What types of Intelligence you have Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences explained

The theory of multiple intelligences was first proposed by Howard Gardner in the book “Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences”, where he broadens the definition of intelligence and outlines several distinct types of intellectual competencies.

What is the Multiple Intelligences Theory?

• Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have.
• This theory challenged the traditional notion that one single type of intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for general intelligence, only focuses on cognitive abilities.
• To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight different types of bits of intelligence consisting of: Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
• Gardner notes that the linguistic and logical-mathematical modalities are most typed valued in school and society.
• Gardner also suggests that there may other “candidate” intelligence—such as spiritual intelligence, existential intelligence, and moral intelligence—but does not believe these meet his original inclusion criteria. (Gardner, 2011).

Gardner defines intelligence as a “biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture” (Gardner, 2000, p.28).

Linguistic Intelligence (“word smart”)

Linguistic Intelligence is a part of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory that deals with sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. People with linguistic intelligence, such as William Shakespeare and Oprah Winfrey, have the ability to analyze information and create products involving oral and written language such as speeches, books, and memos.

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”)

Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. People with logical-mathematical intelligence, such as Albert Einstein and Bill Gates, have the ability to develop equations and proofs, make calculations, and solve abstract problems.

Spatial Intelligence (“picture smart”)

Spatial intelligence features the potential to recognize and manipulate the patterns of wide space (those used, for instance, by navigators and pilots) as well as the patterns of more confined areas, such as those of importance to sculptors, surgeons, chess players, graphic artists, or architects.

People with spatial intelligence, such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart, have the ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence (“body smart”)

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is the potential of using one’s whole body or parts of the body (like the hand or the mouth) to solve problems or to fashion products. People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, such as Michael Jordan and Simone Biles, have the ability to use their own body to create products, perform skills, or solve problems through mind-body unions.

Musical Intelligence (“music smart”)

Musical intelligence refers to the skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. People with musical intelligence, such as Beethoven and Ed Sheeran, have the ability to recognize and create musical pitch, rhythm, timbre, and tone.

Interpersonal Intelligence (“people smart”)

Interpersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand and work effectively with others. People with interpersonal intelligence, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa, have the ability to recognize and understand other people’s moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.

Intrapersonal Intelligence (“self-smart”)

Intrapersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself, to have an effective working model of oneself-including own’s desires, fears, and capacities—and to use such information effectively in regulating one’s own life. People with intrapersonal intelligence, such as Aristotle and Maya Angelou, have the ability to recognize and understand his or her own moods, desires, motivations, and intentions. This type of intelligence can help a person to understand which life goals are important and how to achieve them.

Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”)

Naturalistic intelligence involves expertise in recognizing and classifying the numerous species—the flora and fauna—of his or her environment.

People with naturalistic intelligence, such as Charles Darwin and Jane Goddall, can identify and distinguish among different types of plants, animals, and weather formations found in the natural world.

Reference

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