CHIRONOMUS 16

CHIRONOMUS NEWSLETTER ON CHIRONOMIDAE RESEARCH 

Co-Editors: Ruth CONTRERAS-LICHTENBERG 

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, A-1014 WIEN, Austria 

Peter H. LANGTON 

5 Kylebeg Avenue, Mountsandel, Coleraine, Co. 

Londonderry, Northern Ireland, BT52 1JN - Northern Ireland 

Bibliography: Odwin HOFFRICHTER 

Institut f. Biologie I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1 

D-79104 , Germany 

Treasurer: Trond ANDERSEN: Museum of Zoology, 

University of Bergen, Museplass 3, N-5007 Bergen - Norway 

No. 16 October 2003 

CONTENTS 

ISSN 0172-1941 

16th International Symposium on Chironomidae – Announcement .......................................................................1 

Professor Dr. hab. ZDISLAW KAJAK (1929 – 2002) ...........................................................................................2 

The Newsletter Grant..................................................................................................................................................3 

Current Research.........................................................................................................................................................3 

Theses .........................................................................................................................................................................6 

Short – Communications ...........................................................................................................................................8 

List of regional representatives 2003..................................................................................................................... 10 

Current Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 14 

XVI International Symposium on Chironomidae 

MADEIRA 2006 

It is with great pleasure that the University of Madeira (UMa) and the 

Centro de Estudos da Macaronesia (CEM) invite you to the Island of 

Madeira for the XVI International Symposium on Chironomidae, to be 

held in 2006. 

UMa and CEM have a growing international reputation for studies in island ecology as well as 

experience in organising international symposia and conferences on Madeira. The 

Chironomidae comprise, without doubt, the largest and most diverse dipteran group on Madeira, 

providing a wealth of study in several key areas, including biomonitoring and systematics. We 

hope that your contributions via the symposium will help to promote the value and fascinating 

areas of study involving this group. 

Madeira, known as “the Floating Garden of the Atlantic”, is an autonomous region of Portugal, 

with a strong tradition of quality tourism. The largest remaining area of relict laurel forest or 

laurisilva in the world is found on Madeira. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site, protected by 

the Parque Natural da Madeira (PNM). 

We hope that we will make your visit to Madeira in 2006 a memorable one. 

Ruben Antunes Capela Professor Miguel Angelo Carvalho 

Dean of the University of Madeira Director of CEM

Professor Dr. hab. ZDISLAW KAJAK (1929 – 2002) 

Polish science has met with a severe loss. On 16 th July 2002 

Professor Zdzislaw Kajak died, one of the most eminent Polish 

hydrobiologists, whose scientific activity was known not only in 

Poland but also in Europe. 

The second half of the 20 th century witnessed a dynamic 

development of Polish hydrobiology. Its rank was established not 

only by a few distinguished professors, Marian Gieysztor, 

Kazimierz Pawlowski, Karol Starmach, Marian Stangenberg, who 

survived the Second World War, but also by young hydrobiologists completing their studies in 

the 50s. One of the most outstanding representatives of this group was Professor Zdzislaw 

Kajak, who graduated in 1954 at the Faculty of Biology of Warsaw University, and who had 

undertaken research as a student in the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Science. 

He worked there till his last days. From the very beginning his scientific interests concentrated 

on benthic invertebrates, especially the Chironomidae. At first he carried out his research on old 

river beds (classical series of works concerning Chironomidae Lachy Konfederatka), then on 

lakes, rivers and reservoirs. He did not only collect data and describe the observations but first of 

all tried to explain the underlying mechanisms. That is why so many of his works concern not 

only field and laboratory experiments, but also methodology. Later on, as an Associate Professor 

(1968) and Professor (1988), he coordinated the research of large scientific groups and the 

research carried out within projects. His interests concentrated on the explanation of energy 

function and its transmission in the ecosystems of lakes and on the effect of pollution and basin 

management on ecosystems of rivers and reservoirs. 

The results of his long scientific activity were published in over 250 publications including many 

books. Many times he was invited to participate in publications of collective, international 

works, and he himself initiated some of them. Among others, he was the main organizer of 

IBP/UNESCO Symposium on the Productivity of Inland Water , hold in Kazimierz Dolny in 

1970, and then co-editor of the works of the symposium, which gathered the most outstanding 

hydrobiologists of the world. 

He was also very active in teaching, lecturing at Warsaw University and its branch in Bialystok, 

at the University of Silesia and at the University of British Columbia, of which he was a visiting 

professor. He was a supervisor, or a referee, of many M. Sc. and Ph.D. dissertations. The activity 

in many Polish and foreign societies and committees was another domain where he showed his 

talent and energy. He was a founder-member of the Polish Hydrobiological Society, its president 

for many years and representative of Poland on the committee of the regional representatives of 

SIL. 

Professor Kajak was a distinguished scientist opening new horizons in science. His works have a 

fundamental impact on hydrobiological science, especially on the ecological aspect of studies of 

Chironomidae larvae .For his pupils and followers he was kind, but, at the same time, a 

demanding Master. 

2

“THE NEWSLETTER GRANT” 

We hereby would like to express our thanks for receiving the CHIRONOMUS NEWSLETTER 

grant which enabled us to participate the XV International Symposium on Chironomidae held at 

the University of Minnesota. Without this grant none of us would have attended this important 

meeting on Chironomidae. The grant thus enabled us not only to participate in the International 

Symposium, but also to meet many researchers in person and set up contacts which will prove 

very important for our future work. 

Once more, thank you, 

Alberto Araneda 

Universidad de Concepciòn, Concepciòn, Chile 

Fábio de Oliveira Roque 

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil 

Humberto Fonseca Mendes 

Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil 

CURRENT RESEARCH 

CHIRONOMIDAE OF THE BAIKALIAN REGION 

E. A. Erbaeva 

Scientific Research Institute of Biology at Irkutsk State University 

POBox 24, Irkutsk-3, 664003, Russia 

Fax: 7(3952)345-207, E-mail: root@bio.isu.runnet.ru 

Key words: Chironomidae, Angara River, Angara Reservoirs 

Abstract 

The results of an investigation into the Chironomidae fauna of the Baikalian region (Angara River, Irkutsk, Bratsk, 

Ust’-Ilim Reservoirs) are presented. 144 species were discovered in the Angara River, 126 in the Irkutsk Reservoir, 

132 in the Bratsk Reservoir, 92 in the Ust’-Ilim Reservoir. The regulation of the Angara River outflow resulted in a 

sharp change of environmental conditions, that caused changes in the Chironomidae fauna. In the Angara rheophilic 

species dominated (from subfamilies Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae), whereas in the reservoirs – pelophilic species 

from the subfamily Chironominae. In water bodies of the region 10 species of Baikalian endemics were discovered. 

The most endemic species (10) were found in the Irkutsk reservoir, the fewest(2) in the Ust’-Ilim reservoir. 

Introduction 

The most important features of the Angara River 

and its reservoirs are the conditions of water 

quality formation – the input of waters from the 

oligotrophic Lake Baikal, with low 

mineralization and very poor in organic 

substances. 

The Angara is an outflow of Lake Baikal and 

joins with the Yenisey 1779 km away. The total 

outflow of the Angara includes 45% of 

originally Baikalian water. According to R. A. 

GOLYSHKINA (1970) the river sediments, 

resulting from the relief and geological structure 

of the valley, is mainly stony. Before regulation 

the Angara River was a mountainous river with 

high flow (from 7 to 15 km h-1). The minimum 

water level was about 2 m, the most widely 

distributed depths were 4-7 m. 

Concentration of gases in the Angara is very 

favorable for aquatic animals. Oxygen content 

during the open water season was 100-145% of 

saturation and only under ice decreased to 80- 

96%. The hydrochemical condition in the 

reservoirs differs insufficiently from that of the 

river and is favorable for animals (NIKOLAEVA, 

1964, Primary…, 1982, Plankton…, 1982). The 

oxygen content is about 100% of saturation. 

3

Materials and methods 

Published data on the Chironomidae and our 

own material from the Angara River and its 

reservoirs are analyzed. Samples were collected 

in 1957-1998. Over 1,000 quantitative and 500 

qualitative samples are included. Qualitative 

samples were collected with a net near the shore, 

quantitative samples with a Petersen sampler. 

Results 

The Chironomidae fauna of the Angara River 

according to the literature (GRESE, 1953, 

VERSHININ, 1967, LINEVICH 1981) and our data 

includes 144 species (Table 1). 

Table 1: The number of Chironomidae species in Baikalian region 

Subfamily Angara 

River 

Irkutsk 

Reservoir 

Bratsk 

Reservoir 

Ust’-Ilim Reservoir 

Tanypodinae 10 5 8 8 

Diamesinae 10 8 4 4 

Prodiamesinae 2 2 2 2 

Orthocladiinae 63 45 43 26 

Chironominae 59 68 75 52 

Total 144 128 132 92 

5 species – Diamesa baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ, Orthocladius compactus 

Linevitsh, O. gregarius LINEVITSH, O. setosus 

and Neozavrelia minuta LINEVITSH – are 

endemics of Baikal, Cricotopus angarensis 

LINEVITSH – endemic of Angara. Dominating 

species are Diamesa baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ, Orthocladius olivaceus 

Table 2: Characteristics of Angara Reservoirs 

KIEFFER, Eukiefferiella coerulescens KIEFFER, 

O. thienemanni KIEFFER, Parorthocladius 

tridentifer LINEVITSH, Pseudodiamesa nivosa 

GOETGHEBUER. The further from the inflow it 

acquires more features of usual Siberian rivers. 

After outflow regulation there was created a 

cascade of reservoirs (Table 2). 

Reservoir Start of filling Finish of filling Volume, km3 Maximal depth Length 

Irkutsk 1956 1958 2.1 35 55 

Bratsk 1961 1967 179.0 100 570 

Ust’-Ilimsk 1975 1977 59.4 90 302 

The biological regime of the River has been 

changed: rheophilic species of Chironomidae 

have disappeared. Now the reservoirs are 

populated by pelophilic species. 

Irkutsk Reservoir is an oligotrophic-mesotrophic 

water body with high water replacement velocity 

(24 times year -1 ). Now there are 126 species 

recorded, 10 of them are endemics of Baikal 

(Diamesa baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ, 

Orthocladius setosus, O. gregarius LINEVITSH, 

O. compactus LINEVITSH, Paratanytarsus 

baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ, Sergentia 

(Baicalosergentia) baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ, 

S. (B.) rynocephala LINEVITSH, S. (B.) 

flavodentata TSHERNOVSKIJ, S. (B.) kozhowi 

Linevitsh, and Neozavrelia minuta LINEVITSH). 

The main species near the beginning of the 

reservoir is Diamesa baicalensis Tshernovskij, 

in the middle and near the outflow are 

Chironomus rusticus MEIGEN, Ch. solitus 

LINEVITSH et ERBAEVA, Sergentia bauri 

WUELKER et al., and Microsectra sp. Sandy and 

silt sediments near the dam are occupied by 

larvae of Baicalosergentia (LINEVITSH, 1981, 

PROVIZ, PROVITSH, 1999): S. (B.) rynocephala 

LINEVITSH, S. (B.) flavodentata TSHERNOVSKIJ, 

S. (B.) kozhowi LINEVITSH, and S. (B.) colecta 

PROVIZ V. et PROVIZ H. 

Bratsk Reservoir is a mesotrophic water body 

with some eutrophy. Unlike Irkutsk Reservoir it 

is characterized by slight water flow (2 times 

year -1 ). Throughout the time of the investigation 

(1964-1998) there were 132 species of 

Chironomidae, including Diamesa baicalensis

TSHERNOVSKIJ, Paratanytarsus baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ, Sergentia (Baicalosergentia) 

baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ – Baikalian 

endemics. The main species are Procladius 

ferrugineus KIEFFER, Tanytarsus gr. gregarius 

Kieffer, Cladotanytarsus gr. mancus WALKER, 

Endochironomus albipennis MEIGEN, 

Glyptotendipes paripes EDWARDS, Polypedilum 

nubeculosum MEIGEN, Chironomus plumosus 

Linne. Of special interest is the discovery of 

Baikalian endemics Paratanytarsus baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ and Sergentia 

(Baicalosergentia) baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ 

in the Balagansk part of it in 1991-1998. The 

last species dwells in the deeper parts and near 

the dam. 

Ust’-Ilimsk Reservoir is a mesotrophiceutrophic 

water body. The water retention time 

is 1.5 times year -1 . There are 92 species of 

Chironomidae. Baikalian endemics Diamesa 

baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ and Sergentia 

(Baicalosergentia) baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ 

are present there. As with Bratsk Reservoir the 

dominant species are Procladius ferrugineus 

KIEFFER, Tanytarsus gr. gregarius KIEFFER and 

Chironomus plumosus LINNE with the addition 

of Microtendipes pedellus DE GEER. 

Discussion 

The chironomid fauna of the Angara River is the 

direct continuation of the littoral fauna of the 

Lake Baikal. Among Baikalian endemic species 

Diamesa baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ was 

observed in all sites investigated on stony 

ground. Orthocladius setosus, O. gregarius 

LINEVITSH, O. compactus LINEVITSH, and 

Neozavrelia minuta LINEVITSH were discovered 

from inflow as far as Irkutsk dam. The water 

regulation by dam construction has caused the 

changes of living conditions and consequently 

species composition. Whereas the Angara River 

was characterized by rheophilic Diamesinae and 

Orthocladiinae, the reservoirs are characterized 

by pelophilic forms of Chironominae. 

Some Baikalian species of Chironomidae have 

found acceptable conditions in the Reservoirs. 

Diamesa baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ, O. 

gregarius LINEVITSH, O. compactus LINEVITSH, 

and Neozavrelia minuta LINEVITSH were 

discovered in stony sediments in Irkutsk 

Reservoir. Paratanytarsus baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ, Sergentia (Baicalosergentia) 

baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ, S. (B.) rynocephala 

Linevitsh, S. (B.) flavodentata TSHERNOVSKIJ 

and S. (B.) kozhowi LINEVITSH occupy sandy 

and silt sediments in its central part. 

Paratanytarsus baicalensis TSHERNOVSKIJ in 

Baikal inhabits silty sediments of the littoral (0- 

20 m), Sergentia (Baicalosergentia) baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ, S. (B.) flavodentata 

TSHERNOVSKIJ and S. (B.) kozhowi LINEVITSH 

occupy silty sediments at 20-50 and 50-400 m 

depth in Lake Baikal. 

The Baikalian endemic Diamesa baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ inhabits stones in the bottom of 

Bratsk Reservoir. Paratanytarsus baicalensis 

TSHERNOVSKIJ was observed on silt in the 

littoral zone of Bratsk Reservoir and S. (B.) 

baicalensis occupies the profundal zone of this 

reservoir. 

D. baicalensis was found in near dam zone of 

Ust’-Ilim Reservoir, as in Bratsk Reservoir. In 

some places of this reservoir S. (B.) koshowi is 

found occasionally. 

In comparison with the previous chironomid 

fauna of the Angara River, there are 4 more 

species. It can be connected with siltation 

unusual for the river bottom. The most Baikalian 

endemics are discovered in the Irkutsk Reservoir 

and only 2 species in Ust’-Ilimsk. 

The Angara endemic Cricotopus angarensis 

LINEVITSH previously found from the Kitoy 

River to the Oka River now only inhabits plants 

in Irkutsk Reservoir. 

References 

VERSHININ N.V. 1967. Feeding resources of 

fishes of Angara. In: Fishes and feeding 

resources of rivers and reservoirs of Eastern 

Siberia. Krasnoyarsk: 261-290. (In Russian) 

GOLYSHKINA R.A. 1970. Zoobenthos of 

Angara River. PhD thesis. Irkutsk. 35 p. (In 

Russian) 

GRESE I.I. 1953. Aquatic ecology of the 

lower part of Angara River. Proc. 

Hydrobiological Society. Moscow, V.5: 203- 

211. (In Russian) 

LINEVICH A.A. 1981. Chironomidae of 

Baikal and Pribaikalye. Novosibirsk. 152 p. 

(In Russian) 

NIKOLAEVA M. D. 1964. Hydrochemistry of 

Irkutsk Reservoir. Biology of Irkutsk 

Reservoir.Novosibirsk. P. 17-41. (In Russian) 

Primary production of Bratsk 

Reservoir.1983. Moscow. 245 p. (In Russian) 

Plankton of Ust’-Ilimsk Reservoir.1982, 

Leningrad. 134 p. (In Russian) 

PROVIZ V.I., PROVIZ A. I. 1999 Atlas of 

larvae of Chironomidae of genus Sergentia 

from the Lake Baikal. Novosibirsk. 101 p. (In 

Russian) 

5

THESES 

DOCTORAL THESES ON CHIRONOMID MIDGES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN 

SINCE 2000. 

ASSESSMENT OF BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY OF THE RIVER DAMODAR OF 

BURDWAN DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL BASED ON CHIRONOMID COMMUNITY 

(DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE). 

by Dr. Goutam Bhattacharyay 

Abstract 

The river Damodar originating from Chhotanagpur Hills of Bihar traverses through the "Ruhr of 

Bengal" before pouring into the Bay of Bengal. It receives considerable amount of pollutant from coal 

mines and several industries i.e. Steel, Chemicals, Thermal Power plants, Coal washeries, cement 

plants, fertilizers etc. during its course through Asansol-Durgapur industrial area. The river receives 

heavy metallic pollutants such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg and Cd from the effluents of factories. Biological 

assessment of the water quality based on chironomid midges was undertaken. Samplings were done 

from the four sampling stations with suitable samplers to collect and to record the physiochemical 

characteristics like air and water temperature, water current, pH, DO, BOD, concentrations of Pb, Zn, 

Cu, Hg and Cd, sediment texture and the midges (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults). The data were 

analyzed statistically to correlate the individual and synergistic impact of pollutant on chironomid 

midges. The concentrations of Lead, Zinc and Copper were found to occur far above the permissible 

limit. Significant positive correlation was established between concentrations of heavy metals in water 

and sediment. Chironomid species, Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer C.samoensis (Edwards), 

C.stratipennis Kieffer Kiefferulus barbatitarsis (Kieffer) K.calligaster (Kieffer) Stictochironomus 

polystictus (Kieffer), Cladotanytarsus gloveri Chaudhuri & Das, Procladius noctivagus (Kieffer) and 

Tanypus bilobatus (Kieffer) were dominant species throughout the study area. Similarity index (Ss) 

calculated with the presence/absence data of chironomid larvae and adults showed that three polluted 

zones were to some extent dissimilar to pollution free reference zone. Diversity (() and equitability (E) 

seemed to reflect the higher load of pollutants in the first three points rather than the fourth point. 

Diversity (() was viewed to correlate negatively with the concentration of heavy metals in water and 

sediment showing their toxic effects. Deformities of the larvae of Crytochironomus judicius 

Chaudhuri & Chattopadhyay Polypedilum nubifer (Skuse), Cladotanytarsus gloveri, Tanytarsus 

vinculus, Stictochironomus polystictus, Kiefferulus barbatitarsis, K.calligaster, Cricotopus sylvestris 

Kieffer Procladius noctivagus and Tanypus bilobatus were noticed. Percentage of deformity did 

correlate positively with concentrations of Pb in water and sediment. The severity of deformity was 

also recorded higher in the larvae of chironomid collected from confluence point of polluted zones 

rather than from the reference point. A new proposed severity index, SISS(antenna) was also used for 

assessment of deformity in family or subfamily level as this index was made by summing up of 

severity of antennal deformity of larvae. 

Adjudicators 

Prof. Arshad Ali,University of Florida, Sanford, USA. 

Prof. K.Vijaykumar, University of Gulbarga, Gulbarga, India. 

Prof. A.Mukherjee, University of North Bengal, India. 

Dr.A.Hazra, Jt.Director, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 

Supervisors 

Prof.P.K.Chaudhuri, University of Burdwan, India. 

Dr.A.K.Sadhu, Burdwan Raj College, University of Burdwan, India. 

Year of Award: 2000 

____ 

6

MORPHOLOGY AND DIVERSITY OF CHIRONOMID COMMUNITIES OF DARJEELING- 

SIKKIM HIMALAYAS OF INDIA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) 

by Dr.Niladri Hazra. 

Abstract 

Morphology of sixty-three species belonging to twenty-five genera under four sub families has been 

worked out. Of them, 11 species and one genus have been proposed here as new to science and three 

previously described species from other countries be reported for the first time in this subcontinent. 

Descriptions of the life stages of the following species: Ablabesmyia alba Chaudhuri, Debnath & 

Nandi, Coffmania adiecta n.sp., Coffmania animispina n.sp., Macropelopia amplituberculata n.sp., 

M.nebulosa (Meigen), Paramerina ampliseta n.sp., P.clara n.sp., P.inficia Chaudhuri & Debnath, 

Rheopelopia lenicornuta nom.nov., Brillia teretuba n.sp., Corynoneura centromedia n.sp., C. incidera 

n.sp., Corynoneura nasuticeps n.sp., Metriocnemus albolineatus (Meigen), Paracricotopus spinicornis 

n.sp., Parametriocnemus ornaticornis (Kieffer), Paraphaenocladius impensus albusalatus Chaudhuri 

& Sinharay, Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) convexum John., P.(Pentapedilum) centisetum n.sp., P. 

(Pentapedilum) unispinum nom. nov., P.(Pentapedilum) yapensis Tokunaga and Rheotanytarsus 

pellucidus Chaudhuri & Datta. Diversity index and percentage of relative abundance of immature 

stages from springs at three different altitudes have been measured a studied. Physico-chemical 

parameters like temperature, DO, pH and conductivity of habitats of ecology of several species have 

also been recorded and correlated with abundance of the species stated in the thesis. 

Adjudicators 

Prof. Xinhua Wang, University of Nankai, P.R.China. 

Dr. J.R.B. Alfred, Diretor, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 

Supervisor 

Prof.P.K.Chaudhuri, University of Burdwan, India. 

Year of award: 2000 

____ 

CYTOTAXONOMIC CATEGORIZATION OF A SPECIES OF CHIRONOMUS MIEGEN 

AND KIEFFERULUS GOETHEBUER (DIPTERA-CHIRONOMIDAE). 

by Dr.Ms. Basuli Maitra 

Abstract 

The cytological studies were performed in the polytene chromosomes from the salivary glands of the 

five chironomid species namely, Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer C.stratipennis Kieffer C.javanus 

Kieffer Kiefferulus barbatitarsus (Kieffer) and K.calligaster (Kieffer). The morphometric analyses on 

the adult, pupa, larva and egg mass of the above noted species were carried out. Polytene 

chromosomes of each of the species have been used to frame a cytological key of the species as an 

additional clue for identification of the species. Processing for C-bandings have helped to construct the 

cytological maps of the polytene chromosomes of the species, which appeared to be useful in 

categorization of the species. The polytene chromosome of the following species Chironomus 

circumdatus, C. stratipennis Kieffer and C. javanus appear to belong to pseudo-thummi complex 

having the chromosomal combination BF, CD, AE and G. Four Polytene chromosomes in C. 

circumdatus showed the key features as slender first chromosome, broad highly active fourth 

chromosome and less intercalary distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. The key cytological 

features of C.stratipennis are compact as well as slender fourth chromosome associated with NOR, 

moderate activity of Ist and 2nd chromosome, high active status of 3rd chromosome and moderate 

response of the intercalary position of the chromosomes to C-banding. The main features of C. 

.javanus are slender fourth chromosome lacking a NOR, first chromosome with highest activity level 

with a large Balbiani ring, second and fourth chromosome both having NOR with compact 

organisation and considerable amount of C-band terminal and intercalary chromatin material. 

Kiefferulus barbatitarsis fusion of three chromosome arms was noticed and represents a new complex 

i.e. duplex with arm combination AEG,BF and CD. Besides the fusion of three chromosome arms to 

produce a very large first chromosome. It includes presence of NOR in the first chromosome and third 

7

chromosome with occasional terminal or intercalary asynapsis, lack of C-positive region in the 

intercalary positions in the chromosomes. In K.calligaster showed chromocentric organisation of the 

chromosome arms. Seven chromosome arms could be recognised as A,B,C,D,E,F and G. Presence of 

massive chromocenter, presence of NOR in the arm G and higher activity level of arm B and C 

distinguishes it from other Kiefferulus species. 

Adjudicators 

Prof. Odwin Hoffrichter, University of Freigburg, Germany. 

Prof.A.L.Bhatia, University of Rajasthan, India. 

Prof.R.N.Chatterjee, University of Calcutta, Calcutta. 

Supervisors 

Prof.P.K.Chaudhuri,University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India. 

Prof.T.Midya, Presidency College, Calcutta. 

Year of award: 2001 

Abstract 

____ 

SYSTEMATICS AND BIOLOGY OF SOME CHIRONOMIDS MIDGE (DIPTERA: 

CHIRONOMIDAE) OF EAST-SIKKIM HIMALAYAS OF INDIA. 

Dr.Surendra K. Pradhan 

The thesis includes systematics and biology of 34 species under 21 genera of Chironomids from the 

east Sikkim Himalayas of India. Life stages of 11 Indian species have also been put on record for the 

first time with biology of some aspects of four Orthoclad species have also been written in the thesis. 

Adjudicators 

Prof.Haruo Fukuhara, Niigata University, Igarashi, Japan. 

Prof. M.Vikram Reddy, Kakatiya University, Andhra Pradesh, India. 

Prof.Samiran Chakravorty, Kalyani University, Kalyani, India. 

Supervisor 

Prof.P.K.Chadhuri, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India. 

Year of award: 2002. 

SHORT-COMMUNICATIONS 

Chironomidae exuviae 

A key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic Region 

Peter H. Langton & Henk Visser 2003 

The updated key to pupal exuviae of the West Palaearctic region (Langton 1991) is now available in 

CD-ROM. This has been achieved with the collaboration of Henk Visser at the Biodiversity Centre 

of ETI at the University of Amsterdam as part of ETI’s Interactive Identification System for the 

European Limnofauna (IISEL). All described West Palaearctic species are included with complete 

and up to date synonymy and distribution data. The key to nearly 1000 taxa and descriptions are 

illustrated by more than 1,500 drawings and the text is hyperlinked to a glossary of scientific terms. 

The disc requires Windows 95, 98 or ME, Pentium processor, 16MB RAM, 4x CD-ROM player, 16 

bit colour monitor or Macintosh computer with PowerPC processor, MacOS 8.x or 9.x, 16MB RAM, 

4x CD-ROM player, 16 bit colour monitor. See www.eti.uva.nl for details of cost and supply. 

8

On the exuviae of Cricotopus ephippium (Zett.) and polaris (Kieffer) 

Peter H. Langton 

I have seen a number of C. polaris misidentified as ephippium. Some polaris exuviae have the anterior 

thorax quite rugose towards the suture, but they can be easily distinguished from ephippium by the 

armament of tergites III and IV extending past the anterior muscle marks into the antero-lateral 

corners; in ephippium the point patches are trapezoidal. 

Request for material 

At the beginning of August I will start my PhD programme at Museum of Zoology, University of 

Bergen under the guidance of Prof. Ole A. Sæther and Ass. Prof. Trond Andersen. My theme for the 

thesis will be a revision of the subgenus Pentapedilum Kieffer of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer. I will 

appreciate a loan of reared or other associated material of Pentapedilum, but also of Polypedilum s. str. 

as Pentapedilum is likely not to be monophyletic. 

The material can be sent either to me or to Ole A. Sæther at the Museum of Zoology in Bergen. I do 

not have an e-mail in Bergen as yet so any messages can be sent to Prof. Sæther (e-mail 

ole.sather@zmb.uib.no) 

Thank you in advance 

Emmanuel A. Oyewo 

Museum of Zoology 

University of Bergen 

Muséplass 3 

N-5007 Bergen, 

Norway 

News from India 

Prof. P. K. Chaudhuri has been entrusted with the Co-ordinatorship of five centres working with the 

"TAXONOMY OF DIPTERA" funded by the Department of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India. 

under All India coordinated project of Insect Taxonomy (AICOPTAX) and the University of Burdwan 

has been marked as LEAD INSTITUTE. The part of chironomids is being investigated in the 

University of Burdwan under Prof. P.K. Chaudhuri (Principal Investigator) and Dr. Abhijit Mazumdar 

(Co-Principal Investigator). 

Dr. Abhijit MAZUMDAR has joined a post of Reader in the Department of Zoology, University of 

Burdwan in September 2002. Dr. Mazumdar, an worker in Chironomids was a faculty member in 

Arunachal University (India) has resumed working in Chironomids in the state of Arunachal of the 

eastern Himalayas adjacent to China together with the material being gathered from the field surveys 

of the above project. 

The chironomid midges (both dried and microslide-mounts) and the recent literature dealing with the 

above of the Afrotropical, Australasian, Palaearctic and the Oriental realms will thankfully be 

acknowledged. 

Checklist on Indian chironomids is available at http://www.ncbi.org.in/dit/ 

Ersatz techniques for rabid collectors 

Peter H. Langton 

I suppose that there are those chironomists that do not know of my use of neat Gin for preserving 

specimens when abroad. Air lines have no reservations about transporting a large bottle of duty free, 

but try taking a litre of isopropanol and you could find boarding the plane a trifle complicated! I prefer 

Gin for the olfactory ambience when sorting the specimens later, but I have used Vodka and White 

Rum equally successfully. For those who recoil in horror at the thought of using these chemicals for 

any purpose other than consumption, alternatives I have found adequate for the short term are mild, 

non-bleach disinfectants that do not turn white in water (e.g. Milton) or salt solution. The samples are 

sorted in much water and transferred to alcohol for storage or mounting. 

9

10 

Killing adults for dry mounting (rarely practised by chironomists these days) can also be a problem 

abroad, but painting the bottom of a champagne cork with nail varnish makes a very effective killing 

bottle when pushed into the top of a 3x1" glass specimen tube. It works well for much larger insects as 

well. Unaccompanied males could find this a novel introduction to the attractive lady at the next table! 

One can feel strangely naked when deprived of one's collecting net, but all is not lost. Here are five 

tested solutions:- 

1) Exuviae floating on the surface of a water butt or small pond, or fetched up on the strand of a lake 

or river can be scooped up in a handkerchief, which is then folded to enclose the catch. The exuviae 

can be floated off in water later and transferred to preservative. (In the absence of a handkerchief, I 

suppose any other dispensable article of clothing will do - be original!) 

2) Leaves caught in a stream or at the outlet of a lake or pond can be transferred to a plastic bag, a 

sock (not woollen) or even an empty pocket. These leaf packs release exuviae, pupae and larvae when 

agitated in water. 

3) Spiders' webs containing trapped adults can be detached from their supports and stored in any 

available receptacle (an empty crisp packet will do). When transferred to alcohol the web's adhesive 

dissolves and careful teasing apart of the adults provides specimens which tend to be in excellent 

condition with all appendages still attached 

4) The Hoffrichter technique (I am indebted to Odwin for introducing this to me): swarms are swatted 

with the hand thoroughly moistened with saliva - the adhering adults are then transferred carefully 

with a finger tip to a similarly moistened container, to be washed out later with preservative. 

5) At times and in places where the adults are roosting in brambles or other thorny vegetation, the 

modern 'beating tray' (umbrella held upside down) can be effective. It needs an accomplice to hold the 

umbrella and beat the bush above it with a stick. Poised with a pooter, there is much sport to be had 

trying to suck up the beasts before they fly off! 

Finally, it may not be common knowledge that empty photographic film canisters make excellent 

containers for small collections as they are leak proof, light in weight and resist damage. 

AFRICA 

HARRISON, Arthur, 111 A Berg Road, Fish 

Hoek 7975, South Africa. 

Regional representative for South Africa 

AMAKYE, Josef S., Institute of Aquatic 

Biology (C.S.I.R.), P.O.Box 38, Achimota - 

Accra, Ghana. 

Regional representative for West Afrika 

AMERICAS 

MASAFERRO, Julieta, Department of 

Entomology, Natural History Museum, 

Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. 

Tel: +44 (0) 207 942 5198. Fax: +44 (0) 207 

942 5229. Email: J.Massaferro@nhm.ac.uk 

Regional representative for Argentina 

CALLISTO, Marcos, Universidade Federal de 

Minas Gerais, ICB, Depto. Biologia Geral, 

Lab. Limnologia/Ecologia de Bentos, CP. 486, 

CEP. 30.161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. 

Tel: +55 31 499 25 95. Fax: +55 31 499 25 67. 

Email : callisto@mono.icb.ufmg.br 

Regional representative for Brazil 

REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES 2003 

BURGOS, Arnoldine, Bureau voor Openbare 

Gezondheidszorg, Centraal laboratorium, Rode 

Kruislaan 13 Postbus 1911, Paramaribo, 

Suriname. 

Regional representative for Suriname 

WALKER, Ian R., Departments of Biology, 

and Earth and Environmental Sciences, North 

Kelowna Campus, Okanagan University 

College, 3333 College Way, Kelowna, BC, 

V1V 1V7, Canada. 

Tel: (250) 762-5445 ext. 7559. Fax:(250) 470- 

6004. Email: iwalker@ouc.bc.ca 

WWW: http://www.ouc.bc.ca/eesc/iwalker 

Regional representative for Canada 

DE LA ROSA, Carlos, Program Director, The 

Nature Conservancy's Disney Wilderness 

Preserve, 2700 Scrub Jay Trail, Kissimmee, FL 

34759, U.S. 

Tel.: ( 407) 935-0002 ext. 103. Fax: ( 407) 

935-0005. Email: cdelarosa@tnc.org 

Regional representative for Central 

America

ALCOCER, Javier, UNAM Campus Iztacala, 

Limnology Lab, Environmental Conservation 

& Improvement Project, Universidad Nacional 

Autonoma de Mexico, Calle 15, #51 San Pedro 

de los Pinos, Mexico City, D.F. 03800, 

Mexico. 

Fax: (525) 277-1829. Email: 

jalcocer@unamvm1.dgsca.unam.mx 

Regional representative for Mexico 

FERRINGTON Jr., L.C., Department of 

Entomology, Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell 

Avenue, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 

MN 55108, U.S. 

Tel.: (612) 624-3265. Email: 

ferri016@umn.edu 

Regional representative for the U.S.A. 

ASIA 

WANG, Xinhua, Department of Biology, 

Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China. 

Phone: +86 22 23508389 (Office), +86 22 

23501450 (Home), Fax: +86 22 23508800. 

Email: xhwang@nankai.edu.cn 

Regional representative for the P. R. of 

China 

MAZUMDAR, Abhijit, Dept of Zoology, 

University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104, 

W.B., India 

Email: abhijitau@rediffmail.com 

Regional representative for India 

MOUSAYI, Seyed Karim, University of 

Tromsø, Institute of Clinical Medicine (IKM), 

KK Lab, Brevika Centre, N-9037 Tromsø, 

Norway. 

Tel: +47 77 64 48 48. Email: 

karimm@fagmed.uit.no 

Regional representative for Iran 

KUGLER, Jehoshua, Dept of Zoology, Tel- 

Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. 

Regional representative for Israel 

IWAKUMA, Toshio, Hokkaido University, 

Kita-Jujo-Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Saporo, Hokkaido, 

060 Japan. 

Email: iwakuma@ees.hokudai.ac.jp 

Regional representative for Japan 

ISMAIL, A.R., Jabatan Biologie, University 

Pertanian Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, 

Selangor, Malaysia. 

Regional representative for Malaysia 

MAKARCHENKO, Eugenyi A., Laboratory of 

Freshwater Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology 

and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of the 

Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 

Vladivostok - 22, Russia. 

Fax: +7 (4232) 310193. Email: 

emakarchenko@mail15.com (home) and 

11 

emakar@ibss.dvo.ru (work) 

WWW: www.tendipes.febras.ru 

Regional representative for the Far East of 

Russia 

ERBAEVA, Engelsina, Institute of Biology, 

Irkutsk State University, P.O. Box 24, Lenin 

street 3, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia. 

Regional representative for Lake Baikal 

and River Angara, South Siberia 

BYEONG-JIN, Youn, Pusan National 

University, Department of Biology, #30 

Changjeon-dong Kumjeong-Ku, Pusan 609- 

735, South Korea. 

Regional representative for South Korea 

EUROPE 

CONTRERAS, Ruth, Naturhistorisches 

Museum, 2. Zoologische Abt., Burgring 7 

(Box 417), A-1014 Wien, Austria. 

Tel: ++43 01 521 77/317. Fax: ++43 01 523 52 

54. Email: ruth.contreras@aon.at 

Regional representative for Austria 

GODDEERIS, Boudewijn, Koninklijk 

Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, 

Afdeling Zoetwaterbiologie, Vautierstraat 29, 

B-1040 Brussel, Belgium. 

Tel: ++32 2 627 43 14. Fax: ++ 32 2 646 44 

33. Email: goddeeri@kbinirsnb.be 

Regional representative for Belgium 

MICHAILOVA, Parasaleva, Institute of 

Zoology, boul. Rouski 1, Bulgarian Academy 

of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Sofia 1000, 

Bulgaria. 

Email: parmich@mail.bol.bg 

Regional representative for Bulgaria 

CHVOJKA, Pavel, National Museum, 

Department of Entomology, Kunratice 1, 

14800 Praha, Czechia. 

Regional representative for Czech Republic 

LINDEGAARD, Claus, Freshwater Biological 

Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, 51 

Helsingorsgade, DK-3400, Hillerød, Denmark. 

Fax: +45 48241476. Email: 

clindegaard@zi.ku.dk 

Regional representative for Denmark 

KANGUR, Andu & Kulli, Vorstjarv 

Limnological station, EE2454 Rannu, Estonia. 

Fax: +372 343 3472. Email: andu@lim.tartu.ee 

Regional representative for Estonia 

KOSKENNIEMI, Esa, West Finland Regional 

Environment Centre, P.O. Box 262, SF-65101 

Vaasa, Finland. 

Tel : + 358-6-3256609. Fax: + 358-6-3256611. 

Email: Esa.Koskenniemi@vyh.fi 

Regional representative for Finland

DELETTRE, Yannick R., C.N.R.S. (U.M.R. 

6553 "ECOBIO") - Universite de Rennes I, 

Station Biologique, F-35380 Paimpont, France. 

Tel: (+33) 02.99.61.81.73. Fax: (+33) 

02.99.61.81.87 (from abroad don' dial the 

zero). Email: yannick.Delettre@univrennes1.fr 

WWW: http://ecobio.univrennes1.fr/Fiches%20perso/YDelettre/YDelettr 

e.htm Regional representative for France 

SPIES, Martin, Schraemelstr. 151, D-81247 

München, Germany. 

Fax : + 49 89 8107 300. Email : 

spies@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de 

Regional representative for Germany 

DÉVAI, György, L. Kossuth University, 

Ecological Institute, H-4010 Debrecen, 

Hungary. 

http://www.ecol.klte.hu/yellow.html 

Regional representative for Hungary 

OLAFSSON, Jon Sigurdur, University of 

Iceland, Institute of Biology, Grensasvegi 12, 

108 Reykjavik, Iceland. 

Email: jsol@rhi.hi.is 

Regional representative for Iceland 

MURRAY, Declan, Dept of Zoology , 

University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan 

Road, Dublin 4, Ireland. 

Tel: +353-1-706-2336. Fax: +353-1-7061152. 

Email: declan.murray@ucd.ie 

WWW: 

http://www.ucd.ie/~zoology/zoology.html 

Regional representative for Ireland 

ROSSARO, Bruno, Univ. of Milano, Dept. of 

Biology, Sect. Ecology, via Celoria 26, I- 

20133 Milano, Italy 

Fax: +39 2 26604361. Email: 

rossaro@mailserver.unimi.it 

Regional representative for ltaly 

LESLIE, Heather A., Department of Aquatic 

Ecology and Ecotoxicology, IBED, Faculty of 

Science, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 

320, P.O. Box 94084, 1090 GB, Amsterdam, 

The Netherlands 

Tel. +31 (0)20 525-7712. Fax: +31 (0)20 525- 

7716. Email: leslie@science.uva.nl 

Regional representative for the Netherlands 

WILLASSEN, Endre, University of Bergen, 

Institute of Zoology, Museum of Zoology, 

Muséplass 3, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. 

Phone: +47 55582901. Fax: +47 55589677. 

Email: Endre.Willassen@zmb.uib.no 

Regional representative for Norway 

12 

KOWNACKI, Andrzei, Institute of 

Freshwater Biology, Academy of Sciences, Ul. 

Slawkowska 17, PL-31016 Krakow, Poland. 

Tel: +48 12 222115 

Regional representative for Poland 

HUGHES, Samantha, Laboratório Regionalde 

Engenharia Civil, Departamento de Recursos 

Naturais e de Hidaúlica, Caminho do 

Esmeraldo, 9000-264 Funchal, Portugal; and 

Centro de Estudos da Macaronesia, 

Universidade da Madeira, Campus da 

Penteada, 9000 Funchal, Portugal. 

E-mail: samjhughes@hotmail.com 

Regional representative for Portugal 

TUDORANCEA, Maria-Monica, Department 

of Ecology-Genetics, Faculty of Biology and 

Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 1 M. 

Kogalniceanu Str., Cluj-Napoca, 3400 

ROMANIA 

Fax: (40) (64) 191906 or 40 64 431858. Email: 

mtudor@biolog.ubbcluj.ro 

Regional representative for Romania 

ZINCHENCO, Tatiana, Institute of Ecology of 

the Volga River Bassin, Russian Academy of 

Sciences, Togliatti 445003, Russia. 

Email: tdz@mailru.com 

Regional representative for Togliatti, Russia 

BITUSIK, Peter, Faculty of Ecology and 

Environmental Sciences, Technical University, 

Kolpasska 9, SK-969 01 Banska Stiavnica, 

Slovakia. 

Email: bitusik@fee.tuzvo.sk 

Regional representative for Slovakia 

PRAT, Narcis, Dept Ecologia, Diagonal, 645 

Universitat de Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, 

Spain. 

Fax: (3)4111438. Email: 

narcis@porthos.bio.ub.es 

Regional representative for Spain 

JOHNSON, Richard K., University of 

Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, S 75007 

Uppsala, Sweden. 

Fax: +46 18 673156. Email: 

Richard.Johnson@ma.slu.se 

Regional representative for Sweden 

LODS-CROZET, Brigitte, Service des Eaux, 

Sols et Assainissement, Chemin des 

Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, 

Switzerland. 

Tel: (+41 21) 316 71 87; Fax: (+41 21) 316 71 

82. Email: brigitte.lods-crozet@sesa.vd.ch 

Regional representative for Switzerland

LANGTON, Peter H., 5 Kylebeg Avenue, 

Mountsandel, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, 

Northern Ireland, BT52 1JN - Northern Ireland 

Email: 106375.1453@compuserve.com 

Regional representative for UK 

PACIFIC 

CRANSTON, Peter S., Department of 

Entomology, University of California, One 

Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, US 

Email: pscranston@ucdavis.edu 

WWW: 

http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/cranston 

.html 

Regional representative for Australia 

Deadline for CHIRONOMUS 17 

July 1 st 2004 

13 

BOOTHROYD, Ian K.G., Kingett Mitchell 

& Associates, Level 2, ASDA Plaza, 4 Fred 

Thomas Drive, P.O. Box 33849, Takapuna, 

Auckland, New Zealand 

Phone: ++64 9 4885033. Fax: ++64 9 

4868072. Email: (work) 

iboothroyd@kma.co.nz 

(home) Ian.b@xtra.co.nz 

Regional representative for New Zealand 

CATALAN, Zenaida Batac, Institute of 

Environmental Science and Management, The 

University of the Philippines at Los Banos, 

College, Laguna, Philippines. 

Regional representative for Philippines

Current Bibliography: 1 Jan. 2002 - 31 Dec. 2002 

by Odwin Hoffrichter 

[© 2003 by CHIRONOMUS, and O. Hoffrichter - Associated Editor] 

This listing is compiled, as usual, from many sources: databases, tables of contents of journals, references and 

citations of papers, autopsy of many periodicals, lists provided by authors (thanks to you!). As not all titles of a 

particular year can be reported the following year, the current titles are preceded by supplementary of the earlier 

year (2 years at most).Only printed titles are reported here. Online publications should be retrieved differently, in 

particular, check the chironomid home page for eventual references. 

Supplement to 2000 Current Bibliography: 

additions & corrections 

Amisah, S. and Cowx, I. G. 2000a. Impacts of 

abandoned mine and industrial discharges on 

fish abundance and macroinvertebrate diversity 

of the Upper River Don in South Yorkshire, UK. 

- J. Freshwat. Ecol. 15: 237-250. 

ASTM 2000a. Standard test methods for measuring 

the toxicity of sediment-associated contaminants 

with freshwater invertebrates. - In: ASTM 2000 

Annual book of standards 11.05: Biological 

effects and environmental fate. Biotechnology. 

Pesticides: 1141-1223. Am. Soc. Test. Mater., 

Philad. 

Belanger, S. E., Guckert, J. B., Bowling, J. W., 

Begley, W. M., Davidson, D. H., LeBlanc, E. M. 

and Lee, D. M. 2000a. Responses of aquatic 

communities to 25-6 alcohol ethoxylate in model 

stream ecosystems. - Aquat. Toxic. 48: 135-150. 

Belyanina, S. I. and Filinkova, T. N. 2000a. 

Chironomids of the genera Chironomus and 

Camptochironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) in 

the north of Russia. - In: Biodiversity and 

dynamics of ecosystems in North Eurasia 

[BDENE 2000], vol. 1, pt 3: Molecular-genetic 

bases of biodiversity (animals and plants), pp. 

17-18. Inst. Cytol. Genet. [IC & G], Sib. Otd. 

Ross. Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk. 

Bieniarz, K., Kownacki, A. a Epler, P. 2000a. 

Biologia stawów rybnych. Czesc I. (Biology of 

fish ponds. Part I.) - Wyd. Inst. Ryb. 

sródladowego. Olsztyn. 98 pp. 

Bis, B., Zdanowicz, A. and Zalewski, M. 2000a. 

Effects of catchment properties on 

hydrochemistry, habitat complexity and 

invertebrate community structure in a lowland 

river. - Hydrobiologia 422/423: 369-387. 

Bitušík, P. 2002a. Prírucka na urcovanie lariev 

pakomaróv (Diptera: Chironomidae) Slovenska. 

Cast I. Buchonomyiinae, Diamesinae, 

Prodiamesinae a Orthocladiinae. (A handbook 

to identification of chironomid laarvae (Diptera: 

Chironomidae) of Slovakia. Part I. 

Buchonomyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae a 

Orthocladiinae.) - Tech. Univ., Zvolen. 133 pp. 

Brune, A., Frenzel, P. and Cypionka, H. 2000a. 

Life at the oxic-anoxic interface: microbial 

activities and adaptations. - FEMS Microbiol. 

Rev. 24: 691-710. 

César,I. I., Ocón, C., Paggi, A. C., Rodrigues, C. 

A., Spaccesi, F., Tangorra, M. y Tassara, M. P. 

2000a. Diversidad de invertebrados bentónicos 

del Río de la Plata. - Biol. acuat. 19: 27-63. 

14 

Chakraborty, D. K., Mollah, M. A. R. and Ali, M. 

S. 2000a. Feeding interaction of cat fishes, 

Clarias gariepinus, Clarias batrachus and their 

hybrids. - Bangladesh J. Zool. 28: 33-40. 

Clements, W. H., Carlisle, D. M., Lazorchak, J. M. 

and Johnson, P. C. 2000a. Heavy metals 

structure benthic communities in Colorado 

mountain streams. - Ecol. Applic. 10: 626-638. 

Collier, K. J. and Halliday, J. N. 2000a. 

Macroinvertebrate-wood associations during 

decay of plantation pine in New Zealand 

pumice-bed streams: stable habitat or trophic 

subsidy? - J. N. Am. benthol. Soc. 19: 94-111. 

Courtney, L. A. and Clements, W. H. 2000a. 

Sensitivity to acidic pH in benthic invertebrate 

assemblages with different histories of exposure 

to metals. - J. N. Am. benthol. Soc. 19: 112-127. 

Diserud, O. H. and Engen, S. 2000a. A general and 

dynamic species abundance model, embracing 

the lognormal and the gamma models. - Am. Nat. 

155: 497-511. 

Durnova, N. A. and Belyanina, S. I. 2000a. 

Comparative analysis of the karyotypes of nine 

Glyptotendipes species (Diptera, Chironomidae) 

from Russia. - In: Biodiversity and dynamics of 

ecosystems in North Eurasia [BDENE 2000], 

vol. 1, pt 3: Molecular-genetic bases of 

biodiversity (animals and plants), pp. 31-34. 

Inst. Cytol. Genet. [IC & G], Sib. Otd. Ross. 

Akad. Nauk, Novosibirsk. 

Eckert, J. 2000a. Wie verwandt sind die 

Lebensgemeinschaften in aquatischen 

Mesokosmen und Gewässern in ihrer 

Umgebung? - Dipl.-Arb., RWTH Univ. Aachen. 

87 pp. 

Gong, Z., Xie, P. and Wang, S. 2000a. 

Macrozoobenthos in 2 shallow, mesotrophic 

Chinese lakes with contrasting sources of 

primary production. - J. N. Am. benthol. Soc. 19: 

709-724.

Gourari, L., Boushaba, A., Julia, R. etAkdim, B. 

2000a.. Hydrochimie, processus, facteurs de 

précipitation des encroûtements travertineaux et 

les cases géo-environnementales du 

ralentissement de leur formation actuelle dans le 

bassin karstique de l' Oued Aggai (Causse de 

Sefrou, Moyen-Atlas, Maroc). - Comun. Inst. 

geol. min 87: 

Grozev, D., Hubenova-Siderova, T. and Zaikov, A. 

2000a. Species and size selectivity of European 

cat-fish (Silurus glanis) to natural food when 

reared in aquarium to one month of age. - 

Zhivotnov"dni Nauki 37: 14-18. 

Grzybkowska, M. 2000a. (Drift not only genetic 

and continental.) - Kosmos 49: 113-122. 

Hahn, T., Liess, M. und Schulz, R. 2000a. 

Beeinträchtigungen des Hormonsystems durch 

Umweltchemikalien auch bei aquatischen 

Insekten? Mögliche Testendpunkte und erste 

Ergebnisse an Chironomus riparius (Diptera: 

Chironomidae). - Tag. Dt. Ges. Limnol. 1999: 

878-882. 

Hahn, T., Liess, M. und Schulz, R. 2000b. 

Chironomus riparius und Tebufenozid: Ein 

Modellsystem zur Erkennung hormoneller 

Wirkungen bei aquatischen Insekten. - Tag. Soc. 

envir. Toxic. Chem. (SETAC), dtspr. Sekt. 

Hamburg. 

Hoffman, R. L. and Liss, W. J. 2000a. Waldo Lake 

macroinvertebrates. - Lake Reservoir Mgmt 16: 

124-132. 

Jablonska, I. and Koszalka, J., 2000a. Assemblages 

of Chironomidae larvae in the Hanczanska Bay 

(Lake Wigry). - Nat. Sci. 5: 253-261. 

Johannson, O., Dermott, R., Graham, D. M., Dahl, 

J. A., Millard, E. S., Myles, D. D. and LeBlanc, 

J. 2000a. Benthic and pelagic secondary 

production in Lake Erie after the invasion of 

Dreissena spp. with implications for fish 

production. - J. Gt Lakes Res. 26: 31-54. 

Kangur, K. 2000a. Surusaasklased (Diptera: 

Chironomidae) kahes Eesti suurjarves. 

(Chironomidae in the macrozoobenthos of two 

large lakes of Estonia.) - Eesti Looduseuurijate 

Seltsi Aastaraamat 79: 182-199. 

Kashian, D. R. and Burton, T. M. 2000a. A 

comparison of macroinvertebrates of two Great 

Lakes coastal wetlands: testing potential metrics 

for an index of ecological integrity. - J. Gt Lakes 

Res. 26: 460-481. 

King, R. S., Nunnery, K. T. and Richardson, C. J. 

2000a. Macroinvertebrate assemblage response 

to highway crossings in forested wetlands: 

implications for biological assessment. - 

Wetlands Ecol. Mgmt 8: 243-256. 

Kitching, R. L. 2000a. Food webs and container 

habitats. The natural history and ecology of 

phytotelmata. - Camb. Univ. Pr., Camb. 431 pp. 

15 

Klukowska, M. 2000b. Relacja miedzy larwami 

Epoicocladius flavens (Diptera, Chironomidae) i 

Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera, 

Ephemeridae) - pasozytnictwo, komensalizm czy 

… ? (Relationship between Epoicocladius 

flavens (Diptera, Chironomidae) and Ephemera 

danica (Ephemeroptera, Ephemeridae) larvae - 

parasitism, commensalism or ... ?]. - VII 

Ogólnopolskie Warsztaty Bentologiczne (Proc. 

VII Polish benthol. Workshop), pp. 1-2. 

Kohler, A. E., Shively, R. S. and Peck, B. J. 2002a. 

Benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring in ther 

Lost River sub-basin, Oregon and California, 

1999. - In: Shively, R. S., Kohler, A. E., Peck, B. 

J., Coen, M. A. and Hayes, B. S. (eds.): Water 

quality, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish 

community monitoring in the Lost River subbasin, 

Oregon and California, 1999. Report of 

sampling activities in the Lost River sub-basin 

conducted by the U. S. Geol. Surv., Biol. 

Resourc. Div., Klamath Falls Duty Station: 25- 

71. 

Kownacki, A, Margraiter, M, Kawecka, B. and 

Kwandrans, J. 2000a. Effect of wastes on 

cyanobacteria, algae, and macroinvertebrate 

communities in an alpine stream. - Acta 

hydrobiol., Kraków 42: 215-230. 

Kownacki, A. 2000a. The use of benthic 

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