.; El-Sayed Hegazy E. A.; Ali A. M.; Rabie A. M. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, Chem, 

2004, 163, 547-556. 

2. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, F. J; Ramsay, B. A.; Favis, B. D. Polym, 2003, 44, 1517-1526. 

3. Nakamura, E. M.; Cordi, L.; Almeida, G. S. G.; Duran, N.; Mei, L. H. I. J. Mater. Process Technol., 2005, 

162-163, 236-241. 

Sunan Wichitkhachee (สุนันท วิจิตขจี) M.Sc. Student 

b 1981 in Roi-Et, Thailand. 

Rajabhat Maha sarakham University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2004 

Research field: polymer degradation.

S3-P102 

The Depletion of the Lubricant Films After Being Heated by a Laser 

Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy 

Suttilak Suktanarak and Supranee Kaewpirom 




Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising recording technique that could increase 

areal storage densities by using a tiny laser light spot focuses onto a small region of the disk surface. 

A novel lubricant with good thermal stability must be developed and confirmed that such the lubricant 

film can resist laser irradiation without any damage. 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate 

(BL-104) was one of the interest ionic liquids for use as a lubricant due to its unique range of 

properties, such as excellent thermal stability, non-flammability, broad liquid range and a highly 

solvating capacity, for both polar and non-polar compounds. 

Methods 

The magnetic disks were coated with BL-104 lubricant films by a dip coating process. Surface 

roughness was measured using atomic force microscope (AFM). After heated by a laser at various 

durations, the outgas product produced from the depletion of lubricant films was analyzed using gas 

chromatography – mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 

Results 

Figure 1. GC chromatogram and mass spectra of the BL-104 outgas after laser radiation at 1 s. 

The depletion product had the retention time at 1.134 min. The mass spectra corresponded to the 

GC chromatogram have the following m/z values: m/z = 16 is H 2 N, m/z = 26 is CN, m/z = 28 is 

CH 2 N, m/z = 41 is C 2 H 3 N, m/z = 45 is C 2 H 2 F and m/z = 47 is C 2 H 4 F. 

Conclusion 

1. The averaged surface roughness value of BL-104 film was 1.25 nm. 

2. The fragment molecules were observed from the outgas as confirmed by GC-MS. 

3. The depletion of BL-104 occurred since the first second of laser heating. 

Keywords: Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) technique, lubricant film, dip coating 

process. 


1. Matsumoto, K.; Inomata, A.; Hasegawa, S.-Y. Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J., 2006, 42, 158-167. 

2. Zhu, L.; Li, F.; Chang, S. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2009, 70, 142-146. 

Suttilak Suktanarak (สุทธิลักษณ สุขทนารักษ) M.Sc. Student 


Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand, Polymer, B.Eng. 2008 

Research field: Material Sciences and Nanotechnology

S3-P103 

Magnetite Nanoparticles Stabilized with Polydimethylsiloxane Brush 

Siraprapa Meerod and Metha Rutnakornpituk 




Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) is one of the most popular nanomaterial known for its 

biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging , targeted drug delivery , gene delivery 

systems, and gene therapy as well as targeted hyperthermia of cancers. In all the above applications, 

it is preferable that MNPs are encapsulated with a polymer of interest in order to avoid its 

agglomeration for various biomedical applications [1]. The objective of this study is to synthesis of 

functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for use as polymeric surfactants of MNPs. 

Methods 

MNPs were synthesized via co-precipitation reaction between iron (III) and iron (II) in basic 

solution and coated with oleic acid to disperse the particle in toluene. In a separate aliquot, PDMS 

prepolymer was first prepared via a living anionic polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D 3 ) 

using n-butyl lithium as an initiator. The reaction was performed at room temperature in CH 2 Cl 2 for 

24 h. The reaction progress was followed via 1 H NMR and terminated with allyl glycidyl ether to 

obtain epoxy-terminated PDMS with the molecular weight of 2,010 g/mol. Aminopropyl 

triethoxysilane (APS) was subsequently reacted with the epoxy-terminated PDMS to form the 

triethoxysilane-terminated PDMS for effective coupling with surface of MNP. 

Results 

After hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with PDMS prepolymer (H-terminated PDMS), the 

product was characterized by 1 H NMR. The peaks at 2.6, 2.8, 3.1 ppm were assigned to the signals of 

epoxide groups at PDMS chain end. In addition, the spectrum of the Si–H peak at 4.7 ppm 

disappeared, indicating the occurrence of epoxy-terminated PDMS. After the reaction of the epoxideterminated 

PDMS with amino groups of APS, 1 H NMR and FTIR spectra indicated the formation of 

triethoxysilane-terminated PDMS from the absence of epoxide signals (2.8 and 3.1 ppm in 1 H NMR 

and 1,280 cm -1 in FTIR). After immobilization of the PDMS onto MNP surface, FTIR showed the 

characteristic absorption signals of both MNPs (582 cm -1 , Fe-O bond) and PDMS (1080-1013 cm -1 , 

Si-O stretching). 

Conclusion 

PDMS with an effective functional group for chemical conjugation onto MNP surface was 

prepared. Triethoxysilxane-terminated PDMS was synthesized through a living anionic ring-opening 

polymerization of D 3 monomer, followed by hydrosillylation and epoxide ring-opening reaction. It 

was successfully used as a hydrophobic steric stabilizer of magnetite nanoparticles. 

Keywords: magnetite nanoparticle, polydimethyl siloxane 


1. Babu, K.; Dhamodharan, R. I. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 2009, 4, 1090-1102. 

Siraprapa Meerod (ศิรประภา มีรอด) Ph.D. Student 



Naresuan University, Thailand, Industrail Chemistry, M.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Organic Polymer

S3-P104 

Effects of Chemical Linkers on Color Switching Behaviors and 

Fluorescence properties of Polydiacetylene Assemblies Prepared 

from Diamidodiacetylene Monomers 

Chanita Khanantong, a Sumrit Wacharasindhu, b Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt b and Rakchart Traiphol a 

a Laboratory of Advanced Polymers and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand. 

b Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok 10330, 

Thailand. 


To study effects of chemical linkers on color switching behaviors and fluorescence properties of 

polydiacetylene assemblies prepared from diamidodiacetylene monomers 

Methods 

Monomers were purified by dissolving in chloroform. The solvent was removed by heating at 60 

o C. A volume of demonized water was added to provide concentration of 0.5 mM. The suspensions 

were heated to 75-85 o C, followed by bate sonication for 90 minutes. Then solution was kept at 4 o C 

for overnight. The solution was irradiated with UV ling (254 nm) for 2 minutes and filtered through 

0.45 m cellulose acetate membrane to give blue solution. The thermochromic properties and 

fluorescence properties of the polydiacetylene assemblies are investigated by using UV-Visible 

spectrometer and Luminescence spectrometer. 

Results 

The variation of linkers affects both color transition temperature and the thermochromic 

reversibility. The color transition of polydiacetylene assembly constituting of phenyl linker occurs 

irreversibly at ~60 o C. The change from phenyl to ethyl linker results in reversible thermochromism 

with transition temperature at ~75 o C. Increasing length of alkyl linker causes slight increase of 

transition temperature to ~80 o C while the color reversibility remains. However, the use of 

hydrophilic ethylene oxide linker causes irreversible color transition at ~60 o C. The fluorescence 

properties of the polydiacetylene assemblies are investigated by using luminescent spectroscopy. The 

results show that phenyl and hydrophilic ethyleneoxide linker show fluorescence properties. 

Conclusion 

The modified structures of polydiacetylene assemblies by varying chemical structures of the 

linker between the diamide groups affect the thermochromic and fluorescent properties. 

Keywords: polydiacetylene, chemical linker, thermochromism 


1. Sumrit W.; Suriyakamon M.; Jasuma B.; Anupat P.; Chaiwat P. Macromolecules, 2010, 43, 716-724. 

2. Donghwan, S. and Jinsang, K. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2010, 20, 1397-1403. 

Chanita Khanantong (ชนิตา ขนันทอง) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Polymer Physic and Nanomaterial

S3-P105 

Improvement of Adhesion between High Density Polyethylene Fiber 

and Cementitious Matrix 

Thapanee Wongpredee and Taweechai Amornsukchai 




The cementitous materials are brittle with high compressive strength and low tensile strength and 

toughness. Polymeric fibers are increasingly used to reinforce cementitious matrix. The toughness of 

fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix increases over that of the unreinforced counterpart. The fiberreinforced 

cementitious matrix is effectively reinforced after the matrix has cracked. The fibers are 

bridging over the crack. The adhesion of fiber-matrix interface is important and this controls the 

mechanical properties of the composite. It is generally found that the adhesion of polymeric fiber and 

cement is poor. The aim of this research was to improve the adhesion between high density 

polyethylene fiber and cementitious matrix which is rather poor due to smooth surface of the fiber. In 

this study, filler was added to modify surface roughness of the fiber. 

Methods 

High density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as the matrix. Fillers were barium sulphate and 

calcium carbonate. Two average particle sizes barium sulphate were used. Composites were 

prepared in 70/30 wt% of HDPE/filler in an internal mixer and then the composite fibers were 

produced and drawn to different draw ratios by melt spinning method. Mechanical properties were 

determined by tensile test. Surface of fibers was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). 

The adhesion between fiber and cement was characterized by pullout test. Surface roughness of the 

fiber was evaluated with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). 

Results 

Composite can draw to form fiber. However, the maximum draw ratio of the composite fibers 

was lower than that of HDPE fiber. Composite fibers displayed lower tensile strength and modulus at 

1% strain than normal HDPE fibers of the same draw ratio. SEM photo showed that composite fibers 

had voided and bumpy surface. The composite fibers displayed higher pullout load than that of the 

normal HDPE fibers at all draw ratio. Among composite fibers, barium sulphate composite fibers 

showed higher pull out load than calcium carbonate composite fibers. 

Conclusion 

Filler can be used to increase surface roughness of fiber. Composite fibers showed improved 

adhesion to the cementitious matrix through interlocking mechanism. 

Keywords: cement, fiber reinforcement, polymeric fiber, bond strength, adhesion 


1. Singh, S.; Shukla, A.; Brown, R. Cem. Concr. Res, 2004, 34, 1919-1925. 

2. Peled, A.; Zaguri, E.; Marom, G. Composites Part A, 2008, 930-939. 

Thapanee Wongpredee (ฐาปณี วงศปรีดี) M.Sc. Student 


Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand, Engineering, B.Eng. 2006 

Research field: Polymeric fiber

S3-P106 

Rheological, Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Bound Rubber of 

NBR Filled with Precipitated Silica and TESPT 

Manuchet Nillawong a and Chakrit Sirisinha a,b 



b Research and Development Centre for Thai Rubber Industry (RDCTRI), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya 

Campus, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. 


Similar to other chemical reactions, coupling reaction between precipitated silica (PSi) and silane 

coupling agent requires appropriate temperature and time for completing reaction. Therefore, the 

present work aims to focus on influences of mixing conditions on a development of bound rubber 

(BR) and rheological properties as indications of NBR-PSi interaction. 

Methods 

Mixing of 100-phr NBR (JSR N230), 40-phr PSi (Tokusil 233) and Si-69 silane at 5% wt. of PSi 

was conducted at various mixing temperatures and times. 

The BR content, rheological properties, dynamic mechanical properties, and tensile properties 

were measured. 

Results 

NBR compounds with Si-69 exhibit an increase in BR content. Furthermore, rheological and 

dynamic mechanical results demonstrate enhancement in elastic contribution of NBR compounds and 

vulcanizates prepared at high temperature and/or long mixing time. At last, mechanical properties 

show that an increase in rubber-filler interaction (i.e., BR content) is responsible for an improvement 

in mechanical properties of vulcanizates. 

Conclusion 

Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of NBR filled with precipitated silica (PSi) are 

investigated. Results obtained demonstrate the importance of mixing conditions on a development of 

coupling reaction. The enhancement in such reaction is in good agreement with viscoelastic and 

mechanical properties. 

Keywords: nitrile rubber, silica, silane, bound rubber, mixing 


1. Hunsche, A. et al. KGK, 1997, 50, 881-889. 

2. Liu, X.; Zhao, S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2008, 108, 3038-3045. 

3. Reuvekamp, L. A. E. M.; ten Brinke, J. W.; van Swaaij, P. J.; Noordermeer, J. W. M. KGK, 2002, 55, 41-47. 

Manuchet Nillawong (มนุเชศวร นิลวงษ) Ph.D. Student 



Research field: silica, silane coupling agent

S3-P107 

Chitosan/Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Polymer Particles 

as Drug Delivery Carriers 

Natshisa Mahattanadul and Panya Sunintaboon 




Chitosan (CS) is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer. By its combination with 

poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), which is a synthetic hydrogel that possesses high mechanical 

strength and biocompatibility, it is possible to develop emulsifier-free CS/PHEMA core-shell particles as 

drug carriers. The work was divided into two parts; one was to determine the physiochemical properties of 

particles by varying the amount of the crosslinker (bisacrylamide, MBA), and the other was to incorporate 

salicylic acid (model drug), in order to show their capacity to act as pharmaceutical carriers. 

Methods 

The polymer particles were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization at 80 o C for two 

hours. The particles preparation was achieved by mixing chitosan solutions (1% w/v of chitosan in acetic 

acid 1%) with MBA at 0 to 0.1g and HEMA monomer initiated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide 

(TBHP). %conversion, TEM, size, zeta potential, water uptake, and FTIR of the CS/PHEMA particles 

were determined. To prepare salicylic acid stock solution (2 mg/mL), salicylic powder was dissolved in 

Milli Q water. 1 M NaOH was used to adjust the pH of the solution. The solution was then mixed with the 

particle latexes at 0.91% to 1.61% concentration. The stability was observed visually. 

Results 

At 0.01 and 0.03g MBA, the monomer conversions were 84% and 85%, respectively. As more MBA 

was added, the conversion decreased. It can be seen that all particles were spherical and the size was 

ranging from 0.98 to 1.0 m. Also, nearly no change in zeta potential was observed when increasing the 

amount of MBA. High positive zeta potential (75-84 mV) proved that high stability of the colloidal system 

was obtained. The increased in water uptake was clearly seen when the amount of MBA was the highest, 

and became steady after one hour. The data of FTIR illustrated the chemical components of CS/PHEMA 

particles. 

To incorporate salicylic acid to CS/PHEMA particles by electrostatic interaction, the pH of salicylic 

acid solution (2mg/mL, 6mL) was adjusted to pH 3.5, resulting in the dissociation of carboxylic to 

carboxylate groups. The CS/PHEMA concentrations were varied from 0.91% to 1.61%. It was found that, 

when mixed them together, precipitation was observed at all the CS/PHEMA concentration levels added. 

Conclusion 

The amount of a crosslinking agent, MBA was varied in order to examine the characteristic of the 

formed particles. Different characteristics of the particles were obtained with different amount of MBA 

used. By increasing the amount of MBA, water absorption ability increased. The precipitation between 

CS/PHEMA dispersion and salicylic acid (pH 3.5) indicated that these ratios were not suitable, and further 

investigation is required. 

Keywords: chitosan, salicylic acid, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), drug carrier. 


1. Boonsongrit Y.; Mitrevej A.; Mueller W. B., Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 2006, 62, 267-274. 

2. Hao Y. M.; Li K. Int. J. Pharmaceut., 2011, 403, 245-253. 

Natshisa Mahattanadul (ณัฏฐชิสา มหัทธนาดุลย) M.Sc. Student 


Mahidol University International College, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: amine-functionalized polymer, colloids, and drug carriers

S3-P108 

Formulation Development for the Production of Packaging Film from 

Poly(L-lactide) Modified with Cellulose Acetate Butyrate 

Pimpanitpa Kunthadong, a,b Robert Molloy, a,c Thanawadee Leejarkpai d and Winita Punyodom a,b 





c Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

d National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Patumtanee 12121, Thailand. 


Poly(L-lactide) (PLL) is one of the most promising biodegradable plastics because of its excellent 

biodegradability, optical and physical properties and easy modification capability when blends with 

other polymers. In order to improve the mechanical properties of PLL, in particular its flexibility and 

toughness, the PLL has been blended with cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and a polymeric 

plasticizer for potential use as biodegradable packaging materials. 

Methods 

Blends of PLL and CAB in the forms of thin films were prepared both solution and melt blending. 

The thermal and mechanical properties of the PLL/CAB blends of various compositions both without 

and with plasticizers (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG and polyester adipate, PG40) were investigated by 

differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile mechanical testing. The biodegradability of PLL, 

CAB and three-component blends was also investigated in real composting conditions. 

Results 

From DSC results suggest that blends of PLL, CAB and plasticizers are partially compatible in 

the amorphous phase. The addition of plasticizers to the PLL/CAB system reduced the glass transition 

temperature (T g ), increased the elongation at break of the PLL/CAB system. Moreover, the 

biodegradability of PLL/CAB/plasticizer depended on CAB contents and type of plasticizers used. 

Conclusion 

The PLL/CAB/plasticizer three-component blends were developed which are compatible, 

improve mechanical properties and biodegradable when the PLL content is more than 70%, CAB less 

than 30% and plasticizer less than 20%. 

Keywords: three-component blends, poly(L-lactide), cellulose acetate butyrate, plasticizers, properties 


1. Naitave, M. H. Plastics Technology, 1995, 3, 17. 

2. Martin, O.; Avérous, L. Polymer, 2001, 42, 6209-6219. 

Pimpanitpa Kunthadong (พิมภนิจภา กันทาดง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1982 in Lamphun, Thailand 




S3-P109 

Preparation of Plai Oil Nanoemulsion Using Chitosan-SDS Complex 

as an Emulsifying Agent 

Kunyaporn Pumduang and Panya Sunintaboon 




Plai oil is the essential oil, which can be extracted and distilled from rhizome of Plai. It is widely 

used in folklore remedies. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial anti-oxidative, antihistaminic 

activity and smooth muscle relaxant. However, It is a volatile substance, and unstable at 

high temperature. In addition, it has a low water solubility that could limit its bioavailability. 

Therefore, this research focused on the preparation of Plai oil-loaded nanoemulsion, using Chitosan- 

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (CS-SDS) complex as stabilizer in order to improve these limitations. 

Methods 

The CS-SDS-stabilized plai oil nanoemulsions were prepared by oil-in-water emulsification using 

CS, SDS, Plai oil and 1% acetic acid solution. The ingredient mixtures were ultrasonicated at 70% 

amplitude for 5 min. The obtained emulsions were characterized by Transmission electron 

microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) 

and zeta-potentiometry (zetasizer). 

Results 

The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) value of CS-SDS complex was found to be at 1×10 - 

3 

M of SDS, and at 50, 100, and 150 ppm of CS. When the concentration of SDS was higher, 5×10 -3 

M, stable nanoemulsions were formed. At this point (5×10 -3 M), the particle size decreased while the 

increase in zeta potential was observed for all CS concentrations. However, the increase in both 

particle size and zeta potential were obtained when the amount of Plai oil increased. The morphology 

of CS-SDS-stabilized Plai oil nanoemulsion was spherical in shape as showed by TEM. FTIR spectra 

were obtained to confirm the characteristic functional groups of all ingredients composed in 

nanoemulsions. The Plai oil-loaded nanoemulsion showed good long-term stability, and the unchange 

in particle size was observed under the storage at 4 °C, for 35 days. 

Conclusion 

The CS-SDS complex is an effective stabilizer for encapsulating Plai oil. The good stability and 

nanometer particle size could be observed when concentration of SDS was 5×10 -3 M. From the TEM 

results, a spherical shape of the particles was determined. 

Keywords: Plai oil, chitosan-SDS complex, essential oil, nanoemulsion 


1. Pithayanukul, P.; Tubprasert,J.; Wuthi-Udomlert, M. Wiley Interscience, 2007, 21, 164-169. 

2. Lertsutthiwong, P.; Rojsitthisak, P.; Nimmannit, U. Materials Sci. and Engineering, 2009, 29, 856-860. 

Kunyaporn Pumduang (กรรญาพร พุมดวง) M.Sc. Student 


Narasuan University, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2009 


S3-P110 

Synthesis of Quaternized Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery 

Application 

Dolphawan Tanwilai, a Wilai Noonpakdee, b Pongsopee Attasart c and Panya Sunintaboon a 



b Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

c Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand. 


N,N,N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a quaternized chtiosan derivative, has been developed to improve 

the poor aqueous solubility at the physiological environment. In the present study, we have attempted to 

synthesize the TMC and TMC-based core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), possessing TMC as the shell and 

PHEMA as the core for being potentially used as a gene delivery vector. 

Methods 

The TMC was synthesized by methylation of chitosan with iodomethane in the presence of NaOH. To 

synthesize TMC with tailorable the degree of quaternization (DQ), the amount of iodomethane and NaOH 

were varied in each reaction step and the obtained TMCs were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. 

Then, the TMCs were used to prepare the core-shell NPs of TMC-PHEMA by an emulsifier-free emulsion 

polymerization induced by TBHP. The synthesized NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, 

zeta-potentiometry, SEM and FT-IR. Finally, the TMCs and TMC-PHEMA NPs were mixed with dsRNA 

and the formed complexes were confirmed by electrophoresis on an agarose gel. 

Results 

The DQs of TMC, verified by 1 H NMR, were increased from 19% to 39% with increasing amount of 

iodomethane and NaOH. The percent conversions of TMC-PHEMA NPs were raised from 30% to 60% 

with increasing amount of TMC from 0.05 to 0.5 g. However, when the DQ of the TMC was increased at 

the same amount of TMC, the percent conversions of NPs were slightly decreased. The particle sizes of 

NPs, prepared from all TMCs with different DQs, were in the range of 322-515 nm. The zeta potential of 

TMC-PHEMA NPs displayed positive surface charges around 50-70 mV, indicating that the TMCs might 

be in the shell of NPs. The SEM images of the TMC-PHEMA NPs showed that the morphology of the NPs 

was spherical. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the composition of the grafting unit of these NPs. The results 

from gel electrophoresis illustrated that the complexes between dsRNA and TMC or TMC-PHEMA NPs 

could be completely formed. 

Conclusion 

The TMCs with controllable DQ were prepared by the addition of iodomethane and NaOH in each 

step of the methylation process. The TMCs with different DQs were used to synthesize the TMC-PHEMA 

core-shell NPs via emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization induced by TBHP. The positive charges 

confirmed that the TMC might be in the shell of NPs. The spherical shapes of NPs were confirmed by 

SEM images. The TMCs and TMC-PHEMA NPs could be applied as a gene delivery system because they 

can form complexes with dsRNA. 

Keywords: N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), core-shell nanoparticles 


1. Verheul, R. J.; Amidi, M.; Van der Wal, S.; Van Riet, E.; Jiskoot, W.; Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 3642-3649. 

2. Rúnarsson, Ö. V.; Holappa, J.; Jónsdóttir, S.; Steinsson, H.; Másson, M.; Carbohydr. Polym., 2008, 74, 

740-744. 

Dolphawan Tanwilai (ดลพวรรณ ตันวิลัย) M.Sc. Student 




S3-P111 

Adhesion Improvement of Natural Rubber/Carboxylated Nitrile 

Rubber (XNBR) Interface by Blending XNBR with Polychloroprene 

Surachai Siripat a and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 



b Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University, Putthamonthon 4 Rd, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. 


Natural rubber (NR) is an excellent material widely used for making various medical equipments, 

especially surgical gloves. Due to the absorption of contaminate as well as proteins, the coating of 

carboxylated nitrile-butadiene rubber (XNBR) on NR surface is performed instead of the use of 

donning powder on NR gloves. However, the difference of polarities between them leads to the poor 

adhesion. In this work, the adhesion was improved by using XNBR blended with polychloroprene 

(CR) for coating NR film as powder-free NR. The optimum condition was analyzed. 

Methods 

Polymer blending was prepared by adding 5-20 phr of CR compound or latex into XNBR 

compound or latex. The optimum time and temperature for gelation of NR film was investigated. The 

former was dipped into the prepared NR compound latex after immersing in coagulant and followed 

by coating with the polymer blending. In addition to surface morphology, the mechanical properties 

and the friction coefficient were also investigated. 

Results 

The NR film coated with the system of CR compound and XNBR latex blend showed the highest 

tensile strength. The SEM micrographs show that no fracture on the surface of the coated NR film 

after 500% stretching was observed, when the CR compound in the rubber blend was added up to 20 

phr. 

Conclusion 

The adhesion between NR and XNBR films can be improved by blending XNBR latex with CR 

compound. The optimum ratio of CR compound in the blend is 20 phr. 

Keywords: carboxylated nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, powder-free, natural rubber film, polymer 

coating 


1. Yon-Sing, T. Y.; Duanna, Z. US patent 6 391 409, May 21, 2002. 

2. George, B.; Family Yon-Siung, T.Y. US patent 6 195 805, Mar 6, 2001. 

Surachai Siripat (สุรชัย ศิริพัฒน) M.Sc. Student 

b 1975 in Nakonsithamarat, Thailand 

King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 1999 

Research field: polymer, rubber

S3-P112 

Modification of Natural Rubber to Improve Compatibility 

between Rubber and Filler Phases 

Duangruthai Srinun a and Jitladda Sakdapipanich b 



b Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Salaya campus, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. 


The most important consideration to achieve successful filled rubber article is an affinity between 

phases of fillers and rubber. Therefore, in order to improve the interaction, coupling agents and 

modifiers are used. In this study, natural rubber (NR) itself was modified by functionization of 

carbonyl group into the LNR chains via oxidative degradation. The carbonyl terminated LNR was 

applied as a potential modifier for improving the compatibility of carbon black and silica filled NR 

systems. 

Methods 

The structural characterization of the resulting LNR was analyzed by FT-IR and NMR techniques. 

Furthermore, in order to investigate the effect of LNR as a modifier in the filled rubber compounds, 

the rheological properties and bound rubber measurement were used to indicate the filler dispersion 

and interaction between rubber and fillers, respectively. Moreover, mechanical properties such as 

tensile strength, modulus and tear resistance of rubber compounds were also measured. 

Results 

The results show that bound rubber tends to enhance after the incorporation of LNR at low 

loading content indicating an increase of filler–rubber interaction. Moreover, viscosity of the 

compounds slightly increases and mechanical properties had been improved when LNR at low content 

was added. It has been demonstrated that a use of LNR containing carbonyl group at low loading can 

improve interaction between the fillers and NR. Nevertheless, at high loading content bound rubber, 

viscosity, and mechanical properties of the rubber compound decreased. 

Conclusion 

LNR containing carbonyl group was successfully prepared. Furthermore, it can act as 

compatibilizer in filled rubber compound which can improve interaction between fillers and rubber at 

low loading content; however, at high loading contents it does not act as compatibilizer but act as a 

plasticizer which causes the mobility of rubber chains increase. 

Keywords: low molecular weight natural rubber (LNR), modified natural rubber, filler-rubber interaction 


1. Jitladda, T.; Megumi, M.; Akiko, E.; Yasuyuki, T. Rubber Chem. Technol., 1998, 71,795-802. 

2. Rocha, T. L. A. C. et al., Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia., 2006, 16, 111-115, 

Duangruthai Srinun (ดวงฤทัย ศรีนุน) M.Sc. Student 


Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand, Polymer Science, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Natural rubber, Modification of natural rubber

S3-P113 

The Study of Functionalized Natural Rubber by 

UV Radiation as a Continuous Process 

Bongkot Kulajit a and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 

a Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 

Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b Insitute of Molecular Biosciences, Salaya campus, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. 


Generally, the functionalization of natural rubber (NR) latex was made in order to increase the 

functional group onto rubber chains. The functionalized NR was done by various methods, i.e., 

chemical, mechanical and photo method [1]. In previous work, Kum-ourm [2] has studied the 

preparation of Hydroxyl-Terminated NR (HTNR) latex by photo-chemical method. It was found that 

hydroxyl group occurred onto NR chain and the molecular weight of NR decreased and the so-called 

low molecular-weight NR or LNR was obtained. Even this method is an effective way, however the 

reaction is a batch with small volume and the reaction time was also long up to 5 h. Therefore, UV 

radiation continuous process (Photo radiation continuous process) is another interesting way for 

preparing functionalized NR latex. This is the origin of our attempt to a new methodology to conform 

the application and preparation of the functionalized NR. 

Methods 

Maleic anhydride (MA) and Irgacure 819-DW (Irgacure) were used as monomer and photoinitiator, 

respectively. Then, MA and Irgacure were added to saponified NR (SPNR) latex (5% DRC) 

with stirring until mixture was homogeneously. The latex mixture was flow under UV light about 10 

min. 

Results 

The UV chamber is suitable for preparing functionalized low-MW NR as a continuous process 

within 10 min. FTIR spectrum reveals absorption around 1720 cm -1 , which can be attributed to a 

carbonyl group of carboxylic acid [3]. The MW of functionalized SPNR was found to decrease from 

10 6 to 10 4 , while the gel content of SPNR as a control sample and functionalized SPNR was not 

different. 

Conclusion 

The functionalized low-MW NR could be continuously prepared efficiently by the UV radiation 

process. 

Keywords: hydroxyl terminated natural rubber, low molecular weight natural rubber, UV radiation 

continuous process 

References: 

1. Suksawad, P. M.Sc. Thesis in Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol 

University, 2006. 

2. Kum-Ourm, H. M.Sc. Thesis in Polymer Science and Technology, Faculty of Graduate Studies, 

Mahidol University, 2008. 

3. Saelao. J.; Phinyocheep, P. J. Appl. polym., 2005, 95, 28-38. 

Bongkot Kulajit (บงกช กุลจิตร) M.Sc. Student 

b 1987 in Mae hong son, Thailand 

Maejo University, Thailand, Material (Rubber industry), B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Natural rubber

S3-P114 

Nanostructure of Protein-lipid membrane of Natural Rubber Particle 

from Hevea Brasiliensis by Atomic Force Microscopy 

Ruttapoom Kalah a and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 



b Insitute of Molecular Bioscience, Salaya campus, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand. 


Natural rubber (NR) from Hevea Brasiliensis, mainly composed of isoprene units, C 5 H 8 , in the cis 

configuration, referred to as cis-1,4-polyisoprene, is an important source of natural rubber owing to 

high yields and excellent physical properties. It was reported that solid NR consists of about 94% 

rubber hydrocarbon and 6% non-rubber components such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, etc [1]. 

These non-rubber components have been considered to play an important role for bringing about 

outstanding properties of NR [2]. Numerous studies have proposed that both proteins and lipids exist 

as a complex membrane forming a double layer with the lipid part inside and the proteins on the 

outside of rubber particle. 

Thus, the aim of this work is an attempt to clarify the arrangement of phospholipids and proteins 

at the surface of rubber particles by AFM technique to image rubber particle morphology and to 

determine the mechanical performance by nanoindentation. 

Methods 

NR latex was obtained by tapping from Hevea rubber and collected in an ice-cooled cup. Fresh 

latex (FL-latex) was filtered with muslin cloth to remove some impurities, preserved by the addition 

of ammonia to make 0.6% v/v in latex. And NR film was obtained by dip coating NR latex on a clean 

glass substrate. 

Results 

From the AFM results, it can be proposed that NR particle is surrounded by complex membrane, 

which is not entirely covered like a bi-layer as proposed so far, but most likely as a complex 

mono-layer. 

Conclusion 

The surrounded biomembrane on NR particles was confirmed to be composed of proteins and 

lipids with amine functionalized molecules. The newly proposed model of NR particles was 

introduced. NR particles have been believed to be surrounded by a complex protein-lipid mono-layer 

membrane 

Keywords: natural rubber latex, film formation, atomic force microscopy 


1. Eng, A. H.; Tanaka, Y. Trends. Polym. Sci., 1993, 3, 493-513. 

2. Tarachiwin, L.; Sakdapipanich, J.; Tanaka, Y. Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 2005, 58(3), 115-122. 

Ruttapoom Kalah (รัฐภูมิ กาละ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Chemistry and Natural rubber

S3-P115 

Rheological Study for Predicting Molecular Characteristics of 

Polyethylene Melts 

Yodpradthana Samana a and Chakrit Sirisinha a,b 



b Research and Development Centre for Thai Rubber Industry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 

Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand. 


Polyethylene (PE) is one of polyolefin widely used in numerous applications including packaging film, 

fibres and moldings. In practice, there are various grades of PE commercially available in the market, and 

each grade differs from another mainly in terms of molecular architectures, such as molecular weight 

(MW) and its distribution (MWD), degree of branching. Rheological properties of PE are known to depend 

strongly on molecular characteristics, and the most widely used experimental technique is the melt flow 

index (MFI) measurement. This is because of its relatively simplicity, compared to a gel permeation 

chromatography (GPC) technique. However, in many cases, the use of MFI could not effectively detect the 

extent of long chain branching (LCB). It is therefore of interest to predict the degree of LCB in PE by the 

utilization of parallel plates rheometer. 

In this study, five grades of PEs having different molecular characteristics were measured for the 

viscoelastic response using a parallel plate rheometer. Test conditions were varied, and the results obtained 

reveal the superiority of data measured at low-shear region over those measured with high-shear regime 

using MFI. 

Methods 

Five grades of HDPE specimens were compression molded using a hydraulic hot-press at 190 o C. 

Rheological test was conducted with a parallel plate rheometer (Physica model MCR500, Germany) 

equipped with a 25-mm rotor. A frequency sweep test was performed at 190 ˚C with a frequency range of 

0.1-100 rad/s under a deformation strain of 1% (within the linear viscoelastic regime). 

Results 

Viscoelastic properties of HDPEs are strongly influenced by molecular characteristics. Particularly, 

high-MW HDPE (GA 3750) shows highest storage modulus. Additionally a relaxation process of 

high-MW HDPE at low frequency is slower than low-MW HDPE (N3260).This result is supported by the 

Cole-Cole plot. However, in the case of HDPEs with similar MFI value, the results at low-shear region 

reveal information on molecular characteristics more effectively than the classical MFI data. 

Conclusion 

Rheological behavior of 5 commercial grades of HDPEs with different MFI values was investigated. 

The rheological test modes were varied in order to monitor the discrepancies in molecular characteristics 

of those HDPE resins. The results show that the MFI results are insufficient for predicting the molecular 

characteristics of HDPE resins. Instead, the rheological results as measured at low-shear regime are more 

effective for such prediction, particularly the LCB degree. 

Keywords: polyethylene, rheology, molecular characteristics, branching, viscoelastic behavior 


1. Wei, X.; Collier, J. R.; Petrovan, S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 309-316. 

2. Su, F. H; Huang, H. X. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006, 2557-2565. 

Yodpradthana Samana (ยอดปรารถนา สมณะ) M.Sc. Student 


Maejo University, Thailand, Material Science, B.Sc. 2008 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Polymer Science and Technology, M.Sc. 2009-present 

Research field: polymer science

S3-P116 

A Study of Reinforcement in Fluoroelastomer (FKM) 

Supat Charoensilp, a Pongdhorn Saeoui b and Chakrit Sirisinha a,c 



b National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, 


c Rubber Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, 

Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand. 


Fluoroelastomers (FKMs) are highly fluorinated polymers, which possess excellent resistances to 

heat and oil. The FKMs were widely used in various products including o-rings, gaskets, oil seals and 

hoses in automobiles, aircraft and hydraulic machinery applications. The main aim of this work is to 

investigate the silica reinforcement mechanism in FKMs with and without silane coupling agent. The 

magnitude of polymer-filler interaction via bound rubber content is also of interest. 

Methods 

Mixing of FKMs with compounding ingredients including precipitated silica (PSi) and silane 

coupling agent (if any) was performed on a two-roll mill. Two silane coupling agents, namely, bis-(3- 

triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (Si-69) and 3-thiocyanatopropyl triethoxy silane (Si-264) were used 

at 7.5 %wt. of PSi. Viscoelastic properties of FKM compounds were measured by the Rubber Process 

Analyzer (RPA2000). 

Results 

Results of time sweep test at 100 º C in uncured FKMs with various PSi loading reveal the 

formation of pseudo-crosslinks or silica transient network. The magnitude of silica network (aka. 

Payne effect) is more pronounced with increasing PSi loading, and affected significantly by the silane 

treatment. The positive deviation of experimental relative modulus from the Guth-Gold one is 

observed particularly at high PSi loading. Such magnitude of deviation decreases remarkably with 

increasing deformation strain. The results imply the physical interaction between PSi and FKM rather 

than the chemical interaction. By surface treatment of PSi with silanes, the magnitude of positive 

deviation could be decreased significantly. 

Conclusion 

Referred to viscoelastic properties of FKMs compounds filled with PSi, the magnitude of PSi 

reinforcement in FKM matrix is caused mainly by the physical rather than chemical interactions 

between the FKM and PSi, which could be reduced by the surface treatment of PSi with silanes. With 

the addition of silane coupling agents, the viscoelacticity is altered significantly. 

Keywords: fluoroelastomer, viscoelastic properties, silica, silane coupling agent, reinforcement 


1. Sae-oui, P.; Sirisinha, C.; Thepsuwan, U.; Hatthapanit, K.; Eur. Polym. J., 2006, 42, 479-486. 

2. Phewphong, P.; Saeoui, P.; Sirisinha, C.; J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2008, 107, 2638-2645. 

Supat Charoensilp (สุพัฒน เจริญศิลป) M.Sc. Student 

b 1984 in Chachoengsao, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Polymer science and Technology, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: Rubber rheology

S3-P117 

Preparation of Polyethylene Porous Membrane 

Wisarin Nakwatchara and Taweechai Amornsakchai 




Nowadays, microporous polyolefin film has been used for variety of applications such as 

microporous filter, membrane and packaging. There are many techniques to produce microporous 

membrane such as phase inversion, track etching, sintering and stretching. In this study, we are 

interested in producing microporous film by stretching the mixture of high density polyethylene 

(HDPE) and inorganic filler film which is relatively simple. Upon stretching, pores will be created at 

the interface between the matrix and the filler particle. Effect of composition and stretching conditions 

on morphology will be reported. 

To prepare microporous film of high density polyethylene / CaCO 3 composite 

Methods 

Mixtures of high density polyethylene and 30, 40, 50 wt% CaCO 3 were prepared on two roll mill. 

Compressed sheet was stretched at strain rate of 100, 200, 300 % min -1 . After stretching, some are 

heat treated in order to modify the pore structure. The morphology of HDPE/CaCO 3 composite film 

was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties of film were 

characterized by tensile test. 

Results 

The SEM image shows that microporous film could be produced by stretching. When the strain 

rate is increased, the pore size increases and this leads to better interconnection between pores. After 

heating the stretched film, pore size become larger because of polymer shrinkage. 

Keywords: microporous, stretching, polyethylene membrane 


1. Kundu, P. P.; Choe, S., J. Macromol. Sci.-Pol. R., 2003, 43, 143-186. 

2. Zhang, S. S., J. Power Sources, 2007, 164, 351-364. 

Wisarin Nakwatchara (วิสรินทร นาควัชระ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Polymer Science, polyethylene, porous film

S3-P118 

Enhancement of NBR-CB Interaction by the Use of 

Functionalized Liquid Polybutadiene 

Kannika Hatthapanit, a,b Manuchet Nillawong, a Pongdhorn Saeoui, b Narongrit Sombatsompop c and 

Chakrit Sirisinha a 


Rama 6 Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

b National Metal and Materials Technology Center,114 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. 

c Polymer Processing and Flow (P-PROF) Group School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University 

of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand. 

Introduction and objectives 

NBR is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene having good resistance to hydrocarbon oil. 

However, NBR possesses no strain-induced crystallization under deformation leading to its relatively 

low strength, and therefore reinforcing fillers, such as carbon black (CB), are required. In theory, the 

interaction between rubber and carbon black is mainly Van der Waals force leading to molecular 

slippage of rubber molecules on CB surfaces particularly at high strain of deformation. The energy 

dissipation via viscous response by molecular slippage results in the generation of heat under cyclic 

deformation is so-called heat build-up (HBU) [1-2]. As a result, the present work aims to enhance 

CB-rubber interaction by the use of functionalized liquid polybutadiene (PB). Cure and viscoelastic 

properties of NBR compounds are monitored and discussed. 

Methods 

Two types of functionalized liquid polybutadiene (Krasol LBH2000 and Ricon 130MA8) having 

major differences in functional group were incorporated to CB (N330) filled NBR (JSR N230) 

compounds. Mixing was conducted on two-roll mill. Cure characteristics, and viscoelastic behaviours 

were measured using the Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA). The rubber-CB interaction was determined 

from the bound rubber content. 

Results 

The NBR-CB interaction could be enhanced by a certain amount of Ricon 130MA8 in NBR 

compounds containing curatives for sulfur vulcanization. However, none of liquid PBs yields 

improvement in NBR-CB interaction in the systems with peroxide. The Ricon 130MA8 exhibits 

greater magnitude of cure suppression phenomenon than the LBH2000. Furthermore, both liquid PBs 

influence NBR properties in the cured state more significantly than the uncured state. 

Conclusion 

The addition of Ricon 130MA8 could enhance NBR-CB interaction to some extent particularly in 

the systems with sulfur. 

Keywords: nitrile rubber, cure behavior, viscoelastic behavior, rubber-filler interaction, bound rubber 

Selected references: 

1. Byers, J. T. Rubber World, 1998, 218(6), 38-47. 

2. Studebaker, M. L. Rubber Chem. Technol., 1957, 30, 1400. 

Kannika Hatthapanit (กรรณิกา หัตถะปะนิตย) M.Sc. Student 

b 1976 in Udornthani, Thailand 

Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand, Polymer Engineering, B.Eng. 1999 

Research field: Rubber Engineering

S3-P119 

Preparation and Electrical Properties of PVA/CNT Films 

Amnuey Lertpuntawong and Taweechai Amornsakchai 




The major advantages of poly(vinyl alcohol) or (PVA) are high water solubility and good 

adhesion to various substrates. However, PVA is an insulator. There is a need for conductive coating 

in electrical applications which the metals can not be used such as in textile applications. To enable 

PVA conductive, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could be added into PVA matrix in order to obtain 

semi-conductor polymer. CNTs is a good choice due to high strength, high electrical conductivity, 

high aspect ratio, and low density. The very high aspect ratio suggests that the percolation threshold 

would be relatively low. In other words, very low amount of CNTs loading is required to render PVA 

conductive. Although, CNTs will, theoretically, give low percolation threshold but there is a problem 

of efficient dispersion of CNTs to be overcome. Since the CNT incorporation involves dispersion, 

stabilization is also importance. In this work, method to disperse multiwall carbon nanotube 

(MWCNT) in PVA solution and effect of stabilizer were studied in order to obtain conductive film 

from PVA/CNT. 

Methods 

MWCNT was dispersed in PVA solution with ultrasonication. The amount of MWCNT was 

varied in the range of 2.5–10%wt of PVA with 2.5-15 minutes of operation time. The PVA/MWCNT 

solution was dried under vacuum to provide solid PVA/MWCNT films. Surface resistivity of the film 

was measured with KEITHLEY source meter. 

Results 

PVA film has the surface resistivity of more than about 1x10 6 Ω/sq. Surface resistivity of 

PVA/MWCNT films produced were found to vary widely depending on the dispersion quality. For 

the best result, it was found that when 10%wt MWCNT was added, the surface resistivity decreased 

to a value of about 30-45 k/sq. However, the conductivity was also found to depend on the 

thickness of the film (about 10-20 µm). The resultant film can be said to be conductive as its surface 

resistivity (Ω/sq) is lower than the upper limit of 1x10 6 Ω/sq for conductive materials. 

Conclusion 

The good dispersion of MWCNT in the liquid media is very important and necessary before it can 

provide film with good electrical properties. With proper dispersion and stabilization methods, 

conductive PVA/MWCNT can be prepared at relatively low MWCNT loading. 

Keywords: multiwall carbon nanotube, conductive coating, surface resistivity 


1. Logakis, E.; Pandis, C.; Peoglos, V.; Pissis, P.; Pionteck, J.; Potschke, P.; Micusik, M.; Omastova, M. 

Polymer, 2009, 50, 5103-5111. 

2. Bong, S. S.; Wei, C.; Chris, D. Nano Letters, 2008, 8, 12, 4151-4157. 

Amnuey Lertpuntawong (อํานวย เลิศพันธวงศ) M.Sc. Student 



Research field : conductive polymers

S3-P120 

Preparation and Study of Polypropylene/Macca Charcoal Composite 

fibers 

Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor a and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 



b Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nahkonpathom 73170, Thailand. 


The macadamia nut shells from macadamia nuts produced are rarely degraded and become such a 

waste. An attempt to use of macadamia nut shell waste was investigated. The macca charcoal from 

macadamia nut shell waste is composed of high dense and porous, high specific surface area of micro 

hole structures, and being rich with natural minerals. The macca charcoal can generate Far-infrared 

radiation (FIR) which is a high-penetrating ray. FIR gently elevates the human body's surface 

temperature and metabolism because of its deep penetrating ability. Therefore, it is no doubt to apply 

macca charcoal into the fiber yarn like polypropylene (PP) to produce the fabric for practical, 

effective, and convenient uses. 

In this work, the preparation of polypropylene/macca charcoal composite fibers and mixing 

condition that optimize the performance of composite fibers are investigatesd. 

Methods 

PP/macca charcoal composite fibers were prepared at various macca charcoal content: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 

and 2% w/w in Haake internal mixer. Then, polypropylene/macca charcoal composite fibers were 

spun by a single screw extruder and drawn with different draw ratios by a heat stretching machine. 

The fracture surface morphology of composite fiber was studiesd by SEM. The mechanical properties 

of the composite fibers were measured by tensile tester. 

Results 

The SEM results demonstrated the agglomeration of macca charcoal in composite fibers that 

affected to reduce elongation property. The contents of macca charcoal are influence onto mechanical 

properties of composite fibers. In the same condition under high temperature, the composite fibers can 

be generating heat more than neat polypropylene fibers. 

Conclusion 

Polypropylene/macca charcoal composite fibers were fabricated. The tensile strength and tensile 

modulus of the composite fibers were improved due to the good interface interaction between matrix 

polypropylene and the macca charcoal. 

Keywords: Macca charcoal, polypropylene fibers, composite fiber 


1. Hamada, Y.; Teraoka, F.; Matsumoto, T.; Madachi, A.; Toki, F.; Uda, E.; Hase, R.; Takahashi, J.; 

Matsuura, N. Int. Congress Series, 2003, 1255, 339-341. 

2. Lou, C. W.; Lin, C. W.; Lei, C. H.; Su, K. H.; Hsu, C. H.; Liu, Z. H.; Lin, J. H. J. Materials Processing 

Technology, 2007, 192–193, 428-433. 

Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor (ชาติชาย สรฤทยางกูร) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: polypropylene fibers and macca charcoal

S3-P121 

Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable Nanoparticles of 

Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Blends for Drug Delivery 

Wichuda Nanthakasri, Mangkorn Srisa-ard and Yodthong Baimark 




Nanoparticles of amphiphilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-b- 

PDLL), MPEG-b-poly(-caprolactone) (MPEG-b-PCL) and MPEG-b-P(DLL-co-CL) have been 

prepared by the spontaneous emulsification diffusion method without any emulsifiers for use in 

controlled release drug delivery applications. Acetone/ethanol mixture was used as an organic solvent 

in this method. Drug release rate could be controlled with both each block length and DLL/CL ratio. 

In this study, influences of MPEG-b-PDLL/MPEG-b-PCL blended and acetone/ethanol ratios on 

nanoparticle characters and drug loading efficiency were determined. 

Methods 

The Blended nanoparticles with loading of ibuprofen, model drug were prepared by the 

emulsification diffusion method. Acetone/ethanol mixtures with 1/1 and 1/0 (v/v) ratios were used as 

the organic solvent. The nanoparticles with MPEG-b-PDLL/MPEG-b-PCL blended ratios of 1/0, 2/1, 

1/1, 1/2 and 0/1 (w/w) were investigated. Average particle sizes and morphology of nanoparticles 

were characterized by light-scattering and TEM techniques, respectively. Thermal properties and drug 

loading of nanoparticles were determined after centrifugation and freeze-drying by differential 

scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. 

Results 

All drug-loaded blended nanoparticles had nearly spherical in shape. The average particle sizes 

were approximately 100 nm. The results suggest that the copolymer blended ratio and the 

acetone/ethanol ratio did not affect significantly on the nanoparticle shape and size. The 1/0 and 0/1 

(w/w) MPEG-b-PDLL/MPEG-b-PCL blended nanoparticles were amorphous and semi-crystalline 

states, respectively. Melting temperatures and heats of melting of the blended nanoparticles increased 

steadily as increasing of MPEG-b-PCL ratio. Finally, drug loading efficiency increased when the 

acetone/ethanol ratio was changed from 1/1 to 1/0 (v/v). 

Conclusion 

Thermal transition properties of blended nanoparticles strongly depended upon their blended 

ratio. The drug loading efficiency decreased when ethanol was used as the co-solvent. 

Keywords: block copolymers, polymer blends, nanoparticles, drug delivery 


1. Baimark, Y.; Srisa-ard, M.; Threeprom, J.; Narkkong, N. Colloid Polym. Sci., 2007, 285, 1521-1525. 

2. Baimark, Y. J. Applied Sci., 2009, 9, 2287-2293. 

Wichuda Nanthakasri (วิชุดา นันทกาศรี) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Materials Science and Nanotechnology

S3-P122 

Effect of Silk Surface Modification Using Atmospheric Pressure 

Plasma Treatment on Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics 

of Lac Dyeing on Silk 

Kanlayanee Boonla, a Sunan Saikrasun a and Taweechai Amornsakchai b 

a Materials Science Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty 

of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150 Thailand. 

b Center for Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of 

Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 


Lac dye is widely used as a red dyestuff for cotton and silk dyeing but it has a limited usefulness in 

cotton or silk dyeing as it does not readily adsorb to cotton or silk. However, this natural dye has a limited 

usefulness in silk dyeing as it does not readily adsorb to dye silk. For the latter rout, the various types of 

mordants were used as surface modifiers to promote the binding of dyes to fabric by forming a chemical 

bridge from dye to fiber, enhancing the staining ability of a dye along with increasing its fastness 

properties. However, most of the mordants used are toxic and have serious detrimental effect on the 

environment. Therefore, an environmental friendly method of surface modification is required. 

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is a green technique for modifying the fibers surface to improve 

surface wettability and dyeing properties. The main objectives of the present work are to modify the silkfiber 

surfaces using atmospheric pressure plasma in order to enhance the dyeability of lac dye on the silk 

fibers. Effect of silk surface modifications on adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic of lac dyeing on silk 

is investigated. 

Methods 

The silk fibers obtained from village living in Khon Kaen province were washed in a soap solution 

with 0.1% (w/v) NaOH for the removal of sericin. The washed silks were treated continuously using an 

atmospheric pressure plasma apparatus with the voltage of 80 to 100 volts and the helium flow rates of 150 

and 200 ml/min. The silk fibers were fed at a speed of 500 cm/min using a feeding machine and the 

distance between the plasma source and the sample were fixed at 0.3 mm. The water wettability of treated 

and untreated silks was measured using a contact angle apparatus equipped with imaging analysis system. 

Results 

The higher roughness of the silk surface is obtained with modification using atmospheric pressure 

plasma treatment. No significant change in surface roughness of the treated silk fibers under treatment 

using various voltages and gas flow rates. The water wettability strongly depends on power of plasma 

treatment, gas flow rate and adsorption time. More rapid decrease in contact angle is found for the treated 

samples. The applied voltage of 90 V is the optimum plasma power to enhance the wettability of silk fiber. 

Conclusion 

The water wettability of silk surface was achieved by surface modification using atmospheric pressure 

plasma treatment. The gas flow rate of 150 ml/min and the voltage of 90 V was found as the optimum 

conditions for the plasma treatment of silk surface. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of lac 

dyeing on silk will be further investigated. 

Keywords: atmospheric pressure plasma, lac dye, silk, adsorption 


1. Chairat, M.; Rattanaphani, S.; Bremner, J. B.; Rattanaphani, V. Dyes and Pigments 2005, 64, 231-241. 

2. Suanpoot, P.; Kueseng, K.; Ortmann, S.; Kaufmann, R.; Umongno, C.; Nimmanpipug, P.; Boonyawan, 

D.; Vilaithong, T. Surface & Coatings Technology 2008, 202, 5543-5549. 

Kanlayanee Boonla (กัลยาณี บุญหลา) M.Sc. Student 

b 1986 in Nakhon Ratchasima , Thailand 

Rajamangala University of Technology Isan KKC, Thailand, Chemistry, B.Sc. 2008 

Research field: Materials Science

S3-P123 

Uniaxially Oriented Short PALF Reinforced PP Composites: 

Fibre Content and Mechanical Properties 

Nanthaya Kengkhetkit and Taweechai Amornsakchai 


Phuttamonton 4 Road, Salaya, Nakonpathom 73170, Thailand. 


Thailand is the world's largest pineapple producer. Pineapple leaves are abundantly available. 

The leaf contains a significant portion of excellent quality fibre known as pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). 

Oil crisis and global warming have driven every industry toward greener industry. The use of PALF 

as a reinforcement for polymer composite has economic and environmental benefits and could 

compete well with conventional materials used in many fields such as automotive, furniture, building 

and packaging industries. In this research short PALF is used to reinforce polypropylene (PP). Effect 

of fibre contents on mechanical properties in the longitudianal direction was investigated. 

Methods 

Isotactic PP was used as the polymer matrix. PALF, about 3-100 µm in diametre and 5 mm in 

length was used without any treatment as a reinforcement. PALF/PP composites containing 5, 10, 20 

and 30% w/w of PALF were prepared in two steps. PP and PALF were melt mixed on a two roll mill 

at a temperature of 185°C for 15 min. The mixture was taken out while keeping the fibres in the 

longitudinal direction to form prepreg. The prepreg was then compression moulded at a temperature 

of 195°C under a pressure of 500 psi for 5 min. The composites were subjected to tensile, flexural 

and impact measurements. 

Results 

All types of mechanical properties of PALF/PP composites increased with the increasing fibre 

content. The composite with 30%w/w PALF presented the highest valves of all mechanical 

properties. Tensile strength, tensile modulus at 1%strain, flexural strength, flexural modulus at 

1%strain and impact strength increased up to 57%, 128%, 87%, 147% and 63%, respectively, as 

compared with that of neat PP. 

Conclusion 

Short PALF, in its as-prepared, untreated form, can be used effectively to reinforce PP. 

Composites with significantly improved mechanical properties, especially tensile and impact 

strengths, were obtained. 

Keywords: natural fibre, pineapple leaf fibre, polypropylene composites 


1. Arib, R. M. N.; Sapuan, S. M.; Ahmad, M. M. H. M.; Paridah, M. T.; Zaman, H.M. D. K. Mater. Design, 

2006, 27, 391-396. 

2. Chattopadhyay, S. K.; Khandal, R. K.; Uppaluri, R.; Ghoshal, A. K. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2009, 113, 3750-3756. 

Nanthaya Kengkhetkit (นันทยา เกงเขตรกิจ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1978 in Uthai Thani, Thailand 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Industrial Chemistry, M.Sc. 2004 

Research field: Natural fibre composites

S3-P124 

Preparation of Injectable Polymeric Implants from Tri-component 

Copolymers of D,L-Lactide, Epsilon-caprolactone, and 

Poly(ethylene glycol) 

Wannarong Khamlao, a Suradej Hongeng b and Norased Nasongkla c 

a Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol 

University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand. 

b Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. 

c Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand. 


Biodegradable polymer implants have been widely investigated in many research and used in drug 

delivery systems. Polyesters are among the most common biodegradable polymers. Fore examples, 

poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) is a semi-crystalline polymer and high hydrophobicity. Melting 

temperature (T m ) and glass transition temperature (T g ) are approximately 60 °C and -60 °C, respectively. 

Moreover, PCL is very slow degradation rate which requires more than two years for degradation. 

Therefore, PCL is usually copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to improve hydrophilicity 1 . 

While poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) is an amorphous polymer and high degradation rate. Therefore, the 

objective of this study was to synthesize the randomized copolymer of CL, LA, and PEG for preparing the 

injectable polymer implants. Glycofurol was chosen as a pharmaceutically solvent as found for drug 

injection 2 . Trypan blue dye was used as the model of dugs for in vitro release study. 

Methods 

The copolymers made of PEG, D,L-lactide (LA), and epsilon-caprolactone (CL) were synthesized by 

Ring Opening Polymerization at 140 °C for 48 hours under argon. PEG and Tin(II)-ethylhexanoate 

(Sn(Oct) 2 ) were used as initiator and catalyst, respectively. The polymer product was characterized by 1 H- 

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). The polymer solution 

at 30 mg in 100 ul of glycofurol was injected to form polymer implants in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) 

pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The surface and degradation rate of implants were investigated by SEM (Scanning 

Electron Microscopy) and GPC, respectively. Polymer implants with 30% trypan blue loading of release 

profiles were studied in vitro. 

Results 

The ([poly(-caprolactone)-random-poly(D,L-lactide)]-block-poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-[poly (caprolactone)-random-poly(D,L-lactide)])(PLEC) 

was obtained with the ratios of CL to LA at 100:0 and 

80:20. Molecular weight was at 20 kDa and 50 kDa. The implant surface of PCL or PLECs with 0% LA 

contents had rough while PLECs with 20% LA contents were smooth as revealed by SEM. Furthermore, 

PLECs had degradation rate faster than PCL. The slow released of trypan blue was found at PLECs with 

20% LA contents and high molecular weight. While PCL had a burst released and following by slow 

release. 

Conclusion 

PLECs were successfully synthesized. PLEC with 20% LA content provided suitable release than 

those of PCL for using as the injectable drug delivery system. 

Keywords: biodegradable, injectable implants, characterization, D,L-lactide, ε-caprolactone. 


1. Cho, H.; An, J. Biomaterials. 2006, 27(4), 544-552. 

2. Boongird, A,; Nasongkla, N.; Hongeng, S.; Sukdawong, N.; Sa-Nguanruang, W.; Larbcharoensub, N. 

Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2011, 236(1), 77-83. 

Wannarong Khamlao (วรรณรงค คําเหลา) M.Sc. Student 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Nurse, B.S.N 2005 

Research field: Polymer science

S3-P125 

Versatile PLGA-PEG-PLGA Rods as Drug Delivery Systems 

for Cancer Chemotherapy 

Tararat Chanlen and Norased Nasongkla 

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineerin and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, 

Mahidol University, Bhuddhamonthon IV Rd, Nakhonphathom 73170, Thailand. 


The implantation of drugs in tumors is an effective route that can deliver drugs to specific target 

where the maximum dose of drug can be achieved in cancer cells. So the major objective is to 

fabricate the polymeric rods that can be completely released the anticancer drug (SN-38) within 2 

weeks and self-degradation within 2 months. 

Methods 

PLGA-PEG-PLGA copolymers are selected based on each component advantage. Glycolide, D,Llactide 

and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have excellent abilities including hydrophillicity, 

biocompatibility, low toxicity and biodegradable properties which are widely used in pharmaceutical 

and cosmetic application. The ratio of GA:LA is varied to adjust the polymer properties. 

Microparticles of these copolymers were mixed with SN-38 and fabricated in cylindrical shape (1.6 

mm in diameter, 10 mm in length) by compression heat molding. Then, the polymeric rod was 

observed in PBS solution at 37°C. The concentrations of SN-38 in PBS solution are measured by UVvisible 

spectroscopy. 

Results 

The release properties of PLGA-PEG-PLGA polymeric rod are compared in each ratio. The 

results showed that rods with 10 %w/w loading of SN-38 provided faster release than those of 

20-30%w/w loading. In other hand, the higher molecular weight PLGA-PEG-PLGA 50 kDa showed 

the faster release than 20kDa. It was found that using acidified SN-38 could increase the release rate 

at the early release time. 

Conclusion 

SN-38 was successfully encapsulated in polymeric rods. The release studies in PBS solution of 

the PLGA-PEG-PLGA rods showed the release profile as the zero-order release rate. The PLGA- 

PEG-PLGA polymeric rods will be applied for local treatment in in vivo system. 

Keywords: polymeric rod, drug delivery, SN-38 


1. Qian, F.; Szymanski, A.; Gao, J. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 2001, 55(4), 512-522. 

2. Qian, F.; Nasongkla, N.; Gao, J. J.Biomed. Mater. Res., 2002, 61(2), 203-211. 

Tararat Chanlen (ธารารัตน จันเลน) M.Sc. Student 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 2009 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Biomedical Engineering 

Research field: biomedical engineering, drug delivery, and polymer

S3-P126 

UV-induced Grafting of Poly(acrylic Acid) (PAA) onto 

Silica Nanoparticles 

Prapasinee Jirasukho and Sittipong Amnuaypanich 

Department of Chemistry and Center for innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 



To graft PAA onto silica nanoparticles using UV-induced graft polymerization 

Methods 

Silica was charged in a 100 mL round-bottom flask containing acetone/water (1:1) solution and 

the mixture was purged with nitrogen for 10 min. Benzophenone, FeCl 3·6H 2 O and acrylic acid (AA) 

monomer were then slowly added into the flask before it was placed under an UV source (400W 

mercury lamp with a wavelength range of 230–500 nm). UV irradiation was carried out for 15-30 

min. After photografting polymerization, the silica nanoparticles were washed with large amount of 

acetone/water solution to remove homopolymer and unreacted monomer. After that the grafted 

particles were dried in a vacuum oven at 70 ◦C to a constant weight. The resulting SiO 2 -g-PAA were 

then analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis 

(TGA). 

Results 

c 

d 

b 

a 

1717 

4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 

55 

Wavenumber(cm -1 ) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 

Weight(%) 

105 

100 

95 

90 

85 

80 

75 

70 

65 

60 

d 

c 

b 

a 

Fig. 1. FTIR spectra of the SiO 2 -g-PAA with UV-irradiation time 

of (a) 15min (b) 20 min, (c) 25 min and (d) 30 min 

Fig. 2. TG curves of the Temperature( SiO o 2 -g-PAA C) with UV- irradiation time 

of (a) 15min (b) 20 min, (c) 25 min and (d) 30 min 

The FT-IR spectra of SiO 2 -g-PAA when varying the UV irradiation time are shown in Fig. 1. 

The peak at 1717 cm −1 belongs to the carbonyl group (C=O) of PAA indicating a successful grafting 

of PAA onto the surface of SiO 2 via UV-induced graft polymerization. The amount of grafted-PAA 

was determined by TG as shown in Fig. 2. The weight losses from 200 to 700 C indicates that the 

amount of grafting were about 24-33 wt%. 

Conclusion 

Grafting of PAA on silica nano-particles was successful performed using UV-induced graft 

polymerization. The amount of grafted-PAA was increased as increasing the time of UV-irradiation. 

Keywords: silica, surface modification, AA, grafting, UV-induced, benzophenone 


1. Bayramgil, N. P. Polymer Degrad. Stab., 2008, 93, 1504-1509. 

2. Hu, M. X.; Yang, Q.; Xu, Z. K. J. Membr. Sci., 2006, 285, 196–205. 

Prapasinee Jirasukho (ประภาสินี จิระสุโข) M.Sc. Student 


Khon Kaen University, Thailand, Polymer Science, M.Sc. 2009 

Research field: Photografting, Surfce modification

S3-P127 

Properties Characterization of Silk Fibroin-Rice Starch Blend Film 

by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform 

Infrared Spectroscopy 

Anucha Racksanti, Surasak Watanesk and Ruangsri Watanesk 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 



Silk fiber consists mainly of two types of proteins namely fibroin and sericin. Silk fibroin (SF) 

possesses good properties such as being non-toxic, non-irritable, biocompatible, biodegradable and having 

excellent mechanical properties. However SF itself is brittle, but can be enhanced in its value focusing in 

medical, pharmaceutical, food industry applications. Rice starch (RS) is a natural polymer which consists 

of amylose and amylopectin. Moreover, RS is a biodegradable polymer with excellent biocompatibility, 

non-toxicity, inexpensive, abundant and edible [1,2]. The objective of this presentation is to characterize 

some physical properties of SF-RS blend film using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier 

transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in order to investigate its homogeneity and the linkage between 

SF and RS. 

Methods 

The SF solution was prepared from B. Mori silk waste at room temperature. The RS solution was 

prepared by thermal process at 60, 70 and 80 ºC, respectively for 30 min, then cooled down at room 

temperature. The SF solution was mixed with the RS solution with weight ratio of 1:1. A 20 ml of each 

SF, RS solution and SF-RS mixture were poured onto polyethylene dish, separately, dried overnight in the 

oven at 50 ºC. Then the films were immersed in ethanol for 30 min and dried overnight in the oven at 

50 ºC. The physical properties of the films were investigated using DSC and FT-IR. 

Results 

1. DSC curves of SF, RS and SF-RS films (heating rate 10 ºC/min) reveal that the SF film has the 

glass transition temperature (T g ) at 78 ºC whilst the T g of the RS and SF-RS films are not detectable due to 

amorphous structure of RS. 

2. FT-IR results after blending show that the SF-RS blend film exhibits a broad peak at about 3315 cm - 

1 . Comparing to the peaks at 3285 cm -1 of SF (NH stretching) and 3353 cm -1 of RS (OH stretching) films, 

this broad peak demonstrates the linkage of NH of SF and OH of RS films. The amides I, II and III peaks 

of SF-RS blend film at 1652, 1537 and 1242 cm -1 , respectively, reveal that the structure of SF-RS tends to 

be a random coil corresponding to SF film in ethanol. 

Conclusion 

The SF-RS blend film occurred through the linkage between NH of SF and OH of RS. The structure of 

the SF-RS blend film tends to be a random coil. 

Keywords: silk fibroin, rice starch, blend film 


1. Arari, T.; Freddi, G.; Innocenti, R.; Tsukada, M. J. App. Polym. Sci., 2004, 91, 2383-2390. 

2. Svihus, B.; Uhlen, A. K.; Harstad, O. M. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2005, 122, 303-320. 

Anucha Racksanti (อนุชา รักสันติ) Ph.D. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Industrial Chemistry, B.S. 1999 

Chiang Mai University, Chemistry, M.S. 2006 


S3-P128 

An Approach on Blending Silk Fibroin with Polymers for 

Eco-friendly Food Packaging Films 

Pusita Kuchaiyaphum, Winita Punyodom, Surasak Watanesk and Ruangsri Watanesk 

Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai 



Food packaging normally deals with the preservation and protection of foods and their raw 

materials, particularly from oxidative and microbial spoilage and also to extend their shelf-life 

characteristics. Polymer such as plastics has been used for common food packaging materials because 

of different reasons such as its good mechanical properties, good barrier, chemical resistance and low 

cost. However, most materials currently used for food packaging are non-degradable and generating 

environmental problems. Therefore, several biopolymers have been exploited to develop materials for 

eco-friendly food packaging. Silk fibroin (SF) is a type of protein, a natural polymer, created by 

silkworms in the production of silk. The advantages of the SF properties include its water 

absorbability, biocompatibility, microbial resistance, and good oxygen permeability. However, SF has 

some poor mechanical properties such as brittle and low tensile strength that can be improved by 

polymer blending. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate an approach on the preparation of SFpolymer 

blend films aiming to improve their properties to be eco-friendly food packaging films. 

Methods 

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were selected for blending with SF. 

Various SF blends in water were prepared by adding polymer solutions (using 1, 4-dioxan and water 

as solvent for PLA and PVA, respectively) into the silk aqueous solutions. The solutions were stirred 

at room temperature, then casting film by pouring the solutions into the mold and dried at room 

temperature for 48 h. Then the mechanical properties and homogeneity of the films were investigated 

by tensile testing and DSC technique. 

Results 

Although, PLA and PVA have good mechanical properties and biodegradable. However, the 

difference in polarity of PLA and SF causes SF-PLA films inhomogeneously blending. PVA-structure 

has polar group in the main chain that helps SF-PVA films more homogeneous, translucent than SF- 

PLA films. 

Conclusion 

The SF blend films were successfully prepared by blending with PVA, confirmed by its higher 

tensile strength and flexibility than SF and SF-PLA films. 

Keywords: polymer blend, silk fibroin, poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (lactic acid) (PLA) 


1. Mondal, M.; Trivedy, K. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2007, 5, 63-76. 

2. Chiellini, E.; Corti, A.; Antone, S.; Solaro R. Progress in Polymer Science, 2003, 28, 963-1014. 

Pusita Kuchaiyaphum (ภูษิตา คูชัยภูมิ) Ph.D. Student 

16 February 1982 in Udonthani, Thailand 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Chemistry, M.S. 2009 


S3-P129 

Adsorption Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Sodium Polyacrylate 

on Ceramic Glaze 

Apiradee Terdputtakun and Orn-anong Arquero 




In ceramic glazing process, one of the problems found in glaze suspension is the instability. This 

cause could provide some flaws in glazing product. To prevent such problem, it is necessary to 

produce a stable dispersion of the glaze mixture. The objectives of this research are to study the 

adsorption behavior of a low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate in ceramic glaze suspension and 

to investigate the dispersion stability of ceramic glaze due to sodium polyacrylate adsorption. 

Methods 

The ceramic glaze composed of limestone, feldspar, kaolin and quartz was size classified by 

sieving and mixed by dry ball milling. The factors such as time and polyelectrolyte concentration 

were studied by batch experiment that carried out by shaking a known amount of the ceramic glaze 

with 100 ml solutions of sodium polyacrylate of desired concentrations. The adsorbed amount of 

sodium polyacrylate on ceramic glaze was then determined. The stability of the ceramic glaze 

dispersions was evaluated by the turbidity of suspension. 

Results 

The adsorption rate of sodium polyacrylate was fast and no change was observed in the maximum 

adsorption after 1 hour. The adsorbed amount increased with increasing the sodium polyacrylate 

concentration. The adsorption data in the linearized form of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms gave 

satisfactory correlation coefficients for the concentration range 25 – 400 mg/L. The maximum 

adsorbed amount was 13.72 mg/g. Through the addition of a low molecular weight sodium 

polyacrylate, the stability of ceramic glaze suspension slightly increased compared to the case when 

no sodium polyacrylate was added. 

Conclusion 

A low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate adsorbed amount increased with increasing 

concentration. Adsorption of a low molecular weight sodium polyacrylate on ceramic glaze fit to both 

Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. In the presence of sodium polyacrylate, the dispersion 

of ceramic glaze became more stable. 

Keywords: ceramic glaze, polyelectrolytes, sodium polyacrylate, adsorption 


1. Chen, J.; He, T.; Wu, W.; Cao, D.; Yun, J.; Tan, C. K., Colloids surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 2004, 

232, 163-168. 

2. Panya, P.; Arquero, O.; Franks, G. V.; Wanless, E. J., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2004, 279, 23-35. 

3. Marco, P. and Llorens, J., Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects., 2005, 270-271, 291-295. 

4. Eygi, M.S.; Atesok, G., Ceram. Int., 2008, 34, 1903-1908. 

Apiradee Terdputtakun (อภิรดี เทิดพุทธคุณ) M. S. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biochemistry and Biochemical Technology, 

B. S. 2004 

Research field : Adsorption, Surface Chemistry

S3-P130 

Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber 

with Soft Nanomatrix Structure 

Ratchaniwan Sutthangkul b and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 



b Institute of Molecular Bioscience, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nahkonpathom 73170, Thailand. 


Natural rubber (NR) is well known to be a naturally occurring material, which has outstanding 

mechanical properties. However, NR is quite sensitive to weather due to the presence of the double 

bond on its chains. To extend its use, Kawahara [1] prepared hard nanomatrix structure through graft 

copolymerization of styrene onto the DPNR particle in latex stage. The results showed mechanical 

properties of NR were significantly enhanced by forming the nanomatrix structure. However, in this 

case, it was quite difficult to explain the reason why the properties were enhanced. In order to 

investigate the effect of nanomatrix structure, it is necessary to prepare NR with the soft nanomatrix. 

In the present work, an attempt to prepare NR with soft nanomatrix structure is made by graft 

copolymerization of BA onto DPNR particles (DPNR-graft-PBA) with TBHPO/TEPA as an initiator. 

Effects of monomer concentration on grafting efficiency of BA are investigated for the graftcopolymerization. 

The relationship between viscoelastic properties and morphology of NR with the 

soft nanomatrix structure was investigated in comparison with those of NR with the hard nanomatrix 

structure. 

Methods 

Graft copolymerization of DPNR [2] latex was carried out with BA as monomer using 

TBHPO/TEPA as an initiator. DPNR latex was charged with N 2 gas for 1 h at 30 o C and then 2 wt% 

SDS was added. The initiator of 6.6×10 -5 mol/g rubber and various BA concentrations were dropped 

to latex, respectively. The reaction was carried out by stirring the latex at 400 rpm for 2 h at 30 o C. The 

sample film was prepared by casting of reacted latex in a petri dish. 

Results 

Graft copolymerization of BA onto DPNR to formed soft nanomatrix structure was accomplished 

under condition employed. The highest conversion and grafting efficiency of BA were dependent on 

the feed of BA which was more than 90%, respectively, under a suitable condition of the graft 

copolymerization at 2.5 mol/kg rubber feed of BA. The rubber particle of about 0.5 µm in diameter 

was dispersed in PBA matrix of about 15 nm in thickness. Storage modulus and loss tangent of 

DPNR-graft-PBA were found to relate with the nanomatrix structure. The tensile strength and 

elongation at break decreased with an increase in monomer concentration. 

Conclusion 

The “nano-matrix structure” was proven to be a suitable structure to improve the viscoelastic 

property of rubbery material. 

Keywords: graft copolymer, natural rubber, soft nanomatrix structure 


1. Kawahara, S.; Kawazura, T.; Sawada. T.; Isono, Y. Polymer, 2003, 44, 4527-4531. 

2. Pukkate, N.; Kitai,Y.; Kawazura, T.; Sakdapipanich, J.; Kawahara, S. 2007, 43, 3208-3214. 

Ratchaniwan Sutthangkul (รัชนีวรรณ ศุทธางกรู) M.Sc. Student 


Prince of Songkhla University, Thailand, Polymer Science, B.Sc. 2008 

Mahidol University, Thailand, Polymer Science and Technology 

Research field: Natural rubber, Modification of natural rubber

S3-P131 

Preparation of Composite Macca charcoal/PET Fibers 

Wannita Lerdcheewanan, a Natee Srisawat c and Jitladda Sakdapipanich a,b 



b Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhonpathom 


c Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, 

Puthumthani, 12110, Thailand. 


Macca charcoal is a product from carbonization of waste macadamia nut shells. Because of 

characteristic of macca charcoal, addition of macca charcoal in fibers appeals our interest in many 

applications as functional fibers. 

In this present work, the preparation of composite macca charcoal/PET fibers was investigated by 

adding macca charcoal into the melt PET to improve the physical properties of PET as functional 

fibers. 

Methods 

Grinding and sieving process were used to produce a carbonized macca charcoal powder. The 20 

wt% of composite macca charcoal/PET masterbatch was prepared by twin-screw extruder. Then, 

masterbatch and pure PET chip were blended and spun into fibers at various proportions of macca 

charcoal concentration at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%. Physical, morphology, deodorization and thermal 

properties of macca charcoal and composite macca charcoal/PET fibers were also investigated. 

Results 

Microstructure, morphology, crystallization and melting behavior, deodorization, and thermal 

stability of macca charcoal and composite macca charcoal/PET fibers were analyzed by using OM, 

SEM, DSC, GC-MS, and TGA respectively. Micrographs of composite macca charcoal/PET fibers 

show that increasing macca charcoal content, agglomeration of charcoal clearly increased. Compare to 

neat PET, rate of crystallization and deodorization efficiency increased as increasing macca charcoal 

contents but macca charcoal was not affect to the thermal stability. It is suggesting that macca 

charcoal acts as nucleating agent. 

Conclusion 

Composite macca charcoal/PET fibers were prepared by melt blending and melt-spinning 

techniques. Compare to neat PET, the physical, thermal, and deodorization properties were improved 

when addition of macca charcoal in PET fibers. Macca charcoal is well dispersed in PET matrix. 

Keywords: Macca charcoal, poly(ethylene terephthalate), functional fibers, melt-spinning, GC-MS 


1. Asada, T.; Ishihara, S.; Yamane, T.; Toba, A. Journal of Health Science, 2002, 48, 473-479. 

2. Ta-Chung An, Chin-An Lin, Chang-Hsuan Chiu, Polymer-Plastics and Technology and Engineering, 2008, 

47, 895-901. 

Wannita Lerdcheewanan (วรรณิตา เลิศชีวานันท) M.Sc. Student 



Research field: Functional fibers, natural charcoal

S3-P132 

Study of Stability of PNA·DNA and PNA·PNA Duplexes Using 

Molecular Dynamics Simulations 

Watcharaporn Chaiyatoom, Chittima Loohpongspaisan and Khatcharin Siriwong 




Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are DNA analogues where nucleobases attached to an N-(2- 

aminoethyl) glycine backbone instead of the negatively charged deoxyribose phosphate backbone as 

in DNA. The experimental results showed that PNA·DNA duplexes is more stable than DNA·DNA 

duplexes. Most of the newly designed PNA analogues are based on the modification of the peptide 

backbone. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been proved to be a very powerful technique 

for the study of nucleic acids and anomalous structures of duplexes of DNA or PNA. Therefore, in 

this study our attempts are to investigate the stability of PNA using MD simulations. 

Method 

MD simulations of DNA·DNA, PNA·DNA and PNA·PNA duplexes in aqueous solution have 

been carried out for 10 ns. The binding free energy of the duplexes was then calculated using a 

molecular mechanics combined with Poisson-Boltzmann/surface area (MM-PBSA) method. The 

nucleic acids sequence used in this study is 5´-GTAGATCACT-3´ and the PNA backbone is 

pyrrolidinyl 2S-aminocyclopentane-1S-carboxylic acid. 

Results 

Structures of DNA·DNA, PNA·DNA and PNA·PNA duplexes were stable along the MD 

trajectories. The binding free energies obtained from MM-PBSA calculation are about –64, –63 and – 

33 kcal/mol for DNA·DNA, PNA·DNA and PNA·PNA, respectively. 

Conclusion 

The structures of duplexes were found to be stable along the simulation time. The stability of 

duplexes is as PNA· DNA > PNA·PNA > DNA·DNA. 

Keywords: molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy, pyrrolidinyl PNA. 


1. Siriwong, K.; Chuichay, P.; Saen-oon, S.; Suparpprom, C.; Vilaivan, T.; Hannongbua. S. Biochem. Biophys. 

Res. Commun., 2008, 372, 765–771. 

2. Srikanta S.; Nilsson L. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 619-631. 

3. Vilaivan, T.; Srisuwannaket, C. Org. Lett., 2006, 8, 1897–1900. 

Watcharaporn Chaiyatoom (วัชราภรณ ไชยทุม) M.Sc. Student 




S3-P133 

Computational Alanine Scanning and Binding Free Energy 

for Predicting Mutations of scFv Anti-p17 

Panthip Tue-ngeun, a Piyarat Nimmanpipug, a,b Chatchai Tayapiwatana c,d and Vannajan Sanghiran Lee a,b 

a Computational Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400 Thailand. 

c Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai 


d Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and 

Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 



The HIV matrix protein, p17, is of particular interest because of its multiple roles in HIV-1 replication 

cycle. The one type of genetically engineered antibody is single chain Fv fragment (scFv). Single chain variable 

fragment (scFv) is small engineered antibody in which variable heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) of 

antibody are connected by short polypeptide linker. It has been reported that antibodies to p17 epitopes are able 

to inhibit HIV replication and spreading. However, the low affinity with some strains has been observed and 

lead to our study for the new potential antibody. In this study, theoretical modeling and molecular dynamics 

simulations investigation of scFv against HIV-1 epitope at C-terminal on p17 (scFv anti-p17) has been 

performed to specify the key residues in the binding by binding free energy calculation and computational 

alanine scanning. 

Methods 

The antibody-antigen complex models were generated using molecular docking that predicted most 

favorable binding interaction [1] and molecular dynamics simulations in water have been performed. Then 

binding free energy using the molecular mechanics/poisson-boltzmann solvent area (MM/PBSA) method [2] 

between nine peptide epitopes and scFv anti-p17 in water were analyzed. Then, computational alanine scanning 

analysis [3] was used to investigate the interaction on the same set of snapshots by mutating residues in 

complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of scFv anti-p17 to alanine. Finally, the calculated binding free 

energy was compared with experimental data from competitive and indirect ELISA. 

Results 

The results of calculated binding free energy and alanine scanning analysis demonstrated the importance of 

the residues of scFv anti-p17 in the binding pocket which are ASP31, ASN35, TRP50, MET100, LYS101, 

SER103, TYR104, SER146, ASN153, LEU169, LYS172, ASP174, TRP208, GLN209, and LEU213. The point 

mutation has been selected at position 31. The calculated docking interaction energy between single mutation 

from aspartic acid 31 to glycine (D31G) and peptide sequence (DTGNNSQVSQNY) has shown the favorably 

interaction energy compared to wild type. The competitive and indirect ELISA have exhibited significantly 

different results. Competitive ELISA revealed the similar activity between original and mutated form (D31G) of 

scFv anti-p17 whereas in indirect ELISA, the mutated form can bind well with DTGNNSQVSQNY. These 

findings raise some concerns on correlation between theoretical and experimental results. 

Conclusion 

The identification of the key residues of scFv in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) from the 

computational alanine scanning and binding free energy calculation can be used in design the new potential 

scFv anti-p17. 

Keywords: p17, epitope, single chain Fv, alanine scanning, HIV-1 


1. Lee, V. S.; Tue-ngeun, P.; Nangola, S.; Kitidee, K.; Jitonnom, J.; Nimmanpipug, P.; Jiranusornkul, S.; 

Tayapiwatana, C. Mol. Imm., 2010, 47, 982-990. 

2. Massova, I.; Kollman, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 8133-8143. 

3. Kortemme, T.; Kim, D. E; Baker D. Sci. STKE, 2004, 219, l2. 

Panthip Tue-ngeun (พันธุทิพย ถือเงิน) Ph.D. Student 



Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Physical Chemistry, M.Sc. 2007 


S3-P134 

Molecular Simulation of HIV-1 p17 Epitope Adsorbed on Polystyrene 

Pakpoom Ta-intorn, a,b Vannajan Sanghiran Lee, b,c Chatchai Tayapiwatana, d,e and Piyarat Nimmanpipug b,c 

a Bioinformatics Research Laboratory (BiRL), Faculty of Science,Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Computational Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education,328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, 

Thailand. 

d Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai 

University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. 

e Biomedical Technology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and 

Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 



HIV-1 p17 is one of important protein involving in HIV-1 replication cycle. To investigate the 

inhibition of single chain Fv against the HIV-1 replication, several protein epitopes were designed to 

evaluate with ELISA test as discussed in previous study. In this research, models of HIV-1 p17 

peptide epitope and its derivatives binding to polystyrene surface was studied as ELISA model. 

Methods 

Three types of polystyrene structure (isotactic, atactic and syndiotactic polystyrene) were 

constructed and optimized by the steepest decent, the conjugate gradient and Newton method 

respectively. The binding structures of HIV-1 p.17 peptide epitope and its derivatives with 

polystyrene were simulated using molecular docking. The interaction between HIV-1 p.17 peptide 

epitope and its derivatives with polystyrene surface were studied using three different docking 

programs. 

Results 

Binding energy of HIV-1 p.17 peptide epitope and its derivatives (V128I and S125K) with 

polystyrene indicates best adsorption with isotactic polystyrene. Different docking results were 

compared in this work. Important role of Asp31 on the binding of p17 peptide epitope with 

polystyrene was revealed. 

Conclusion 

Regarding to the binding energy, Asp31of peptide epitope plays a crucial role in effective 

binding with polystyrene, considerate form the lowest binding energy. 

Keywords: binding energy, epitope, HIV-1, polystyrene 


1. Lee, V.S.; Tue-ngeun, P.; Nangola, S.; Kitidee, K.; Jitonnom, J.; Nimmanpipug, P.; Jiranusornkul, S.; 

Tayapiwatana, C. Mol. Imm., 2010, 47, 982–990. 

2. Moreira, I. S.; Fernandes, P. A.; Ramos, M.J. J. Comput. Chem., 2007, 28, 644-654. 

Pakpoom Ta-intorn (ภาคภูมิ ตาอินทร) M.Sc. Student 


Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biotechnology, B.Sc. 1994 

Research field: Beta carotene production

S3-P135 

Molecular Docking Studies of Peptide Based Inhibitors of an 

American Foulbrood Metalloprotease from Paenibacillus larvae 

Sasiprapa Krongdang, a,b Panuwan Chantawannakul, a Piyarat Nimmanpipug b,c and Vannajan Sanghiran Lee b,c 

a Division of Micrology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

b Computational Simulation and Modeling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in 

Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. 

c Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400 Thailand. 


Metalloprotease from Paenibacillus larvae has been described as important virulence factors for 

American foulbrood disease that a most serious disease of honey bee [1]. Its three dimensional 

structure and propeptide are studied in previous research. The C and N terminal peptide sequences are 

tagged with hydroxamic acid and hydrazide analogues which are potent and specific inhibitors for 

thermolysin, a closely relative enzyme. The role of these functional groups, the effect of peptide chain 

length, and the side-chain specificity for improving potency and stabilization of binding complex can 

be developed for a novel drug. 

Methods 

The three dimensional structure of metalloprotease and its propeptides were generated. The 

propeptide sequences are truncated to hexapeptide series. For previous docking study, we found that 

the peptide; YSLLDH are the most favorite with the lowest binding energy. In this study, the N- and 

C- terminal of YSLLDH was modified and docked into the active site of metalloprotease using 

CDOCKER in Discovery Studio 2.5[2]. Four functional groups, benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), phosphoryl 

(P), OHNH-benzylrnalonyl (Bzrn) and acetyl (Ac) group were tagged at the N-terminal. The C- 

terminal were tagged with Hydrazide (NHNH 2 ) and hydroxamic acid (NH(R) and NH(R)OH ) 

analogues[3]. The final series were tagged at both of N and C terminal with these. The binding free 

energies were calculated and all final docked structures were analyzed with the consensus score of 

PLP1, PLP2, PMF, PMF4, CDOCKER ENERGY, Ludi1 and Ludi2. Finally, the best pose and the 

binding mode were clarified. 

Results 

The result showed that tagging at C-terminal can significantly improve the potent of the peptide. 

The best pose is YSLLDH-NHNH 2 with binding energy of -242.9 kcal/mol. Eight hydrogen bond 

interactions with amino acid; Trp109, Tyr 151, Typ182, Arg192 and Gln202 have been observed. 

YSLLDH-NHNH 2 has exhibited slightly difference mode of binding in comparison to the original 

peptide YSLLDH with a strong hydrophobic interaction with buried amino acids Phe124, Try182 and 

Tyr200. The possible binding mode particularly at the active site has been still remained between 

peptide’s a carbonyl and carboxyl oxygen atoms. Moreover, it’s interestingly that the tag, NHNH2, is 

also able to form a charge interaction with Tyr109. 

Conclusion 

YSLLDH-NHNH 2 , the tagged peptide at C terminal, is the potential candidate to be developed for 

a novel American foulbrood metalloprotease inhibitor. The result was clearly clarified binding mode 

and interactions. 

Keywords: metalloprotease, american foulbrood disease, molecular docking, peptide inhibitors 


1. Dancer, B.; Chantawannakul, P. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 1997, 70, 79–87. 

2. Hirashima, A.; Huang, H. Comput. Biol. Chem., 2008, 32, 185-190. 

3. Nishino, N.; Powers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 17, 2846-2849. 

Sasiprapa Krondang (ศศิประภา ครองแดง) Ph.D. Student 

b 1984 in Lamphun, Thailand 

Chiang Mai University, Thailand, Biology, B.Sc. 2008

S3-P136 

Removal of Crystal Violet Dye by Adsorption on Titanium Dioxide 

Pimpaporn Sriprang, Sumpun Wongnawa and Orawan Sirichote 




TiO 2 has been studied for the adsorption of dyes and metal ions. Amorphous TiO 2 could be an 

alternative adsorbents for the treatment of dye from wastewater due to their high surface reactivity 

and adsorption capacity compared to their commercial counterparts. The objective of this work is to 

study the treatment efficiency of systhesized amorphous TiO 2 as an adsorbent for the removal of basic 

dye crystal violet (CV) by adsorption technique. The regeneration of used amorphous TiO 2 was also 

studied for recycling purpose. 

Methods 

Amorphous TiO 2 was prepared via the sol-gel method using TiCl 4 and diluted ammonia solution 

under vigorous stirring to yield the white precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and washed several 

times with distilled water and dried at 60 °C for 24 h. The product was characterized by XRD, UV- 

DRS, BET, and SEM. All adsorption experiments were carried out as batch tests under dark 

condition. The effect of different parameters such as dosage of adsorbent, contact time, pH of the 

solution and concentration of dye were evaluated. The adsorption isotherms were also studied. The 

regeneration process was achieved by using hydrogen peroxide and UV irradiation. The analysis of 

CV dye remaining in the solution was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. 

Results 

XRD results indicated that the product existed as amorphous form. The UV-DRS spectra was 

recorded between 200-800 nm and the calculated band gap energy was 3.20 eV. The BET method 

showed the high specific surface area of amorphous TiO 2 as 508.54 m 2 /g. 

Experimental results revealed that the amorphous TiO 2 can remove dye around 86-100% under 

the optimum dosage, pH, and contact time (0.05 g, pH 6.8-9, and 20 min) for initial dye 

concentrations of 1.0x10 -5 -3.0x10 -4 M. Table 1 shows the equilibrium adsorption data of CV as 

analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorbed amorphous TiO 2 can be 

regenerated and reused many times. 

Table 1 Adsorption isotherms parameters of CV onto amorphous TiO 2 . 

Dye Langmuir model Freundlich model 

q max b R 2 K F n R 2 

CV 0.49 1.56x10 8 0.9998 0.0031 4.78 0.8873 

Conclusion 

Amorphous TiO 2 is effectively used for the removal of CV from wastewater and the equilibrium 

was reached within 20 min. Isotherm modeling indicated that the Langmuir equation could better 

describe the adsorption of CV dyes onto the amorphous TiO 2 as compared to the Freundilch model. 

The amorphous TiO 2 coulde be regenerated and recycled almost endlessly. 

Keywords: amorphous TiO 2 , dye adsorption, regeneration 


1. Moussavi, G.; Mahmoudi, M. J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 168, 806–812. 

2. Kanna, M.; Wongnawa, S.; Buddee, S.; Dilokkhunakul, K.; Pinpithak, P. J. Sol-gel Sci. Techn., 2010, 27, 

1017-1026. 

Pimpaporn Sriprang (พิมพาภรณ ศรีปรางค) M.Sc. student 



Research field: adsorption and nanomaterials

S3-P137 

Synthesis and Characterization of Bis(amidinate) Tin(II) Complexes 

for Ring-opening Polymerization of -Caprolactone 

Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks a Chatyapha Pongchan-o b and Khamphee Phomphrai a 

a Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, MahidolUniversity,Rama VI Road, Ratchatewi, 

Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. 

b Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University,80 Nakhon Sawan Rd., Muang District, 

Maha Sarakham, 44000 Thailand. 


Polycaprolactone (PCL) is one of the most promising synthetic polymers prone to degradation in 

aqueous medium or by micro-organisms, having therefore large applications in various areas such as 

agriculture and medicine 1 . As far as it is concerned, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic 

esters is the selected method. Various species, including alkoxy and alkyl complexes of aluminum, 

tin, lanthanides, and transition metals, have been used as initiators. In this work, we aim to 

synthesized bis(amidinate) tin (II) complexes as a novel catalyst for ROP of -caprolactone 2 . 

Methods 

bis(amidinate) tin (II) complexes are synthesized from the reaction between Sn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 and 

the corresponding amidine ligands. The ROP was carried in molten phase under the presence and 

absence of initiator. The factor such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and selectivity were 

investigated. 

Results 

The characterization of tin (II) complexes was investigated by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, 

and elemental analysis. The tin complexes are shown to be active for the polymerization of 

-caprolactone (-CL) in the absence and presence of alcohol as initiator. 

Conclusion 

The synthesized tin (II) complexes displayed high catalytic activity for the polymerization of 

-caprolactone. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) reveals high molecular weight PCL (M n > 

100,000 Da) as a product. 

Keywords: ring-opening polymerization, -Caprolactone, Bis(amidinate) Tin(II) Complexes 


1. Pappalardo, D.; Annunziata, L.; Pellecchia C. Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 6056–6062. 

2. Phomphrai, K.; Pongchan-o, C.; Thumrongpatanaraks, W.; Sangtrirutnugul, P.; Kongsaeree P.; 

Pohmakotr M. Dalton Trans., doi: 10.1039/c0dt01050b. 

Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks (วิภาวี ธํารงพัฒนารักษ) Ph.D. Student 

b 1985 in Nakornratchasima, Thailand 


Mahidol University, Thailand, Chemistry, Ph. D. 2007 - present 

Research field: catalyst for polymerization and drug delivery

List of Participants

List of Participants 

Office of the Higher Education Commission 

1. Dr. Sumate Yamnoon Secretary-General 

Advisory Board Member 

1. Prof. Kamchorn Manunapichu Honorary Member, Mahidol University Council 

PERCH-CIC Coordinating Board 

1. Prof. Vichai Reutrakul Director / Mahidol University 

2. Prof. Manat Pohmakotr Deputy Director / Mahidol University 

3. Prof. Juwadee Shiowatana Deputy Director / Mahidol University 

4. Prof. Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul Prince of Songkla University 

5. Assoc. Prof. Prasak Thavornyutikarn Chiang Mai University 

6. Assoc. Prof. Somdej Kanokmedhakul Khon Kaen University 

7. Assoc. Prof. Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit Kasetsart University 

8. Asst. Prof. Ekaruth Srisook Burapha University 

9. Prof. Apichart Suksamrarn Ramkhamhaeng University 

10. Asst. Prof. Sunan Saikrasun Mahasarakham University 

11. Assoc. Prof. Vinich Promarak Ubonratchathani University 

12. Assoc. Prof. Jarupa Viyoch Naresuan University 

13. Assoc. Prof. Wilart Pompimon Lampang Rajabhat University 

14. Assoc. Prof. Thongchai Kruahong Suratthani Rajabhat University 

15. Dr. Atchara Kaewnoi Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 

Conference Organizing Committee 

1. Prof. Vichai Reutrakul 11. Assoc. Prof. Somdej Kanokmedhakul 

2. Prof. Manat Pohmakotr 12. Assoc. Prof. Vinich Promarak 

3. Prof. Juwadee Shiowatana 13. Assoc. Prof. Wilart Pompimon 

4. Prof. Apichart Suksamrarn 14. Asst. Prof. Atitaya Siripinyanond 

5. Prof. Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul 15. Asst. Prof. Chutima Kuhakarn 

6. Assoc. Prof. Thongchai Kruahong 16. Asst. Prof. Ekaruth Srisook 

7. Assoc. Prof. Jarupa Viyoch 17. Asst. Prof. Ekasith Somsook 

8. Assoc. Prof. Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit 18. Asst. Prof. Sunan Saikrasun 

9. Assoc. Prof. Prasak Thavornyutikarn 19. Dr. Atchara Kaewnoi 

10. Assoc. Prof. Shuleewan Rajviroongit 20. Dr. Pasit Pakawapanurat 

Plenary and Invited Speakers 

1. Prof. Albrecht Berkessel University of Cologne, Germany 

2. Prof. Bengang Xing Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

3. Prof. Biing-Jiun Uang National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 

4. Prof. Brendan Orner Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

5. Prof. Chin-Ti Chen Academia Sinica, Taiwan

484 


6. Prof. Chi-Wei Ong National Sun yat Sen University, Taiwan 

7. Prof. Chun-Chen Liao Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan 

8. Prof. Fangwei Shao Nanyang Technological University, Singapor 

9. Prof. Franois Mathey Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

10. Prof. Guoan Luo Tsinghua University, China 

11. Prof. Hidehiro Sakurai Institute for Molecular Science, Japan 

12. Prof. Hidetoshi Tokuyama Tohoku University, Japan 

13. Prof. Hyun-Joon Ha Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea 

14. Prof. Istvn E. Mark Universit catholique de Louvain, Belgium 

15. Prof. Jay S. Siegel University of Zurich, Switzerland 

16. Prof. Jeh-Jeng Wang Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan 

17. Prof. Kate Grudpan Chiang Mai University, Thailand 

18. Prof. Kotohiro Nomura Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan 

19. Prof. Kyo Han Ahn POSTECH, Korea 

20. Prof. Lennie Klebanoff Sandia National Laboratories, U.S.A. 

21. Prof. Lutz Ackermann Georg-August-University Gttingen, Germany 

22. Prof. Mark O’Neil-Johnson Sequoia Sciences, Inc, U.S.A. 

23. Prof. Mary Garson The University of Queensland, Australia 

24. Prof. Masafumi Unno Gunma University, Japan 

25. Prof. Ming-Jung Wu National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan 

26. Prof. Pak-Hing Leung Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 

27. Prof. Peter C. Hauser University of Basel, Switzerland 

28. Prof. Richard P. Cheng National Taiwan University, Taiwan 

29. Prof. Sabine Becker Research Centre Jlich, Germany 

30. Prof. Stephen G. Pyne University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia 

31. Prof. Sung Ho Kang KAIST, Korea 

32. Prof. Toshio Fuchigami Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan 

33. Prof. Xu Shen Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 

34. Prof. Yu-Tai Tao Academia Sinica, Taiwan 

35. Prof. Zhu-Jun Yao Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 

Special Lectures 

1. Dr. Wilaiporn Chetanachan The Siam Cement PLC, Thailand 

Implementation Unit Staff 

1. Ms. Atcharawadee Thanomlek 11. Ms. Paweena Ninbunphot 

2. Ms. Benyapha Yaibua 12. Ms. Peungpit Khompraphan 

3. Ms. Kanokkarn Saejueng 13. Mrs. Pongsri Katepongchai 

4. Ms. Kingkaew Serikul 14. Ms. Prapadsorn Pittayanurak 

5. Ms. Nareerat Phatyaensuk 15. Ms. Punnee Sae-Chin 

6. Ms. Natthamon Chaiyaboon 16. Ms. Punyawatrata Waratkul 

7. Ms. Ornpavee Seoob 17. Mrs. Somjit Vijit 

8. Mrs. Pakaprapa Swaetmarl 18. Ms. Weerawan Waiyawat 

9. Ms. Patcharee Duang-ngoen 19. Ms. Yaowarat Plengsangsri 

10. Ms. Patcharee Tongkum

4-7 May 2011 485 

Staff Members 

Mahidol University 

1. Prof. Vichai Reutrakul 19. Dr. Arada Chaiyanurakkul 

2. Prof. Manat Pohmakotr 20. Dr. Chutima Jiarpinitnun 

3. Prof. Juwadee Shiowatana 21. Dr. Darunee Soorukram 

4. Prof. Pawinee Piyachaturawat 22. Dr. Jonggol Tantirungrotechai 

5. Assoc. Prof. Chakrit Sirisinha 23. Dr. Kanchana Uraisin 

6. Assoc. Prof. Jitladda Sakdapipanich 24. Dr. Khamphee Phomphrai 

7. Assoc. Prof. Palangpon Kongsaeree 25. Dr. Natthinee Anantachoke 

8. Assoc. Prof. Patoomratana Tuchinda 26. Dr. Norased Nasongkla 

9. Assoc. Prof. Prapin Wilairat 27. Dr. Panya Sunintaboon 

10. Assoc. Prof. Shuleewan Rajviroongit 28. Dr. Pasit Pakawapanurat 

11 Assoc. Prof. Taweechai Amornsakchai 29. Dr. Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul 

12. Asst. Prof. Atitaya Siripinyanond 30. Dr. Rattikan Chantiwas 

13. Asst. Prof. Chutima Kuhakarn 31. Dr. Sirilata Yotphan 

14. Asst. Prof. Duangjai Nacapricha 32. Dr. Supavadee Kiatisevi 

15. Asst. Prof. Ekasith Somsook 33. Dr. Thaworn Jaipetch 

16. Asst. Prof. Payong Wanikiat 34. Dr. Vuthichai Ervithayasuporn 

17. Asst. Prof. Siwaporn Meejoo Smith 35. Dr. Waret Veerasai 

18. Asst. Prof. Tienthong Thongpanchang 

Prince of Songkla University 

1. Prof. Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul 10. Dr. Apon Numnuam 

2. Assoc. Prof. Chatchanok Karalai 11. Dr. Chongdee Thammakhet 

3. Assoc. Prof. Nongporn Towatana 12. Dr. Kwanruthai Tadpetch 

4. Assoc. Prof. Panote Thavarungkul 13. Dr. Morakot Kaewpet 

5. Assoc. Prof. Proespichaya Kanatharana 14. Dr. Saowanit Saithong 

6. Assoc. Prof. Sumpun Wongnawa 15. Dr. Thitima Rujiralai 

7. Asst. Prof. Chaveng Pakawatchai 16. Dr. Warakorn Limbut 

8. Asst. Prof. Kanda Panthong 17. Dr. Yaowapa Sukpondma 

9. Asst. Prof. Kanidtha Hansongnern 18. Ms. Kawitsara Borwornwiriyapan 

Chiang Mai University 

1. Prof. Kate Grudpan 19. Asst. Prof. Puttinan Meepowpan 

2. Assoc. Prof. Ampai Panthong 20. Asst. Prof. Sirirat Chancharunee 

3. Assoc. Prof. Apinpus Rujiwatra 21. Asst. Prof. Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun 

4. Assoc. Prof. Jaroon Jakmunee 22. Asst. Prof. Somporn Chantara 

5. Assoc. Prof. Nuansri Rakariyatham 23. Asst. Prof. Sunanta Wangkarn 

6. Assoc. Prof. Prasak Thavornyutikarn 24. Asst. Prof. Thapanee Sarakonsri 

7. Assoc. Prof. Ruangsri Watanesk 25. Asst. Prof. Winita Punyodom 

8. Assoc. Prof. Saisunee Liawruangrath 26. Dr. Kongkiat Trisuwan 

9. Assoc. Prof. Siriwan Ong-chai 27. Dr. Nawee Kungwan 

10. Assoc. Prof. Sugunya Wongpornchai 28. Dr. Nopakarn Chandet 

11. Assoc. Prof. Surasak Watanesk 29. Dr. Paralee Waenkaew 

12. Assoc. Prof. Titipun Thongtem 30. Dr. Pitchaya Mungkornasawakul

486 


13. Asst. Prof. Hataichanoke Niamsup 31. Dr. Siriwan Kettapun 

14. Asst. Prof. Kanarat Nalampang 32. Dr. Sorapong Janhom 

15. Asst. Prof. Kritsana Jitmanee 33. Dr. Sukjit Kungwankunakorn 

16. Asst. Prof. Lalida Shank 34. Dr. Suwaporn Luangkamin 

17. Asst. Prof. Nuchnipa Nuntawong 35. Dr. Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom 

18. Asst. Prof. Piyarat Nimmanpipug 

Khon Kaen University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Chalerm Ruangviriyachai 7. Asst. Prof. Chanaiporn Danvirutai 

2. Assoc. Prof. Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul 8. Asst. Prof. Chariya Hahnvajanawong 

3. Assoc. Prof. Saksit Chanthai 9. Asst. Prof. Khatcharin Siriwong 

4. Assoc. Prof. Somdej Kanokmedhakul 10. Dr. Apiwat Chompoosor 

5. Assoc. Prof. Sujittra Youngme 11. Dr. Rodjana Burakham 

6. Assoc. Prof. Supalax Srijaranai 12. Dr. Wittaya Ngeontae 

Kasetsart University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Apisit Songsasen 6. Dr. Pakorn Wattana-amorn 

2. Assoc. Prof. Boonsong Kongkathip 7. Dr. Pitak Chuawong 

3. Assoc. Prof. Ngampong Kongkathip 8. Dr. Wanchai Pluempanupat 

4. Assoc. Prof. Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit 9. Dr. Witcha Imaram 

5. Dr. Nonlawat Boonyalai 

Burapha University 

1. Asst. Prof. Ekaruth Srisook 9. Asst. Prof. Supranee Kaewpirom 

2. Asst. Prof. Jittima Charoenpanich 10. Asst. Prof. Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 

3. Asst. Prof. Jongkolnee Jongaramruong 11. Asst. Prof. Ubolluk Rattanasak 

4. Asst. Prof. Klaokwan Srisook 12. Dr. Akapong Suwattanamala 

5. Asst. Prof. Napa Tangtreamjitmun 13. Dr. Apinya Navakhun 

6. Asst. Prof. Rungnapha Saeeng 14. Dr. Chomchai Suksai 

7. Asst. Prof. Somsak Sirichai 15. Dr. Nattapong Srisook 

8. Asst. Prof. Suchaya Pongsai 

Ramkhamhaeng University 

1. Prof. Apichart Suksamrarn 4. Asst. Prof. Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul 

2. Assoc. Prof. Somyote Sutthivaiyakit 5. Asst. Prof. Korakot Navakhun 

3. Assoc. Prof. Thitima Rukachaisirikul 6. Dr. Vachiraporn Ajavakom 

Mahasarakham University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Wanna Kanchanamayoon 8. Dr. Darunee Puangpronpitag 

2. Asst. Prof. Nongnit Morakot 9. Dr. Muntana Nakornriab 

3. Asst. Prof. Sunan Saikrasun 10. Dr. Piyanete Chantiratikul 

4. Asst. Prof. Uthai Sakee 11. Dr. Prapairat Seephonkai 

5. Asst. Prof. Vallaya Sutthikhum 12. Dr. Prasong Srihanam 

6. Asst. Prof. Yodthong Baimark 13. Dr. Senee Kruanetr 

7. Dr. Banchob Wanno

4-7 May 2011 487 

Ubonratchathani University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Vinich Promarak 7. Dr. Kampanart Chayajarus 

2. Asst. Prof. Sayant Saengsuwan 8. Dr. Maliwan Amatatongchai 

3. Asst. Prof. Siriporn Jungsuttiwong 9. Dr. Pranorm Saejueng 

4. Asst. Prof. Suwat Pabchanda 10. Dr. Sanoe Chairam 

5. Dr. Arisara Issaree 11. Dr. Taweesak Sudyoadsuk 

6. Dr. Chan Inntam 12. Dr. Tinnagon Keawin 

Naresuan University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Jarupa Viyoch 8. Asst. Prof. Nipaphat Charoenthai 

2. Assoc. Prof. Kornkanok Ingkaninan 9. Asst. Prof. Nuttawut Saelim 

3. Assoc. Prof. Srisagul Sungthongjeen 10. Asst. Prof. Prinya Masawat 

4. Assoc. Prof. Sukkid Yasothornsrikul 11. Dr. Chaturong Suparpprom 

5. Assoc. Prof. Tasana Pitaksuteepong 12. Dr. Orawan Kritsunankul 

6. Asst. Prof. Metha Rutnakornpituk 13. Dr. Uthai Wichai 

7. Asst. Prof. Nanteetip Limpeanchob 

Lampang Rajabhat University 

1. Asst. Prof. Aphiruk Chaisena 2. Asst. Prof. Wilart Pompimon 

Suratthani Rajabhat University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Thongchai Kruahong 3. Dr. Marisa Intawongse 

2. Dr. Chutima Septhum 

Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 

1. Dr. Atchara Kaewnoi 2. Ms. Korakot Pethassanayothin 

Srinakharinwirot University 

1. Assoc. Prof. Sunit Suksamrarn 

Invited Participants 

1. Prof. Pornchai Matangkasombut Advisory Committee, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University 

2. Assoc. Prof. Oraphan Matangkasombut Committee of the National Research Council (Chemical 

and Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch) 

3. Assoc. Prof. Jintana Siripitayananon Head of Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University 

4. Assoc. Prof. Supa Hannongbua Head of Department of Chemistry, Kasetsart University 

5. Assoc. Prof. Surasuk Watanesk Dean of The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University 

6. Assoc. Prof. Preecha Phahonthep Dean of Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University 

7. Dr. Anurojana Punyawan Thai Feed Mill Association 

8. Dr. Chainarong Cherdchu Deputy Director, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) 

9. Dr. Pian Totarong Director, National Institute of Metrology(Thailand) 

10. Dr. Somchai Laohverapanich Du Pont (Thailand) Limited 

11. Dr. Supachai Lorlowhakarn Office of the Board of the Innovation Development Fund, 

National Innovation Agency 

12. Mr. Anan Chaikitwattana Tipco Group Public Company Limited 

13. Mr. Sombat Wanaupatum International Laboratories Corporation Limited

488 


Graduate Students 

Mahidol University 

Applied Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry 

Ph.D. Students 

1. Mr. Jirayu Sitanurak 7. Ms. Panwadee Wattanasin 

2. Mr. Phoonthawee Saetear 8. Ms. Piyawan Phansi 

3. Mr. Pracha Cheajesadagul 9. Ms. Rabiab Suwanpetch 

4. Mr. Thanakorn Pluangklang 10. Ms. Thitirat Mantim 

5. Ms. Chanpen Karuwan 11. Ms. Usarat Kumtabtim 

6. Ms. Nopparat Vorapalawut 

M.Sc. Students 

1. Mr. Chanasuk Surasit 22. Ms. Nathanika Butboon 

2. Mr. Chanin Kethong 23. Ms. Nathinee Songnuan 

3. Mr. Jakarwan Yostawonkul 24. Ms. Natta Wiriyakun 

4. Mr. Kritdikul Wised 25. Ms. Nattaya Sangngamratsakul 

5. Mr. Noppadon Manoyen 26. Ms. Nonglak Khunoad 

6. Mr. Pheerachat Tophan 27. Ms. Nunnapus Laitip 

7. Mr. Pratanphorn Chuanprasit 28. Ms. Panida Wimuktiwan 

8. Mr. Purmpoon Maisopa 29. Ms. Parishat Boriboon 

9. Mr. Songpol Susereedumrong 30. Ms. Patcharin Kaewmati 

10. Mr. Suttipong Saisarai 31. Ms. Paweenuch Prom-on 

11. Mr. Udomchai Tewasehson 32. Ms. Pornwilard M-M 

12. Mr. Zit Boonchuchauy 33. Ms. Pradup Mesawat 

13. Ms. Achjana Khamthip 34. Ms. Sadanan Kerdpocha 

14. Ms. Amonwan Sayasiri 35. Ms. Sasinan Janya 

15. Ms. Atitaya Aree 36. Ms. Sasinida Kongchamdee 

16. Ms. Jaruwan Mettakoonpitak 37. Ms. Sirinart Preecha 

17. Ms. Kannika Sitthisuwannakul 38. Ms. Siriporn Yodbuntung 

18. Ms. Karuna Pankhlueab 39. Ms. Siriwan Praban 

19. Ms. Kawaleen Thuamklang 40. Ms. Srisuda Patamma 

20. Ms. Muanfuan Thongtem 41. Ms. Thararat Moonta 

21. Ms. Nanthiya Paothong 42. Ms. Usana Thiengmanee 

Inorganic Chemistry 


1. Mr. Jadsada Ratniyom 5. Ms. Phonpimon Wongmahasirikun 

2. Mr. Nuttapong Kumpan 6. Ms. Sudarat Jindabot 

3. Mr. Pannapat Chotmongkolsap 7. Ms. Supathana Pracha 

4. Ms. Parichat Piromjitpong 8. Ms. Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks 

Organic Chemistry 


1. Mr. Karoon Sadorn 6. Mr. Utt Eiamprasert 

2. Mr. Krittaphat Wongma 7. Ms. Chonticha Masusai 

3. Mr. Nakin Surapanich 8. Ms. Waraporn Chanakul 

4. Mr. Saksit Nobsathian 9. Ms. Watcharaporn Thaharn 

5. Mr. Sopanat Kongsriprapan

4-7 May 2011 489 


1. Mr. Adisak Chatupheeraphat 13. Ms. Duenpen Unjaroen 

2. Mr. Bunyarat Rungtaweevoranit 14. Ms. Kanokorn Wechakorn 

3. Mr. Chatchai Tuengnak 15. Ms. Kitjanit Neranon 

4. Mr. Jakapun Soponpong 16. Ms. Kulvadee Dolsophon 

5. Mr. Korkit Korvorapun 17. Ms. Nantiya Bunbamrung 

6. Mr. Natthapol Samakkanad 18. Ms. Natthapat Sungchawek 

7. Mr. Nolan Betterley 19. Ms. Praewpan Katrun 

8. Mr. Pongkorn Chaiyakunvat 20. Ms. Samreang Bunteang 

9. Mr. Rattha Noorat 21. Ms. Sariya Thanasansurapong 

10. Mr. Sakkarin Du-a-man 22. Ms. Tassaporn Sawangphon 

11. Mr. Tawahchai Thongkongkaew 23. Ms. Vannapha Pharikronburee 

12. Mr. Teerachai Punirun 

Physical Chemistry 


1. Mr. Jedsada Sodtipinta 3. Mr. Tawatchai Keving 

2. Mr. Pongsit Tangcananurak 


1. Mr. Natee Sirisit 3. Ms. Vararut Weeramonkhonlert 

2. Ms. Pradudnet Ketwong 

Chemical Physics 


1. Mr. Titikan Somboon 2. Ms. Suparinthon Anupong 

Polymer Science and Technology 


1. Mr. Manuchet Nillawong 3. Ms. Nanthaya Kengkhetkit 

2. Mr. Somkieath Jenjob 4. Ms. Yotwadee Chokanandsombat 


1. Mr. Amnuey Lertpuntawong 14. Ms. Natshisa Mahattanadul 

2. Mr. Atip Boonbumrung 15. Ms. Ratchaniwan Suthangkul 

3. Mr. Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor 16. Ms. Saysuree Seneeburaphathid 

4. Mr. Ruttapoom Kalah 17. Ms. Siwaporn Kratay 

5. Mr. Supat Charoensilp 18. Ms. Sunisa Kaewsa-ard 

6. Mr. Surachai Siripat 19. Ms. Thapanee Chartreenuwat 

7. Ms. Akanit Manoprasertkul 20. Ms. Thapanee Wongpredee 

8. Ms. Bongkot Kulajit 21. Ms. Thitaporn Kwanprachatham 

9. Ms. Dolphawan Tanwilai 22. Ms. Treechada Numpanon 

10. Ms. Duangruthai Srinun 23. Ms. Wannita Lerdcheewanan 

11. Ms. Hataichanok Boonyang 24. Ms. Wisarin Nakwatchara 

12. Ms. Kannika Hatthapanit 25. Ms. Yodpradthana Samana 

13. Ms. Kunyaporn Pumduang

490 


Materials Science and Engineering 


1. Ms. Atchaleeya Jinasan 2. Mrs. Chomsri Siriwong 


1. Mr. Assadawoot Srikhaow 4. Ms. Patiya Pasakon 

2. Ms. Natthakarn Rahong 5. Ms. Patsaya Songkhum 

3. Ms. Nuttara Lasakul 6. Ms. Pharawee Thananupappaisal 

Biomedical Engineering 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Mr. Man Theerasilp 


1. Mr. Wanarong Khamlao 2. Ms. Tararat Chanlen 

Prince of Songkla University 

Analytical Chemistry 


1. Mr. Amin Fatoni 6. Ms. Saluma Samanman 

2. Mr. Opas Bunkoed 7. Ms. Sujittra Poorahong 

3. Mr. Rodtichoti Wannapob 8. Ms. Supannee Sankoh 

4. Ms. Jongjit Jantra 9. Ms. Supaporn Dawan 

5. Ms. Orawan Thipmanee 


1. Ms. Charinrat Siritham 10. Ms. Laksanaporn Sirimusika 

2. Ms. Fonthip Makkliang 11. Ms. Nirundorn Raekasin 

3. Ms. Janyaporn Sirikarn 12. Ms. Nual-anong Chaiyakit 

4. Ms. Jaruwan Saelor 13. Ms. Pichaya Wilaivarangkul 

5. Ms. Jindaporn Saelim 14. Ms. Sineenat Rattanapratip 

6. Ms. Jiranan Sangduangyang 15. Ms. Sujanya Jitlang 

7. Ms. Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee 16. Ms. Supamas Yodbutr 

8. Ms. Khwannapha Rattanadaecha 17. Ms. Thitiphan Chaiphet 

9. Ms. Kochaporn Chullasat 18. Ms. Tuanjai Plaidoung 



1. Mr. Chaval Sriwong 4. Mr. Supat Buddee 

2. Mr. Hasan Dopo 5. Ms. Kanokwan Thongsuriwong 

3. Mr. Pumsak Ruanwas 6. Ms. Thitipone Suwunwong 


1. Mr. Ekkapong Klaimanee 11. Ms. Nuda Walam 

2. Mr. Paradorn Wareesri 12. Ms. Patcharaporn Jansrisewangwong 

3. Mr. Tanin Tudrabiab 13. Ms. Patcharee Jongnavakit 

4. Ms. Alisa Bueraheng 14. Ms. Petdaw Karoh 

5. Ms. Chamaiporn Chalermwan 15. Ms. Pimpaporn Sriprang 

6. Ms. Jirapa Horkaew 16. Ms. Sukanpirom Siritam 

7. Ms. Kahnokkan Kedkoedklao 17. Ms. Sutatip Jainsiri 

8. Ms. Khanitta Intarasuwan 18. Ms. Thassanee Romin

4-7 May 2011 491 

9. Ms. Nanthanach Yathip 19. Ms. Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin 

10. Ms. Natwadee Eowjarern 20. Ms. Wasana Runrueng 



1. Mr. Abdulwahab Salae 4. Ms. Jiraporn Arunpanichlert 

2. Mr. Nanthaphong Khamthong 5. Ms. Kanidta Kaewkroek 

3. Mr. Saranyoo Klaiklay 6. Ms. Ubonta Sommart 


1. Mr. Sathit Buadam 4. Ms. Suwimon Nimduang 

2. Mr. Yuranan Srisud 5. Ms. Thita Yodsawad 

3. Ms. Khrongkwan Monprasart 



1. Mr. Wattana Ruangwut 2. Ms. Ruthairat Nimthong 


1. Mr. Hisam Samae 4. Ms. Kafsoh Wani 

2. Mr. Piyapong Jantaramas 5. Ms. Paichittra Chaichana 

3. Ms. Apinya Rodjun 6. Ms. Sumalin Kongchuai 

Chemical Education 


1. Ms. Busro Yalapae 6. Ms. Nutthakran Wanlaso 

2. Ms. Jarinthon Sonprasit 7. Ms. Sirikan Kannai 

3. Ms. Kanogwan Tohdee 8. Ms. Siwaporn Satpradit 

4. Ms. Kuntida Kodcharat 9. Ms. Tareeyah Malee 

5. Ms. Nachamon Rungsaiwattana 

Microbiology 


1. Ms. Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam 2. Ms. Sunanta Sawasdee 

Pharmaceutical Sciences 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Mr. Teeratad Sudsai 

M.Sc. Student 

1. Ms. Fameera Madaka 

Chiang Mai University 



1. Mr. Amnat Ruangchaiwat 6. Ms. Kwanchanok Wanawananon 

2. Mr. Norabhat Rannurags 7. Ms. Parawee Rattanakit 

3. Mr. Phyroajne Janhom 8. Ms. Patcharawan Rattanasongtham 

4. Mr. Pipoon Bunpeng 9. Ms. Wachiraporn Kheowmung 

5. Mr. Suphachock Upalee

492 



1. Mr. Arthit Bunma 6. Ms. Kanitha Sangsorn 

2. Mr. Ekachai Singcam 7. Ms. Rapeephan Thilanan 

3. Mr. Jatuporn Chaichana 8. Ms. Sirinat Boonpo 

4. Mr. Kittitat Tanta 9. Ms. Suthisa Ngoenrungrot 

5. Mr. Witaya Tala 10. Ms. Wanita Powsakul 



1. Mr. Siwat Thungprasert 


1. Mr. Yothin Chimupala 5. Ms. Nuengruethai Ekthammathat 

2. Ms. Hathai Sinaim 6. Ms. Oranuch Yayapao 

3. Ms. Kanyaporn Adpakpang 7. Ms. Sirichan Tachai 

4. Ms. Nitaya Manokam 



1. Mr. Anuruk Chailungka 4. Mrs. Wanthani Paengsri 

2. Mr. Saksri Sanyacharernkul 5. Ms. Panawan Suttiarporn 

3. Mr. Watcharapong Chumpolsri 6. Ms. Supannee Phothongkam 


1. Ms. Parintip Rattanaburi 5. Ms. Sireenart Surinwong 

2. Ms. Pittayaporn Boontakham 6. Ms. Wannaporn Chate 

3. Ms. Pornpana Kornwongwan 7. Ms. Wijittra Nittayajaiprom 

4. Ms. Rueansap Charoenphon 



1. Mr. Anucha Racksanti 10. Ms. Panthip Tue-ngeun 

2. Mr. Thanisorn Yakhantip 11. Ms. Paweelada Prasertboonyai 

3. Mr. Yuttasak Chammui 12. Ms. Pimpanitpa Kunthadong 

4. Ms. Atcharaporn Rattanamanee 13. Ms. Poachanee Norfun 

5. Ms. Boontharika Thapsukhon 14. Ms. Pusita Kuchaiyaphum 

6. Ms. Janchai Yana 15. Ms. Sasiprapa Krongdang 

7. Ms. Manita Dumklang 16. Ms. Suchaya Sriudom 

8. Ms. Montira Sriyai 17. Ms. Wijitra Meelua 

9. Ms. Nataporn Wijit 


1. Mr. Anuchit Thaemsuk 5. Ms. Apiradee Terdputtakun 

2. Mr. Pakpoom Ta-intorn 6. Ms. Benyapa Mahapram 

3. Mr. Saknarin Rak-on 7. Ms. Jeerawan Kaewkanta 

4. Mr. Warot Chotpatiwetchkul 8. Ms. Yupa Sriwirat

4-7 May 2011 493 

Biotechnology 


1. Mr. Keerati Tanruean 3. Ms. Khwanta Kaewnarin 

2. Ms. Aphinya Wongpia 


1. Ms. Chalinee Sujit 4. Ms. Patama Udomsanti 

2. Ms. Julaluck Tang-um 5. Ms. Peranart Jaimalai 

3. Ms. Laddawan Potprommanee 

Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Ms. Nawarat Viriyakhasem 

Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Mrs. Nutthiya Hanprasertpong 

M.Sc. Student 

1. Ms. Nedruthai Maichom 

Khon Kaen University 



1. Mr. Chunyapuk Kukusamude 6. Ms. Jitlada Vichapong 

2. Mr. Pirom Suwannasom 7. Ms. Nutthaya Butwong 

3. Mr. Thanawat Jumepaeng 8. Ms. Supalak Kongsri 

4. Mrs. Tuanjai Noipa 9. Ms. Suthasinee Boonchiangma 

5. Ms. Jaruwan Donthuan 10. Ms. Uraiwan Songsiang 


1. Mr. Bunpot Klinpratoom 7. Ms. Jantiwa Songsungkan 

2. Mr. Chatchanun Niwaswong 8. Ms. Kessarin Ngamdee 

3. Mr. Niyom Wongsa 9. Ms. Ketsarin Seebunrueng 

4. Mr. Rittikrai Sriraksa 10. Ms. Nithachcha Phonkeng 

5. Mr. Seri Mahavichad 11. Ms. Nittaya Thaharn 

6. Ms. Bang-orn Srinameb 12. Ms. Utisawadee Khamjumphol 



1. Mr. Nanthawat Wannarit 3. Ms. Atittaya Meenongwa 

2. Ms. Achareeya Cheansirisomboon 4. Ms. Bualan Khumpaitool 


1. Mr. Phalakorn Kamkhou 6. Ms. Nittaya Thuyweang 

2. Mr. Rawiphong Wongnin 7. Ms. Nuttaporn Khumchoo 

3. Mr. Sittichai Phanjamnong 8. Ms. Romrawee Pratumwieng 

4. Ms. Chulirat Phanyang 9. Ms. Sukanya Wiwong 

5. Ms. Jirabhorn Kabilaphat

494 




1. Mr. Mongkol Buayairaksa 4. Ms. Ratsami Lekphrom 

2. Mr. NiKhom Wongsa 5. Ms. Ruchanok Tearavarich 

3. Ms. Oue-artorn Rajachan 6. Ms. Siripit Pitchuanchom 


1. Mr. Supakorn Arthan 5. Ms. Pawantree Promsuwan 

2. Mr. Thanaphat Thaima 6. Ms. Siraprapah Saetang 

3. Mrs. Thanawan Jantagoot 7. Ms. Waranya Lakornwong 

4. Ms. Pattajaree Teabsaen 8. Ms. Wijitra Waengdongbung 



1. Mr. Nopbhasinthu Patdhanagul 3. Ms. Pittayagorn Noisong 

2. Ms. Kingkaew Chayakul 


1. Mr. Nantawat Phonchan 3. Ms. Watcharaporn Chaiyatoom 

2. Ms. Saifon Kullyakool 

Polymer Science 


1. Mr. Ridhaned Wattanawiboonkid 5. Ms. Romklaw Boonpoo-nga 

2. Mr. Sarunyoo Namman 6. Ms. Sukanya Srituiloeng 

3. Ms. Pavara Damnate 7. Ms. Sunitta Saensa-ard 

4. Ms. Prapasinee Jirasukho 

Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine 


1. Mr. Wissanukorn Puthabaln 2. Ms. Thitiporn Sahagunboonyarak 

Kasetsart University 



1. Mr. Apichai Thongtomroungrat 3. Mr. Pongsak Lowmunkhong 

2. Mr. Paratthakorn Iamaram 4. Ms. Jeerawan Mermana 


1. Ms. Duangrat Wilasinee 3. Ms. Supaporn Srisupap 

2. Ms. Saniporn Chanchaturaphan 4. Ms. Visakha Chunhakorn 



1. Mr. Natthapon Warapo 5. Ms. Nattiya Reungtip 

2. Mr. Ratchapol Batmart 6. Ms. Rassaniya Tabpla 

3. Mr. Theerawat Malai 7. Ms. Suwaluck Chaitong 

4. Mr. Tienkul Kangwanwong 8. Ms. Wanlapa Chitchiaranai

4-7 May 2011 495 



1. Mr. Parinthorn Temyarasilp 4. Mrs. Krisana Klinchan 

2. Mr. Wirot Likittrakulwong 5. Ms. Nutthawat Chuanopparat 

3. Ms. Janjira Rujirawanich 6. Ms. Sunisa Akkarasamiyo 


1. Mr. Thanya Rukkijakan 5. Ms. Pawarun Chitchirachan 

2. Mrs. Samang Mogkhuntod 6. Ms. Pawinee Wichienukul 

3. Ms. Ganchitchanuk Sarasuk 7. Ms. Pitchayada Fuengfuloy 

4. Ms. Nichapa Chanawungmuang 8. Ms. Suwimon Suebka 

Biochemistry 

M.Sc. Student 

1. Ms. Kultida Jiamsomboon 

Burapha University 



1. Mr. Anurak Chankaew 3. Ms. Nopphawun Thunkhun 

2. Mr. Chartchai Malaphong 


M.Sc. Student 

1. Ms. Arpadsara Kaowliew 



1. Mr. Sakkasem Kasemsuk 4. Ms. Pasuta Keeratiyapong 

2. Mr. Watchara Mangsang 5. Ms. Siriporn Kongniyay 

3. Ms. Onanong Siriparu 6. Ms. Yada Sirichan 


M.Sc. Student 

1. Ms. Pirada Sudprasert 

Polymer Science 


1. Mr. Pattanapong Paisitsrisawat 7. Ms. Pornpun Seelaphong 

2. Mr. Sompop Taebuanhuad 8. Ms. Sasiprapa Naraphan 

3. Mr. Sunan Wichitkhachee 9. Ms. Siwanant Thaiwitcharoen 

4. Ms. Dapawan Kunwong 10. Ms. Suttilak Suktanarak 

5. Ms. Nittaya Teoyla 11. Ms. Winatthakan Phuchaduek 

6. Ms. Nok Noiphom 12. Ms. Wiphawadee Thongnak

496 


Biochemistry 


1. Mr. Phongphan Komthong 6. Ms. Pawana Buranakit 

2. Ms. Doungnapa Buapool 7. Ms. Phraewphan Sawasdee 

3. Ms. Jirapa Chantiman 8. Ms. Sureeporn Suktanarug 

4. Ms. Mullika Palachot 9. Ms. Uthumporn Thanyacharoen 

5. Ms. Patcharee Klaiwattana 10. Ms. Yaowalak Charoensuk 

Ramkhamhaeng University 

Applied Chemistry 


1. Mr. Anan Athipornchai 5. Ms. Kanjana Wongkrajang 

2. Mr. Juthamanee Youkwon 6. Ms. Nattisa Niyomtham 

3. Mr. Sanit Thongnest 7. Ms. Thipphawan Chuprajob 

4. Ms. Chonticha Seeka 8. Ms. Thitima Lhinhatrakool 


1. Mr. Chanarong Suaisom 8. Ms. Praphakorn Kaemchantuek 

2. Mr. Narongdech Khobsantia 9. Ms. Ranu Sawangsri 

3. Mr. Surasak Kheawchaum 10. Ms. Ruthaiwan Kongcharoen 

4. Ms. Darunee Chenkan 11. Ms. Sarawalee Arunkhamkaew 

5. Ms. Khanitha Roongwitwathunyoo 12. Ms. Sasithorn Klinsakorn 

6. Ms. Namfon Baowthongkum 13. Ms. Tipawan Duangsong 

7. Ms. Nilubon Sornkaew 14. Ms. Wisith Saejew 

Mahasarakham University 

Chemistry 


1. Mr. Chanugorn Tabtimsai 4. Ms. Supattra Kayaisang 

2. Mrs. Tasawan Keawwangchai 5. Ms. Wandee Rakrai 

3. Ms. Amorn Panitsiri 


1. Mr. Apidech Thongsom 11. Ms. Montakarn Buathongchan 

2. Mr. Chaleowsak Khamwong 12. Ms. Naroemon Thaitong 

3. Mr. Sarawut Tontapha 13. Ms. Niwat Kaewseejan 

4. Mr. Supatsorn Chuelee 14. Ms. Nongkran Duangsin 

5. Mr. Tanongsak Rachyotha 15. Ms. Piyaporn Mangsangkam 

6. Ms. Chuleerat Wongnarat 16. Ms. Prapussorn Wiengnon 

7. Ms. Jiraporn Krasaetep 17. Ms. Rossukon Sittipout 

8. Ms. Kamonchanok Chakuton 18. Ms. Wichuda Nanthakasri 

9. Ms. Kanlayanee Boonla 19. Ms. Wipawadee Budda 

10. Ms. Kraivinee Pragourpun 

Ubonratchathani University 

Chemistry 


1. Mr. Preecha Moonsin 5. Ms. Duangratchaneekorn Muenmart 

2. Mr. Pongsathorn Tongkasee 6. Ms. Kanokkorn Sirithip 

3. Mr. Theerawat Naowanon 7. Ms. Palita Kochpradist 

4. Mrs. A-monrat Thangthong 8. Ms. Tanika Khanasa

4-7 May 2011 497 


1. Mr. Jumnain Putpan 7. Ms. Nittaya Janthasing 

2. Mr. Praphan Kenthao 8. Ms. Pawinee Pongwan 

3. Mr. Sakravee Punsay 9. Ms. Sirintra Potjanasopa 

4. Mr. Somphop Morada 10. Ms. Thitiya Sunonnam 

5. Mr. Teadkait Kaewpuang 11. Ms. Yaowarat Surakhot 

6. Ms. Kuttaleeya Krongyut 12. Ms. Yuwakorn Sensri 

Naresuan University 

Chemistry 


1. Mr. Nontawat Bang-iam 7. Ms. Boonsong Ditmangklo 

2. Mr. Rungsit Lunda 8. Ms. Chanita Khanantong 

3. Mr. Tanawat Duangkum 9. Ms. Jullada Tubsuwan 

4. Mr. Thitiphong Khumkhen 10. Ms. Nisanath Reenabthue 

5. Ms. Arpon Pongkasetkam 11. Ms. Parintorn Eiamsa-ard 

6. Ms. Benyanan Panwong 12. Ms. Wanpen Khongpet 

Sciences 


1. Mr. Apichart Boonmalai 4. Ms. Siraprapa Meerod 

2. Ms. Nantharak Rodkate 5. Ms. Sureerat Sanguthai 

3. Ms. Pawinee Theamdee 

Industrial Chemistry 


1. Mr. Bandit Thongon 4. Ms. Patcharin Kanhakeaw 

2. Mr. Kritsada Tankanya 5. Ms. Thanita Sutthatang 

3. Mr. Rathanon Jankaew 

Cosmetic Sciences 


1. Mr. Atthawith Pakdee-asa 8. Ms. Manatsanan Mahasamiti 

2. Mr. Jirasit Inthorn 9. Ms. Nukanya Tokton 

3. Mr. Tammanoon Rungsang 10. Ms. Paveena Amornnopparattanakul 

4. Mr. Thanet Laorob 11. Ms. Suradwadee Thungmungmee 

5. Ms. Ingdao Rodleang 12. Ms. Swanya Yakaew 

6. Ms. Jutatip Kwankaew 13. Ms. Thapana Orachun 

7. Ms. Khwunjit Itsarasook 

Pharmacology and Biomolecular Sciences 


1. Mr. Chanudom Wongmor 6. Ms. Pataranapa Nimtrakul 

2. Mr. Pattachai Pinnak 7. Ms. Phakhamon Lapphanichayakool 

3. Mr. Sathid Aimjongjun 8. Ms. Ruttiya Thongrung 

4. Ms. Chomphunut Aonsri 9. Ms. Thitiya Sanpundorn 

5. Ms. Kanittaporn Trisat

498 


Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products 


1. Mr. Jukkarin Srivilai 4. Ms. Nattayaporn Reamyindee 

2. Mr. Shindanai Yairaya 5. Ms. Ratchanee Kumlue 

3. Ms. Churanya Onlom 

Pharmaceutical Sciences 


1. Mr. Nikhom Naksupan 7. Ms. Nungruthai Suphrom 

2. Mr. Theerapich Paopeng 8. Ms. Phonthipa Meephayoong 

3. Mr. Wudtichai Wisuitiprot 9. Ms. Prapapan Temkitthawon 

4. Mrs. Atchariya Faikrua 10. Ms. Sontaya Sookying 

5. Ms. Acharaporn Duangjai 11. Ms. Wanachat Chaiyasan 

6. Ms. Khemjira Phetdee 12. Ms. Waraporn Kaewkon 

Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science 

1. Mr. Chartchai Chaichana 2. Mr. Natthawut Poomsila 

Lampang Rajabhat University 

Science Education 


1. Mr. Chalong Mahiwan 12. Ms. Kanlaya Kidyu 

2. Mr. Chisanupong Banjong 13. Ms. Mesayon Kaewthun 

3. Mr. Paiboon Sengyang 14. Ms. Orranuch Kunthiyajai 

4. Mr. Sanchai Nayyatip 15. Ms. Orratai Uadkla 

5. Mr. Wuttikrai Seesang 16. Ms. Phikunkeaw Seangphakdee 

6. Ms. Anongnart Kitsamart 17. Ms. Pissada Nahuanin 

7. Ms. Chayakan Natrong 18. Ms. Raweewan Kampong 

8. Ms. Chiarpha Thiplueang 19. Ms. Wanaphan Sutaboonma 

9. Ms. Chonthicha Naphong 20. Ms. Wanaree Boongla 

10. Ms. Jareeya Tueakyim 21. Ms. Waranya Peukfuk 

11. Ms. Jariya Somsrisa 22. Ms. Wisit Monthong 

Suratthani Rajabhat University 

Science Education 


1. Ms. Aisah Tenngah 9. Ms. Preedaporn Yotmek 

2. Ms. Chamiporn Inchoo 10. Ms. Sunee Chinkort 

3. Ms. Chotika Jeerapong 11. Ms. Supatsa Sriraksa 

4. Ms. Farisan Awae 12. Ms. Suthasinee Naknoi 

5. Ms. Kanjana Nokkaw 13. Ms. Suwarunee Kaeokhongsuk 

6. Ms. Monrudee Rittirat 14. Ms. Walailak Songrak 

7. Ms. Orawan Geskeaw 15. Ms. Wirawan Anuin 

8. Ms. Paijit Klubsri 16. Ms. Yuwarat Inchue

4-7 May 2011 499 

Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University 

Chemistry 


1. Mr. Chaiyun Taomali 3. Ms. Wilai Swainoi 

2. Ms. Wanida Pengmuan 

Srinakharinwirot University 

Chemistry 


1. Ms. Jannarin Nontakham 3. Ms. Napaporn Charoenram 

2. Ms. Kittiya Prompattanagit 4. Ms. Natthakaln Lomchoey 

Universit catholique de Louvain, Belgium 

1. Mr. Florian Schevenels 

Nanyang Technology University, Singapore 


1. Mr. Jian Zhang 6. Ms. Shuting Cai 

2. Mr. Stephen Sanjaya 7. Ms. Suxia Yan 

3. Ms. Dewi Susanti 8. Ms. Wei Caiyi 

4. Ms. Duanghathai Panichakul 9. Ms. Yanmei Yang 

5. Ms. Liu Yu 10. Ms. Yanni Yue 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Mr. Anurach Poloek 

National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan 

1. Mr. Chen-Chau Chen 

National Taiwan University, Taiwan 

1. Mr. Cheng-Hsun Wu 

Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan 

Ph.D. Student 

1. Mr. Chung-Yu Chen 

National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 

1. Mr. Kun-Yang Wu 3. Ms. Yu-Yu Chou 

2. Mr. Shao-Chian Hsu 

Sponsors 

1. A.C.S. Xenon Limited Partnership 4. Central Office Equipment Ltd., Part. 

2. Becthai Bangkok Equipment & Chemical Co., Ltd. 5. Heidolph Co., Ltd. 

3. Bruker Biospin AG, Thailand 6. Thai Carbon & Graphite Co., Ltd.

500 


Participants from Other Universities 

1. Asst. Prof. Surat Laphookhieo Mae Fah Luang University 


1. Mr. Wisanu Maneerat Mah Fah Luang University 

2. Ms. Tawanun Sripisut Mah Fah Luang University 


1. Ms. Cholpisut Tantapakul Mah Fah Luang University 

2. Mr. Patcharapong Thangsunan Chiang Mai University 

3. Mr. Sutthichat Kerdphon Chiang Mai University 

4. Ms. Duangrat Nim-anussornkul Chiang Mai University

Keyword Index

Keyword Index 

(+)-eudesmodiene-12,6-olide 312 

(1E,4E,6E)-heptatrien-3-one analogues 305 

(bromodifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene 322 

(diacetoxyiodo)benzene 317 

1,10-phenanthroline 421, 429 

1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one 163 

1,2-dimethylhydrazine 246 

1,4-cyclohexanedione (CHD) 378 

16S rRNA sequence 253 

19 

F NMR 325 

2,22 -bipyridine 401 

2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]zazepines 320 

2,5-dihydroxyphenyl butanones 64 

2-acetyl-1-pyrroline 149, 223, 259 

2AP 149 

2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-manopyranosyl glycosides 297 

2-vinyl indolines 320 

2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone 281 

3-amino-2-(phenylazo)pyridine 405 

3-hydroxyflavanone 296 

4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 135 

4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine 412 

5a-ecdysteroid analogue 309 

8-hydroxy germacrene B 279 

α,α-difluoro-α-phenylsulfanyl-αtrimethylsilylmethane 

311 

α-helix 33 

α-ketoglutarate 57 

α-tocophrerol 242 

β-amino acid 70 

β-carotene 173 

β-glucans 240 

β-lactam 128 

β-sheet 33 

β-sitosterol 208, 215 

δ-lactone 185 

ε-caprolactone 78, 375, 376, 468, 481 

γ-oryzanol 397 

A 

AA 470 

aberrant crypt foci 246 

abietane 211 

absorption efficiency 147 

ACAT2 227 

acetylthiourea 399 

acid orange 347 

acpcPNA 70 

acridone alkaloids 193, 194 

acrylamide 151, 232 

actinomycetes 253, 256 

activated carbon 176 

activation energy 376 

acute toxicity 230 

adenine 422 

adenosine 276, 286 

adhesion 449 

ADMET 284 

admium 49 

adsorption 88, 390, 393, 395, 466, 473 

aerobic oxidation 364 

affinity biosensor 115, 116, 117 

agapetes hosseana diels 189 

Ag–TiO 2 

photocatalyst 373 

alanine scanning 477 

alcoholic liver disease 249 

alizarin red S 122 

alkaline hydrolysis 219 

alkaloids 196, 197, 225 

alkenyl carbonitriles 67 

alkyl diphenylphosphinite 316 

allamanda cathartica 187 

allene 68 

allicin 143 

alpha-amylase inhibitor 260 

alpinia purpurata 188, 230 

aluminium(III) 105 

Amberlite XAD-4 135 

american foulbrood disease 479 

amide analogues 289 

amidotransferases 286 

amine 68 

amino acid 153 

aminoacyl-tRNA 276, 285 

ammonia 101 

Amomum biflorum 237 

Amomum uliginosum 191 

amorphous TiO 2 

372, 480 

amperometric biosensor 57 

amperometric detection 125 

amphetamine 55 

amphiphilic block copolymer 441 

analgesic 230 

Andidesma thwaitesianum Mll. Arg 226 

Andrographis paniculata 186 

anesthetic 301 

anion coordination chemistry 392 

anion detection 275 

anion exchange resin 53 

anion receptor 392, 394 

anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement 312 

anions doping 370 

anode materials 89 

anodic stripping voltammetry 130 

anthocyanidins 226 

anthraquinones 180 

anti-allergic activity 233 

anti-androgen activity 73

502 


antibacterial activity 289 

antibiotics 45 

anti-breast cancer 300 

anticancer 63 

anticancer compounds 217 

antifungal activity 235 

anti-inflammatory 188, 230, 231 

anti-lung cancer 300 

antimalarial activity 196 

antimicrobial activity 213, 254, 256 

antimony 138 

antimutagenicity 239 

antimycobacterial activity 66 

antioxidant 237, 264, 267 

antioxidant activity 221, 238, 263, 273 

antioxidant capacity 143 

anti-pain agent 303, 304 

antiplasmodial activity 66 

antityrosinase 264, 267 

antityrosinase activity 263 

apigenin 212 

aqueous medium 330 

Areca catechu nut 234 

Arg analogs 294 

arsenic 103, 131, 138 

artemisinin 299 

Artocarpus heterophyllus 190, 390 

Artocarpus incisus 236, 266 

Artocarpus integer 190 

arylthioindoles 284 

Asp/Glu-ADT 286 

asparagus racemosus 75, 235, 269, 271 

aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 280 

Aspergillus clavatus 186 

Aspergillus niger 186 

AspRS 280 

asymmetric catalysis 359 

atmospheric pressure plasma 466 

atom transfer radical polymerization 356, 441 

atomic force microscopy 458 

ATRP 354, 355, 440, 444 

aza-acpcPNA 70 

azo-imine 406 

azo-imine ligand 404 

B 

B12 129 

baby nipple 170 

Bacopa monnieri 248 

Bacopaside I 248 

bacteria 115 

barium titanate 369 

Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction 377 

benzofuran 331 

benzofuranone derivatives 206 

benzoic acid 158 

benzoin condensation 330 

benzophenone 470 

benzophenones 179, 180 

benzotriazoles 329 

benzyl alcohol 364 

benzylideneamino benzenesulfonic acid 416 

betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases 220 

Bet-ald 220 

BHK 277 

biflavonoids 200 

Bimetallic catalyst 77 

bimetallic complex 418 

binaphthols 339 

binding energy 478 

binding free energy 476 

binuclear 421 

bioaccessibility 54 

bioassay-guided isolation 187 

biocompatibility 96 

biodegradable 439, 468 

biodegradable polymer 367 

biodegradation 232 

biodiesel 345, 353, 360, 363, 324 

biogenic amine 153 

biological activity 191 

biological sample 134 

biomass burning 139 

biomass waste 175 

bio-oil 343 

bioreductive 298 

biosensor 113, 123 

biosynthetic pathway 223 

BipD 114 

Bis(amidinate) Tin(II) Complexes 481 

bis(diphenylphosphino)methane 400 

bismuth film 130 

bismuth modified electrode 125 

black fragrant rice 224 

black liquor 346 

black pepper 227 

blend film 471 

blends 445 

block copolymers 465 

BNNT 393 

bolusov-zhabotinsky 379 

bond strength 449 

boron-doped diamond electrode 124 

boronic acid 122 

bound rubber 450, 462 

bovine serum albumin 160 

branching 459 

brassinisteroid 295, 309 

breast cancer 217 

bromination 334 

bromomethyl cyclic imines 67 

Broussonetia papyrifera 264 

brown planthopper 222 

C 

cadmium 127

4-7 May 2011 503 

cadmium sulfide 43 

cadmium sulfide quantum dots 103 

caenorhabditis elegans 244 

calcination 90 

calcium 136 

calcium carbonate 126 

calcium incorporated mesoporous silica 357 

calcium oxid 345 

callus production 255 

camphorquinone 316 

cancer 93, 298 

capacitance 56 

capacitive biosensor 116 

capacitive immunosensor 117 

capacitively coupled contactless 

conductivity detection 55 

capillary electrophoresis 55, 104 

capsaicin 304 

capsaicin analogues 303 

capsiate 304 

carbamate group 285 

carbamates 156 

carbaryl 46 

carbazole 84, 85, 332, 334, 336, 

341, 342, 380, 428 

carbazole alkaloid 65, 210 

carbocycle 71 

carbohydrate 328 

carbon fiber electrode 57 

carbon nanotube 88, 123 

carbon-sulfur bond formation 316 

carbonyls 91 

carboxylated nitrile rubber 455 

carboxymethylchitosan 443 

carotenoid 225 

cassava starch 445 

cassava stem 175 

catalyst 367 

catalyst design 37 

catechins 76 

cathode catalys 383 

cathodic stripping voltammetry 131 

cationic lipid 287, 292, 293 

cationic surfactant 87 

CD spectroscopy 280 

cell cycle arrest 251 

cell penetration peptides 294 

cell viability 236 

cellulose acetate butyrate 452 

cement 449 

ceramic glaz 473 

chalcones 413 

change neutral host 275 

characterization 350, 468 

charcoal 348 

charge transport 34 

chelating copolymer 436 

chelating resin 438 

chemical activation 176 

chemical analysis 172, 352 

chemical linker 448 

chemical oscillator 377 

chemiluminescence 52 

chemometrics 172 

chilli pepper 138 

chimera 278 

chiral derivatizing agent 325 

chiral polyhydroxylated cyclopentenone 315 

chitosan 94, 123, 173, 272, 395, 451 

chitosan nanoparticles 270 

chitosan-SDS complex 453 

chloromethylene ketal 331 

chlorophyll 225 

cholangiocarcinoma 181, 209, 250, 251 

cholesterol 227, 287 

cholesterol biosynthesis 302 

cholinesterase inhibitor 195 

chromatography 110 

chromones 179 

cinnamomum glaucescens 183 

cis-decalin 312 

citronella grass leaf 150 

citrus hystrix 193, 195 

citrus reticulata Blanco 192, 194 

citrusosides 195 

Clausena excavata 196 

Clausena harmandiana 65 

Clausena lansium 197 

click 356, 361 

click chemistry 282, 291 

click ligand 355 

click reaction 440 

clusiaceae 202 

coagulation 173 

cobalt 129 

cobalt complex 418 

co-doped TiO 2 

358 

colon cancer 246 

colorectal cancer 217 

colorimetric 98 

co-modification 87 

composite fiber 464 

compressive strength 389 

computational chemistry 392 

concentrated latex 167 

conductive coating 463 

conformation analysis 279 

continuous flow dialysis system 54 

controlled delivery 178 

coordination-insertion mechanism 375 

copper 166, 421 

copper soap colorimetry 350 

copper complex 401, 418 

copper hydroxyphosphate 419 

copper oxide 423 

copper(I) complexes 400

504 


copper(II) 422 

co-precipitation 119 

core-shell 178 

core-shell nanoparticle 382, 454 

core-shell particle 94 

corncob 348 

corundum alumina 353 

cost-effective 58 

cotton 390 

coumaphos 50 

coumarin 65, 197, 209, 282, 338, 340 

coumarins 193, 194, 196 

cross injection analysis 107 

cross-coupling reaction 368 

cryogel 145 

cryopreservation 262 

cryptolepis buchanani 74 

crystal structure 414, 416 

crystallization temperature 442 

CSV 131 

curcumin 402 

curcuminoids 169, 249, 305 

cure behavior 462 

curuma aearuginosa 73 

cyclic ester 366 

cyclic vinyl bromide 71 

cycloaddition 328 

cyclohexenone 184 

cycloisomerization 320 

cyclopentanone-anthracene adducts 252 

cyclopeptide alkaloid 66 

CYP7A1 245 

cysteine 283 

cytochalasins 183 

cytokine 240 

cytotoxic activity 196, 204, 213, 216, 305 

cytotoxicity 65, 181, 187, 191, 197, 

198, 239, 297, 299 

cytotoxicity to fibroblast 238 

D 

D,L-lactide 468 

DAMA-colchicine 284 

deacylation 276 

decaschistia parviflora 198 

degradation 433, 445 

denitrosation 170 

density functional theory 375 

determination of Ru 3+ 391 

deuteration 314 

dexamethasone 178 

dextran sulfate 272 

DFT 88, 392, 393, 394, 402, 424 

D-glucal 297 

D-glucose 308 

dialkylzinc addition 359 

dibenzyl ethers 179 

dielectric properties 420 

diene 321 

differential scanning calorimetry 376 

difluoromethylation 313 

difluorophenylsulfanylmethane 319 

digestion apparatus 134 

digital image-based colorimetry 168 

dihydrochalcone 201 

dilatometry 78 

diluent 435 

dilute sulfuric acid 175 

dimethoate 46 

dimethylglyoxime 129 

dinaphthothiophene 335 

diols 310 

diospyros ranongensis 199 

dip coating 386 

dip coating process 446 

dip-coating method 371, 408 

dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) 283 

disaccharide 63 

disorder waves 379 

distilled liquor 98 

diterpenes 214 

diterpenoid 211 

D-lactic acid 374 

DNA 34, 70 

DNA binding 422 

DNA delivery 287, 292 

DNA sensor 116 

dolomite 136 

domain communication 280 

donor p-conjugated acceptor 332, 342 

donor-pi-acceptor 336 

doped TiO 2 

372 

doxorubicin 291 

DPPH 218 

DPPH assay 236 

DPPH radical 43 

drug carrier 451 

drug delivery 291, 465, 469 

Drumstick trees 255 

DSC 379 

DSCs 83, 380 

DSSCs 381 

dye adsorption 480 

dye degradation 370, 372 

dye-sensitized solar cells 84, 85, 332, 336, 

341, 342, 406, 410 

dynamics 91 

D-π-A 380 

E 

EAMA 258 

ebenaceae 199 

ecdysteroid analogue 295 

eggshell membranes 49 

electrochemical 112 

electrochemical analysis 124

4-7 May 2011 505 

electroluminescence 59 

electron withdrawing groups disubstituted 

isophtalamide derivatives 392 

electronic effect 396 

electronic property 337 

electropolymerization 113 

electrospinning 434 

electrostatic polarization 288 

elemental distribution 142 

ELISA 75 

ellagic acid 263 

Ellipanthus tomentosus 

Kurz var. tomentosus 200 

enantiomers 55 

endophyte 183, 253 

endophytic fungi 254 

endophytic fungus 64 

enrofloxacin 124 

enzyme immobilization 109 

epitope 477, 478 

ericaceae 189 

eriosema chinense 296 

erythromycin 252 

essential oil 453 

esterification 329 

ethanol 98, 121, 249 

ethylene adsorption 87 

etlingera pavieana 241 

etlingera genus 201 

etlingera littoralis 201 

ettringite 388 

eugenia caryophyllata 301 

eugenol 215, 301 

EXAFS 384 

extracting methods 158 

ex-vivo 268 

F 

fabrication 97 

fatty acid 148, 262 

fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 360 

Fe-doped SnO 2 

386 

fenvalerate 46 

ferricinium doped-MnO 2 

364 

ferrite 417 

ferrocene 354, 396 

ferromagnetic 424 

fiber reinforcement 449 

filler-rubber interaction 456 

film formation 458 

flame atomic absorption spectrometry 407 

flavanones 193 

flavonoid 201 

flavonoids 190, 200, 212 

Fl-FFF 54 

flocculation 173 

flow field-flow fractionation 159 

flow injection 98, 130 

flow injection analysis 53, 97, 100, 

102, 104, 109 

flower-like ZnO 92 

fluorene 84, 336, 380 

fluorescein 171 

fluorescence 413 

fluorescence property 415 

fluorescence quantum yield 413 

fluorescence quenching 43 

fluorescence sensor 122 

fluorescent chemosensor 391 

fluorescent property 414, 416 

fluorescent sensor 282 

fluorinated amino acid 33 

fluorine doped tin oxide 387 

fluoroelastomer 460 

fluoroquinolone antibiotics 154 

fluvastatin 302 

fly ash 388, 389 

FMOC-Cl 51 

formaldehyde 58 

formylation 319 

freeze-thaw cycles 145 

fried-fruit snacks 151 

FTIR 173 

FT-IR spectra 419 

fuel cell 86 

fulvic acid 177 

functional fibers 475 

fungal lipase 350 

furanocoumarins 195 

G 

GABA 270 

GAB-ald 220 

galactopyranosyl 68 

garcinia cowa 202 

garcinia fusca 204 

garcinia hombroniana 184 

garcinia speciosa 203 

garlic clove 143 

gas chromatography flame 

ionization detector 146 

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 217, 223 

gas collection unit 102 

gasohol 121 

GatCAB 286 

GC 150 

GC-FID 147 

GCGC-MS 222 

GC-MS 222, 343, 475 

GC-MS analysis 151 

gel electrophoresis 47 

gel fraction 437 

gem-difluoro-1-azabicyclic compounds 61 

gem-difluoromethylated γ-lactams 313 

gem-difluoromethylation 311 

geopolymer 388, 389

506 


GFP 277 

glucosamine 51 

glucose 122 

glycidyl methacrylate 438 

GMA 436 

gold 68 

gold catalysis 320 

gold nanoparticles 118, 368 

graft copolymer 474 

grafting 470 

grammatophyllum speciosum Blume 208 

graphite oxide-Titanium dioxide 79 

green tea 76 

griess reagent 102 

grignard reagents 67 

ground truth 44 

GrSPLITT fractionation 152, 162 

guanine 422 

guttiferae 203 

gynura procumbens 225 

H 

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia 261 

Hammett constant 396 

headspace-gas chromatography 149 

Heat Assisted Magnetic 

Recording (HAMR) technique 446 

heavy metal 407 

heavy metals 137, 139 

Heck reactions 322 

hedychium coronarium 205 

helical propensity 288 

helicenebisquinone 339 

helicobacter pylori 286 

helix formation 294 

HEMA 436 

heme oxygenase-1 241 

hepatoprotective agent 249 

herbal incense 150 

hesperethusa crenulata 238 

heterocycle 71 

heterocycles 331 

heterocyclic helicene 333 

heterogeneous catalyst 345 

HFIP 319 

HG-AAS 138 

Hg-curcumin complex 402 

high performance liquid chromatography 155 

high-functional Materials 41 

high-performance liquid 

chromatography (HPLC) 153 

HIV-1 477, 478 

hole-transporting material (HTM) 428 

homalium tomentosum 206 

home-made spectrophotometric detector 97 

homocoupling 321 

homogeneous catalysis 310 

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) 

olefination 308 

Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction 307 

HPLC 45 

HPLC 154 

HT-29 cells 299 

human fibroblasts 265 

hyaluronan 247 

hyaluronan synthase 247 

hydrazone derivatives 414 

hydride generation 103 

hydroamination 68 

hydrodynamic injection 104 

hydrogel patch 266 

hydrogels 443 

hydrogen bond 429 

hydrogen peroxide 171 

hydrolysis 175 

hydrothermal 358, 432 

hydrothermal reaction 430 

hydroxyl terminated natural rubber 457 

hydroxynaphthoquinone 300 

hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 269 

hypervalent iodine 317 

hypocholesterolemic effect 245 

I 

icetexane 211 

ICP-OES 137, 139, 140, 141 

imides 310 

iminobromination 67 

immobilized titanium dioxide 80 

immobilized-metal affinity chromatography 285 

immunoassay 248 

immunosensor 114 

impact modifier 445 

impedimetric immunosensor 118 

indigo carmine 80 

indole 331 

indolizidine 61 

indomethacin 74 

indophenol blue 101 

inducible nitric oxide synthase 241 

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 48 

industry applications 58 

inflammation 258 

inhibition 286, 302 

injectable implants 468 

iNOS 229 

integrated pulsed amperometric 

detection (IPAD) 128 

interleukin-1β 247 

intramolecular charge transfer 84 

intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions 312 

intramolecular radical cyclization 311 

invasion 250 

iodine 53, 140, 318 

iodine deficiency disorder 53 

iodine solution 82

4-7 May 2011 507 

ion bombardment 86 

ionic liquid 324 

ion-selective electrode 127 

iron 163 

iron ores 174 

iron-oxide 384 

iron-saccharide 384 

irregular waves 379 

isocoumarin 185 

isocourmarin derivatives 206 

isogenic rice 259 

isomorellinol 250 

K 

Kaempferia parviflora 228 

KDML105 Thai rice 260 

khonklonginol A 296 

kinetics 390 

kinetics of polyesterification 374 

kinetics properties 427 

Kluyvera ascorbata 232 

knee pain 74 

KNiPO 4 

H 2 

O 427 

Knoevenagel condensation 307 

KOH 176 

L 

L. polychrous 219 

Labdane diterpenes 205 

labiatae 212 

lab-on-a-chip 111 

lac dye 466 

laccase 123 

lactide 362, 367 

LA-ICP-MS 47 

Langmuir adsorption isotherm 403 

Langmuir equation 407 

LaPO 4 

431 

laser ablation 48 

laser ablation ICP-MS 142 

laser diode 111 

lasiodiplodin 181 

Lates calarrifer 262 

lauric acid 148 

LC-MS/MS 257, 258 

LDPE/starch 445 

LDR 44 

lead 49 

leech lime 195 

Lentinus edodes 240 

Lentinus polychrous Lv 346 

Lentinus squarrosulus 219 

leonardite 177 

leukeamia 217 

L-FABP 257 

LiAlNiO 420 

light harvesting efficiency 406 

light scattering layer 379 

ligninolytic enzyme 346 

Li-ion battery 89 

limonoids 193 

lipase 351 

lipid nanoparticles 397 

lipid peroxidation 242 

lipofuscin accumulation 244 

lipopolysaccharide 247 

liposome 287 

liquid chromatography 46 

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 223 

lithography 112 

LiZnPO 4 

H 2 

O 426 

low molecular weight natural rubber 457 

low molecular weight natural rubber (LNR) 456 

lubricant film 446 

lupeol 199 

lupeol acetate 215 

lutein 242 

M 

Macca charcoal 464, 475 

macrophage 229, 258 

macrophage cells 240 

Mae Moh Lignite Mine 177 

magnesium 136, 167 

magnesium ion 282 

magnetic iron oxide 119 

magnetic nanoparticle 291, 440, 444 

magnetic properties 417 

magnetite nanoparticle 281, 447 

malva nut 407 

Malva nut gum 403 

Malvaceae 198 

mangrove-derived fungi 179 

mannose 307 

masked o-benzoquinones (MOBs) 312 

mauritines L and M 66 

Maytenus mekongensis 207 

MBH adduct 315 

MCM-41 357 

MD simulation 86 

mekongensine 207 

melioidosis 114 

melt-spinning 475 

membraneless vaporization 126 

mesenchymal stem cells 96 

mesoporous silica 357 

metabolism 248 

metal binding protein 47 

metal OLEDs 59 

metal removal 438 

metalloprotease 479 

metallotetraazaporphyrin 59 

metal-mediated domino reaction 62 

metastasis 250 

methamphetamine 55 

methoxyflavones 228

508 


methyl orange 79 

methylation 34 

methylchalcone 284 

methylcytosine 34 

methylene blue 348 

micelle 43, 122 

micro-beads 436 

micro-flow analysis system 111 

microfluidic device 52, 112 

microfluidic system 110 

micro-hydrodistillation 150 

micromelum minutum 209 

microparticles 261 

microporous 461 

microreactor 109 

microsphaeropsis arundinis 64 

microstructure 420 

microwave 314, 389 

microwave synthesis method 431 

milk 45 

milt 262 

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 234 

misacylation 278 

Mitsunobu chemoselective esterification 304 

mixed anionic-cationic surfactants 

cloud-point extraction 155 

mixed matrix membrane 95 

mixed micelle-cloud point extraction 45 

mixed oxide catalyst 77 

mixing 450 

MLR 172 

MMA 356 

Mn-doped ZnO 347 

modified natural rubber 456 

molecular characteristics 459 

molecular cloning 260 

molecular docking 284, 479 

molecular dynamics simulation 476 

molecular iodine 297 

molecularly imprinted polymer 50 

molybdenum blue 165 

molybdenum blue method 107 

molybdenum trioxide 432 

monoclonal antibody 75 

monolith 110 

montmorillonite 423 

Moraceae 190 

Moringa oleifera Lam. 255 

Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction 315 

morphology 435 

Morus alba. 267 

MRI 93 

MTP 245 

mullein 184 

multielement 141 

multilayer 381 

multiwall carbon nanotube 463 

Murraya koenigii 210 

N 

N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) 454 

N,N-dimethylbenzimidazolium iodide 330 

N 2 

O 2 

bis(phenoxy)-amine ligand 362 

NADH 57 

nanoemulsion 269, 453 

nanoparticles 54, 272, 274, 465 

nanoparticulate matter 398 

nanostructure lipid carriers 263 

naphthol 185 

napthaldehyde derivative 198 

natural fibre 467 

natural rubber 168, 474 

natural rubber film 455 

natural rubber latex 165, 166, 458 

ND-AspRS 278 

neoandrographolide 186 

neo-lignan 215 

NFAT 277 

N-heterocyclic carbenes 310 

Ni(II) complex 133 

nickel 49, 429 

nicotine 243 

nicotinonitrile derivatives 415 

NiO 425 

NIPAAm 440 

Nitrate 429 

nitric oxide 229, 241, 249 

nitrile rubber 450, 462 

nitrite 100, 170 

nitrogen dioxide 102, 133 

nitrogen-phosphorous detector 149 

nitroso-R-salt 164 

NMR 279 

N-nitrosamines 170 

NO 240 

non-discriminating Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 278 

Nong Mon market 151 

NPC1L1 227 

NPD 149 

NR latex 95 

N-S co-doped TiO 2 

349 

O 

OFETs 60 

OLED 428 

olefin polymerization 37 

olgothiophenes 60 

oligomers 299 

one-dimension 431 

on-line solid phase extraction 53, 156 

openframework materials 426 

optical properties 430, 432 

orange 46 

orchidaceae 208 

ore dressing 174 

organic chemistry 331

4-7 May 2011 509 

organic field-effect transistor 326 

organic light-emitting diodes 334, 338, 340 

organic light-emitting materials 337 

organic semiconductor 60 

organometallic chemistry 37 

organophosphorus pesticide 109, 155 

orthophosphate 107, 165 

OsBADH1 220 

oseltamivir 307 

Os–SWCNT 88 

osteoarthritis 74 

OSW-1 63 

o-WO 3 

microfowers 430 

oxa[5]-helicene 339 

oxalate route 369 

oxidation-reduction condensation 316 

oxidative photocyclization 335 

oxygen reduction 123 

oyster 137 

P 

P.Vannamei 142 

p17 477 

palladium 68 

palm oil shell 176 

Pasteurella multocida 261 

PBET 137 

PCR 172 

PEMFC 383 

penicillins 45, 128 

Penicillium sp. 180 

pentacarbonyltungsten complexes 81 

pentacyclic triterpenes 189 

peptide inhibitors 479 

peptide nucleic acid 281 

pervaporation 95 

Pestalotiopsis sp. 179 

petroleum 48 

Phawa 203 

phenol 106 

phenol content 226 

phenolic alkanone 216 

phenolic content 218 

PhI(OAc) 2 67 

pH-ISFET 126 

phocatalyst 79 

Phomopsis sp. 183 

phosphate 167 

phosphindole 81 

phosphirene 81 

phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor 228 

phosphorus 108 

photo-aging 265 

photocatalysis 347, 370 

photocatalyst 92, 348, 349, 369, 372 

photocatalytic activity 358 

photochemistry 82 

photodegradation 80, 347, 373 

Photoluminescence 90 

photon flux 44 

phthalides 64 

physical property 425 

pineapple 159 

pineapple leaf fibre 467 

Piper betle leaf 234 

piperine 227 

Plai oil 453 

plant growth promoting activity 309 

plant growth regulating action 295 

plasticizers 452 

PLGA 178 

PLS 172 

Pluchea indica 229 

PM10 139 

PNA 116 

PNIPAAm 443 

poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 94 

poly (lactic acid) (PLA) 472 

poly (vinyl alcohol) 472 

poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) 451 

poly(acrylic acid) 95 

poly(D-lactic acid) 374 

poly(ehtylene glycol) methyl 

ether acrylate (PEGMA) 441 

poly(ethylene terephthalate) 475 

poly(L-lactide) 452 

poly(L-lactide-co- ε-caprolactone) 96 

poly(vinyl alcohol) 95 

polyalanine 288 

polyaniline (PANI) 368 

polychloroprene 455 

polydiacetylene 448 

polydimethyl siloxane 447 

polyelectrolyte 444 

polyelectrolyte complexation technique 272 

polyelectrolytes 473 

polyethylene 459 

polyethylene membrane 461 

polylactide 365, 439 

polymer blend 472 

polymer blends 439, 465 

polymer coating 455 

polymer gel electrolyte 382 

polymer monolith 109 

polymeric fiber 449 

Polymeric micelle 93 

polymeric rod 469 

polymerization 366 

polymethoxyflavone 192 

poly-o-phenylenediamine 113 

polyphenoloxidase 159 

polypiridine ligand 409 

Polyporales 182 

polypropylene composites 467 

polypropylene fibers 464 

polypyridine ligand 411

510 


polysiloxane 441 

polystyrene 478 

pomegranate peel extract 263 

porcine 268 

porcine liver microsomes 252 

porous 435, 438 

porous 3-dimensional membranes 96 

Porphyrin 83 

porphyrin derivative 391 

potentiometric titration 281 

potentiometry 377 

powder-free 455 

p-Phenylenediamine 117 

preconcentration 49, 135, 146 

Premna obtusifolia 211 

Premna pyramidata 212 

prenylated flavonoid 296 

primary skin fibroblasts 236 

pro-oxidation 76 

properties 452 

Protease XIV 433 

protein 259 

protein assay 168 

protein-nanoparticles association 160 

proteomics 257, 259 

PS 144 

pseudojujubogenin 248 

pump-probe 91 

PVC membrane 127 

pyranone derivatives 182 

pyrene derivatives 337 

pyrethroid insecticides 157 

pyrolysis 343 

pyrone 184 

pyrrolidine 328 

pyrrolidinyl PNA 476 

pyrrolizidine 61 

Q 

quantum dots 43 

QuEChERS 157 

quercetin 105 

quinone 300 

R 

radical scavenging activity 218 

Rafflesia kerrii Meijer 239 

raman spectrometry 121 

raman spectroscopy 397 

raphanus sativus 295 

RAW264.7 cells 231 

RBL-2H3 cells 233 

reactive dye 395 

reactive oxygen species 242, 244 

recombination rate 373 

red cargo rice 224 

reductive ring opening 307 

reflux 383 

regeneration 480 

reinforcement 460 

remote sensing 44 

resin 324 

resonance light scattering 173 

reusable linker 289 

reverse flow injection 101 

reversible hydration-rehydration 427 

Rh 57 

rheology 459 

rheumatoid arthritis 247 

rhinacanthin-C 251 

Rhodamine B dye 373 

rhodium catalyst 321 

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 254 

ribose 62 

rice 141, 149 

rice (Oryza sativa) 220 

rice bran 218 

rice protein 47 

rice starch 471 

rice vinegar 224 

riceberry 217 

ring-closing metathesis 62, 71 

ring-opening polymerisation 78, 375, 376, 481 

RNA binding 294 

Ru 57 

rubber wood combustion 398 

rubber-filler interaction 462 

Russula delica 240 

Rutacea 192 

Rutaceae 193, 209, 210 

ruthenium 310 

ruthenium complex 406, 404 

ruthenium polypyridyl complexes 410, 412 

ruthenium (II) complex 405, 409, 411 

S 

salicylic acid 158, 451 

salinity 99 

sample preparation 145 

saponin enrich 235 

scatchard plot 403 

schlieren effect 99 

screening 350 

SDS-PAGE 258 

sea fan-derived fungus 180 

seabass 137 

seagrass-derived fungus 182, 185 

sedimentation field-flow fractionation 161 

selagin 212 

selenium 54 

self assemble monolayer 132 

semiconductor 120 

sensing device 58 

separation 136 

sequential extraction 108 

sequential injection analysis 105, 106

4-7 May 2011 511 

sequential injection-bead injection 156 

sericin 245, 246, 273, 274 

sesquiterpene alkaloids 207 

sesquiterpenes 73 

settling velocity 152, 162 

shatavarin IV 75 

shrimp 142 

shrimp pond water 56 

SIC 51 

silane 450 

silane coupling agent 460 

silanol 41 

silica 450, 460, 470 

silica gel 290 

silk 466 

silk fibroin 433, 434, 471, 472 

silk protein 245 

silsesquioxane 41 

silver nanoparticles 160 

silver(I) complex 399 

simple synthesis 419 

single chain Fv 477 

single crystal structure 429 

single crystal X-ray diffraction 399 

size distributions 398 

skin 268 

skin-lightening 266 

small molecule 118 

smoking cessation 243 

SN-38 469 

SnO 2 

120 

sodium dodecyl sulfate 155 

sodium polyacrylate 473 

soft nanomatrix structure 474 

soil 256 

soil isolates 351 

solar cell 381 

sol-gel 58, 358, 387 

sol-gel method 349, 370 

sol-gel process 417, 420, 425 

solid base 360 

solid base catalyst 353 

solid lipid nanoparticles 271, 397 

solid phase extraction (SPE) 154, 157 

solid phase synthesis 287, 289, 292 

solid state fermentation 219, 224 

solid supported base reagent 290 

soluble tin(II) alkoxides 78 

solvent extraction 143, 226 

sonochemical method 92 

sorbent 145 

sorbic acid 158 

sorbitol derivatives 442 

space-charge-limited transistor 326 

SPE 46 

speciation 138 

spectrofluorometric 106, 169, 164, 171 

spectrophotometric method 108 

spectrophotometry 100, 109, 166 

sperm 262 

spermatogenic cell 152, 162 

SPIO 93 

SPME 222 

SPR 114, 115 

spray pyrolysis 385 

sputtering 112 

square wave 131 

starch 439 

stephania venosa 213 

stereoblock 365 

steroidal saponin glycosides 75 

stigmasterol 208, 215 

streptomyces 253 

stretching 461 

strontium 353 

structure determination 41 

styrene 146, 435 

sub-micrometer particles 161 

succinic anhydrides 313 

sulfur 140 

sulphanilamide 100 

supported reagent 290 

supramolecular assembly 429 

surface modifcation 470 

surface plasmon resonance 113 

surface resistivity 463 

suspension polymerization 435 

SW982 247 

syncephalastrum racemosum 181 

synthesis 299 

T 

TADDOL 359 

tamiflu 62, 308 

tamiphosphor 62 

tap water 105 

TBBPA 144 

TD-DFT 84, 380 

tea waste 343 

Terminalia bellirica 239 

Terminalia chebula Retzius 239 

ternary catalysts 383 

ternary mixture 172 

tetracycline 125 

tetradentate ligand 361 

tetralone 185 

testing chamber 147 

Thai edible plants 244 

Thai glutinous rice 221 

thermal dehydration kinetics 426 

thermochromism 448 

thermodynamic 395 

thianapthene 334 

thin film 371, 386, 408 

thin films 385 

thiophene 83, 85, 332, 336, 341

512 


thiophenequinone 333 

thiourea 394 

thiourea derivative 275 

three-component blends 452 

tin oxide 385, 386 

tin(II) alkoxides 375 

tin(II) complex 362 

tin(II) complexes 366 

Tin-carbon composites 89 

tissue culture 255 

titanium dioxide 348, 370 

titanium dioxide photocatalyst 80 

titanium oxalate complex 82 

titanium(IV) alkoxide 376 

tomato 138 

total phenolic content 221, 234 

total reducing sugars 175 

trace analysis 48, 56 

trace element 134 

trace metals 130 

transcriptional factors 277 

transesterification 324, 345, 360 

transesterification reactions 363 

transfection 292, 293 

transition state theory 375 

trehalose 132 

tremella fuciformis 268 

trichlorosilyl terminated monolayers 132 

triglyceride 257 

trigonostemon reidioides 214 

trikatu 257 

trimethyl tetradecyl ammonium 155 

triphenylamine 85, 428 

triphenylphosphine 399 

triply bridged dinuclear copper(II) compounds 424 

triterpene 293 

TRPV-1 303 

tryptamines 314 

tubetrap 146 

turbulence 379 

turmeric 169 

two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 259 

type 2 diabetes 283 

type I collagen 76 

tyrosinase 237 

U 

ultrasonic extraction 144 

unsaturated alcohols 320 

urethane acrylate oligomer 437 

urine 53 

ursolic acid 199 

UV absorption 273 

UV radiation continuous process 457 

UV region 358 

UVB induced damage 239 

UV-B radiation 265 

UV-curable coating 437 

UV-digestion 165 

UV-induced 470 

V 

vaccine 261 

vanadium 37 

Vapour generation 140 

Vernonia cinerea 243 

Vernonia scandens 215 

vibration 91 

Vigna radiana 309 

vinyl ester 321 

vinyl sulfones 317, 318 

vinylsilane 321 

virgin coconut oil 148, 352 

viscoelastic behavior 459, 462 

viscoelastic properties 460 

vitamin B12 164 

VOCs 147 

volatile oils 225 

voltammetry 129 

W 

waste water 232 

water samples 100 

waveform 128 

wet-spinning 178 

white mulberry 267 

white spot syndrome virus 56 

withdrawal 243 

wound healing 268 

X 

XANES 133 

xanthone 202, 204 

xanthones 180 

X-ray absorption near edge structure 77 

X-ray crystal structure 400, 401 

X-ray crystallography 275 

Xylaria sp. 184 

xylariales 185 

xylene 146 

Z 

zeolite Y 87 

zerumbone derivatives 298 

zinc diethyldithiocarbamate 166 

zinc oxide 371, 408 

Zingiber officinale 216 

Zingiber zerumbet Smith 298 

Zingiberaceae 191, 201, 205, 230, 231, 233 

Ziziphus mauritiana 66 

ZnO 120 

Zn–SWCNT 88 

ZrO 2 

crystals 90

Author Index

Author Index 

A 

A. Keawnoi 283 

Abdulwahab Salae 211 

Acharaporn Duangjai 227 

Achjana Khamthip 364 

Adisorn Tuantranont 112 

Aimee L. Boyle 36 

Aisah Tenngah 148 

Akio Tani 232 

Albrecht Berkessel 6 

Alisa Bueraheng 412 

Amnat Ruangchaiwat 120 

Amnuey Lertpuntawong 463 

A-monrat Thangthong 341 

Amornmart Jaratrungtawee 202 

Ampai Panthong 74, 189, 230 

Ampaithip Sookhom 256 

Anan Athipornchai 216 

Anan Ounaroon 234, 263 

Angkana Saovapakhiran 239, 299 

Anucha Racksanti 471 

Anuchit Thaemsuk 374 

Anukorn Phuruangrat 430, 431, 432 

Anurach Poloek 59 

Anurak Chankaew 144 

Anurat Wisitsoraat 112 

Anuruk Chailungka 215 

Aphinya Wongpia 259 

Apichai Santalad 45 

Apichai Thongtomroungrat 133 

Apichart Suksamrarn 66, 186, 214, 216, 287, 

289, 292, 293, 295, 305, 309 

Apidech Thongsom 97 

Apinpus Rujiwatra 429 

Apinya Navakhun 144 

Apiradee Terdputtakun 473 

Apisit Songsasen 347, 348, 349, 391 

Apiwat Baramee 300 

Apon Numnuam 113, 116, 117, 118 

Arthit Bunma 51 

Arthit Chairoungdua 287, 297 

Arthit Makarasen 213 

Arum Jedsadayanmata 265 

Arunee Kongsakphaisal 124 

Assadawoot Srikhaowa 92 

Atchaleeya Jinasan 384 

Atirada Boondech 260 

Atitaya Aree 360 

Atitaya Siripinyanond 47, 54, 48, 140, 

142, 159, 160, 161 

Atthawith Pakdee-asa 270 

B 

Bala Kishan Gorityala 328 

Banchob Sripa 250, 251 

Banchob Wanno 88, 393, 394 

Bandit Thong-On 441 

Benchapol Tunhoo 126 

Bengang Xing 31, 291 

Benjamin Bomastyk 20 

Benyanan Panwong 165 

Biing-Jiun Uang 25, 323 

Bo Mattiasson 115 

Bongkot Kulajit 457 

Boon-ek Yingyongnarongkul 287, 289, 292, 293 

Boonjira Rattanakornpitak 281, 444 

Boonsong Kongkathip 62, 63, 307, 308 

Boontana Wannalerd 347, 349 

Boontharika Thapsukhon 96 

Boonyawan Yoosuk 357 

Brendan P. Orner 36 

Brice Bouyssiere 48 

Bualan Khumpaitool 425 

Busra Yalapae 192 

C 

Caiyi Wei 288 

Cline Demougeot 248 

Chadchai Sorarutayangkoor 464 

Chaichan Sangdee 74 

Chaitip Wanichanon 152, 162 

Chaiyot Mukthung 281 

Chaiyun Taomali 283 

Chakkrapan Nerungsi 335, 337 

Chakrit Sirisinha 450, 459, 460, 462 

Chalayut Wongma 335 

Chaleowsak Khamwong 68 

Chalerm Ruangviriyachai 175 

Chalermpan Ngamsopasirisakun 348 

Chalobon Yoosook 199 

Chalor Limsuwan 142 

Chamaiporn Chalermwan 402 

Chamaiporn Inchoo 390 

Chanaiporn Danvirutai 419, 426, 427 

Chanchai Sattayanon 375 

Chanida Hunswasdi 240 

Chanita Khanantong 448 

Chanita Napaswad 199 

Chanita Ponglimanont 200, 211 

Chanokporn Phaosiri 329 

Chanpen Karuwan 112 

Chantana Boonyarat 65, 298 

Chanukorn Tabtimsai 88, 393 

Chao-Tsen Chen 59 

Charinrat Siritham 119 

Chariya Hahnvajanawong 181, 250, 251 

Chartchai Chaichana 257 

Chatchai Tayapiwatan 477, 478

514 


Chatchanok Karalai 200, 211, 413, 414, 415, 416 

Chatchavalee Kalumpahete 102 

Chatchawan Changtam 305 

Chaturong Suparpprom 70, 301 

Chatyapha Pongchan-o 481 

Chaval Sriwong 80 

Chaveng Pakawatchai 335, 399, 400, 401, 402 

Chavi Yenjai 65, 298 

Chawanee Thongpanchang 325 

Chen-Chau Chen 69 

Cheng-Hsun Wu 294 

Chi Wi Ong 32 

Chiba Shunsuke 67 

Chih-Chien Lee 38 

Chih-Hsien Yuan 38 

Chih-I Wu 38 

Chin-Ti Chen 38, 59 

Chittanon Buranachai 171 

Chittima Loohpongspaisan 476 

Cholpisut Tantapakul 210 

Chomchai Suksai 127 

Chongdee Thammakhet 57, 119, 145, 146, 171 

Chonticha Masusai 315 

Chotika Jeerapong 201 

Chuhui Huang 320 

Chulee Yompakdee 289 

Chuleerat Wongnarat 433 

Chulirat Phanyang 420 

Chun-Chen Liao 14, 312 

Chung-Yu Chen 306 

Chunyapuk Kukusamude 45 

Churanya Onlom 235 

Chutima Septhum 148 

Chutima Jiarpinitnun 339 

Chutima Kuhakarn 61, 189, 311, 313, 

315, 317, 318, 319, 322 

Chutima Septhum 176, 203, 352, 390, 395 

Courtney Starks 27 

D 

Dapawan Kunwong 437 

Darunee Chenkan 309 

Darunee Puangpornpitag 218, 221, 225, 226, 433 

Darunee Soorukram 61, 311, 313, 315 

Dawei Zhang 288 

Dewi Susanti 320 

Dickson Tung 288 

Dollapun Jittaboonruang 99 

Dolphawan Tanwilai 454 

Donraporn Daranarong 96 

Doungnapa Buapoola 229 

Duanghathai Panichakul 81 

Duangjai Nacapricha 53, 99, 104, 107, 106, 

108, 112, 121, 123, 126, 141 

Duangratchaneekorn Muenmart 60 

Duangrut Patamaraka 208 

Duangruthai Srinun 456 

Duenpen Unjaroen 333 

E 

Eakachai Singcom 147 

Ekaruth Srisook 187, 237, 241, 258, 262, 324 

Ekasith Somsook 354, 363, 364, 368, 384, 396 

F 

Fameera Madaka 233 

Fangwei Shao 34 

Feng-Lin Hsu 323 

Florian Schevenels 331 

Francesc Illas 424 

Franois Mathey 7, 81 

Frank Davis 58 

Frederic Muyard 248 

G 

Gabriela Valds Ramrez 57 

Ganchitchanug Sarasuk 205 

Gary Eldridge 17, 27 

Gillian M Greenway 109 

Gordon G. Wallace 178 

Guoan Luo 4 

H 

Haitao Zhang 35 

Hao-Chun Hsu 294 

Harry J. Whitlow 110 

Harry J. Wichers 240 

Hasan Dopo 373 

Hataichanoke Niamsup 244, 253, 259 

Hathai Sinaim 432 

Hidehiro Sakurai 40, 368 

Hidetoshi Tokuyama 29 

Hiroyuki Tanaka 75 

Hong Heng See 20 

Hoong-Kun Fun 413, 414, 416 

Howe-Siang Tan 91 

Hsien-Po Chiu 33 

Hsiou-Ting Kuo 294 

Hualiang Jiang 35 

Hyewon Seo 30 

Hyun-Joon Ha 26 

I 

Ibrio de P.R. Moreira 424 

Ingdao Rodleang 234 

Istvn E. Mark 24, 331 

J 

J. Sabine Becker 18 

Jacqueline K. Barton 34 

James J. De Voss 9 

Janchai Yana 86 

Janeeya Kunchalee 380 

Janjira Rujirawanich 63 

Jannarin Nontakham 204 

Janthima Jaresitthikunchai 257, 258 

Jantiwa Songsungkan 143

4-7 May 2011 515 

Janyaporn Sirikarn 167 

Jarinthon Sonprasit 200 

Jariya Sakayaroj 64, 180, 182, 184, 185, 254 

Jariyavadee Suriyaphan 142 

Jaroon Jakmunee 98, 130, 131 

Jarupa Viyoch 228, 236, 238, 265, 266, 269 

Jaruwan Donthuan 153 

Jaruwan Saelor 125 

Jatuporn Chaichana 139 

Jay S. Siegel 15 

Jaya Kishore Vandavasi 22 

Jeh-Jeng Wang 22, 306 

Jenjira Somkeaw 253 

Jetsuda Areephong 335 

Jian Zhang 310 

Jimei Ma 328 

Jinda Khemprasit 417, 420, 425 

Jindaporn Saelim 146 

Jintana Klamtet 135 

Jirapa Chantiman 258 

Jiraporn Arunpanichlert 185 

Jiraporn Krasaetep 221 

Jiraroj T-Thienprasert 133 

Jirasit Inthorn 271 

Jirayu Bautong 179 

Jirayu Sitanurak 53, 121 

Jitlada Vichapong 156 

Jitladda Sakdapipanich 455, 456, 457, 

458, 464, 474, 475 

Jitra Kasisit 199 

Jittima Charoenpanich 151, 232 

Jittra Kornsakulkarn 325 

Jonggol Tantirungrotechai 353, 357, 

358, 359, 360 

Jongjit Jantra 115 

Joseph A. Beavo 228 

Joseph Wang 57 

Jukkarin Srivilai 279 

Julaluck Tang-um 253 

Jumnain Putpan 385 

Jutatip Kwankaew 266 

Juthamanee Youkwan 195 

Juthatip Jeenkeawpieam 254 

Juwadee Shiowatana 47, 48, 54, 140, 

142, 159, 160, 161 

K 

Kahnokkan Kedkoedklao 407 

Kajornsak Faungnawakij 357 

Kamonchanok Chakuton 218 

Kamonthip Sereenonchai 99 

Kanarat Nalampang 374 

Kanchana Uraisin 79, 102, 104, 107, 126, 141 

Kanda Panthong 190, 193 

Kanidtha Hansongnern 404, 405, 409, 

410, 411, 412 

Kanitha Sangsorn 177 

Kanittaporn Trisat 245 

Kanlayanee Boonla 466 

Kannika Hatthapanit 462 

Kannika Sitthisuwannakul 361 

Kanogwan Tohdee 190 

Kanokkorn Sirithip 83 

Kanokorn Wechakorn 282 

Kanokrat Charoenpornpukdee 145 

Kanokwan Thongsuriwong 371 

Kanyaporn Adpakpang 89 

Karoon Sadorn 335, 337 

Karuna Jainontee 172 

Kasem Soytong 181 

Kate Grudpan 19, 51, 98, 156, 172 

Kawaleen Thuamklang 159 

Keerati Tanruean 219 

Ken W. L. Yong 9 

Kessarin Ngamdee 122 

Ketsarin Seebunrueng 155 

Kewalin Inthanon 96 

Khamphee Phomphrai 362, 365, 366, 367, 481 

Khanit Suwanborirux 228 

Khanitha Pudhom 216 

Khanitha Roongwitwathunyoo 292 

Khatcharin Siriwong 87, 419, 424, 476 

Khemika Lomthaisong 259 

Khrongkwan Monprasart 212 

Khwannapha Rattanadaecha 166 

Khwanta Kaewnarin 244 

Khwunjit Itsarasook 236 

Kingkaew Chayakul 77 

Kitjanit Neranon 337 

Kitsada Pitija 221 

Kittitat Tanta 174 

Klaokwan Srisook 229, 237, 241, 258, 262 

Kochaporn Chullasat 118 

Korakot Navakhun 392 

Kornkanok Ingkaninan 73, 75, 76, 227, 228, 

235, 236, 248, 264, 270, 271, 279 

Kotohiro Nomura 37 

Kovit Pattanapanyasat 251 

Kraivinee Pragourpun 163 

Krisana Jitmanee 46 

Krisana Klinchan 286 

Kritsada Tankanya 281 

Krongkarn Chootipsittiruk 257 

Kultida Jiamsomboon 220 

Kulvadee Dolsophon 325 

Kunwadee Rangsriwatananon 87 

Kun-Yang Wu 326 

Kunyaporn Pumduang 453 

Kuttaleeya Krongyut 434 

Kwanchanok Wanawananon 178 

Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul 181, 198, 209 

Kyo Han Ahn 30 

L 

Laddawan Potprommanee 252 

Laksanaporn Sirimusika 171

516 


Lalida Shank 244, 252, 255 

Lennie Klebanoff 3 

Leong Weng Kee 327 

Lihong Hu 35 

Lili Chen 35 

Liu Yu 327 

Lutz Ackermann 23 

M 

Makoto Ogawa 423 

Malinee Wongnawa 403, 407 

Maliwan Amatatongchai 123 

Malyn Chulasiri 239 

Man Theerasilp 93 

Manat Pohmakotr 61, 189, 199, 299, 311, 

313, 315, 317, 318, 319, 322 

Mangkorn Srisa-ard 465 

Manita Dumklang 78 

Manote Suteerawattananonda 242, 245, 246 

Manuchet Nillawong 450, 462 

Manuel Miro 130 

Marco Thomas Seidel 91 

Marisa Intawongse 136, 137, 158 

Mark O’Neil-Johnson 17, 27 

Marko Stojkovic 20 

Mary J. Garson 9 

Masafumi Unno 41 

Masami Furuuchi 398 

Maziar S. Ardejani 36 

Metha Rutnakornpituk 281, 440, 441, 

443, 444, 447 

Mi Eun Jun 30 

Min Li Leow 328 

Min Medhisuwakul 86 

Min-Fei Wu 38 

Ming-Huei Weng 294 

Ming-Jung Wu 21 

Mithun Santra 30 

Mongkol Buayairaksa 181 

Mongkol Sukwattanasinitt 448 

Mookda Pattarawarapan 290 

Motoki Yamane 321 

Mullika Palachot 241 

Muntana Nakornriab 218, 221, 225, 226 

N 

Nadtanet Nunthaboot 88 

Nakin Surapanich 322 

Namfon Baowthongkum 287 

Nantaka Khorana 238, 266, 279 

Nantawat Phonchan 426 

Nanteetip Limpeanchob 73, 261, 227, 240, 

242, 245, 246, 249 

Nanthanach Yathip 411 

Nanthaphong Khamthong 180 

Nantharak Rodkate 443 

Nanthawat Wannarit 424 

Nanthaya Kengkhetkit 467 

Nanthiya Paothong 152, 162 

Nantiya Bunbamrung 339 

Napa Tangtreamjitmun 101 

Napaporn Youngvises 52 

Napaporn Charoenram 202 

Narabhat Rannurags 111 

Nararak Leesakul 404, 405, 406, 

409, 410, 411, 412 

Narid Prachumruk 334, 340, 428 

Narong Nuntasaen 230 

Narongrit Sombatsompop 462 

Narumon Phaonakrop 257, 258 

Natee Srisawat 475 

Nathawut Choengchan 107 

Natshisa Mahattanadul 451 

Nattayaporn Reamyindee 75 

Natthakaln Lomchoey 66 

Natthakarn Chiranthanut 230 

Natthakarn Rahong 397 

Natthapat Sungchawek 189 

Natthawut Poomsila 260 

Natthida Weerapreeyakul 298 

Natthinee Anantachoke 250 

Nattisa Niyomtham 289 

Nattiya Reungtip 347 

Natwadee Eowjarern 403 

Nawarat Viriyakhasem 247 

Nawee Kungwan 84, 375 

Nawin Viriya-empikul 357 

Nedruthai Maichom 230 

Neti Waranuch 73, 76, 235, 270, 271, 274 

Ngampong Kongkathip 62, 63, 307, 308 

Nichapa Chanawungmuang 276 

Nikhom Naksupan 277 

Nikhom Wongsa 198 

Nipa Milintawisamai 346 

Nipaphat Charoenthai 90 

Nisachon Khunnawutmanotham 205, 213 

Nisanath Reenabthue 70 

Nisankorn Saewan 197 

Nithachcha Phonkeng 154 

Nithima Khaorapapong 423 

Nitipon Puttaraksa 110 

Nitirat Chimnoi 205, 213 

Nitra Nuengchamnong 248 

Nittaya Janthasing 332 

Nittaya Thaharn 138 

Nittaya Thuyweang 421 

Nittaya Toeyla 436 

Niwat Kaewseejan 225 

Niwat Promthong 68 

Niyom Wongsa 157 

Nolan Betterley 319 

Nongkran Duangsin 164 

Nonglak Khunoad 355 

Nongluksna Sriubolmas 183 

Nongnit Morakot 393, 394 

Nongnuch Sungayuth 108, 152, 162

4-7 May 2011 517 

Nonlawat Boonyalai 220 

Nontawat Bang-iam 168 

Nopakarn Chandet 219, 224 

Nopbhasinthu Patdhanagul 87 

Noppadon Manoyen 102 

Nopparat Vorapalawut 48 

Nopphawun Thubkhun 101 

Norased Nasongkla 93, 468, 469 

Nuanlaor Ratanawimarnwong 53, 106, 121 

Nuansri Rakariyatham 219, 244 

Nuchnipa Nuntawong 191 

Nuchutha Thamsumet 126 

Nuda Walam 404 

Nuengruethai Ekthammathat 431 

Nukanya Tokton 263 

Nungruthai Suphrom 73 

Nunnapus Laitip 52 

Nuntana Kasitanonc 74 

Nuttaporn Khumchoo 423 

Nuttara Lasakul 79 

Nuttawut Saelim 268, 277 

Nutthakran Wanlaso 194 

Nutthawat Chuanopparat 62, 307 

Nutthaya Butwong 43, 103 

Nutthiya Hanprasertpong 74 

O 

O. Vajragupta 283 

Olga A. Egorova 30 

On-Uma Kheowan 377, 378 

Opas Bunkoed 58 

Oranuch Yayapao 430 

Orapan Paecharoenchai 292 

Orapin Chienthavorn 110 

Orasa Patarapaiboolchai 80 

Orasa Suriyaphan 151 

Oratai Sukcharoen 186 

Orathai Supaphon 182, 185 

Orawan Chailapakul 124 

Orawan Geskeaw 208 

Orawan Kritsunankul 98 

Orawan Sirichote 480 

Orawan Thipmanee 116, 117 

Orn-anong Arquero 46, 100, 105, 177, 473 

Oskar Schett 17, 27 

P 

Padchanee Sangthong 239 

Padmanabhan Santhosh 57 

Paichittra Chaichana 398 

Paijit Klubsri 176 

Pairoje Kijjanapanich 219, 224 

Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit 50, 133, 195 

Pak-Hing Leung 39 

Pakpoom Ta-intorn 478 

Palangpon Kongsaeree 66, 275, 282 

Palita Kochpradist 342 

Panawan Suttiarporn 217 

Panchalika Deachamag 56 

Panida Wimuktiwan 160 

Pannapat Chotmongkolsap 359 

Panomwan Panseeta 66 

Panote Thavarungkul 56, 57, 58, 113, 

114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 

119, 125, 145, 146, 171 

Panthip Tue-ngeun 477 

Panuwan Chantawannakul 479 

Panwadee Wattanasin 99, 126 

Panya Sunintaboon 94, 382, 451, 453, 454 

Paradorn Wareesri 410 

Paratthakorn Iamaram 50 

Parawee Rattanakit 109 

Parichat Piromjitpong 365, 366 

Parinthorn Temyarasilp 316 

Parintip Rattanaburi 290 

Parintorn Eiamsa-ard 304 

Parinya Theramongkol 329, 330 

Parirat Khonsung 230 

Parneet Opaanasopit 292 

Pasuta Keeratiyapong 187 

Patama Udomsanti 255 

Pataranapa Nimtrakul 261 

Patcharaporn Jansrisewangwong 414 

Patcharee Jongnavakit 408 

Patcharee Klaiwattana 262 

Patcharin Chaisuwan 104, 121 

Patcharin Kaewmati 368 

Patcharin Kanhakeaw 444 

Patiwat Chaiyamate 175 

Patiya Pasakon 132 

Patoomratana Tuchinda 189, 199, 319 

Patsaya Songkhum 358 

Pattachai Pinnak 243 

Pattajaree Teabsaen 329 

Pattama Pittayakhajonwut 183, 325 

Pattara Sawasdee 228 

Paul L. Burn 341 

Paul M. Lahti 85 

Paveena Amornnopparattanakul 238 

Paweelada Prasertboonyai 100 

Pawel Pohl 48 

Pawinee Piyajaturawat 189 

Pawinee Pongwan 345 

Pawinee Theamdee 440 

Pawinee Wichienukul 62 

Peranart Jaimalai 224 

Perapong Tekasakul 398 

Petdaw Karoh 369 

Peter C. Hauser 20, 55 

Pharawee Thananupappaisal 357 

Philip Wai Hong Chan 320 

Phongphan Komthong 151 

Phonthipa Meephayoong 240 

Phoonthawee Saetear 121 

Phuchong Worarattananurak 166 

Phyroajne Janhom 124

518 


Pichaya Mungkornasawakul 147 

Pimpanitpa Kunthadong 452 

Pimpaporn Sriprang 480 

Pimphaka Wanasawas 239 

Pimpilai Fusawat 219 

Pirada Sudprasert 284 

Pitak Chuawong 276, 278, 280, 285, 286, 302 

Pitchayada Fuengfuloy 280 

Pitipreya Suauam 289 

Pitt Supaphol 96 

Pittayagorn Noisong 427 

Pittayaporn Boontakham 149 

Piyanete Chantiratikul 134 

Piyapong Jantaramas 399 

Piyaporn Mangsangkam 129 

Piyarat Nimmanpipug 86, 477, 478, 479 

Piyawan Phansi 99, 126 

Poachanee Norfun 105 

Po-An Yang 294 

Pongdhorn Saeoui 460, 462 

Pongpun Siripong 251 

Pongsak Lowmunkhong 133 

Pongsathorn Tongkasee 387 

Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk 371, 408 

Pongsopee Attasart 454 

Ponlayuth Sooksamiti 174, 177 

Pornpana Kornwongwan 189 

Pornpun Seelaphong 435 

Pornthip Tongying 406 

Pornwilard M-M 54 

Potchanee Pandokrak 71 

Pracha Cheajesadagul 142 

Prachya Kongtawelert 247 

Pradup Mesawat 140 

Praewpan Katrun 317 

Prapapan Temkitthawon 228 

Prapasinee Jirasukho 470 

Praphakorn Kaemchantuek 214 

Praphan Kenthao 386 

Prapin Wilairat 53, 55, 104 

Prapussorn wiengnon 169 

Prasath Kothandaraman 320 

Prasong Srihanam 433 

Pratanphorn Chuanprasit 396 

Pravit Sudkeaw 402 

Prayoon Songsiriritthigul 86 

Predaporn Yotmek 350 

Preecha Moonsin 428 

Preecha Promma 257 

Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul 356, 355, 361 

Prinya Masawat 49, 165, 168 

Proespichaya Kanatharana 56, 57, 58, 113, 

114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 

119, 125, 145, 146, 171 

Puchong Woraratananurak 403, 407 

Pumsak Ruanwas 416 

Punnee Asawatreratanakul 113, 115, 118 

Puongtip Kunanusorn 74, 230 

Purim Jarujamrus 142 

Purmpoon Maisopa 356 

Pusita Kuchaiyaphum 472 

Puttinan Meepowpan 78, 96, 215, 

252, 374, 375, 376 

Q 

Qing Shao 31 

R 

Rabiab Suwanpetch 161 

Rakchart Traiphol 90, 448 

Rakrudee Sarnthima 346 

Ramon Costa 424 

Ranu Sawangsri 392 

Rapeephan Thilanan 172 

Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit 152, 162 

Rassaniya Tabpla 348 

Ratchanaporn Chokchaisiri 214 

Ratchanee Kumlue 268 

Ratchaniwan Sutthangkul 474 

Ratsami Lekphrom 209 

Rattha Noorat 275 

Raveevan Jittopas 204 

Rawiphong Wongnin 417 

Reon Somana 273 

Richard P. Cheng 33, 294 

Ridhaned Wattanawiboonkid 95 

Robert Molloy 78, 96, 376, 452 

Rodjana Burakham 45, 103, 134, 

154, 156, 157 

Romrawee Pratumwieng 422 

Ronald Beckett 152, 162 

Rongli Fan 36 

Rossukon Sittipout 134 

Ruangrat Choommongkol 252 

Ruangsri Watanesk 471, 472 

Ruchanok Tearavarich 314 

Rueansap Charoenphon 343 

Rukkiat Jitkati 387 

Rungnapha Saeeng 297 

Rungsit Lunda 90 

Russell Williams 27 

Ruthairat Nimthong 400 

Ruttapoom Kalah 458 

Ruttiya Thongrung 249 

Ryszard Lobinski 48 

S 

S. Jankan 283 

Sadanan Kerdpocha 367 

Saifon Kullyakool 419 

Saisunee Liawruangrath 44, 109, 100, 105, 

111,120, 124, 178 

Sakonwun Praputbut 227, 249 

Sakravee Punsay 334 

Saksit Chanthai 138, 143, 150, 173 

Saluma Samanman 56, 116

4-7 May 2011 519 

Samang Mogkhuntod 213 

Samran Prabpai 66, 275 

Sanit Thongnest 296 

Sanoe Chairam 123 

Saowanit Saithong 401 

Saowapak Teerasong 99 

Saranya Laolapha 187 

Saranyoo Klaiklay 179 

Saranyu Khammuang 346 

Sarawut Oo-Puthinan 248 

Sarawut Tontapha 88, 393 

Sarin Sriprang 135 

Sariyarach Thanasansurapong 199 

Sarot Cheenpracha 196, 197, 201, 210 

Sasinan Janya 107 

Sasinida Khongchamdee 363 

Sasiprapa Krongdang 479 

Sasiprapa Naraphan 439 

Sasithorn Klinsakorn 295 

Sathid Aimjongjun 242 

Sathit Buadam 184 

Sawait Naknil 346 

Sayant Saengsuwan 60, 338, 342, 345, 

379, 380, 381, 387, 434 

Seamus P.J. Higson 58 

Senee Kruanetr 68, 97, 120, 129, 163, 164, 169 

Seri Mahavichad 175 

Shao-Chian Hsu 323 

Shi-Jay Yeh 38 

Shindanai Yairaya 267 

Shuleewan Rajviroongit 183 

Shun-Wei Liu 38 

Shuting Cai 328 

Simon D. Brandt 314 

Simon E. Moulton 178 

Siraprapa Meerod 447 

Sirikan Kannai 182 

Sirinart Preecha 108 

Sirintra Potjanasopa 340 

Siripit Pitchuanchom 298 

Siriporn Jungsuttiwong 60, 83, 84, 85, 332, 334, 

336, 338, 340, 341, 342, 

345, 379, 380, 387, 428 

Siriporn Kongniyai 324 

Siriporn Yodbuntung 141 

Siriprapa Khuajan 247 

Sirirat Chancharunee 239, 299 

Siriwan Ongchai 247 

Siriwan Praban 362 

Siroj Jitsurong 114 

Sita Preedanon 180 

Sittichai Phanjamnong 418 

Sittipong Amnuaypanich 95, 470 

Sittiruk Roytrakul 257, 258, 260 

Siwanant Thaiwitcharoen 388 

Siwaporn Meejoo Smith 79, 92, 102, 397 

Siwat Thungprasert 383 

Somboon Sahasithiwat 337 

Somchai Keawwangchai 88 

Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun 51, 174 

Somchai Pisutcharoenpong 205 

Somchai Thongtem 430, 431, 432 

Somdej Kanokmedhakul 181, 198, 209 

Somkieath Jenjob 94 

Somkit Pencharee 98 

Somphop Morada 379 

Sompop Taebuanhuad 389 

Somporn Chantara 139, 147 

Somporn Tojai 148, 350, 351, 352 

Somsak Ruchirawat 66 

Somsorn Singkarat 110 

Somying Leelasubcharoen 418, 421 

Somyote Sutthivaiyakit 50, 133, 195, 207, 296 

Sontaya Sookying 248 

Soon Hyeok Hong 310 

Sopanat Kongsriprapan 319 

Sophit Khanthawong 235 

Sorasak Lhieochaiphuntd 74 

Sornthep Vannarat 86 

Souwalak Phongpaichit 64, 179, 180, 182, 

184, 185, 254, 256 

Srisuda Patamma 365, 366 

Stephen G. Pyne 28 

Stephen Sanjaya 67 

Suchada Chantrapromma 211, 413, 414, 415, 416 

Suchada Samrit 121 

Suchaya Komolwanich 150 

Suchaya Pongsai 284 

Sugunya Wongpornchai 149, 217, 222, 

223, 259, 343 

Sujanya Jitlang 170 

Sujittra Poorahong 57 

Sujittra Yongme 418, 424, 427 

Sukanpirom Siritam 409 

Sukkid Yasothornsrikul 257, 260 

Sukon Phanichphant 120 

Sukon Prasitwattanaseree 172 

Sukontip Wutthisan 150 

Sumetha Suwanboon 371, 408 

Sumonmarn Chan-Eam 121 

Sumpun Wongnawa 80, 82, 369, 370, 372, 

373, 407, 372, 402, 403, 480 

Sumrit Wacharasindhu 448 

Sunan Saikrasun 466 

Sunan Wichitkhachee 445 

Sunanta Sawasdee 256 

Sunanta Wangkarn 44 

Sunantha Hengrasmee 77, 87 

Sunee Chinkort 352 

Sung Ho Kang 10 

Sunisa Akkarasamiyo 62, 308 

Sunit Suksamrarn 66, 202, 204 

Supalak Kongsri 173 

Supalax Srijaranai 45, 103, 128, 153, 155, 156 

Supamas Yodbutr 113 

Supanimit Chiampanichayakul 317

520 


Supanimit Teekachunhatean 74 

Supanit Porntheeraphat 126 

Supanna Techasakul 205, 213 

Supannee Phothongkam 299 

Supannee Sankoh 116 

Supaporn Dawan 114 

Supaporn Dokmaisrijan 86 

Suparin Chaiklangmuang 343 

Suparinthon Anupong 378 

Supat Buddee 372 

Supat Charoensilp 460 

Supatra Wangsoub 442 

Supatsa Sriraksa 137 

Supatsorn Chuelee 273 

Supavadee Kiatisevi 132 

Supawadee Namuangruk 84 

Suphachock Upalee 44 

Supichar Chokpaiboonc 216 

Supinya Tewtrakul 231, 233 

Supranee Kaewpirom 437, 446 

Supunnee Duangthong 166 

Surachai Siripat 455 

Surachai Thacheepan 348 

Suradej Hongeng 468 

Suradwadee Thungmungmee 264 

Surajit Tekasakul 398 

Surangkhana Martwiset 43 

Surasak Watanesk 471, 472 

Surat Laphookhieo 196, 197, 201, 210 

Surawat Jariyawat 189 

Sureeporn Homvisasevongsa 295, 309 

Sureerat Sanguthai 135 

Sutatip Jiansiri 370 

Sutatip Pongcharoan 240, 246 

Suthasinee Boonchiangma 45, 128 

Suthasinee Naknoi 351 

Suthep Wiyakrutta 183 

Suthisa Ngoenruangrote 131 

Suthon Chuaygud 136, 158, 176 

Suttilak Suktanarak 446 

Suwaporn Luangkamin 189, 217, 223 

Suwarunee Kaeokhongsuk 158 

Suwat Pabchanda 385, 386 

Suwimon Suebka 285 

Suxia Yan 91 

Swanya Yakaew 265 

T 

Tammanoon Rungsang 269 

Tanawat Duangkum 49 

Tanika Khanasa 85 

Tanin Tudrabiab 82 

Tanongsak Rachyotha 226 

Tararat Chanlen 469 

Tasana Pitaksuteepong 264, 267 

Tashica T. Williams 34 

Tassaporn Sawangphon 318 

Tawahchai Thongkongkaew 183 

Tawanun Sripisut 196 

Taweechai Amornsakchai 461, 463, 

466, 467, 449 

Taweesak Sudyoadsuk 60, 83, 85, 332, 334, 

336, 338, 340, 341, 342, 345, 

379, 380, 381, 387, 428, 434 

Teadkait Kaewpuang 336 

Teerachai Punirun 311 

Teeratad Sudsai 231 

Teerawut Bootwicha 61 

Teraboon Pojanagaroon 46 

Thanakorn Pluangklang 106 

Thanasak Teaktong 243 

Thanawadee Leejarkpaid 452 

Thanawat Jumepaeng 150 

Thanet Laorob 303 

Thanh Duc Mai 20 

Thanida Trakulsujaritchok 435, 436, 

438, 439, 445 

Thanisorn Yakhanthip 84 

Thanita Sutthatang 442 

Thanya Rukkijakan 302 

Thapana Orachun 274 

Thapanee Sarakonsri 89, 383 

Thapanee Wongpredee 449 

Thararat Moonta 104 

Thassanee Romin 405 

Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin 413 

Thawatchai Tuntulani 43, 122, 127 

Thaworn Jaipetch 189, 318 

Theerawat Naowanon 381 

Thidarat Riyathong 255 

Thipphawan Chuprajob 305 

Thirapat Vilaithong 86 

Thita Yodsawad 206 

Thitaporn Kwanprachatham 382 

Thitima Lhinhatrakool 207 

Thitima Rujiralai 167, 170 

Thitiphong Khumkhen 301 

Thitipone Suwunwong 415 

Thitiporn Sahagunboonyarak 250 

Thitirat Mantim 20, 55, 107 

Thitiya Sunonnam 338 

Thomas A. Cornell 36 

Thongchai Kruahong 201 

Thongchai Kruahong 203, 208 

Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom 210 

Tienkul Kangwanwong 391 

Tienthong Thongpanchang 325, 333, 

335, 337, 339 

Timothy J. Prior 429 

Tinakorn Sriseadka 149 

Tingting Jiang 31 

Tinnagon Kaewin 60, 83, 85, 332, 334, 336, 

338, 340, 341, 342, 345, 

379, 380, 387, 428, 434 

Tipaporn Srithanratana 77, 87, 426 

Tippawan Duangsong 186

4-7 May 2011 521 

Tirayut Vilaivan 70, 116 

Titikan Somboon 377 

Titipun Thongtem 120, 430, 431, 432 

Toshio Fuchigami 8 

Tuanjai Noipa 43, 122 

Tula Thongthoom 65 

U 

Ubolluk Rattanasak 388, 389 

Ubonta Sommart 64 

Udomchai Tewasekson 354 

Ukkarapong Krompo 204 

Uma Prawat 196, 197, 201, 210 

Unchulee Chaveerach 422 

Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai 397 

Urai Tengjaroenkul 139 

Uraiwan Sirimahachai 372 

Uraiwan Songsiang 65, 298 

Usarat Kumtabtim 47 

Uthai Sakee 68, 97, 129, 163, 164, 169 

Uthai Wichai 281, 299, 303, 304, 442, 444 

Uthaiwan Sirion 297, 324 

Uthumporn Thanyacharoen 232 

Utisawadee Khamjumphol 127 

V 

Vachiraporn Ajavakom 71 

Vallaya Sutthikhum 273 

Vannajan Sanghiran Lee 86, 172, 477, 478, 479 

Vannapha Pharikronburee 313 

Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul 64, 179, 180, 182, 

184, 185, 206, 212, 254, 256 

Veerapol Kukongviriyapan 209 

Verapong Vuthiphandchai 262 

Vichai Reutrakul 61, 188, 199, 230, 250, 251, 

311, 313, 315, 317, 318, 319, 322 

Vijittra Leardkamolkarn 217 

Vinich Promarak 60, 83, 85, 332, 334, 336, 

338, 340, 341, 342, 345, 

379, 380, 387, 428, 434 

Visakha Chunhakorn 110 

Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti 88, 393 

Vituruch Goodwin 353 

Viwat Hahnvajanawong 314, 329, 330 

Vorravee Kongkun 213 

W 

Wachiraphon Arlai 275 

Wachiraporn Khewmung 46 

Walailak Puetpaiboon 372, 404, 405, 

409, 410, 411, 412 

Walailak Songrak 136 

Wanachat Chaiyasan 272 

Wanchai Meesiri 99 

Wanchai Pluempanupat 316, 391 

Wandee Rakrai 394 

Wanita Powsakul 130 

Wanlapa Chitchiaranai 349 

Wanlaya Uthaisang 187 

Wannaporn Chate 191 

Wannarong Khamlao 468 

Wannita Lerdcheewanan 475 

Wanpen Khongpet 98 

Wan-Ping Hu 22 

Wanthani Paengsri 300 

Wanwisa Janrungroatsakul 127 

Warakorn Limbut 118, 113, 116, 117, 125 

Warapon Sinananwanich 335 

Waraporn Kaewkon 246 

Waraporn Parasuk 391 

Waraporn Putalun 75 

Waraporn Threeprom 52 

Warawut Tiyapongpattana 107 

Waree Tiyaboonchai 234, 246, 261, 263, 272 

Waret Veerasai 141, 152, 162 

Wasana Runrueng 406 

Watcharabhorn Thaharn 61 

Watcharapong Chumpolsri 223 

Watcharaporn Chaiyatoom 476 

Watoo Phrompittayarat 75, 248 

Wattana Ruangwut 401 

Weerah Wongkham 96 

Wei-Li Lee 326 

Wei-Ren Wang 294 

Wichuda Nanthakasri 465 

Wijitra Meelua 376 

Wijitra Waengdongbung 330 

Wijittra Nittayajaiprom 239 

Wilai Noonpakdee 454 

Wilaiporn Chetanachan 1 

Wilairat Cheewasedtham 166, 167, 170 

Wilaiwan Chotigeat 56, 114 

Wilaiwan Somchue 54 

Wilawan Mahabusarakam 192, 194 

Win Bunjongpru 126 

Winita Punyodom 78, 96, 374, 

375, 376, 452, 472 

Wipavee Thumrongpatanaraks 481 

Wipawadee Budda 346 

Wipharat Chaiyasit 49 

Wiphawadee Thongnak 438 

Wirawan Anuin 203 

Wirot Likittrakulwong 278 

Wisanu Maneerat 197, 201 

Wisarin Nakwatchara 461 

Wisith Saejew 293 

Wissanukorn Puthabaln 251 

Witaya Sungkarat 93 

Witphon Thosaikham 134 

Wittaya Ngeontae 43, 103, 122, 127, 128 

Worapan Pormsila 20 

Wudtichai Wisuitiprot 76 

X 

Xu Shen 35 

Xue-Wei Liu 328

522 


Y 

Yada Sirichan 297 

Yanawath Santaladchaiyakit 155 

Yanmei Yang 291 

Yanni Yue 321 

Yaowalak Charoensuk 237 

Yaowapa Sukpondma 206, 212 

Yaowarat Surakhot 338, 380 

Yasutomo Takeuchi 295, 309 

Ye Mei 288 

Yew Mun Yip 288 

Yi-Jen Weng 294 

Yiming Wang 4 

Yingruk Pray-in 281 

Yodpradthana Samana 459 

Yodthong Baimark 465 

Yong-Suk Cho 30 

Yootdanai Yodtongdee 174 

Yossawat Rayanasukha 126 

Yothin Chimupala 429 

Yu Zhang 36 

Yu-Cheng Yeh 25 

Yu-Han Tsao 25 

Yung-Ting Chang 38 

Yuranan Srisud 193 

Yu-Tai Tao 5, 326 

Yuthana Tantirungrotechai 406 

Yuthapong Udnan 49 

Yuwakorn Sensri 123 

Yuwarat Inchue 395 

Yu-Yu Choua 312 

Z 

Zhengyang Zhang 91 

Zhu-Jun Yao 16 

Zit Boonchuchauy 353

Comments 

on 

PERCH Congress VI

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 

Comments on PERCH Congress VI 

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ 

May 3-6, 2009, Pattaya by Foreign Participants 

Prof. Berhanu M. Abegaz 

Chemistry Department, University of Botswana 

Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Botswana, Gaborone, Pvt. Bag UB00704 

Tel: (267) 355 2506/2831 Fax: (267) 355 2836 E-mail: abegazb@mopipi.ub.bw 

I am writing to formally thank you for the opportunity given to us to take part at 

the PERCH-CIC Congress VI held in Pattaya, Thailand during 3-6 May 2009. I also want to 

submit to you my thoughts and observations on the congress. 

The most striking and interesting aspect of the congress, and what indeed, surprised 

me immensely, is the focus on young people and the wide opportunity it gave for scientific 

interaction between and among the international visitors and the students. The fact that the 

international visitors were encouraged and urged to listen to the presentations, ask questions 

and make suggestions; the provision of a large number of poster boards, and the two opportunities 

(during two days) made it possible for us to examine most, if not all of them. Students were 

very keen to explain what they were doing and also were eager to get our feedbacks. Both 

scientific contents and the preparations of the posters are of international standard. 

The selection of international speakers was also interesting for me. Besides the 

geographical breadth that was covered, one can also notice the age variation among the 

speakers as well. I believe that the quality was also such that there was much room for 

students to be inspired to become leaders in their field and also tackle problems. There 

were also opportunities to forge professional relationships between Thai scientists and the 

visiting international scientists as well as among Thai scientists themselves. In this regard I 

would be interested in developing some sort of collaboration with students and junior staff 

of any of the universities. What we can offer would be fairly modern instrumentation –

524 


such as NMR, MS, and HPLC-CD. As you know, we do have such instrumentation and as 

the number of scientists here is rather limited, there may be opportunities for visitors to 

have easy access to the facilities. I may also be able to send one of two of my students if 

there is interest to host them. The AFASSA program (www.AFASSA.org) may be tapped for 

financial support for this purpose. 

From my perspective the Congress was well organized. We were well informed in 

advance and information was sent to us, which gave us all the details that we needed to 

know. Accordingly we did not have to write to get information, as is usually the case with 

other organizations. We were met at the airport, taken to the hotel, collected from the 

hotels and taken to see fascinating palaces and temples. The meetings started almost on 

time and ended as scheduled. Powerpoint presentations worked flawlessly. It was interesting 

to see also the projections at the entrance of the lecture rooms during parallel sessions) 

which showed who was speaking, so that one does not disturb an on-going session. The Congress 

documentation is also done well. The quality of the graphics and reprography is excellent. 

The oral presentations are well prepared and delivered with great confidence. I also 

noted that some of the presenters were struggling with the English language. But they get the 

credit for trying. They did. Indeed one of the purposes of the congress is to emphasize the need 

to enhance one’s ability to enhance competence in this multilingual and multicultural world.

4-7 May 2011 525 

Biing-Jiun Uang 

Professor of Chemistry and Director of Instrumentation Center 

National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300 

Email: bjuang@mx.nthu.edu.tw 

Congratulations to you and your colleagues that the PERCH-CIC VI Congress was 

very successful. We appreciated your kind invitation to participate the Congress and warm 

hospitality during the Congress Period. The Chemistry and the presentation of your 

students are very impressive. Your students speak English quite well. I am impressed by their 

performance. It was a very enjoyable and memorable Congress. The high standard of the 

Congress is very difficult to achieve by other people. 

With your enthusiasm, the interaction between Thailand and Taiwan Organic Chemists 

is moving forward. We are looking forward to the future collaborations.

526 


Chien-Tien Chen 

Professor and Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, 

National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 

This is my first time to visit Thailand on the occasion of the PERCH-CIC VI congress. 

It was truly my pleasure to meet with some renowned chemists and thoughtful hosts from 

domestic universities in Thailand and with world-leading representatives from US, South 

Korea, Japan, UK, Belgium, Germany, and Australia. The key impressions first come to my 

mind are that each university has their own research specialities and flavors. I have 

witnessed the on-going progresses of researches not only from some famous professors but 

also from some relatively young and enthusiastic chemists around the age of 40s in 

Thailand. Beside their adorable cultural performance during the banquet, I am very much 

impressed by the oral and poster presentation put forth by the graduate students. Their 

communication skills both in terms of vocal and scientific sense are in general well above 

the average among east and south-east Asia community. However, like most graduate 

students in this part of the world, they tend to be a little awkward and a bit shy in 

comprehending and answer questions from the audience. Nevertheless, I enjoyed the discussions 

with them and sensed strongly their delicate and eager mind of managing their 

research topic. 

The timely investment in higher education in chemistry, central theme of science at 

21 st century, in building up a well-defined program of innovation and excellence in 

Thailand is a superb move by these senior chemists. Preliminary integration of chemistry 

with nanoscience, materials, pharmaceutical, and bio researches in the conference has shed 

some light on the sustainable future of the environment and energy. I am looking forward 

to seeing the further progress in that aspect in the next PERCH-CIC congress. 

I would like to congratulate Professor Vichai Reutrakul, Manat Pohmakotr, organizing 

committee, and their team members for realizing such a remarkable and scientific 

program. Their forefront vision and desire to consolidate the essential elements of 

chemistry research in Thailand will definitely encourage the young generation to be part of 

the prosperous and vital mainstream in international community for the years to come.

4-7 May 2011 527 

Chun-Chen Liao, Chair Professor 

Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli 32023, Taiwan 

Email: ccliao@cycu.edu.tw 

The PERCH-CIC Congress VI is of great success both scientifically and socially. The 

venue at the Jomtien Palm Beach Hotel & Resort Pattaya, Chonburi is superb, and the 

program is excellent. There are ca. 850 participants, mainly Thai students and professors 

and some from foreign countries such as Australia, Belgium, Botswana, Germany, Israel, 

Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. There 

are 15 participants from Taiwan including 8 professors and 7 students. 

I am impressed by the students’ excellent performance. They speak fluent English. 

In addition to the plenary lectures, there are three sessions: analytical technologies (S1), 

innovation in bioactive natural products and synthesis (S2), and material science and 

nanotechnology (S3). I attend the S2 sessions, S2-O and S2-P. The oral presentations are 

well prepared and beautifully delivered. The slides are of high quality and the communication 

skills are generally good. The posters are also well and beautifully prepared. The students 

presenting the posters are keen to stand by the posters and to answer questions. The oral 

and poster presentations reveal that the students know how to use the modern sophisticated 

instruments, such as HPLC, mass and NMR spectrometers, and computational chemistry to 

solve their problems. The chemistry related to natural products such as isolation, structural 

elucidation, and bioassay is the main efforts; the synthetic work including structural modification 

and the synthesis of natural products and synthetic methodology seems to be the minor. 

The Congress provides a grand opportunity for the students to present their research 

results to the participating foreign and domestic professors and students. It is a good 

experience, practice and training for each of them. Their performances are generally 

excellent. The success of this Congress results from the fruitful achievements of the PERCH-CIC 

program. Education, especially the higher education, is of the most importance for the 

future developments of a country. The PERCH-CIC program was designed to upgrade the 

quality of university education and researches in chemistry in Thailand. The reports and 

performance by the students and the contents of the oral and the poster presentations in 

the Congress reveal the outstanding success of the program, and the original goals of the 

program have been accomplished. Totally, 13 universities join the Program, the impact and 

influence of the successful results of this program to the Country will be profound and 

deep. I congratulate Professor Vichai Reutrakul, Professor Manat Pohmakotr, and the 

organizing committee for the great success of the Congress, and also to all the professors 

and student fellows participating in the Program for their important scientific efforts and 

contributions and the wonderful performance on the stage in the banquet that make the 

Congress so extraordinarily successful. 

As a participant from Taiwan, I wish the interaction and the cooperation between 

the chemistry communities in Thailand and Taiwan will be further enhanced in the future. 

Finally I would like to take this advantage to thank Professor Vichai Reutrakul, Professor 

Manat Pohmakotr, and the organizing committee for inviting us to attend the PERCH-CIC 

Congress VI and their warmest hospitalities.

528 


Istvn E. Mark 

Department of Chemistry, University Catholique de Louvain 

Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 

Tel: 32(10) 47 87 73 Fax: 32(10)47 27 88 Email: istvan.marko@uclouvain.be 

The PERCH-CIC Congress VI, held in Pattaya (Thailand) from May 3 rd till May 6 th 2009 

has been a fabulous meeting, with a remarkable level of student and faculty participations 

and quality. Indeed, I have been honoured to participate at several PERCH Congresses 

before and, from all of them, this one has been the most memorable. Over the years, I have 

been fortunate to see how much the quality of the Thai students has improved. Their 

presentations are clear and concise, with an excellent balance of reference to previous 

work and development of original contribution. The quality of the materials displayed is 

excellent and the slides contain the right amount of information. They are not overcrowded 

with information and the researchers use the PowerPoint program with great ability. 

One of several improvements that have taken place over the years, is the quality of 

the English employed by the students during their talk. It is clear and precise and the choice 

of words is usually perfect. It is quite evident that they have thought a lot about what to say 

and what messages have to be given per slide. The only remaining difficulty is to convince 

them to use English regularly. Only by repeated training will they acquire some of the 

automatisms that are the basis of the appropriation of a spoken language. In any case, this 

is a minor point which, I have no doubt, will be resolved in the future. 

But, even more importantly, the quality of the science being presented has significantly 

increased. It has now definitely reached a state where we can easily say that the quality of 

the research performed by Thai students equals, and sometimes, is even better than most 

sciences presented at international congress by other researchers Worldwide. I have been 

particularly impressed to see, besides natural product extraction, bioassay and structure 

determination, some excellent synthetic methodology and some work clearly directed towards 

total synthesis. All the students understood and mastered their science. They could always 

reply to the questions asked and provide appropriate answers. 

All in all, the benefits of the PERCH meetings is now becoming clearly evident and 

it is much to the honour of those who initiated, established and pursued this venture that 

due credit should be given. The PERCH congress is a fabulous opportunity for academics 

and students to meet and mingle and a splendid incentive for all to improve even further. 

I wholeheartedly support this programme and hope that it will continue for many more 

years to come.

4-7 May 2011 529 

Impression on PERCH-CIC Congress VI 

Jim-Min Fang 

Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan 

This is the first time that I am able to attend the Congress organized by the Center 

for Innovation in Chemistry in Thailand. Although I have already visited Thailand for 

several times, I did not have much idea about this congress before I came here. However, 

I am really impressed by this successful conference at the moment I enter the lecture hall. 

I begin to realize that the universities consortium in Thailand has play an important role to 

promote the graduate education and research. 

This congress has attracted more than 850 enthusiastic local and foreign participants. 

Their lectures and posters have shown the strength of chemical science in Thailand. I enjoy 

listening to lectures and oral presentations, and the discussions are stimulating. I am 

particularly impressed by the posters presented by students. All the posters are meticulously 

prepared to convey their research results. Due to my own background, I have spent more 

time on the posters of natural products and synthetic chemistry. The students are eager to 

explain their results and share discussions with me. In my opinion, they are well educated 

and trained in chemical science. They are blessed to have opportunity to interact with 

scholars in international conferences such as this wonderful PERCH-CIC Congress, not only 

to demonstrate their talents but also to establish good connections in their careers. 

I also appreciate the warm hospitality by Thai people and your great effort to make 

this congress very successful.

530 


Mary Garson 

Professor of Chemistry and Deputy Head of School, 

School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland 

Ph: 07-3365-3605 Fax: 07-3365-4273 E-mail: m.garson@uq.edu.au 

I am writing to make some comments on the recent PERCH-VI conference held in 

Pattaya from May 3-6 2009. 

I have now attended three successive PERCH meetings, and have enjoyed each of 

them tremendously. This year there were over 800 Thai delegates, and close to 30 overseas 

delegates, making a total of about 850 total delegates. This meeting may well be the largest 

student-focused science meeting of its kind held anywhere in the world. This is a very 

significant achievement. 

The quality of the student presentations was exceptional; there were some very 

inventive Powerpoint displays, and some excellent talks. Each meeting, I have noticed 

increased scope and technical depth in the student presentations, and more confidence 

in answering scientific questions from overseas delegates. This ever-growing awareness of 

international standards in the chemical sciences, and the very high standard of training 

delivered to the students by the Thai academic mentors is a very significant outcome of the 

PERCH program. I did not attend the session on industrial research collaborations, but this 

is a very worthwhile section of the PERCH program that should continue to receive the 

attention that it deserves. 

The selection of overseas speakers was also impressive - a number of eminent scientists 

attended the meeting, and it was particularly noticeable that they stayed for the entire 

meeting, testament to both the quality of the science and the quality of the hospitality. 

There were two poster sessions that were each an exercise in scientific stamina 

owing to the number of excellent posters on display; I held stimulating discussions with a 

number of the student presenters. It was really very difficult to select the best posters for 

the student awards. 

On trips to Thailand, I always learn. I learn humility since I know that I could never 

give a science talk in Thai. I also learn again how to smile, something which often seems to 

get neglected elsewhere in my busy professional life. This year, I was amazed by the creativity of 

each university group’s song and dance display at the conference party, and by the quality 

of the entertainment. Mind you, listening to over 800 excited Thais shouting at the tops of 

their voices during the draw for raffle prizes was quite something. You all really know how 

to party well! 

I understand that the PERCH has now been running for a number of years, and is 

reaching the end of Phase II. The number of universities participating in the Consortium 

has increased in this second phase, leading to a greater number of regional universities now

4-7 May 2011 531 

“finding their feet” in academic chemistry, and developing academic research and training 

programs relevant to the needs of their students, and to the needs of the Thai knowledge 

economy. 

May I congratulate Profesor Vichai, and his team including Professor Manat and 

Dr Atitaya for all their hard work and achievements. The PERCH program is unique, 

a spectacular success, and it is tremendously rewarding to be associated with it in this guest 

capacity. May I wish you every continued success with PERCH.

532 


Peter H. Seeberger 

Director, Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute for Colloids and Surfaces, Potsdam, Germany, 

Professor, Free University of Berlin, Germany and Affiliate Professor, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA USA 

E-mail: peter.seeberger@mpikg.mpg.de 

Coming for the first time to Thailand to attend the PERCH CIC Congress VI it was 

unclear for me what to expect. An attractive venue in a beautiful setting, an excellent 

scientific program in a broad range of areas based on the plenary and invited lectures was 

certain. Having experienced the meeting, and the word experience is important in this 

context, I have to say while all of my expectations I had before regarding venue and the 

invited lectures were met, these were not the most impressive aspects of PERCH VI. For me 

a meeting with so many enthusiastic young chemists stands out. Rarely can I remember 

having been at a meeting with so much vibrant energy. The energy was palpable at the 

poster sessions when the students did a great job explaining their work after overcoming 

some initial hesitation. Masters and PhD students alike had a very good background to 

place their work in and were able to address any questions and comments I had. The oral 

presentations were equally impressive and all showed a very high level of professionalism 

and care. Some language deficiencies were overcome by excellent preparation. 

In addition to the students, the interaction with the faculty, senior and junior faculty 

that I had previously only known from the literature was another high point. Enthusiasm, 

scientific excellence and leadership could be felt at all levels and should not have come as 

a surprise considering the fact that these faculty trained the students that were so impressive. 

The scientific part of every meeting is of course important. Social interactions with 

the Thai and international colleagues in a variety of different settings greatly added to the 

experience. This c social interchange culminated with the conference dinner: the presentations 

by the students of the different universities are in my memory unparalleled. Throughout 

the presentations I was wondering whether my students in the USA or Europe could 

present anything even remotely competitive in this area. 

In my opinion PERCH is an impressive example of what can be done when the vision 

of individuals meets with the support, both financial and otherwise, of the government. PERCH 

is succeeding in producing a generation of strong chemists that will give Thailand the 

opportunity to establish industries currently not present in this country. The nation will 

receive dividends on this investment. While this dividend is paid with some delay as is 

typical, it will be bigger and more sustainable. I can only hope that the PERCH efforts will 

be continued to see substantial support in Thailand. PERCH can be a shining example for 

many countries including many in the industrialized western countries where some seem to 

have forgotten that scientific progress is the basis for prosperity. Thailand has realized that 

and is catching up fast. Keep it up!

Sponsors

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PERCH-CIC Congress VII

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