Fix the Red Ring of Death! (Without Towels)

Fix your Xbox 360's Red Ring of Death (RRoD) by yourself, no wrapping in towels or soldering irons required! If you no longer have a warranty on your Xbox 360 and it has developed the dreaded Red Ring, there is hope. You can still easily repair it.

As most of you know, the RRoD is a sign displayed by the 360's "Ring of Light" when there is a general hardware failure. While this can be caused by any part (or lack thereof) of the 360, the general cause is most often excessive heat, which stresses the solder joints on the CPU and GPU. Over time, these joints can become separated, which causes the Red Ring to appear after a few years of use, usually when you have a new game to play and you've taken the day off.

This method requires nothing but mere screws and washers. Seriously: no overheating your console, no adding new fans (although you can add them if you like), no towels. Ever since I did this I haven't had the console freeze up once.

Before you even think of unplugging your 360 let's work in a bit of intelligent forethought.

For starters, why would you need to repair the console yourself? If you have a working warranty I highly suggest you send the console to Microsoft for repairs, as a repair will void your warranty. While Microsoft has dropped the ball on product quality in an effort to get the 360 out before other consoles, they picked up the proverbial dirt-covered ball by extending all warranties to 3 years.

If you plan on actually reviving the 360 don't use the towel trick. What it does is overheat the inside of the console by blocking fan intakes, temporarily doing something to make the 360 run for a brief period of hours to days. While it may be the quick and easy approach, it also overheats every other component in the 360, which is never good. It can cause chips to fail, capacitors to dry out, release the magic smoke, and possibly spark a fire. So, unless you hate your Xbox something fierce, don't do this.

And of course, if you're on your 4th Red Ringed Xbox 360, and are considering buying a PS3...

FIX IT, REGARDLESS OF WARRANTY!

I would hate to see someone give up the pinnacle of gaming due to a simple flaw over a Blu-Ray player with gaming functionality.

So, if your warranty is void, or you're about to join the dark side of gaming, read on!

So, knowing what I've written, you ask yourself, "Self, if the 360 is baking its processors to the point that they'd separate, why aren't the heatsinks holding them tightly to the main board?" That's a very bright observation!

The problem is pictured below (the second image, silly). Those two X-shaped pieces of metal are what try to hold the heatsinks onto the CPU and GPU. Problem is, they aren't springy enough to do the job. The heatsinks have a tiny amount of wiggle room and the motherboard is free to warp from heat. That prohibits proper heat dissipation and allows the processors to break away from their connections. I blame bad design from Microsoft's need to get the 360 out before the PlayStation 3. But now isn't the time for blame. I bet you're about ready to buy one of those Blu-Ray players that come with gaming functionality.

So now we've determined that those "X-Clamps" need to go. The next step lists parts needed.

To secure your heatsinks tightly to the motherboard (and the metal case in the process) you will need:
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4 5x20MM Panhead Machine Screws (keep length between 20 and 40 MM)
4 5x15MM Panhead Machine Screw (must be no longer than 15MM!)
44 #10 Washers
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And for your English measurements (thanks to ajmontag for providing these):
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4 3/16" x 1" Panhead Machine Screws
4 3/16" x 1/2" Panhead Machine Screws
44 #10 Washers
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These 5x20MM (3/16"x1") screws will be used to secure the CPU heatsink.
The shorter screws will be used for the GPU, and 15MM is the most you can get into it. The 1/2" fits just fine with room to breathe.
About 44 #10 washers. These will be used to keep the motherboard firmly in one position. Nylon washers aren't necessary; there are no traces or components to be touched around the screw holes. But if you feel you must have them, I will not stop you from purchasing them.

And while you are working with the heatsinks, you may want to apply new and better thermal paste to them. I suggest picking up a tube of Arctic Silver 5.

Tool-wise, you'll need:
A drill or drillpress to widen screwholes in the metal case (with a 3/16 drill bit)
A torx 9 and torx 6 screwdriver to remove screws from the 360's case
A 1/4 inch wrench or socket to remove the X-Clamp posts from the heatsinks
A phillips-head screwdriver for those machine screws (or flathead if that's what you got)
And a tiny flathead screwdriver to pry off the X-Clamps.

Anything else like tape and steel scrubbers should be kicking around in your house.

Right, first thing we gotta do is open this sucka up. I'll point you to the tutorial I read, because opening the 360 is an Instructable in itself.

http://www.anandtech.com/systems/showdoc.aspx?i=2610&p=2

You need to remove everything from the metal case (if you can't get the fans out, that's fine). Set the motherboard on a clean surface, like a newspaper. Put the DVD drive, screws, plastic case and other parts someplace where they can't get harmed.

Now you gotta remove the heatsinks from the processors. This is very nerve-wracking. I used a small flathead screwdriver, and pried two or three of the X-Clamp's legs from the posts attached to the heatsinks. But if the blade of said pointy object were to slip, it could take out a bunch of tiny parts as it scrapes across your motherboard. The solution?

Put a piece of corrugated cardboard over the motherboard, where the screwdriver blade would rip through. :D . So if it were to slip now, it'll just hurt a severed piece of a box.

You'll want to pop off 3 of the bracket legs because the 4th one won't have anything holding it on. Once you get the clamps off, the heatsinks will come off on top side of the motherboard (you may need to tug on them a bit if the thermal paste is sticky). The next step deals with the heatsinks themselves.

Once the $10 heatsinks are freed from the $200-some motherboard, you need to remove the 1/4 inch thingamabobs (X-clamp posts). Use a 1/4 inch nut driver, wrench, or adjustable wrench to get them off. Sit them and the X-clamps in a bag/parts drawer; you won't be needing them again. Take a metal scrubber and remove the thermal gunk from the heatsinks. And, while we're at it, get a toothpick and carefully scrape the gunk off the CPU and GPU. Nothing better than powering on a reborn 360 with clean heatsinks, no?

To use those 5MM machine screws, you'll need to widen the 8 screw holes in the metal case that previously secured the X-clamp posts. They are highlighted in the second photo.

To widen them, use a 3/16 inch drill bit with a drill press or hand drill. If you're using a hand drill, set a wooden block under each hole as you drill it to avoid warping the case. If you're using a drill press as I did there should be a steel pedestal with a hole for the drill bit to pass through, saving the case from serious FUBAR-age.

Have the bit spinning before you push into the center of the hole. Repeat this for all the holes. Make sure there are no burrs left on the holes or shards kicking around in the case afterwards. Bang it around a few times to get them out. The last thing you'd want is to have your 360 die from little pieces of metal shorting it out.

So far, we've prepped the heatsinks and the motherboard case for these 5MM screws. Now we get to make sumthin' of it!

With the case sitting flat, fan hole in the back on the right, take note of where you need to stick these screws. The 4 holes on the left X are for your GPU, the 4 holes to the right will be for the CPU screws.

Now put the 5x15MM screws in the GPU screwholes, screwheads on the outside, so that they come into the case. Put tape over the heads to keep them from falling back out, as shown in the second photo. Now put the 5x20MM screws into the CPU screwholes and tape them just like the GPU screws. This tape is very important so don't take it off until I say so! Ha ha.

Lay the case flat again and all the screws should be poking up at you, as they are in the main photo. Place 3 or 4 5MM washers on each of them, the idea being to get them level with the motherboard standoffs. Use a straightedge to check. If they come up too short or too high the motherboard will get warped and you won't be fixing anything.

Now the fun begins. You gotta get the motherboard back in the case with the goal of getting the screws into those orange holes that the X-Clamp posts went through. All while you try to keep those washers on the screws! If they fall off at any point, you'll have to take the motherboard out, put them back on the screw(s), and repeat. So try not to do it, eh?

Tilt the case onto its right side (where the hard drive connector would be) so that you can reach the screws underneath. Angle the back of the motherboard into the case and push it all the way to the rear of the case. Lower the board until it gets held up by the rear CPU screws you installed (they should be the CPU screws if the screws were taller than the GPU screws). Now, untape one of those rear CPU screws and point it into its hole. Give it a few twists to hold it in place and thread the other one in. Now, while carefully holding the motherboard and those untaped screws, lower the motherboard until more screws hold you up and get them into their holes. Don't let those washers fall out!

When it's all said and done you'll have screws poking through those holes. Tape the heads back to the case so they don't fall out. Now press on the motherboard around the screws. It should be solid at each screw. If not you'll need to get back to those washers and pop another one on.

But if it's all nice and immobile throw two washers onto each GPU screw, one onto each CPU screw, and head to the next step!

Now we get to mess with those screws one more time before the tape gets taken off for good. Before you put the heatsinks back on, put thermal paste onto the CPU and GPU dies (the silver shiny things). A paper-thin coat will be good. If you're using a silver-based paste, make sure you don't put on a ton because if it gets onto anything the silver's conductivity will mess with the other components.

Pick whichever heatsink you wanna put on first. Make sure the CPU's copper heatpipe is facing away from the GPU heatsink when you put it on. The GPU heatsink won't let the CPU heatsink on if you put it on wrong. The easiest way to get this right is to look at the smudge marks on the heatsinks, and match 'em with their processors. When you thread the screws on start each one off lightly, then get them up tightly. Try to get them evenly tightened to avoid having too much pressure on one side of the processor and too little on another. When it's all done right the heatsinks should not move at all.

Now we get to test it out!

Hook your 360's AV and power cable in and plug the RF board (the circuit board that has the Ring of Light LEDs) back into the 360. Otherwise you won't be turning it on. :D

Turn it on without the fans plugged in, checking to see how fast the heatsinks heat up. Getting hot in less than a minute is excellent. Now plug in the fans and put on that plastic fan shroud. Turn it on again and it should boot up normally, assuming you did the heat test (if you didn't plug in the DVD drive, the center LED will blink green).

If it goes RRoD instead, unplug the power cable, re-insert it and try again. If you cannot get the console to boot, press down on both the heatsinks with even force and power it on again. If it boots, power it on with only one heatsink pressed upon. If it boots with that particular heatsink pressed on, power the 360 off and keep re-booting until you find the problem corner(s) on the heatsink that needs tightening.

The idea is to tighten any heatsink corners that aren't tight enough in order to allow a good connection for that processor.

So if it boots up normally and you can play a game for at least an hour without it locking up, you've worked your magic and the 360 can be re-assembled! Have a beer, rent a movie, eat some gummy bears, do whatever it is you do to treat yourself because YOU DID IT!

The next step goes over some measures you can take to prevent overheating.

Now that you've resurrected your console, what can you do to prevent such a travesty from happening again? As you see in the main photo, I attached a small fan from a PCI graphics card onto the CPU heatsink and wired it into the 360's fan power supply. With it pushing air through the heatsink (or pulling it in if that's your view) the air coming out of the exhaust is actually cool!

NOTE: There is word on the interwebz that Microsoft will ban you from Xbox Live for installing new fans. You have been warned.

Since there's no room to easily add a fan to the GPU heatsink, the next best thing you can do is optimize airflow. While the 360 has dual exhaust fans, most of the airflow goes to the CPU heatsink. By adding cardboard to the fan shroud and covering the top of the GPU heatsink as depicted, you can improve airflow even more as you've just devoted a whole fan to it.

And if you really don't like the stock fans in the 360 you can always buy 3rd party replacements. There's Talismoon's Whisper brand of fans with LED accents. I can't say anything on quality as I haven't used one, but they seem to be quite popular. They can be found at http://www.Divineo.com.

And now onto the shoutouts:
Thanks to Google first and foremost (LOLz), Xbox-Scene.com and it's members for their endeavors in resolving this issue, and RBJTech for the idea of adding cardboard to the fan shroud. Thanks to both those sites for all the info that I mixed and matched to create this tutorial.

Oh yeah, and a special thanks to Cheerios for providing better airflow than Microsoft could.

Instructables FTW!

-Dr. Professor Jake "Biggs" Turner