Coast Safe Report 2018 by Surf Life Saving Queensland

C O A S T S A F E R E P O R T 2 018 SURF LIFE S AVING QUEENSL A ND

2 017/18 D R O W N I N G S N A P S H O T QUEENSL AND BE ACHES

6 40.3

DROWNING DEATHS ON QUEENSLAND BEACHES

AVG AGE

33%

INTERNATIONAL NATIONALITY

ZERO BETWEEN SLSQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FLAGS 6 7 % OCCURRED AT UNPATROLLED BEACHES

2 Wide Bay Capricorn

3 Sunshine Coast

1 Greater Brisbane region

50 % 33 % AF T E RN O O N

M A RCH

CONTENTS

IN TRODU C TION 4 E XECU TIVE SUMM A RY

CH A LLENGE S A ND OPPORT UNITIE S

S TR ATEGIC DIREC T ION TO MINIMISE DROWNING DE ATHS

AUS TR A LI A N WAT ER S A FE T Y S TR ATEGY 2016 â&#x2C6;&#x2019;2020 10 COA S TA L A ND INL A ND BL ACK SPOT S

BL ACK SPOT INIT I ATIV E S

S EC TION 1: YE A R IN RE VIE W

S EC TION 2: TE N YE A R S IN RE VIE W

S EC TION 3: INL A ND WATE R S

S EC TION 4: M A RINE CRE ATURE S

S EC TION 5: OUR S E RVI CE S

ME THOD OLOGY, RE SE A RCH, A ND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S

GLOS S A RY 6 0

All care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of statistical information included within this report, as of 6 July 2018. However, it is important to note that data may be amended over time as new information comes to light and/or following the outcome of Coronial investigations that are ongoing at time of print. Front cover image courtesy of Luke Casey. Other images from iStock, Shutterstock, Tourism & Events Queensland, Destination Gold Coast (Barberstock).

INTRODUCTION

OUR VISION Z E R O P R E V E N TA B L E D E AT H S I N Q U E E N S L A N D P U B L I C W AT E R S .

ABOUT SLSQ INTRODUCTION

WHO WE ARE

OUR MISSION

Surf Life Saving Queensland (SLSQ) is the state’s leading authority on aquatic safety and surf rescue, and one of the largest volunteer-based community service organisations in Australia.

SLSQ will operate as a proactive and effective peak body, leading the way in lifesaving service provision, education, sport, beach safety advocacy and community leadership.

From humble beginnings, when the first official rescue was recorded on a Queensland beach in 1909, SLSQ has developed into a ground-breaking and highly innovative organisation encompassing 58 clubs and more than 32,000 members across the state.

OUR STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES

SLSQ’s volunteer surf lifesavers and lifeguards have directly saved the lives of more than 140,000 people through in-water rescues, and educated in excess of 10 million people about surf and aquatic safety through targeted and grassroots community awareness programs.

Connected To Our People To recruit and retain the best people through support and development of their skills and knowledge.

As a not-for-profit organisation, SLSQ relies heavily on community support and donations to continue our vital work both on and off Queensland’s beaches. It is the generous support of Queenslanders that enables us to help keep beachgoers safe. SLSQ is directly affiliated with, and is part of, Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) and the International Life Saving Federation (ILS).

OUR VISION Zero preventable deaths in Queensland public waters. Note: Public waters is defined by SLSQ as any freely-accessible waterway including, but not limited to, beaches, rivers, creeks, dams, lakes, lagoons, and streams; this excludes commercial and private swimming pools, as well as household waters such as bath tubs, sinks and backyard containers.

Committed To Our Community To advocate water safety management and continue to enhance the reputation of SLSQ as the peak body.

Effective In Our Business To plan and execute our day-to-day operations to an outstanding level of efficiency, with continuous improvement always in mind. Sustainable For Our Future To ensure SLSQ is equipped for the future through continuous growth, strong financial management and sound governance.

OUR FUNDING SLSQ is a not-for-profit community service organisation that relies heavily on public and corporate support to fund our operations along Queensland’s coastline. In addition to public donations and sponsorship, SLSQ also receives financial support from the Queensland Government via grants, subsidies and service agreements.

OUR PRIMARY TARGET International and domestic visitors to Queensland’s beaches and waterways.

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A RY INTRODUCTION

very year millions of people flock to Queensland’s beaches and entrust the ‘red and yellow army’ of surf lifesavers and lifeguards to keep them safe in the water. However, on top of this, there are countless others who enter the surf at remote and unpatrolled locations, or who choose to swim instead at lakes, rivers, dams, or creeks with no lifesaving service present.

The challenge for Surf Life Saving Queensland (SLSQ) is to develop and implement proactive strategies to educate, protect, and keep swimmers safe in the water. As the state’s peak authority on coastal and aquatic safety, SLSQ remains more committed than ever to increasing and enhancing protection for all swimmers, both on and off the beach, as part of our overarching vision of ‘Zero preventable deaths in Queensland public waters.’ This sees SLSQ work closely with key stakeholders at all levels to analyse and assess aquatic risks, deliver educational programs, and implement proactive services to extend our reach across all beaches and waterways. Tragically, despite these efforts, we are continuing to see people lose their lives along our state’s coastline and in public and inland waters. In 2017/18 there were six drowning deaths recorded on Queensland beaches, representing a slight increase when compared to four drowning deaths the year before. As far as SLSQ is concerned, that is six drowning deaths too many. In addition, a further 19 people drowned at inland aquatic locations in 2017/18, reinforcing the need for a sustained and continued focus on safety across all public waters in Queensland. The Coast Safe Report 2018 provides a snapshot of coastal and aquatic incidents, drowning deaths, and other fatalities across Queensland in the past 12 months. Additionally, it outlines some of the key programs and initiatives being rolled out by SLSQ in a bid to increase protection on the beach and within inland waterways. Importantly, the data presented within this report will help SLSQ identify and analyse long-term drowning trends, highlight particularly high-risk blackspots, and lay the foundations for the introduction of proactive water safety strategies moving forward. Now, more than ever, SLSQ is committed to building upon our services and strategies in a bid to boost protection for all communities and, ultimately, eliminate drowning deaths in the state of Queensland.

John Brennan OAM Chief Executive Officer Surf Life Saving Queensland

Peta Lawlor Lifesaving Services Manager Surf Life Saving Queensland

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Heading into 2018/19 and beyond, SLSQ has identified a number of key challenges and opportunities when it comes to reducing, and ultimately eliminating, drowning deaths and other fatalities at coastal and inland aquatic locations.

CHALLENGES

OPPORTUNITIES

SLSQ has identified the following challenges when it comes to eliminating drowning deaths in all public waters across Queensland:

In addition, SLSQ has identified the following opportunities to help protect residents and tourists across Queensland’s coastline and at inland aquatic locations:

• An increased rate of low to poor swimming ability amongst school students aged five to 17 years old; • An inconsistent and scattered approach to aquatic safety signage across Queensland, with some local governments and land managers opting to use internal style guides rather than nationally recognised standardised signage; • A significant increase in the number of international migrants permanently relocating to Queensland, many of whom have limited experience in and around the ocean and other waterways; • High visitation rates amongst Asian and other international tourists, many of whom have limited swimming ability and/or surf safety awareness; • An increase in the number of rescues occurring outside of the flags, placing a strain on SLSQ’s existing resources at patrolled beaches; • A lack of top-level consultation between SLSQ and other key agencies when it comes to collecting and monitoring aquatic safety data and key statistics; • A lack of access to data and statistics from some regional councils; • Some councils not adopting standard recommendations regarding safety signage, emergency beacons, cameras, and flying of Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS); • The requirement to liaise with multiple land managers and agencies to implement lifesaving services at various locations; • An inconsistent approach to aquatic safety amongst some tourism operators; and • A finite and limited pool of allocated funding to effectively advocate and manage drowning prevention strategies in Queensland.

• Work directly with key stakeholders to develop and implement mandatory school-based programs to help improve the swimming ability of Queensland residents, • Continue to work closely with land managers to increase the use of appropriate and consistent aquatic safety signage at high-risk locations across Queensland; • Build on SLSQ’s century of experience saving lives along Queensland’s coastline, and transfer this expertise to protecting swimmers at inland aquatic locations across the state; • Further develop SLSQ’s suite of educational programs, designed to improve public knowledge and understanding of coastal and aquatic dangers; • Build upon SLSQ’s 24/7 emergency response capacity in all key locations across the state; • Increase communication, collaboration, and integration with key health agencies across Queensland in a bid to improve the accuracy of marine stinger and coastal safety data; and • Seek additional Government funding and support to ensure that SLSQ has the capacity and resources to continue saving lives and eliminating drowning deaths in all public waters in Queensland.

S T R AT E G I C D I R E C T I O N T O M I N I M I S E D R O W N I N G D E AT H S The International Life Saving Federation (ILS) has identified four key factors that may lead to drowning. These are: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lack of knowledge, disregard or misjudgement of the hazard Uninformed, unprotected or unrestricted access to the hazard Lack of supervision or surveillance An inability to cope once in difficulty

Any of these factors, or a combination, could lead to death by drowning. An understanding of these factors, and how they contribute to drowning or coastal fatalities, helps in the design of drowning prevention strategies. Having a strong understanding and appreciation about which factors are the greatest contributors will play a key role in eliminating drowning deaths within a particular region. Some regions may require a wider approach to coastal safety encompassing multiple elements while, in other regions, a strategic focus on one core element could be the most effective use of resources. Importantly, SLSQ continues to address and focus on programs, education, information, skills, supervision and recommendations to land managers and key stakeholders to minimise risk within coastal and aquatic environments.

A U S T R A L I A N WAT E R S A F E T Y S T R AT E GY 2 016 −2 0 2 0 SLSQ continues to embrace the Australian Water Safety Strategy for 2016-2020, in relation to reducing drowning deaths. As part of this, a number of key objectives have been identified to reduce drowning deaths across the country. These have been outlined below, alongside pertinent strategies and initiatives implemented by SLSQ across the past 12 months.

OBJECTIVE

KEY SLSQ STRATEGIES Build on Surf Life Saving’s iconic Nippers program as it celebrates its 50th anniversary across Queensland. Continue to roll out SLSQ’s award-winning Little Lifesavers program, and build on the Little Lifesavers Legends initiative. Increase surf safety talks targeting children, including On The Same Wave and Queensland Health Beach Safe. Roll out pop-up clinics featuring the Surf Crew Harbour Town vehicle at high-risk locations, designed to engage with young beachgoers.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN CHILDREN AGED 0-14

Continue to build on the success of the Breaka Beach to Bush program. Continue development of the Let’s Be Watersafe Learn to Swim program targeting young children aged under 4. Build upon SLSQ’s school program, including helicopter landings at primary and secondary schools. Continue to deliver the Sporting Schools Program to educate students about the importance of water safety, while increasing their confidence in the water and on the beach. Extend the Watersafe educational program from one week to one month of lifesaving activities. Build upon existing digital media strategy targeted towards key youth demographic on relevant channels and platforms. Build upon SLSQ’s airport welcoming service to engage with international and domestic travellers. Increase surf talks, including On The Same Wave and Queensland Health Beach Safe, as well as presentations to students at local universities. Engage with and educate Schoolies through presentations and targeted initiatives. Increase dusk patrols at Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. Roll out national surf safety campaigns and community service announcements.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 15-24

Engage with multicultural beachgoers via SLSQ’s On The Same Wave program. Build on SLSQ’s Don’t Drink and Swim campaigns, including safety messaging in promotion of Nineteen 09 Coastal Ale beer in partnership with Newstead Brewing Co. Establish and roll out the Queensland Health inland blackspot program, visiting inland locations to engage communities and offering online educational resources for remote schools and teachers. Continue the Harbour Town Surf Crew car program on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast with pop up clinics. Build upon existing digital media strategy targeted towards key youth demographic on relevant channels and platforms. Work with State Government to trial new technology at selected beaches to encourage beachgoers to stay between the flags and deliver targeted safety messaging. Build on SLSQ’s Don’t Drink and Swim campaigns, including safety messaging in promotion of Nineteen 09 Coastal Ale beer in partnership with Newstead Brewing Co.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN MALES AGED 25-64

Continue to rollout airport welcoming services at high-risk locations. Increase dusk patrols at Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. Engage with potential beachgoers through university initiatives and presentations. Continue to engage with multicultural beachgoers via SLSQ’s On The Same Wave program.

OBJECTIVE

KEY SLSQ STRATEGIES Continue the Harbour Town Surf Crew car program on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast with pop up clinics.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN MALES AGED 25-64 (CONTINUED)

Build upon existing digital media strategy targeted towards key youth demographic on relevant channels and platforms. Continued community awareness presence at events relevant to the target demographic, including Townsville, Ipswich and Gold Coast V8 Supercars. Work with State Government to trial new technology at selected beaches to encourage beachgoers to stay between the flags and deliver targeted safety messaging. Build on SLSQ’s Don’t Drink and Swim campaigns. Continue to rollout airport welcoming services at high-risk locations.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN PEOPLE AGED 65+

Facilitation of surf safety presentations. Continued community awareness presence at events relevant to the target demographic. Work with State Government to trial new technology at selected beaches to encourage beachgoers to stay between the flags and deliver targeted safety messaging. Work closely with Seqwater to conduct aquatic audits at dams and waterways. Continue to educate dam users about aquatic safety in cooperation with Seqwater. Promote safe swimming and water practices via SLSQ’s annual Breaka Beach to Bush program. Build upon SLSQ’s presence at Seqwater’s Play It Safe initiative.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN INLAND WATERWAYS

Develop water safety collateral, promoting safe swimming practices at dams, creeks, rivers, lagoons, and other waterways. Work with councils, government, and land managers to review and assess safety signage at aquatic locations. Extend the Watersafe educational program from one week to one month of lifesaving activities. Establish and roll out the Queensland Health inland blackspot program, visiting inland locations to engage communities and offering online educational resources for remote schools and teachers. Build upon existing digital media strategy, targeted towards location-specific messaging relevant to inland waterways. Build upon SLSQ’s airport welcoming services. Continue to roll out SLSQ’s surf talks and beach safety clinics. Increase community awareness presence at schools, universities, and community events. Review and build upon front-line lifesaving services (e.g. surf lifesaving patrols, operations support, lifeguard services) Produce and distribute surf safety iMaps for all regions across the state.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN COASTAL WATERS

Continue to work with councils and land managers to review and implement surf safety signage. Continue to promote the ‘Be Snorkelsafe’ campaign, including safety videos produced for tour operators and ferry services at Green Island. Enhance Crocwise education using drone technology to identify and monitor animals ensuring early detection for better beach safety. Build a program that integrates drone technology into lifesaving service to enhance aquatic safety. Work with State Government to trial new technology at selected beaches to encourage beachgoers to stay between the flags and deliver targeted safety messaging. Build upon existing digital media strategy, targeted towards location-specific messaging relevant to coastal waters. Review and build upon front-line lifesaving services (e.g. surf lifesaving patrols, operations support, lifeguard services)

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS BY STRENGTHENING THE AQUATIC INDUSTRY

Continue development of the Let’s Be Watersafe Learn to Swim program targeting young children aged under 4. Extend the Watersafe educational program from one week to one month of lifesaving activities. Strengthen and develop working relationship with Royal Lifesaving. Digital strategy and collaboration in partnership with key safety agencies.

OBJECTIVE

KEY SLSQ STRATEGIES Build on SLSQ’s Don’t Drink and Swim campaigns, including safety messaging in promotion of Nineteen 09 Coastal Ale beer in partnership with Newstead Brewing Co.

REDUCE ALCOHOL AND DRUG RELATED DROWNING DEATHS

Continue to leverage media coverage to promote safe swimming practices. Build upon dawn and dusk patrols at Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. Build upon existing digital strategy and collaboration in partnership with key agencies, including Queensland Health. Continue to build upon our existing relationship with Maritime Safety Queensland.

REDUCE BOATING, WATERCRAFT AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY RELATED DROWNING DEATHS

Create campaign focusing on boating, watercraft and rock fishing. Targeted digital advertising to key demographics through podcasts, online media, and gaming industry. Build upon existing digital media strategy targeted towards key demographic on relevant channels and platforms. Continue to engage with multicultural beachgoers via SLSQ’s On The Same Wave program. Build upon SLSQ’s airport welcoming services. Increase SLSQ’s focus on blackspot services.

REDUCE DROWNING DEATHS IN HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS

Build upon SLSQ’s dusk patrol service at Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. Continue to make use of SLSQ’s Surf Speak booklet to engage with multicultural beachgoers. Seek to provide surf safety information to new Australian citizens. Continue to work with local Indigenous communities, including the Clontarf Academy Bronze Medallion course. Expanding existing digital media strategy to include languages of high-risk populations, engaging them via popular websites and platforms. Continue to build relationships with Local Disaster Management Groups across the state.

REDUCE THE IMPACT OF DISASTER AND EXTREME WEATHER ON DROWNING DEATHS

Solidify SLSQ’s seat on the State Disaster Management Group and other committees. Review and adjust SLSQ policies regarding the closure of beaches during natural disasters and emergency situations. Continued to roll out existing digital media strategy and crisis communications plan, including regular social media updates and key safety information during times of natural disaster.

SERVICES

389,013

701,973

111

PATROLLED BEACHES

EXTERNAL AGENCY

TASK REQUESTS

224,068 HELICOPTER MISSION HOURS

AFTER HOURS TASKS

VO L U N T E E R S , L I F E G U A R D S & A S S E T S

9,120

CLUBS

4X4 HELICOPTERS

EMERGENCY BEACON AND CAMERA TRAILERS

369 14

PATROLLING VOLUNTEERS

COASTAL CAMERAS

PATROLLING LIFEGUARDS

JETSKIS

FIXED BEACONS

REPEATERS

LIFEGUARD

SERVICES

BE ACH AND TOURISM TRENDS

2.6M

INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS

VISITED QUEENSLAND*

1.5%

DOMESTIC VISITORS

INTO QUEENSLAND

4.3%

POPULATION

INCREASE #

GROWTH IN INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS TO QUEENSLAND*

INCREASE IN NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS ARRIVING*

% TOWNSVILLE

% SOUTHERN GBR

% GOLD COAST

TOP 5 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS *

1. CHINA 2. NEW ZEALAND 3. USA 4. JAPAN 5. GERMANY

2018 COMMONWEALTH GAMES â&#x20AC; ATHLETES/ OFFICIALS

523K+

SPECTATORS @ FESTIVAL2018

1.2M+

VISITORS FROM MORE THAN

TICKETS SOLD TO EVENTS 15

C O A S TA L B L A C K S P O T L O C AT I O N S 2 01 8 /1 9

1. S UNSHINE COAST – PEREGIAN BEACH TO TEA TREE BAY

2. N ORTH QUEENSLAND – GREEN ISLAND

3. G OLD COAST – SURFERS PARADISE (TOWER 33-35)

4. S UNSHINE COAST – NOOSA RIVER TO DOUBLE ISLAND POINT HEADLAND

5. N ORTH STRADBROKE ISLAND – FRENCHMANS BEACH TO POINT LOOKOUT HEADLAND (TO SOUTH GORGE)

Above photos courtesy of Tourism and Events Queensland

C O A S TA L A N D I N L A N D B L A C K S P O T S

Each year SLSQ reviews data related to drowning deaths, rescues, and key incidents around Queensland to identify particular ‘high-risk’ coastal and inland blackspots.

2017/18 COASTAL BLACKSPOTS In August 2017, SLSQ identified five locations as coastal blackspots for 2017/18. These have been listed below and include one in North Queensland, two on the Gold Coast and two on the Sunshine Coast. 1. North Queensland – Green Island 2. Gold Coast – Surfers Paradise (Tower 33-35) 3. Sunshine Coast – Noosa River to Double Island Point headland 4. Sunshine Coast – Peregian to Sunshine Beach 5. Gold Coast – Marina Mirage to South Stradbroke Island (500m north of the southern end)

2018/19 INLAND BLACKSPOTS Following an extensive review of data related to drowning deaths and other incidents at inland aquatic locations over the past 12 months and five years, five locations have been identified by SLSQ as inland blackspots for 2018/19. These have been listed below in order of priority. 1. Brisbane – Brisbane River (Sector 2 – Story Bridge (M7) to Centenary Highway (M5)) 2. Gold Coast – Currumbin Creek 3. Gold Coast – Tallebudgera Creek 4. North Queensland – Josephine Falls 5. Brisbane – Brisbane River (Sector 3 – Centenary Highway (M5) and inland)

2018/19 COASTAL BLACKSPOTS

2018/19 INLAND WATCH LIST

In July 2018, five locations were identified by SLSQ as coastal blackspots for 2018/19. These have been listed below in order of priority.

Also for the first time, SLSQ has this year identified a watch list of locations that could potentially become ‘high risk’ inland blackspots. These are listed below.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Sunshine Coast – Peregian Beach to Tea Tree Bay North Queensland – Green Island Gold Coast – Surfers Paradise (Tower 33-35) Sunshine Coast – Noosa River to Double Island Point headland 5. North Stradbroke Island – Frenchmans Beach to Point Lookout headland (to South Gorge)

• Gold Coast – Broadwater (Broadwater Parklands − Sundale Bridge) • West Moreton – Somerset Dam

For further information on blackspot initiatives, please see next page.

2018/19 COASTAL WATCH LIST For the first time, SLSQ has this year identified a watch list of locations that could potentially become ‘high risk’ coastal blackspots. These are listed below. • Fraser Island – Parts of the western coast (marine stinger sampling) • Gold Coast – Southport Spit • Wide Bay – Elliott River Mouth

DID YOU KNOW? Frenchmans Beach on North Stradbroke Island is a notoriously dangerous location, with two serious incidents in the 2017/18 season resulting in its inclusion in the 2018/19 Coastal Blackspots list. The beach is featured on the front cover of this report.

B L A C K S P O T I N I T I AT I V E S 2 017/18

In 2017/18, SLSQ introduced the below initiatives to reduce drowning deaths at identified blackspot locations.

BLACKSPOT

INITIATIVES Installation of a permanent lifeguard tower at Green Island. Work in consultation with tourism industry operators to increase both supervision and protection of recreational snorkellers.

NORTH QUEENSLAND Green Island

Continue to advocate for industry-wide, mandatory, use of lifejackets for all recreational snorkellers on Green Island. Build closer working relationships with ferries, barges, and other vessels transporting tourists to and from Green Island to promote surf safety. Increase media coverage to promote safe swimming practices. Investigate the feasibility and practicality of remotely-piloted aircraft (drones) for patrols. Continue to build upon SLSQ’s dusk service, with increased patrol days across the peak Christmas holiday period. Boost volunteer patrols at Surfers Paradise with additional manpower, when needed.

GOLD COAST Surfers Paradise (Tower 33-35)

Increase community awareness and educational efforts to promote safe swimming practices, including SLSQ’s Don’t Drink and Swim campaign. Roll out pop-up beach clinics during peak holiday periods to engage with beachgoers and provide them with vital safety information. Increase roving Waverunner patrols within the area. Increase aerial surveillance from Noosa to Double Island Point via SLSQ’s Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service.

SUNSHINE COAST Noosa River to Double Island Point Headland

Work with Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service to include surf safety information with all permits. Installation of a portable emergency response beacon and surf safety camera. Investigate the feasibility and practicality of remotely-piloted aircraft (drones) for patrols. Upgrade signage on the emergency response beacon at Noosa North Shore Beachfront Campground. Expand and build upon SLSQ’s Waverunner patrols during peak school holiday periods.

SUNSHINE COAST Peregian to Sunshine Beach

Relocate Waverunner 18 to Peregian. Introduce a third lifeguard on weekends and public holidays from September to May to support and boost existing services. Equip all Waverunners operating within the area with first aid kits.

GOLD COAST Marina Mirage to South Stradbroke Island (500m north of the southern end)

Roll out additional Waverunner patrols during the Christmas school holidays and the Commonwealth Games. Maintain duty officer and SurfCom surveillance via roving patrols and SLSQ’s surf safety camera. Implement a static surf safety display at SeaWorld Resort and surrounding hotels, motels, and accommodation providers.

B L A C K S P O T I N I T I AT I V E S 2 018/19

In 2018/19, SLSQ will seek to introduce the following initiatives to reduce drowning deaths at identified blackspot locations.

BLACKSPOT

INITIATIVES Continue mid-week roving Waverunner patrols on weekends during the September, Christmas, and Easter school holidays.

SUNSHINE COAST Peregian Beach to Tea Tree Bay

Targeted surf safety brochures and information flyers for distribution to all accommodation provides within the Sunrise-North Peregian region. Undertake a review of current signage within the Noosa National Park area. Upgrade the current emergency beacon system in Alexandria Bay. Work in consultation with tourism industry operators to increase supervision and protection of recreational snorkellers. Continue to advocate for industry-wide, mandatory use of lifejackets for recreational snorkellers on Green Island.

NORTH QUEENSLAND Green Island

Develop surf safety messaging for display on all passenger ferries transporting tourists to Green Island. Commence Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS) operations on Green Island during peak periods. Continue to engage with local media to support surf safety messages when visiting the reef. Introduce a roving Waverunner patrol from Noosa on weekends during the September, Christmas, and Easter school holidays, covering north of the Noosa river.

SUNSHINE COAST Noosa River to Double Island Point headland

Work with Queensland Parks and Wildlife Services to distribute surf safety information with all permits to the area. Trial mobile emergency response camera and beacon device at Double Island Point during the peak Christmas school holiday period. Upgrade beacon signage at Noosa North Shore to ensure the device has greater visibility. Continue to build upon SLSQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dusk patrol service during the peak Christmas holiday period.

GOLD COAST Surfers Paradise (Tower 33-35)

Support, and boost, volunteer patrols at Surfers Paradise with additional manpower when needed. Continue to provide community awareness and educational programs, and beach safety information to promote safe swimming practices. Continue to deliver Harbour Town Surf Crew clinics at Surfers Paradise.

NORTH STRADBROKE ISLAND Frenchmans Beach to Point Lookout headland (to South Gorge)

Implement new and upgraded signage at Point Lookout Headland and Main Beach areas. Work with land managers to install emergency beacons at North Gorge Headland and Frenchmans Beach stairs. Install public rescue equipment within certain areas of the headland.

SECTION 1

YEAR IN REVIEW

6 D R O W N I N G D E AT H S

Q U E E N S L A N D ' S T O P. . . YEAR IN REVIEW

TOP BEACHES: RESCUES Noosa

TOP BEACHES: FIRST AIDS 276

Noosa Heads

3,570

Mooloolaba

181

Sunshine

1,677

Tallebudgera Creek

102

Coolum

1,146

Surfers Paradise

Mooloolaba

1,122

Kings Beach

Noosa West

1,121

TOP BEACHES: CLOSURES FOR CONDITIONS

The icons displayed on the map represent the locations listed in the tables. * T he above listed statistics do not include Gold Coast Council statistics.

TOP BEACHES: CLOSURES FOR STINGERS

Main Beach, Point Lookout

229

Eimeo

Kawana

Clifton Beach

Marcoola

Ellis Beach

Maroochydore

Kewarra

Alexandra Headland

Palm Cove

Mudjimba

Trinity Beach

Yorkeys Knob

2 017/18 O V E R V I E W YEAR IN REVIEW

As the state’s peak authority on coastal and aquatic safety, SLSQ remains committed to building upon services at all levels in a bid to increase protection and eliminate all drowning deaths. This sees SLSQ monitor, track, and analyse all coastal fatalities and drowning deaths across Queensland each year. This extensive process helps SLSQ identify aquatic trends, and review the need for additional programs, services, and/or technology to support surf lifesavers and lifeguards on the frontline.

FIGURE 1

TOTAL COASTAL FATALITIES 2017/18 (N=14) 5

In review, the past 12 months proved to be one of extremes for Queensland’s surf lifesavers and lifeguards, with sustained and unseasonably warm temperatures attracting record crowds of beachgoers. In fact, in the 12 months from 1 July 2017 through to 30 June 2018, more than 19.7 million people visited Queensland’s beaches.

4 3

g in ke ll

W Inte at nt er io En na try l

g in m im

In 2017/18, Queensland’s coastline experienced sustained periods of heavy swell, king tides, tropical cyclones, and other challenging coastal conditions. This led to numerous instances where surf lifesavers and lifeguards combined to rescue more than 50 people in a day.

Ac Veh cid ic en le t

FIGURE 2

TOTAL COASTAL FATALITIES (N=14) VS TOTAL BEACH-RELATED DROWNING DEATHS (N=6) 2017/18

There were six drowning deaths recorded on Queensland beaches in 2017/18, a slight increase when compared to four in the year prior. For the purpose of this report, SLSQ defines a beach-related drowning death as any death caused directly by immersion or submersion that has occurred in a surf or beach environment within two nautical miles off shore. In addition to six beach-related drowning deaths, there were 14 coastal fatalities recorded across Queensland this year. This figure includes all confirmed coastal fatalities, excluding drowning deaths, and includes those related to underlying medical conditions (e.g. heart attacks), snorkelling, significant trauma, and/or other incidents.

9 6

Coastal Fatalities

Beach-Related Drowning Deaths

For the purpose of this report, SLSQ defines a beach-related drowning death as any death caused directly by immersion or submersion that has occurred in a surf or beach environment within two nautical miles of shore.

SECTION 1 / YEAR IN REVIEW

W H O D R O W N E D? YEAR IN REVIEW

Of the six beach-related drowning deaths recorded in 2017/18, four were female. It is worth noting that this goes against both recent and long-term trends which suggest that males are significantly more at risk of coastal drowning than females. By comparison, over 80% of drowning victims across the past 10 years were male.

The average age of victims in 2017/18 was 40.3 years, up from 37.75 years in 2016/17. Historically speaking, young adults under 40 years of age have been heavily represented within Queensland’s drowning figures; however, recent statistics continue to show that people of all ages are susceptible to coastal drowning, depending on the circumstances. In addition to age, gender, and location, SLSQ also collects data on the nationality of drowning victims across Queensland’s coastline where available. Two victims in 2017/18 were born overseas. The other four drowning victims were born in Australia.

FIGURE 3

GENDER 2017/18 (N=6)

Migrants, tourists, and other people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds have traditionally been overrepresented in Queensland’s drowning figures and continue to remain a high-risk group.

FIGURE 4

FIGURE 5

AGE 2017/18 (N=6)

NATIONALITY 2017/18 (N=6)

50%

20-29

Under 39

40-49

30-39

33%

Australian

International

50-59

SECTION 1 / YEAR IN REVIEW

WHEN DID THEY DROWN? YEAR IN REVIEW

Historically, the summer season is generally regarded as the busiest period of time for Queensland’s surf lifesavers and lifeguards, with favourable weather and longer days attracting large crowds of beachgoers across the state. This year, more than 8.6 million people flocked to SLSQ’s patrolled locations during the months of December, January, and February. This represents one of the busiest seasons on record.

The times of all beach-related drowning deaths are also logged by SLSQ. In 2017/18, three drowning deaths occurred in the afternoon, and one in the morning. The exact time of drowning is unconfirmed in two cases.

FIGURE 7

DAY 2017/18 (N=6) A review of coastal data shows that people are continuing to get into trouble, and drown along Queensland’s coastline almost all-year-round. Two drowning deaths were recorded in each of the spring, summer and autumn seasons. There were no drowning deaths recorded in winter. In terms of individual months, there were two drowning deaths recorded in March and one each in February, October, November and December.

50%

Weekend

The most common time of the week for drowning deaths was on a weekend, with three drowning deaths recorded. This represents a significant increase when compared to the previous year, during which there were zero drowning deaths recorded on a weekend. There were three drowning deaths recorded on a weekday.

Weekend

FIGURE 6

FIGURE 8

MONTH 2017/18 (N=6)

TIME 2017/18 (N=6)

February

33%

March October

March

November

2 1

Weekday

50%

Morning Afternoon

Afternoon

Unknown

December

C A S E S T U DY: C O M M O N W E A LT H G A M E S A range of new and expanded initiatives were delivered on the Gold Coast this season to help safeguard the expected influx of tourists arriving for the Commonwealth Games. The operation was one of the largest in SLSQ’s history, and the culmination of extensive planning behind the scenes. These efforts ensured there were zero drowning deaths and minimal incidents recorded during the Games. Key services included: • Patrol hours were extended at all beaches from Southport to Burleigh, and from Kirra to Rainbow Bay. Clubs raised the red and yellow flags from 6:00am to 6:00pm, providing unprecedented coverage during this time; • SLSQ’s dawn and dusk services were expanded, with surf lifesavers stationed at Surfers Paradise until 11:00pm on peak days, while two patrol crews roved between Southport and Miami beaches from 4:00am each day; • Duty Officers and SLSQ’s State Operations and Communications Centre operated from 6:00am to 6:00pm each day; • The Australian Lifeguard Service increased its manpower at Tallebudgera Creek and Southport Broadwater; • SLSQ’s 24/7 emergency response groups were placed on standby for the entire duration of the Games to ensure that lifesavers were in a position to respond immediately to any after-hour emergencies; • Additional helicopter and jet ski patrols were rolled out during the Games; • SLSQ’s community awareness teams provided a strong presence on the beach and within the Athletes’ Village, distributing surf safety information and teaching international guests how to protect themselves in the water; • An extensive marketing and communications campaign was undertaken to strategically spread surf safety messaging; • SLSQ worked closely with Gold Coast City Council lifeguards to integrate services where possible; and • Surf lifesavers worked with a number of international teams and athletes upon their arrival to equip them with aquatic safety knowledge and skills.

SECTION 1 / YEAR IN REVIEW

WHERE AND HOW DID THEY DROWN? YEAR IN REVIEW

As part of SLSQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ongoing vision and strategic plan, it records and analyses the locations of all beach-related coastal drowning deaths across Queensland to assist with the provision and deployment of services. A review of data shows that the Sunshine Coast recorded three drowning deaths in 2017/18, followed by Wide Bay Capricorn with two drowning deaths. The greater Brisbane region recorded one drowning death. Despite significant investments made by Surf Life Saving to promote and encourage safe swimming practices, it is clear that beachgoers are still risking their lives by swimming at unpatrolled locations and/or outside of the red and yellow flags. In fact, all six drowning deaths this season were recorded outside of the flags. One drowning was recorded less than 200 metres from a patrol location while, in comparison, one occurred more than three kilometres from a lifesaving service.

known. There was one instance where the victim was snorkelling prior to their death. Improving and increasing safety within the snorkelling industry remains a key focus area for SLSQ, and in 2017 the organisation formally contacted the Queensland Government to request a more collaborative approach to safety strategies moving forward (see case study on page 32).

FIGURE 10

DISTANCE TO PATROL SERVICE 2017/18 (N=6) 2

50%

0m â&#x2C6;&#x2019; 1km from patrol

The type of activity the victim was participating in prior to their death has also been recorded and reviewed by SLSQ, where 0

ey 01 m

-b

-3 01 m 25

01 m

-2

0m -1 50

15 01 m

10 01 m

-1 00

50 1m

-5

REGION 2017/18 (N=6)

20 1m

FIGURE 9

FIGURE 11

ACTIVITY 2017/18 (N=6) 1

2 Wide Bay Capricorn

67% Swimming

3 Sunshine Coast

1 Greater Brisbane region

Snorkelling Swimming Wading

C A S E S T U DY: A L E X A N D R I A B AY A N D R E S U S C I TAT I O N

Photo courtesy of Tourism and Events Queensland

A near-certain mass drowning was prevented on Christmas Eve 2017 thanks to the bravery and quick response of surf lifesavers and lifeguards at Noosa National Park. Two volunteer members of Sunshine Beach SLSC were performing a roving ATV patrol to the treacherous and unpatrolled Alexandria Bay, an isolated 1km stretch of coastline with no permanent lifesaving service and minimal communication capabilities outside of SLSQâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s emergency beacons. Upon arrival, the pair immediately noticed what appeared to be two swimmers in significant distress and struggling to stay afloat. With their years of training immediately kicking in, both lifesavers ran to assist. Fighting the treacherous and challenging conditions, they soon realised there were in fact four patients struggling in the water, including one who was unconscious and not responding. A passing lifesaver on jet ski assisted in bringing the patients to shore, where CPR was immediately commenced on one who was not breathing. Due to the limited communications in the area it was extremely difficult to request further assistance, with the emergency beacon activated and an off-duty lifeguard at the clubhouse relaying information to SurfCom and paramedics. The Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service deployed their rescue crew onboard Lifesaver 46 with more equipment, while two additional surf lifesavers arrived to provide further assistance until paramedics arrived on scene and transported all four patients to hospital. There is no doubt there would have been multiple drowning deaths on Christmas Eve were it not for the actions of the surf lifesavers and lifeguards involved. The group was awarded both the Queensland and National Rescue of the Month award for December 2017 in recognition of their courageous efforts.

SECTION 1 / YEAR IN REVIEW

SECTION 2

TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

D R O W N I N G D E AT H S BY G E N D E R 31

2 0 0 8 −2 018 O V E R V I E W TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

T H I S S E C T I O N O F T H E R E P O R T D R A W S O N D ATA R E C O R D E D F R O M 1 J U LY 2 0 0 8 T H R O U G H T O 3 0 J U N E 2 018 , A N D I S I N T E N D E D T O P R O V I D E A 10 Y E A R S N A P S H O T O F C O A S TA L D R O W N I N G D E AT H S D U R I N G T H AT P E R I O D O F T I M E .

FIGURE 12

DROWNING DEATHS BY YEAR 2008−18 (N=75) 12

8 8

6 5

4 4

2 0 2008/09

2009/10

2010/11

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

Across the past 10 years, there have been 75 beach-related coastal drowning deaths recorded across Queensland. A review of this data shows that 39 of these drowning deaths occurred in the past five years (52%), compared to 36 drowning deaths in the first half of the decade (48%). In the past 10 years, 2014/15 and 2015/16 recorded the highest annual number of drowning deaths, with 11 each. By comparison, the fewest drowning deaths were recorded in 2016/17 and 2008/09, with both years recording four.

CASE STUDY: GREEN ISLAND SNORKELLING AND DIVING Green Island was identified as a blackspot location in SLSQ’s Coast Safe Report 2017, predominantly in regard to its high representation of coastal drowning deaths resulting from high-risk activities, including snorkelling and diving, particularly of international tourists. Subsequently, SLSQ lobbied then-Minister for Multicultural Affairs, the Hon. Grace Grace MP, to bring the State Government’s attention to the issue. As a result of this lobbying, SLSQ was invited to attend a roundtable meeting as an industry expert to bring an outside perspective to the issues with snorkelling and diving fatalities, and tabled a number of recommendations. These recommendations have since been adopted in the snorkelling code of practice, and have resulted in a significant decrease in the statistics; where there were 16 snorkeller drowning deaths in 2016/17, just one was recorded in 2017/18.

W H O D R O W N E D? TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

The ten-year data suggests that males are significantly more at risk of beach-related drowning deaths than females. In total, 81.3% of all drowning victims along Queensland’s coastline since 2008/09 were males, with females accounting for just 18.6% of victims. The ages of all drowning victims across the past 10 years have also been tracked by SLSQ. In total, there were 18 drowning deaths recorded in the 30-39 years category, making it the most common age group. A further 13 victims were aged within the 10-19 years age category, with 12 drowning deaths each recorded in the 40-49 years categories. There was one drowning in the 0-9 years age category and one drowning recorded in the 80-89 year age category.

A review of data shows that 40% of victims were international tourists, migrants, or other overseas visitors. The most common foreign nationalities of drowning victims across the past 10 years were Japanese and Chinese (six drowning deaths each). This is followed by Korean (three drowning deaths), and Malaysian and English (two drowning deaths each). Importantly, SLSQ continues to strategically target people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, including international travellers, through a raft of community awareness and educational programs.

FIGURE 13

FIGURE 15

GENDER 2008−18 (N=75)

NATIONALITY 2008−18 (N=75) 45 42

56%

30 25

Male

81%

Australian

Female

15 10

10 2

rn O at th io er na l Un kn ow n

nd er

sia n

ish

Ko re an

Male

te In

Ze ala

ala y

En gl

es e in Ch

ra l

pa ne se

FIGURE 14

WHY MALES?

AGE 2008−18 (N=75)

In the past 10 years, males have been overrepresented in Queensland’s beach-related drowning figures. It is believed that males are more likely to engage in riskier beach and aquatic behaviour than females as a result of:

20 18

16 13 12

7 5

4 1

0-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70-79

80-89

• Increased bravado and complacency about their personal safety in the water; • Alcohol consumption; • Overconfidence in their swimming ability and physical fitness; and/or • Increased peer pressure.

SECTION 2 / TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

C A S E S T U DY: T E C H N O L O GY GROW TH IN TEN YE ARS Following open public access to Facebook in 2006 and the release of the first iPhone in 2007, the past decade has seen unprecedented technological growth across the globe. Many of these communication advancements are paying dividends for lifesaving and helping to achieve our vision of zero preventable deaths in Queensland public waters. The upgrade of SLSQ’s radio network from analogue to digital provided a statewide VOIP network, allowing the ability to link the radio network together or separate regionally if required. iPads and the Lifesaving Incident Management Operations Console (LIMSOC) have been introduced to reduce paperwork and manual statistic entering, with live real-time data allowing the management of services and allocation of resources appropriately across the state. The new Statewide Operations Communications Centre (SOCC) on the Gold Coast has taken all the coordination for services under one roof, allowing seamless coordination and incident management. Our coastal camera network now includes 47 cameras monitoring the coastline. The first evolution mobile camera was a single camera on a pole, which later had a 3G call point added. Today, these remote, mobile camera and emergency beacon trailers have now been rolled out at a number of locations across Queensland. An emergency hotline was also established to allow 24/7 taskings and requests for assistance from other emergency services. The recent introduction of Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS), or ‘drones’, has provided another layer of protection to Queensland beachgoers, with SLSQ now having five aircraft in operation and 12 trained pilots. Our other eye-in-the-sky, the Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service, has also been fitted with GoPro cameras, allowing for the recording of rescue and training scenarios for later observation and debriefing. The explosion of social media platforms and online 24/7 news cycle has also created a new digital opportunity for SLSQ to reach a larger audience than ever before, with a new digital media strategy developed and implemented to educate key demographics about beach and inland water safety.

WHY MARCH? More beach-related drowning deaths have occurred in March than any other month over the past 10 years. While the exact reason for this is unknown, it is likely to be the result of numerous factors, including: • Sustained periods of unseasonably warm weather, resulting in large crowds of beachgoers; • Large beach crowds over the Easter school holidays, including international and domestic visitors to Queensland; and/or • A return to standard patrol hours and capacities following a rollout of extended services over the peak summer holiday period.

WHEN DID THEY DROWN? TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

Not surprisingly, summer recorded more beach-related drowning deaths than any other season over the past 10 years. In total the peak season recorded 25 drowning deaths (33.3%). This was followed by autumn, with 23 drowning deaths (30.6%) and spring with 18 drowning deaths (24%). There were nine drowning deaths (12%) recorded in winter.

the afternoon and early evening, between the hours of 12:00pm and 6:00pm. This is significantly higher than the 11 drowning deaths (14.7%) recorded in the morning between the hours of 8:00am and 12:00pm. It is worth noting that a further 15 drowning deaths (20%) occurred between the hours of 6:00pm and 8:00am, either before or after a patrol service was present. The exact time of drowning death is unknown in four cases.

It is interesting to note that more drowning deaths have occurred in March (14) over the past decade than any other month of the year. This is followed by February (11), January and November (9 each). There were 16 drowning deaths (21.3%) recorded on Saturdays during the past 10 years, making it the most common day of the week. This was closely followed by Tuesdays, which recorded 14 drowning deaths (18.7%). There were a further 10 drowning deaths (13.3%) recorded each on Thursdays, Fridays and Sundays. In total, 34.7% of drowning deaths occurred on a weekend, compared to 65.3% between Monday and Friday.

FIGURE 17

DAY 2008−18 (N=75) 20 16

16 14

FIGURE 16

FIGURE 18

MONTH 2008−18 (N=75)

TIME 2008−18 (N=75)

In addition to the months and days of drowning deaths, SLSQ also records the approximate time of every beach-related coastal drowning death, where known. This assists significantly with strategic planning and resource allocation across the state. The majority of drowning deaths in the past 10 years (60%) occurred in

11 9

15 13

7 6

Nov Dec

Oct

Sep

Aug

2n 12 oo :0 n 1p m -2 :0 0p 2: m 01 pm -4 :0 0p 4: m 01 pm -6 :0 0p 6: 00 m pm -m id ni gh t

Jul

00 am

Jun

01 am -1

May

Apr

re 8: 00 a

Mar

Feb

Jan

10 :

-1 0:

01 am

SECTION 2 / TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

WHERE AND HOW DID THEY DROWN? TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

Of the 75 drowning deaths on Queensland beaches across the past 10 years, 27 (36%) have occurred on Gold Coast beaches, making it the most common region for drowning deaths over this period of time. By comparison, there were 21 drowning deaths (28%) recorded across the wider Sunshine Coast region (including Noosa and Gympie), and a further 10 drowning deaths (13%) in North Queensland. In terms of individual councils, the Council of the City of Gold Coast has recorded 27 drowning deaths (36%), followed by the Sunshine Coast Council with 13 drowning deaths (17.3%) and Cairns Regional Council with nine drowning deaths (12%).

from a patrol service. It is important to note there has never been a confirmed beach-related drowning death recorded between SLSQ’s red and yellow flags. The type of activity the victim was engaged in at the time of drowning has also been recorded by SLSQ. Not surprisingly, the most common activity was swimming, which accounted for 54.7% of all drowning deaths. This was followed by riding craft (12%) and snorkelling (10.7%).

FIGURE 19 A review of specific beaches and locations reveals that Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast and Green Island in North Queensland have recorded the highest number of drowning deaths in the past 10 years, both with six (8%). Both of these locations have again been identified by SLSQ as coastal blackspots and particularly high-risk locations for beachgoers.

REGION 2008−18 (N=75) 30 27

25 21

20 15 10

5 2

t as Go

an isb Br

hi ns Su

id W

t Co ne

ay eB

h rt No

rr Ba

Q h rt

The distance of the drowning site from an active patrol area and/ or lifesaving service has also been recorded by SLSQ. Tragically, 70.7% of all drowning deaths in the past 10 years occurred less than one kilometre from a patrolled beach or patrol service. This includes 21 drowning deaths (28%) within 200m of a flagged patrol area. This continues to highlight a general lack of knowledge and/or appreciation of the significant dangers posed by entering the surf at an unpatrolled location. On the other end of the scale, there have been 19 drowning deaths (25.3%) in the past decade which have occurred more than three kilometres

WHY GOLD COAST BEACHES? More beach-related drowning deaths over the past 10 years have occurred on the Gold Coast than any other region. This is likely to be a result of: • A higher number of people visiting Gold Coast beaches when compared to other regions across Queensland; • A significant number of international tourists and travellers, with minimal experience in the water, visiting popular Gold Coast beaches all-year-round; • Challenging surf conditions and open stretches of coastline; and/or • The proximity of popular beaches in relation to nightclubs, pubs and clubs, which have historically resulted in an influx of intoxicated swimmers.

FIGURE 20

FIGURE 21

DISTANCE TO PATROL SERVICE 2008−18 (N=75)

ACTIVITY 2008−18 (N=75) 45

55%

30 15

Swimming

15 8

g in sh

sh Fi

in g

t af Cr

re we po

ke or Sn

lli

g in

m di

00 >3 0

01 m 25

01 m 20

-3

-2

0m 00 -2

-1 50

15 01 m

10 01 m

50 1m

-5

-1 00

m 00 20 1m

SECTION 2 / TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

T O P T E N D R O W N I N G D E AT H S BY C O U N C I L S A N D BY B E A C H E S TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

FIGURE 22

TOP TEN COUNCILS 2008−18 COUNCILS (TOP 10)

DROWNING DEATHS 2008-18

Council of the City of Gold Coast

Sunshine Coast Council

Cairns Regional Council

Noosa Shire Council

Fraser Coast Regional Council

Redland City Council

Gympie Regional Council

Bundaberg Regional Council

Gladstone Regional Council

Livingstone Shire Council

FIGURE 23

TOP TEN BEACHES 2008−18 BEACHES (TOP 10)

DROWNING DEATHS 2008-18

Green Island, Cairns

Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast

Northcliffe, Gold Coast

Sunshine Beach, Noosa Shire

Happy Valley, Fraser Island

Kings Beach, Sunshine Coast

Kurrawa, Gold Coast

Narrowneck, Gold Coast

Northern Tip, Bribie Island

Teewah Beach, Noosa Shire

SECTION 2 / TEN YEARS IN REVIEW

SECTION 3

I N L A N D WAT E R S

Photo courtesy of Tourism and Events Queensland

122

INLAND DROWNING DEATHS 41

2 013 −2 018 O V E R V I E W FIVE YEARS IN REVIEW

With more than a century of coastal and aquatic experience to its name, SLSQ and its members have been directly responsible for saving the lives of more than 140,000 people along Queensland’s coastline since its inception. In addition, countless tragedies and incidents have been prevented over the years through a wide range of proactive strategies, services, and programs along with the on-beach actions of surf lifesavers and lifeguards. This frontline approach, coupled with a raft of awareness and educational initiatives, has helped minimise drowning deaths and protect hundreds of millions of beachgoers across the state.

FIGURE 24

INLAND DROWNING DEATHS BY YEAR 2013−18 (N=122) 25

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

This overwhelming success and positive track record has recently seen SLSQ broaden its focus, transferring its extensive lifesaving experience and expertise to numerous ‘flat water’ environments and inland aquatic locations. A recent change to SLSQ’s overarching vision now sees the organisation working towards the wider goal of ‘Zero preventable deaths in Queensland public waters.’ In addition to beaches, this includes dams, rivers, lakes, lagoons, and all other freely and publicly accessible bodies of water. As part of this, SLSQ has begun to monitor and analyse all drowning deaths at inland locations. Moving forward, this will continue to provide a vital framework for developing and implementing risk management strategies to protect swimmers and, ultimately, eliminate drowning deaths. This section of the report draws on data recorded from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2018, and is intended to provide a five-year snapshot of aquatic drowning deaths an inland public waters during that time. In the past five years there have been 122 drowning deaths at inland aquatic locations across Queensland. It is important to note this figure excludes drowning deaths which have occurred in public and private pools, along with beach-related coastal drowning deaths, but includes all other confirmed cases of drowning deaths which have occurred in Queensland waterways as determined by the Coroner’s Office at the time of print.

INLAND BLACKSPOTS Following an extensive review of data related to drowning deaths and other incidents at inland aquatic locations, SLSQ has identified a number of locations as particular ‘high-risk’ blackspots. These have been listed on the next page in order of priority.

C A S E S T U DY: WAT E R S A F E W E E K

In December 2017, SLSQ launched its inaugural Water Safe Week to highlight the potential dangers associated with swimming at publiclyaccessible and unpatrolled rivers, dams, creeks, waterfalls, and lagoons. As part of the initiative, surf lifesavers travelled to various waterways across South East Queensland and directly engaged with 1,096 people about aquatic safety. These efforts were underpinned by an awareness campaign, WATERSAFE: Know the Dangers, encompassing an engaging video series and extensive online information.

FIGURE 25

TOP FIVE BLACKSPOTS 2013−18 BLACKSPOTS (TOP 5)

DROWNING DEATHS 2013−18

Brisbane River (Sector 2)*

Logan River

King John Creek

Tallebudgera Creek

Currumbin Creek

* For the purpose of this report, the Brisbane River has been broken down into three (3) sections: Sector 1 – Port of Brisbane to Story Bridge (M7) Sector 2 – Story Bridge (M7) to Centenary Highway (M5) Sector 3 – Centenary Highway (M5) and inland

SECTION 3 / INL AND WATERS

W H O D R O W N E D? FIVE YEARS IN REVIEW

In the past five years there have been 122 drowning deaths at inland aquatic locations across Queensland, at an average of 24 per year. Of the past five years, 2015/16 recorded the largest number of inland aquatic drowning deaths, with 38. By comparison, there were 19 drowning deaths at inland locations last year.

helps with the development of community awareness and other drowning prevention strategies. In total, 55 inland drowning victims (45.1%) were Australian-born, compared with 25 victims born overseas (20.5%). The exact nationality of the victim was unknown in 42 (34.4%) cases.

Much like beach-related drowning deaths, the majority of victims of inland drowning deaths over the past five years were male. In total, there were 99 male victims (81.1%) compared with just 23 females (18.6%). The ages of all victims, where known, have been recorded by SLSQ and grouped into one of 10 age categories. The data indicates that people of all ages are susceptible to inland aquatic drowning deaths, with each age category represented to some degree. There were 22 victims (18%) within the 60-69 years category, making it the most common age group of inland drowning victims across the past five years. This was followed by the 20-29 years category, which accounted for 19 inland drowning deaths (15.6%). The 90-99 years category was the least represented age bracket, with only three drowning victims (2.5%). In addition, SLSQ tracks the nationality of inland drowning victims across Queensland, where possible. This data significantly

FIGURE 27

AGE 2013−18 (N=122) 25 22

19 15

14 12

0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 Unknown

FIGURE 26

FIGURE 28

GENDER 2013−18 (N=122)

NATIONALITY 2013−18 (N=122) 60 55

Male

81%

45%

40 30

Australian

Female 20

Male

10 4

r de Ze ala n

rn O at th io er na l Un kn ow n te In

n Ne w

Ko re a

e es in Ch

gl En

ia ra l st Au

ish

WHEN DID THEY DROWN? FIVE YEARS IN REVIEW

The majority of inland aquatic drowning deaths over the past five years occurred in summer. In total, there were 46 drowning deaths (37.7%) during the months of December, January, and February. By comparison, there were 33 drowning deaths (27%) recorded in spring, 27 drowning deaths (22.1 %) in autumn, and 16 drowning deaths (13.1%) in the winter months. Each month of the year recorded at least two inland drowning deaths. The most common months for inland drowning deaths over the past five years were February and November, each with 17 (13.9%). These were followed by December (15), January (14), May (12), and March (11). There have only been two inland drowning deaths recorded in June over the past five years, making it the least common month.

The time of all inland aquatic drowning deaths, where known, has also been recorded by SLSQ. The data indicates that 31 drowning deaths (25.4%) occurred between the hours of 2:01pm and 6:00pm, with a further 21 (17.2%) occurring between the hours of 10:01am and 2:00pm. Nine (7.7%) occurred between the hours of 12:01am and 8:00am. The exact time of death was unknown in 47 cases.

FIGURE 30

DAY 2013−18 (N=122) 30 26

In the past five years, 48 inland drowning deaths (39.3%) were recorded on the weekend, compared with 69 (56.6%) on weekdays. The exact day of death was unconfirmed in five cases. Individually, Saturday recorded 26 drowning deaths, making it the most common day of the week. This was followed by Sunday (22) and Friday (21). There were multiple drowning deaths recorded on every day of the week across the past five years.

20 16

10 6

FIGURE 29

FIGURE 31

MONTH 2013−18 (N=122)

TIME 2013−18 (N=122)

Unknown

20 17

25%

15 14 12 9

2:01pm−6:00pm

7 4

n ow kn Un

gh t

-m id

00 pm 6:

m -6

:0 0p

00 pm -4 :

4: 01 p

12 :

01 pm

-2

-1

2n o

:0 0p

00 am

Nov Dec

-1 0:

Oct

10 :0

Sep

0a m

Aug

Jul

01 am

Jun

re 8

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

1a m

2: 01 pm

SECTION 3 / INL AND WATERS

WHERE AND HOW DID THEY DROWN? FIVE YEARS IN REVIEW

FIGURE 33

LOCATION 2013−18 (N=122) 40 36

35 30 25

30%

River

20 15 11

9 5

4 2

r W

rr ua

le Q

ll s Ho S Da l e wim m /L m a g in oo g n La ke Ca n Pa al ss ag e

The type of activity the victim was engaged in prior to their death has also been recorded by SLSQ, where known. In total, 19 victims (15.6%) were either swimming or wading immediately prior to their death. There were also 19 drowning deaths (15.6%) related to boating, while 17 drowning deaths (13.9%) occurred following accidental entry into the water.

FIGURE 34

ACTIVITY 2013−18 (N=122) 20

18 17

FIGURE 32

TOP FIVE COUNCILS 2013−18 COUNCILS (TOP 5)

There were 13 drowning deaths (10.7%) within the Brisbane River during the past five years,making it the most common location for inland drowning deaths during this period of time. This is followed by the Logan River (four), Tallebudgera Creek (four) and King John Creek (four).

In terms of location, there have been 19 inland drowning deaths (15.6%) recorded at waterways within the City of Gold Coast. There were a further 17 drowning deaths (13.9%) recorded within Brisbane City Council boundaries.

In the past five years, aquatic drowning deaths were recorded at a variety of inland locations across Queensland. The three most common aquatic environments for inland drowning deaths during this time have been rivers (29.5%), creeks (19.7%), and waterfalls (9%). Inland drowning deaths were also recorded at dams, lakes, bays, canals, quarries, weirs, and lagoons, among others.

DROWNING DEATHS 2013−18

Council of the City of Gold Coast

Brisbane City Council

Cairns Regional Council

5 3 2

2 1

n ow

th Un

e cu

th (O

er )

lli ke Dr

er at

W od

lo (F

d re

er at

at W

d lW

na In

io nt te in Un

er at

lW na

in at

Mackay Regional Council

Moreton Bay Regional Council

SECTION 3 / INL AND WATERS

SECTION 4

M A R I N E C R E AT U R E S

2008â&#x2C6;&#x2019;18

14 6 43% ATTACKS

FATAL

FATALITY %

M A R I N E C R E AT U R E S CROCODILES AND SHARKS

In addition to its work monitoring coastal drowning deaths, SLSQ tracks and analyses other key incidents along Queensland’s coastline including crocodile and shark attacks, as well as incidents involving marine stingers. This helps SLSQ to identify any particular high-risk locations across Queensland and introduce proactive measures to protect communities and minimise risk. SLSQ continues to work closely with a range of key stakeholders including local governments and councils, tourism operators, and the general public to educate and protect Queensland beachgoers.

FIGURE 36

CROCODILES

BEACH CLOSURES − CROCODILE 2017/18

Like all marine creatures, crocodiles are a natural part of North Queensland’s aquatic environment and, while attacks on humans are rare, they can and do occur. In 2017/18 there were two confirmed crocodile attacks in North Queensland, including one fatality at Craiglie Creek in Craiglie. In the past 10 years there have been eight non-fatal crocodile attacks and a further six fatal attacks. SLSQ continues to take a hands-on and proactive approach to better protect and educate beachgoers with the aim of significantly reducing the risks of further attacks, and in 2018 took an active role in the State Government’s Crocwise roundtable discussions. This resulted in Crocwise program funding from the Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (see case study). The top five beach locations closed due to crocodiles in 2017/18 were Holloways Beach and Four Mile Beach in Cairns, Etty Bay, Palm Cove in Cairns, and Harbour Beach in Mackay.

FIGURE 35

CROCODILE ATTACKS 2008−18 YEAR

ATTACK LOCATION

FATAL/ NON-FATAL

2008

False Pera Heads near Weipa

Non-fatal

Endeavour River Escape

Fatal

Watsons Bay on Lizard Island

Non-fatal

Daintree River, Nth QLD

Fatal

Bushie Inlet, Cairnscross Island, Nth QLD

Fatal

Beening Creek, Weipa

Non-fatal

Trunding Creek, Weipa

Non-fatal

Port Douglas Golf Club

Non-fatal

2009

2011

2015

Lizard Island

Non-fatal

2016

Thornton Beach

Fatal

2017

Johnston River Innisfail

Non-fatal

Palmer Point Innisfail

Fatal

Cape Tribulation Beach

Non-fatal

Craiglie Creek, Craiglie

Fatal

BEACH CLOSURES (TOP 5) − CROCODILE 2017/18 1

Holloways Beach

Four Mile Beach

Etty Bay

Palm Cove

Harbour Beach

CASE STUDY: CROCWISE PROGRAM FUNDING Recent funding from the Queensland Government’s Department of Environment and Science (DES) will enable SLSQ to enhance the Crocwise Education program in North Queensland, using drone technology to monitor and provide crocodile identification, behaviours and tracking of their movements around popular beaches and waterways. The grant will enable SLSQ to deliver a range of initiatives in three zones, including Four Mile Beach in Port Douglas, Cairns Northern Beaches, and Etty Bay and Mission Beach. Initiatives to be delivered are divided into four components: Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS), Crocwise Education support and statistical data, software package development, and community engagement. This will see 18 SLSQ personnel trained in remote piloting as per Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) guidelines, as well as the purchase of three RPAS. The development of a suitable flight and survey program in conjunction with DES will allow the capture of statistical data to inform the Crocwise Education program and, pending system upgrades, will be uploaded to SLSQ’s Lifesaving Incident Management System and Operational Console (LIMSOC) database. Further, a software provider will be engaged by SLSQ to produce a program that can run a live camera feed to identify crocodile movement on the water’s surface. All confirmed crocodile sightings will be reported to CrocWatch, with the Crocwise Education messaging distributed on SLSQ’s website and social media, as well as community programs.

FIGURE 38

SHARK ATTACKS 2008−18 YEAR

ATTACK LOCATION

FATAL/ NON-FATAL

2008

Greenmount Beach, Coolangatta

Non-fatal

2009

Osprey Reef

Non-fatal

Heron Island, Lamont Reef

Non-fatal

Thursday Island, Torre Strait

Non-fatal

Bargara, Archies Beach

Non-fatal

Dent Island, Whitsunday Islands

Non-fatal

Challenger Bay, Palm Island

Fatal

Peregain Beach

Non-fatal

Wurtulla Beach

Non-fatal

Nobbys Beach, Gold Coast

Non-fatal

Noosa Heads

Non-fatal

Gold Coast

Non-fatal

Chevron Island, Narang River

Non-fatal

Rudder Reef, Port Douglas

Fatal

Nerang River, Surfers Paradise

Non-fatal

Burleigh Heads

Non-fatal

Davies Reef, Off Townsville

Non-fatal

Russell Island, Frankland Islands, GBR

Non-fatal

Miall Island, Yeppoon

Non-fatal

Heron Island

Non-fatal

Caloundra

Non-fatal

Whitehaven Beach, Whitsunday Island

Non-fatal

Kings Beach, Sunshine Coast

Non-fatal

Lockhart River

Non-fatal

Northern Tip Of Cape York (Unknown Location)

Non-fatal

Flaggy Rock

Non-fatal

Murry Island, Torres Strait (80km east)

Non-fatal

Hinchinbrook Island

Non-fatal

North Qld Coast, Weipa

Non-fatal

Moreton Bay Off Redcliffe

Non-fatal

Hinchinbrook Island

Non-fatal

Alma Bay

Non-fatal

Lizard Island

Non-fatal

2010

2011

2012

SHARKS In 2017/18 there were two confirmed shark attacks in Queensland resulting in non-fatal injuries, up from five the previous year. These occurred at Alma Bay and Lizard Island. The last confirmed shark attack in Queensland resulting in a fatality was recorded in 2014 at Rudder Reef in Port Douglas. SLSQ also plays a key role when it comes to shark management and prevention. This sees the organisation work in partnership with key stakeholders at all levels to deliver safer beaches, while educating swimmers about how to increase protection and minimise the risk of an attack. On the ground, SLSQ’s lifeguards and surf lifesavers play an active and key role in shark safety, particularly as a front-line defence when it comes to monitoring Queensland’s coastline and responding accordingly in the event of a sighting.

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

The top five beach locations closed due to sharks in 2017/18 were Moore Park Beach in Bundaberg, Coolum Beach on the Sunshine Coast, Kellys Beach in Bundaberg, Pacific Beach on the Gold Coast, and Mudjimba on the Sunshine Coast.

FIGURE 37

BEACH CLOSURES − SHARK 2017/18 BEACH CLOSURES (TOP 5) − SHARK 2017/18 1

Moore Park Beach

Coolum Beach

Kellys Beach

Pacific Beach

Mudjimba

2018

2008−18

33 2 6% ATTACKS

FATAL

FATALITY %

SECTION 4 / MARINE CREATURES

M A R I N E C R E AT U R E S MARINE STINGERS

In 2017, SLSQ was invited by its new partner, Sea World, to be involved in the marine park’s exciting upcoming exhibit, ‘Sea Jellies Illuminated’, to open in late 2018. The exhibit will include interactive and engaging interpretive displays provided by SLSQ to educate guests on marine stinger prevention, symptoms and treatment in Queensland waters. In addition, Sea Jellies Illuminated will incorporate a working research laboratory on display, allowing guests to view Griffith University students undertaking research. The exhibit is an unprecedented opportunity to educate the public on safe co-existence with marine stingers in their natural environment.

IRUKANDJI In 2017/18 there were at least nine suspected Irukandji stings across North Queensland reported to SLSQ, representing a decrease from 10 the year before. The earliest sting of the season was recorded on 25 December 2017 at Wongaling Beach, with the most recent sting occurring at Horseshoe Bay on Magnetic Island on 18 February 2018. There was one beachgoer at Fraser Island who developed Irukandji syndrome after receiving a sting in the water in late January 2018. The exact type of marine stinger involved in this incident remains unconfirmed.

FIGURE 39

FIGURE 40

IRUKANDJI STINGS* 2013−18

STINGER FATALITIES 2000−18 YEAR

FATALITY LOCATION

STINGER

2000

Yarrabah, Cairns

Box jellyfish

2014/15

2002

Hamilton Island, Whitsundays

Irukandji

2015/16

Opal Reef, Cairns

Irukandji

2016/17

2006

Bamaga, Umagico

Box jellyfish

2017/18

2009

Wongaling, Mission Beach

Box jellyfish

SEASON 2013/14

STINGS

* T his data relates to stings recorded within SLSQ’s North Queensland and North Barrier Branches, spanning an area from Sarina through to Far North Queensland. SLSQ continues to work closely with industry experts when it comes to marine stinger management. It is pertinent to note this publication only reports on marine stings that were directly treated by Queensland’s surf lifesavers or lifeguards, reported to SLSQ, or otherwise confirmed by SLSQ in consultation with external agencies.

BLUEBOTTLES There was a significant decrease in the number of bluebottle stings recorded across the state in 2017/18. In total, SLSQ’s surf lifesavers and lifeguards treated 14,008 minor bluebottle stings this season, representing a substantial decrease of 75% when compared to 57,769 stings recorded in 2016/17 (caused by sustained northerly winds and warmer water temperatures). It is important to note these figures only include bluebottle stings that were physically treated by, or otherwise reported to, SLSQ’s surf lifesavers and lifeguards.

SECTION 4 / MARINE CREATURES

SECTION 5

OUR SERVICES

S TAY I N G I N T O U C H W I T H OUR SERVICES As the state’s peak authority on coastal and aquatic safety, SLSQ remains committed to improving its service delivery at all levels to increase our effectiveness and, ultimately, eliminate drowning deaths across Queensland. • In addition to extending front-line beach patrols, SLSQ continues to build upon its disaster management and response capabilities, with 24/7 emergency response groups now active and operational in all regions across the state; • Night operations training is regularly conducted on both the Gold and Sunshine Coasts in conjunction with the Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service and the Queensland Water Police; • SLSQ continues to operate its network of coastal surveillance cameras at selected high-risk locations across the state, allowing lifesavers and lifeguards to monitor beach usage and conditions around the clock; • Operations were boosted across the south east in the lead up to, and during, the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games.

ENGAGING WITH OUR COMMUNITY Outside of its front-line patrols, SLSQ continues to advocate the importance of surf safety education and community awareness as a crucial part of breaking the drowning cycle. Last year, SLSQ engaged with 224,068 people to spread the surf safety message. Key initiatives from the past 12 months have been outlined below: • The inaugural Water Safe Week campaign was launched in December 2017, with beach and inland water safety ‘pop-up clinics’ held in various locations around Queensland; • The Harbour Town Surf Crew was unveiled in December 2017, with a branded and fully-operational lifesaving vehicle, parked predominately near the Surfers Paradise sign at the end of Cavill Avenue. Designed to engage, entertain and educate the public, the Surf Crew has attended 50 pop-up clinics and engaged with 32,728 people since its inception; • SLSQ’s award-winning Little Lifesavers program has been running since 1993, educating more than 650 young children about water safety each year; • The Queensland Health Beach Safe Schools Program visited 169 schools across the state and taught more than 40,000

students about how to stay safe in the surf during 2017/18; • SLSQ’s On The Same Wave program educated and engaged with 31,262 beachgoers from multicultural backgrounds across the past 12 months, significantly boosting safety across this high-risk group of beachgoer; • Airport welcoming services at the Gold Coast, Sunshine Coast, and Cairns saw surf lifesavers directly engage with 20,992 passengers and provide them with vital safety information upon touch down; • Each year Breaka Beach to Bush sees qualified surf lifesavers travel to remote and rural communities across Queensland to educate primary school students about water safety, and in 2017/18 visited 64 schools to directly educate 5,939 students; and • SLSQ’s community awareness team attended a number of key events including the Gold Coast 600, various NRL matches, community festivals, and school fetes to educate potential beachgoers.

WESTPAC LIFESAVER RESCUE HELICOPTER SERVICE Our ‘eye in the sky’, the Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service (WLRHS) boasts a highly-trained team of skilled men and women, encompassing full-time professionals and volunteer surf lifesavers. Initially formed in December 1976, the service exists for one reason and one reason only: to save lives. • In 2017/18, the WLRHS flew 530 mission hours, performed 24 preventative actions to proactively protect beachgoers, and directly saved the lives of 11 people through winch-rescues; • Patrols were extended south of the Tweed River to the notoriously dangerous and unpatrolled stretch of beach at Fingal Head, NSW; • The WLRHS continues to work closely with the Queensland Fire and Emergency Services, the Queensland Police Service, and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority to provide search and rescue services during times of need; and • Additional patrols were scheduled during extended periods of rough and potentially dangerous surf.

CASE STUDY: DRONES IN QUEENSLAND The use of Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS), or ‘drones’, in a lifesaving capacity has taken off over the past 12 months, providing another layer of protection to Queensland beachgoers. SLSQ currently has five aircraft in operation and 12 trained pilots, six of which are licensed to fly sub-2kg aircraft and six at sub25kg. Aircraft and pilot numbers will be increased across the 2018/19 season, allowing SLSQ to fly in peak periods over blackspots and high visitation priority areas, including the Sunshine Coast, North Stradbroke Island, and Tropical North Queensland.

C A S E S T U DY: N O O S A R E S C U E BY J A M E S C E R V I An off-duty lifeguard plunged into cyclonic seas to save a woman from being smashed on rocks at Noosa on 18 February 2018, as massive waves generated by passing Cyclone Gita wreaked havoc on the South East Queensland coastline. Stevi Everson, 24, was filming her brother surfing at Tea Tree Bay when she and her father were thrown from their jet ski by a freak wave. While her dad made it to shore, onlookers watched in horror as Stevi was caught in a whirlpool close to rocks, fighting for her life. Off-duty lifeguard James Cervi saw the drama unfold from his friend’s passing jet ski, calling for help before diving into the water to assist. Battling 2m waves and a powerful current, James kept the pair afloat for some 20 minutes before using a chance wave to time their escape up the rocks, pushing Stevi up into the arms of onlookers. “Many other lifeguards would have assessed the situation and determined it too dangerous for a second person to enter; James was adamant that no one was going to drown if he could prevent it, no matter the cost,” Stevi said. “I can’t comprehend his selflessness and I’ll never have the ability to repay his actions.” In recognition of his courage and bravery under extreme pressure, James was awarded the Queensland and National Rescue of the Month award for February 2018.

James Cervi with Sarah Henderson MP and the Hon Matt Thistlewaite MP Co-Chairs of Parliamentary Friend of Surf Life Saving.

AUSTRALIAN LIFEGUARD SERVICE QUEENSLAND The Australian Lifeguard Service Queensland (ALSQ) is the professional lifeguard arm of SLSQ and provides vital aquatic safety support to governments, councils, and land managers across the state. • In 2017/18, ALSQ lifeguards combined to perform a remarkable 623,903 preventative actions, while treating 23,982 injured patients with first aid, and directly saving the lives of 1,687 beachgoers; and • The service is currently comprised of 369 lifeguards, including 37 permanent staff and nine supervisors. Collectively, their experience is unrivalled in Queensland, with the team boasting 1,529 years of lifeguarding experience and more than 1.5 million career patrol hours between them.

SECTION 5 / OUR SERVICES

M E T H O D O L O GY, R E S E A R C H , AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS METHODOLOGY Contained within SLSQ’s Coast Safe Report 2018 is information and data obtained by SLSQ major incident notification forms, witness reports, media analysis, and Surf Life Saving Australia. Where possible, this information has been verified with National Coronial Information System (NCIS) data for coastal drowning deaths for the period 1 July 2017 to 6 July 2018.

change with closure of investigations. Once a closure occurs to NCIS cases, SLSQ can modify undetermined cases, those with unknown intent, and those where the cause of death is not drowning. All deaths known to have occurred in coastal waters have been included as coastal drowning deaths, unless otherwise stated.

INDUSTRY EXPERTS While all care has been taken to ensure that statistical information included within this report is accurate as of the date of publication, it is important to note that data may be amended over time following the outcome of coronial investigations that are ongoing at the time of print.

CAPABILITY AND RESCUE ANALYSIS SurfGuard, LIMSOC, the Incident Report Database (IRD), and SurfCom management system are web-based applications making up part of a suite of applications that enables members, clubs, branches and states to enter and access Surf Life Saving data. This data includes operational (including rescues, preventative actions and first aid treatments), capability (including assets and services), educational and administrative. Information extracted from SurfGuard can be used to identify how many rescues were performed by volunteers, lifeguards and support services during the 2017/18 patrol season.

DROWNING DATA ANALYSIS SLSQ collects data and information on key coastal incidents and fatalities from SurfGuard’s IRD, SurfCom, SLSA, the NCIS, and media reports. This information is verified and compiled for analysis by SLSQ’s Lifesaving Operations Department. For the purpose of this report, SLSQ defines a beach-related coastal drowning death as any death caused directly by immersion or submersion that has occurred in a surf or beach environment within two nautical miles of shore.

SLSQ continues to work with industry experts and external agencies when it comes to the collation and analysis of drowning and coastal data. SLSQ acknowledges the support of the following people and organisations: • John West, Taronga Zoo, for assistance with the collation and analysis of data pertaining to sharks in Queensland waters; • Sea World Gold Coast for assistance with the collation and analysis of data pertaining to sharks and marine stingers in Queensland waters; • Department of Environment and Science and Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service for assistance with the collation and analysis of data pertaining to crocodiles in Queensland; • Jamie Seymour and James Cook University for expert advice and guidance regarding Irukandji and other marine stingers; • Underwater World for assistance with the collation and analysis of data pertaining to marine stingers in Queensland waters; • Charlie Manolis, Wildlife Management International, for assistance with the collation and analysis of data pertaining to crocodiles in Queensland; • Queenland Ambulance Service; • Queensland Health; • National Coronial Information System; and • Coroner’s Court of Queensland.

FUNDING SUPPORT SLSQ acknowledges and thanks the Queensland and Federal Governments for their continued support and funding of our organisation and its vision of saving lives.

DROWNING DATA LIMITATIONS As part of the NCIS process, some cases are amended prior to their closure, resulting in changes to the classification of cases in our datasets. Therefore, the number of coastal drowning deaths published in this report may differ slightly from annual totals previously reported. It is noted that our current year’s data may

G L O S S A RY

Advanced Resuscitation Techniques - A certification providing the skills and knowledge required to use specialised equipment in the provision of resuscitation, in line with the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) guidelines. ALSQ - Australian Lifeguard Service Queensland. Aquatic environment - Areas such as coastal and inland beaches and waterways, swimming pools and their facilities, and other bodies of water, slurry and other agricultural and industrial liquids storage. Attempting a rescue - An effort to retrieve a person in distress and deliver them to a place of safety. ATV - All-terrain vehicle. AWSS - Australian Water Safety Strategy. Bay - A body of water partially enclosed by land but with a wide mouth, affording access to the sea. Beach - A beach is a wave-deposited accumulation of sediment – usually sand, but ranging in size up to boulders – deposited between the upper swash limit and wave base. Beach-related drowning death - A death by immersion or submersion that has occurred in a beach environment. Blackspot - An area with a high concentration of coastal/ocean incidents and a high probability/risk of ongoing recurrence. Boating - Individuals using either a powered vessel or sailing boat for pleasure and/or fishing. CASA - Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Coastal drowning death - Where the location of the drowning is on the coast, in the ocean up to two nautical miles (2NM) offshore. COD - Cause of death. Creek - A small stream that can be shallow and can be an inlet into a shoreline. Crude drowning rate - A comparative rate of drowning to the size of the population in that area. Dam - A barrier constructed across a waterway to control the raise or flow of a body of water. Dangerous surf warning - An alert issued by the Bureau of Meteorology indicating that surf conditions in an area are unsafe for coastal activities. The warnings are calculated based on wave height, swell direction and swell period. DES - Department of Environment and Science (Queensland Government). Designated swimming area - A patrolled location that identifies a zone for swimming and bodyboarding. Indicated by red/yellow horizontally divided flags which are set after performing a risk assessment to determine the most suitable area for swimming. Drone - Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS). Drowning - The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid; outcomes are classified as death, morbidity and no morbidity. Estuary - A partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers/streams flowing into it with a connection to the open sea. Emergency response - An action taken by an SLS entity in response to a

call for assistance from an emergency management organisation. Emergency response plan - Plan outlining the specific actions to be taken, as well as how, when, by whom and why during an emergency/ incident. Falls - A large volume or small natural stream of flowing water into a creek or river. Falls (trips/slips) - An event which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or other lower level. First aid - Assessments and interventions that can be performed by a bystander (or by the victim) with minimal or no medical equipment. First aider - A person with formal training in first aid, emergency care, or medicine who provides first aid. Foreign ethnicity - Individuals who identify with a cultural group other than Australian based on heritage, language or shared customs. This identification is extrapolated from reported data such as the individuals’ country of birth and the main language spoken at home. Groyne - A low wall or sturdy timber barrier built into the sea from a beach to check erosion and drifting. Hazard - The source of potential harm. Incident - Any unplanned event requiring lifesaving services intervention. ILS - International Life Saving Federation. Inland - An area that is beyond the high waterline or within a landward distance of 5 times the width of the coastal inlet/river mouth and is an aquatic influenced environment located within land boundaries. Inlet - A small or narrow inland opening to the coastline. Intentional water entry - Entry into the water and/or entry into an aquatic environment that was intended. International - An individual who is confirmed to reside overseas and/or is a temporary visitor to Australia. IRB - Inflatable rescue boat. Inshore - A shoreline in the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water. Lake - An inland body of water surrounded by land. Leisure activity - An activity commenced on land such as play, walking, jogging or cycling. Lifeguard - An individual that undertakes patrols at a beach or another aquatic environment. This is typically a salaried member, qualified in public safety and aquatic rescue. Lifesaver - An individual that undertakes patrols at a beach or another aquatic environment. This is typically a non-salaried member, qualified in public safety and aquatic rescue. Lifesaving service - A coordinated group that exists to provide aquatic safety services to the public. This includes surf and life saving clubs, lifeguards, SurfCom, rescue water craft, inflatable rescue boats, helicopters, ATVs and 4WDs. LIMSOC - Lifesaving Incident Management System and Operational Console. Local Government Area (LGA) - Also known as local councils, LGAs include cities, towns, shires, municipalities or boroughs.

Marina - A boat basin offering dockage and other service for small craft. NCIS - National Coronial Information System. NM - Nautical miles. Ocean drowning death - Where the location of the drowning is in the ocean further than 2NM offshore, but no further than 12NM. Offshore - Beyond the surf zone. Open ocean - The seabed, water and air space above the water between 2NM and 12NM (the Australian territorial waters limit) offshore. Operations support - Rapid response rescue units, not affiliated to any specific surf life saving club. Other - An uncommon known activity not otherwise listed (e.g. paragliding, aircraft crash, fall from pier). Patrol - Service undertaken to monitor activities in/around an aquatic environment and respond accordingly through either preventative actions or rescue operations. Patrolled location - A location supervised by a lifesaving service. Preventative action - Direct action taken to reduce or eliminate the probability of a specific rescue, first aid or other reportable incident from happening in the future. Note: A preventative action will be recorded as the singular activity taken (i.e. clearing the water for lightning will be one action. The number of people warned/altered as a result of this action will be recorded separately as a warning). Prevention - Where intervention by a lifesaving resource averts a person/s from getting into a potentially life-threatening situation. Public awareness - The process of informing and engaging the community as to the nature of the potential hazards and actions required to mitigate associated risk. Public waters - Any freely-accessible waterway including, but not limited to, beaches, rivers, creeks, dams, lakes, lagoons and streams; this excludes commercial and private swimming pools, as well as household waters such as bath tubs, sinks and backyard containers. Rescue - Retrieving a person in distress, delivering them to a place of safety and the application of first aid and basic life support as may be required. Rescue water craft (RWC) - A personal water craft (e.g. jet ski) used by lifesavers and lifeguards for performing rescues and preventative actions. Resuscitation - Preservation or restoration of life by establishing and maintaining a person’s airway, breathing and circulation. Riding craft - A piece of non-powered recreational and/or sporting equipment used in the surf and other aquatic environments including surfboards and boogie boards. Rip current - A seaward flowing current of water moving through a surf zone. River - A natural stream of water flowing into an ocean or bay. Rock/cliff - A rock platform that may or may not have a high steep face. Rock/cliff related - An activity besides fishing that is performed on a rock platform or off a groyne. Rock fishing - The act of attempting to catch fish from a coastal rock platform. RPA - Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems drone.

Search - An operation involving lifesaving services and facilities to locate person/s in distress. Search and rescue - The process of locating and rescuing persons missing or in distress and the application of first aid and basic life support as may be required. Service gap - An area identified as having an inadequate level of resources to meet public safety demands. Service season and hours - Vary between states due to climatic factors, but in the context of this report, the season is for the period July 2017 to June 2018. SLSA - Surf Life Saving Australia. SLSQ - Surf Life Saving Queensland. SOCC - State Operations and Communications Centre. Standard operating procedure - A set of directions detailing what actions could be taken, as well as how, when, by whom and why are the procedures for conducting certain activities. Stream - A continuous flow of water. Surf Life Saving Club - An SLS affiliated not-for-profit organisation which has volunteers members who provide coastal safety services to the community. SurfCom - SLS radio communications centre which assists in managing the communications of lifesaving operations and data collection. Territorial sea - The seaward limits of Australia’s maritime zones, from the coastline to 12NM from the low tide line. Total Service Plan - An assessment of current and future lifesaving resources, trends, national blackspots and coastal safety issues combined with evidenced-based mitigation strategies to address these issues. Undetermined - Cases that are not associated with a closed Coroner’s report on NCIS are often left ‘undetermined’ until an official cause of death has been determined. Some examples are cases where bodies have been found washed up on the beach; reports of individuals struggling in coastal environments are made and the bodies are not found/missing persons reports are not made; or a suspected heart attack in a coastal environment rather than death due to immersion. These deaths will all be followed up on and the incident category updated once Coroner determinations are made accessible. Unintentional water entry - Accidental entry into the water and/or entry into an aquatic environment that was not intended. Unpatrolled location- An area that has no service, is not monitored or not patrolled. Unpowered craft - A piece of non-powered recreational and/or sporting equipment used in the surf and other aquatic environments. Examples include kayaks and canoes. Wading - To walk through water while partially immersed. Watercraft - A piece of non-powered recreational equipment used in the water. Examples include surfboards, stand-up paddle boards, boogie boards, windsurfers or kayaks. WLRHS - Westpac Lifesaver Rescue Helicopter Service. 4WD - Four-wheel drive.

Surf Life Saving Queensland Surf Rescue House, 18 Manning Street, South Brisbane QLD 4101 PO Box 3747, South Brisbane QLD 4101 +61 7 3846 8000 â&#x20AC;¢ lifesaving.com.au